专题01 Unit 1 Science and Scientists-【语境大串记】 词汇语境串记单元学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语单元学案以“Science and Scientists”为主题，围绕单元76个核心词汇设计“语境串记-词形转变-梯度练习-关联拓展”的递进式学习路径，通过英文故事《The Doctor Who Saved London》整合词汇与词块，结合词形转变表系统梳理词性变化，构建“输入-内化-应用”的完整知识体系。 亮点在于“梯度复现与多题型练习”设计，包含英汉互译、词形变换、短语填空等7类题型，从基础记忆到综合应用逐步提升语言能力，同时通过“词汇网络图”和“顽固词库”培养思维品质与学习能力，为教师实施单元词汇复习提供针对性强、操作性高的教学支持。

专题01 第一单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 7 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 1 Science and Scientists，共76词） 8 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 11 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The Doctor Who Saved London In the nineteenth century, London suffered from a very severe disease called cholera, which made patients frustrated and weak with diarrhoea and even dehydration. People were contradictory about the cause: some thought it came from the air, while others subscribe to the idea of dirty water. A young doctor wanted to solve the problem once and for all. He suspected that the infection came from the water pump, so he began to trace the germs and collect proof. He studied many households and marked every pump and water pump on a map. His careful work showed that the disease did not blame the air but the water, and this single piece of evidence changed the whole field of medicine. Cells, protein and even the virus that carried the disease. He used a microscope to observe them, and his thinking became the basis of a new science called epidemiology. He believed that a clear framework and a theoretical framework were necessary, and he wrote down every statistic with great care. After his intervention, the number of new cases began to decrease quickly, and many more people were saved thanks to his findings. His method was not raw guesswork but a pure and solid way of thinking, and it would transform the world of medicine for ever. His findings were so substantial that they became the initial step towards the modern vaccine. Handle every problem patiently. He built a strong link between science and public health, and his leadership inspired many young people. Even when a war breaks out suddenly and the city faces a dangerous missile attack, he stays calm and continues his work. His assistants worked day and night, and he put his best student in charge of the hospital while he was away. He believed that science could defend the nation, and his patriotic heart was as strong as a jet engine. He also studied aviation, aerospace and mechanical machines, and he often worked with a skilled mechanic in his spare time. He would cast a bright light on any shadow of doubt, and after the rain he would see a beautiful rainbow of hope. He would pour all his energy into his work, building a concrete future for medicine, just as a scientist studies plasma and the stars. Abstract concepts could change the world, and he always kept a steady heart. He was gifted with a brilliant mind, and his work on astronomy and the astronomer's telescope made him outstanding. Besides science, he loved reading about concepts of the universe, and his brilliant ideas were admired by all. Furthermore, he taught his students to trace every fault and to shift their views when new evidence came in. Above all, he told them that science was not about personal fame but about serving the people, and his vivid lessons left a deep impression on every young mind. Whenever a student comes down with a small illness, he visits them and says with a warm smile: "Never give up, and you will see the light." His vivid descriptions made every theory come alive, and his life became a shining example for all of us. He would tell his students that a virus could infect anyone if they were careless, so everyone should subscribe to the habit of washing hands and keeping clean. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 在十九世纪，伦敦遭受了一种非常严重(severe)的疾病——霍乱(cholera)的侵袭，这种病让病人因腹泻(diarrhoea)甚至脱水(dehydration)而懊恼(frustrated)、虚弱不堪。人们对病因的看法相互矛盾(contradictory)：有人认为它来自空气，另一些人则赞同(subscribe to)脏水的说法。一位年轻医生想要一劳永逸(once and for all)地解决这个问题。他怀疑(suspect)感染(infection)来自水泵，于是开始追踪(trace)病菌(germ)并收集证据(proof)。他调查了许多家庭(household)，在地图上标出每一台泵(pump)和水泵(water pump)。他细致的调查表明，这种疾病不应归咎于(blame)空气而应归咎于水，这一条证据改变了整个医学领域。 细胞(cell)、蛋白质(protein)，甚至携带疾病的病毒(virus)。他用显微镜(microscope)观察它们，他的思维(thinking)成为一门叫流行病学(epidemiology)的新科学的基础。他相信清晰的框架(framework)和理论框架(theoretical framework)必不可少，并极其仔细地记录每一组统计数字(statistic)。经过他的介入(intervention)，新增病例数迅速减少(decrease)，由于(thanks to)他的发现，更多的人得救了。他的方法不是原始的(raw)猜测，而是一种纯粹(pure)而可靠(solid)的思维方式，它将永远改变(transform)医学世界。他的发现(finding)如此重大(substantial)，成为迈向现代疫苗(vaccine)的最初(initial)一步。 耐心地处理(handle)每一个问题。他在科学与公共卫生之间建立了牢固的联系(link)，他的领导力(leadership)激励了许多年轻人。即使在战争爆发(break out)、城市面临危险导弹(missile)袭击时，他依然保持冷静，继续自己的工作。他的助手(assistant)们夜以继日地工作，他外出时让最优秀的学生主管(in charge of)医院。他相信科学能够保卫(defend)国家，他的爱国(patriotic)之心像喷气式飞机(jet)的引擎一样强大。他还研究航空(aviation)、航空航天工业(aerospace)和机械(mechanical)机器，闲暇时常与一位技艺高超的机械师(mechanic)一起工作。他会向任何怀疑的阴影(shadow)投射(cast)明亮的光，雨后他会看到希望的五彩彩虹(rainbow)。他会把全部精力倾注(pour)到工作中，为医学构筑坚实的未来(concrete)，就像科学家研究血浆(plasma)和星辰一样。 抽象的(abstract)概念能改变世界，他始终保持着稳定(steady)的心态。他天赋(gifted)异禀，在天文学(astronomy)、天文学家(astronomer)的望远镜(telescope)方面的研究使他卓著(outstanding)。除了(Besides)科学，他还热爱阅读关于宇宙概念(concept)的书籍，他的聪颖(brilliant)想法受到所有人的钦佩。此外(Furthermore)，他教导学生追溯每一个错误(fault)，当新证据出现时要转变(shift)观点。最重要的是(Above all)，他告诉他们科学不是为了个人名利，而是为了服务人民，他生动(vivid)的课堂给每个年轻心灵留下深刻印象。每当有学生染上(come down)小病时，他都会去看望他们，并微笑着说："永远不要放弃，你会看到光明。"他的生动描述让每一个理论都鲜活起来，他的一生成为我们所有人的光辉榜样。他常告诉学生，如果粗心大意，病毒可能感染(infect)任何人，所以每个人都应赞同(subscribe)勤洗手、保持居所整洁的理念。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 severe adj.严重的 severely (adv.) 严重地；severity (n.) 严重 2 infect vt.感染 infection (n.) 感染；infectious (adj.) 传染的 3 suspect vt.怀疑 suspicion (n.) 怀疑；suspicious (adj.) 可疑的 4 decrease v.减少 decreasing (adj.) 减少的；decreasingly (adv.) 逐渐减少地 5 transform vt.改变 transformation (n.) 转变；transformer (n.) 变形金刚 6 initial adj.最初的 initially (adv.) 起初；initiative (n.) 倡议 7 substantial adj.大量的 substance (n.) 物质；substantially (adv.) 大量地 8 multiple adj.多样的 multiply (vt.) 乘；倍增；multiplication (n.) 乘法 9 mechanical adj.机械的 mechanic (n.) 机械师；mechanics (n.) 力学；机械学 10 defend vt.保卫 defence (n.) 防御；defensive (adj.) 防御性的 11 steady adj.稳定的 steadily (adv.) 平稳地；steadiness (n.) 稳定 12 outstanding adj.杰出的 stand out 突出；outstandingly (adv.) 杰出地 13 brilliant adj.聪颖的 brilliance (n.) 光辉；brilliantly (adv.) 灿烂地 14 shift vt.转移 shiftless (adj.) 无志气的；shifting (adj.) 变动的 15 trace vt.追溯 traceable (adj.) 可追溯的；untraceable (adj.) 无法追踪的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 3 / 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. cholera → __________ 2. germ → __________ 3. proof → __________ 4. suspect → __________ 5. blame → __________ 6. link → __________ 7. pure → __________ 8. decrease → __________ 9. statistic → __________ 10. transform → __________ 11. microscope → __________ 12. virus → __________ 13. vaccine → __________ 14. framework → __________ 15. solid → __________ 16. trace → __________ 17. outstanding → __________ 18. gifted → __________ 19. steady → __________ 20. concept → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 霍乱 → __________ 2. 感染 → __________ 3. 怀疑 → __________ 4. 责怪 → __________ 5. 减少 → __________ 6. 显微镜 → __________ 7. 疫苗 → __________ 8. 追踪 → __________ 9. 杰出的 → __________ 10. 概念 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The terrible disease spread so quickly that the whole town became deeply __________ (frustrate) and very worried about the coming days. 2. The young doctor's quick and very careful __________ (suspect) of the dirty water source finally helped him find the true cause of the disease. 3. The new and modern medicine proved to be truly __________ (effect) in stopping the rapid spread of the terrible disease in the town. 4. After many years of hard research, the famous scientist's great __________ (transform) of medical science was widely praised by the whole world. 5. The young and clever doctor's __________ (origin) idea about the old water pump surprised all the very experienced professors at the meeting. 6. The very careful scientist's long and patient __________ (observe) of the tiny living cells finally led to a great and very important discovery. 7. The patient and careful scientist worked __________ (steady) in his small quiet laboratory, observing every tiny change of the cells. 8. His great __________ (brilliant) as a young and promising researcher was finally recognised by the very famous university in the city. 9. The local government's quick and very wise __________ (intervene) saved thousands of poor people from the terrible and dangerous disaster. 10. The famous scientist made a very clear and firm __________ (conclude) after a whole long year of careful and repeated experiments. 题型3：短语填空（8题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： once and for all；subscribe to；thanks to；break out；come down；in charge of；above all；water pump 1. The young doctor decided to solve the water problem __________ and give the town clean water at last. 2. Many scientists __________ the idea that the disease was carried by the dirty water. 3. __________ the doctor's careful research, thousands of lives were saved in the city. 4. A terrible disease __________ in the small town, and many families had to move away quickly. 5. When a child __________ with a cold, the kind doctor would always visit him in person. 6. He put his best student __________ the laboratory while he was away on business. 7. __________, a scientist should be honest and patient with every experiment. 8. The old __________ in the town centre was replaced by a modern one after the outbreak. 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 一位年轻医生怀疑霍乱来自水泵，他决心一劳永逸地找到感染的确切证据。 A young doctor __________ that the cholera came from the __________, and he decided to find the exact __________ of the infection __________. 2. 多亏他的介入，病例数量迅速减少，市民们终于喝上了纯净水。 __________ his __________, the number of new cases __________ quickly, and the citizens in the town finally drank the __________ water. 3. 科学家用显微镜观察细胞和病毒，他的思维成为流行病学新理论的基础。 The scientist used a __________ to observe the __________ and the __________, and his __________ became the basis of the new theory of epidemiology. 4. 战争爆发后，这位爱国科学家主管医院，努力保卫国家的健康防线。 After the war __________, the __________ scientist was __________ the hospital and tried his best to __________ the nation's health. 5. 他杰出的领导力鼓舞了年轻助手们，他们把全部精力倾注于稳定而深入的研究。 His __________ inspired the young busy __________, and they __________ all their energy into the __________ and deep scientific research. 6. 这位天资聪颖的天文学家用望远镜观察星空，他的抽象概念改变了人们对宇宙的理解。 The __________ astronomer used a __________ to observe the stars, and his __________ concepts changed people's understanding of the __________. 7. 此外，他教导学生不要忽视任何一个小错误，因为细微之处常常隐藏着重大发现。 __________, he taught his students never to __________ any small __________, because great new __________ often hide in the details. 8. 最重要的是，这位杰出研究者保持着稳定的心态，像往常一样处理每一个棘手问题。 __________, the __________ researcher of the city always kept a __________ mind and __________ every difficult new problem as usual. 9. 他不仅研究航空和机械科学，还常常与机械师一起讨论飞机引擎的构造。 __________ aviation and __________ science, he often discussed the structure of the jet __________ with a very skilled young __________. 10. 每当学生染上小病，他都会去看望他们，并微笑着说：永远不要放弃。 Whenever a student __________ __________ a small illness, he would visit them and say with a warm smile: Never give up and you will see the light. 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The doctor finally solved the water problem completely. → The doctor finally solved the water problem __________ __________ __________ __________. 2. Many scientists agreed with the idea that the disease came from dirty water. → Many scientists __________ __________ the idea that the disease came from dirty water. 3. Because of his careful research, thousands of lives were saved. → __________ __________ his careful research, thousands of lives were saved. 4. A terrible disease suddenly started in the small town. → A terrible disease __________ __________ in the small town. 5. The doctor looked after the patients with great care, and his kindness was the most important thing. → The doctor looked after the patients with great care, and __________ __________, his kindness was the most important thing. 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The doctors __________ (pump) clean water into every household in the town yesterday. 2. The scientist __________ (link) the disease to the dirty water after months of careful research. 3. The old mechanic __________ (handle) the machine with great skill and repaired it quickly. 4. Many people in the town __________ (come down) with the strange illness last winter. 5. The government is busy __________ (develop) a new vaccine to fight the virus. 6. The scientist spent hours observing the cells __________ (multiply) under the microscope. 7. The children __________ (pour) out of the classroom happily when the bell rang yesterday afternoon. 8. The water from the old well __________ (suspect) by the villagers to be dangerous. 9. The scientist's ideas about the stars __________ (shift) greatly after the new discovery. 10. Looking at the beautiful rainbow, the children __________ (pour) out of the classroom to enjoy the fresh air. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） In the summer of 1854, a terrible disease broke out in the crowded streets of London, and hundreds of families were struck by cholera within a few days. People were frustrated and frightened, and nobody knew where the infection came from. Some believed that the bad air carried the germs, while others suspected the water. A young doctor named John was determined to find the truth once and for all. He began to walk through every street, visiting each household and asking about their water supply. He drew a map of the area and marked every pump with a small dot, and very soon a strange pattern appeared on the paper: almost all the sick families used the same public pump in the centre of the town. He then collected statistic and looked for a clear link between the disease and the pump. He found that the families who drank the water from that pump suffered far more from diarrhoea and dehydration than the others. With the help of a local official, he asked the town to remove the handle of the pump, and the number of new cases began to decrease quickly. His intervention saved hundreds of lives, and the whole town was grateful thanks to his careful research. He later used a microscope to examine the water and discovered tiny cells that were not pure at all. He wrote down every finding in his notebook and built a clear framework of his theory. His work became the initial step towards modern epidemiology, and it changed the way people thought about viruses and germs for ever. He also developed vaccines against many diseases, and he never stopped learning. He was not only a scientist but also a true leader, and his leadership inspired the young doctors around him. He taught his assistants to be steady in their research and never to give up when the results were contradictory. He told them that even a small fault in the experiment could cause a big mistake, so they should always be careful and shift their views when new evidence appeared. Above all, he believed that science should serve the people, and he always reminded his students of this important principle. His vivid lessons made the difficult theory easy to understand, and his gifted students later became outstanding doctors themselves. While tracing the cause of the disease, he never forgot the suffering of the poor families. He would say that the real value of science was not in the laboratory but in the warm smile of a saved patient. Even today, his story reminds us that patience, honesty and courage are the most important qualities of a true scientist, and that every great discovery begins with a simple question about the world around us. 1. What did the young doctor find by marking every pump on his map? A. The sick families all lived far away from the town centre. B. Almost all the sick families used the same public pump in the centre of the town. C. The bad air carried the germs. D. The disease came from the food in the market. 2. What does the underlined word "cholera" in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. A kind of food. B. A kind of terrible disease. C. A kind of water pump. D. A kind of medicine. 3. What did the town do after the doctor found the link between the disease and the pump? A. They closed the whole town. B. They removed the handle of the pump. C. They moved all the families to the countryside. D. They stopped drinking water for a week. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How a young doctor found the cause of cholera and saved the town. B. The history of the water pump in London. C. How to use a microscope in the laboratory. D. Why the vaccine was invented in the nineteenth century. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Science and Scientists） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：infect / infection / infectious (1) The dirty water __________ (传染) the whole family, and they all fell ill last week. (2) The __________ (感染) spread quickly through the town, so the doctors worked day and night. (3) The __________ (传染的) disease made the whole city nervous and worried. 第2组：transform / transformation / transformer (1) The new medicine __________ (改变) the lives of thousands of patients in the area. (2) The __________ (转变) of medical science brought hope to many sick people. (3) Scientists are studying a special __________ (变压器) to improve the power supply in the hospital. 第3组：suspect / suspicion / suspicious (1) The doctor __________ (怀疑) that the water from the old well was not safe to drink. (2) The police had a strong __________ (怀疑) that the man knew the secret of the laboratory. (3) The __________ (可疑的) liquid in the bottle was sent to the lab for a careful test. 第4组：blame / fault / guilt (1) The manager would not __________ (责怪) the young assistant for the small mistake in the report. (2) The scientist said that the equipment failure was not anyone's __________ (过错). (3) The man felt deep __________ (内疚) for hiding the truth about the dangerous experiment. C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The patient farmer planted a new __________ (杂交的) rice variety in the field, and it produced much more grain than the old one. 2. The kind doctor decided to __________ (致力于) his whole long life to helping the very poor patients in the small village. 3. There is a serious __________ (短缺) of clean water in the dry area, so the government is building new wells. 4. The young and hard-working scientist had to __________ (解决) the very difficult problem of crop disease before the autumn harvest. 5. The whole dry country faced a very serious __________ (危机) when the water supply was suddenly cut off in the hot summer. 6. The wonderful new farming method helped to __________ (提高) the output of the rice field by almost thirty percent last year. 7. The patient scientist finally __________ (说服) all the local poor farmers to use the new and much better kind of fertilizer. 8. After many long years of very hard work, the young man finally __________ (获得) his dream of becoming a famous doctor. 9. The local government built a small new __________ (隧道) through the high mountain to connect the two quiet mountain villages. 10. The very careful farmers in the small village used much less __________ (化学的) fertilizer and turned to organic farming instead. 11. A balanced and healthy diet rich in __________ (营养) is very important for the happy growth and health of the children. 12. The wise local government took quick steps to __________ (缓解) the serious poverty of the farmers in the mountain area. 13. The wide and careful use of organic __________ (农药) substitutes helped keep the green crops safe and the rich soil clean. 14. Daily exercise and a good and well-balanced diet are really __________ (必要的) to keeping a strong and very healthy body. 15. We should always keep a very positive and open __________ (态度) towards the different difficulties in our daily life and study. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 1 Science and Scientists，共76词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 cholera n. 霍乱 2 severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的 3 diarrhoea n. 腹泻 4 dehydration n. 脱水 5 frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 6 once and for all 最终地；彻底地 7 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 8 infection n. 感染；传染 9 infect vt. 使感染；传染 10 germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 11 subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购 12 subscribe to 同意；赞同 13 proof n. 证据；证明；检验 14 multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 15 pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 16 water pump 水泵 17 household n. 一家人；家庭 18 suspect v.&n. 怀疑；疑有；犯罪嫌疑人 19 blame vt.&n. 把…归咎于；责怪；责备 20 handle n.&vt. 把手；拉手；处理；搬动 21 intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 22 link n.&vt. 联系；纽带；把…接起来 23 raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的 24 pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 25 substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的 26 decrease n.&v. 减少；降低；减少量；减少 27 thanks to 幸亏；由于 28 statistic n. [pl.]统计数字；统计资料 29 transform vt.&vi. 使改观；改变；转变 30 epidemiology n. 流行病学 31 microscope n. 显微镜 32 thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 33 protein n. 蛋白质 34 cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 35 virus n. 病毒 36 finding n. 发现；调查结果；判决 37 initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 38 vaccine n. 疫苗 39 framework n. 框架；结构 40 theoretical framework 理论框架 41 solid adj.&n. 可靠的；固体的；固体 42 cast vt. 投射；向…投以(视线等) 43 shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 44 rainbow n. 彩虹 45 pour vi. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 46 concrete n.&adj. 混凝土；混凝土制的 47 plasma n. 血浆 48 aerospace n. 航空航天工业 49 patriotic adj. 爱国的 50 mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 51 mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 52 break out (战争等)突然开始；爆发 53 aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 54 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 55 jet n. 喷气式飞机 56 assistant n. 助理；助手 57 in charge of 主管；掌管 58 missile n. 导弹 59 leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 60 trace vt.&n. 追溯；追踪；痕迹；遗迹 61 outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 62 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的 63 come down 患(病)；染上(小病) 64 abstract adj.&n. 抽象的；(文献等)摘要 65 steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 66 concept n. 概念；观念 67 astronomer n. 天文学家 68 astronomy n. 天文学 69 telescope n. 望远镜 70 besides prep.&adv. 除…外(还)；而且 71 brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 72 furthermore adv. 此外；再者 73 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 74 fault n. 弱点；过错 75 shift n.&vi.&vt. 改变；转换；转移 76 vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题01 第一单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 选择性必修二 Unit 1 Science and Scientists ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 3 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 11 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 1 Science and Scientists，共76词） 15 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 18 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The Doctor Who Saved London In the nineteenth century, London suffered from a very severe disease called cholera, which made patients frustrated and weak with diarrhoea and even dehydration. People were contradictory about the cause: some thought it came from the air, while others subscribe to the idea of dirty water. A young doctor wanted to solve the problem once and for all. He suspected that the infection came from the water pump, so he began to trace the germs and collect proof. He studied many households and marked every pump and water pump on a map. His careful work showed that the disease did not blame the air but the water, and this single piece of evidence changed the whole field of medicine. Cells, protein and even the virus that carried the disease. He used a microscope to observe them, and his thinking became the basis of a new science called epidemiology. He believed that a clear framework and a theoretical framework were necessary, and he wrote down every statistic with great care. After his intervention, the number of new cases began to decrease quickly, and many more people were saved thanks to his findings. His method was not raw guesswork but a pure and solid way of thinking, and it would transform the world of medicine for ever. His findings were so substantial that they became the initial step towards the modern vaccine. Handle every problem patiently. He built a strong link between science and public health, and his leadership inspired many young people. Even when a war breaks out suddenly and the city faces a dangerous missile attack, he stays calm and continues his work. His assistants worked day and night, and he put his best student in charge of the hospital while he was away. He believed that science could defend the nation, and his patriotic heart was as strong as a jet engine. He also studied aviation, aerospace and mechanical machines, and he often worked with a skilled mechanic in his spare time. He would cast a bright light on any shadow of doubt, and after the rain he would see a beautiful rainbow of hope. He would pour all his energy into his work, building a concrete future for medicine, just as a scientist studies plasma and the stars. Abstract concepts could change the world, and he always kept a steady heart. He was gifted with a brilliant mind, and his work on astronomy and the astronomer's telescope made him outstanding. Besides science, he loved reading about concepts of the universe, and his brilliant ideas were admired by all. Furthermore, he taught his students to trace every fault and to shift their views when new evidence came in. Above all, he told them that science was not about personal fame but about serving the people, and his vivid lessons left a deep impression on every young mind. Whenever a student comes down with a small illness, he visits them and says with a warm smile: "Never give up, and you will see the light." His vivid descriptions made every theory come alive, and his life became a shining example for all of us. He would tell his students that a virus could infect anyone if they were careless, so everyone should subscribe to the habit of washing hands and keeping clean. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 在十九世纪，伦敦遭受了一种非常严重(severe)的疾病——霍乱(cholera)的侵袭，这种病让病人因腹泻(diarrhoea)甚至脱水(dehydration)而懊恼(frustrated)、虚弱不堪。人们对病因的看法相互矛盾(contradictory)：有人认为它来自空气，另一些人则赞同(subscribe to)脏水的说法。一位年轻医生想要一劳永逸(once and for all)地解决这个问题。他怀疑(suspect)感染(infection)来自水泵，于是开始追踪(trace)病菌(germ)并收集证据(proof)。他调查了许多家庭(household)，在地图上标出每一台泵(pump)和水泵(water pump)。他细致的调查表明，这种疾病不应归咎于(blame)空气而应归咎于水，这一条证据改变了整个医学领域。 细胞(cell)、蛋白质(protein)，甚至携带疾病的病毒(virus)。他用显微镜(microscope)观察它们，他的思维(thinking)成为一门叫流行病学(epidemiology)的新科学的基础。他相信清晰的框架(framework)和理论框架(theoretical framework)必不可少，并极其仔细地记录每一组统计数字(statistic)。经过他的介入(intervention)，新增病例数迅速减少(decrease)，由于(thanks to)他的发现，更多的人得救了。他的方法不是原始的(raw)猜测，而是一种纯粹(pure)而可靠(solid)的思维方式，它将永远改变(transform)医学世界。他的发现(finding)如此重大(substantial)，成为迈向现代疫苗(vaccine)的最初(initial)一步。 耐心地处理(handle)每一个问题。他在科学与公共卫生之间建立了牢固的联系(link)，他的领导力(leadership)激励了许多年轻人。即使在战争爆发(break out)、城市面临危险导弹(missile)袭击时，他依然保持冷静，继续自己的工作。他的助手(assistant)们夜以继日地工作，他外出时让最优秀的学生主管(in charge of)医院。他相信科学能够保卫(defend)国家，他的爱国(patriotic)之心像喷气式飞机(jet)的引擎一样强大。他还研究航空(aviation)、航空航天工业(aerospace)和机械(mechanical)机器，闲暇时常与一位技艺高超的机械师(mechanic)一起工作。他会向任何怀疑的阴影(shadow)投射(cast)明亮的光，雨后他会看到希望的五彩彩虹(rainbow)。他会把全部精力倾注(pour)到工作中，为医学构筑坚实的未来(concrete)，就像科学家研究血浆(plasma)和星辰一样。 抽象的(abstract)概念能改变世界，他始终保持着稳定(steady)的心态。他天赋(gifted)异禀，在天文学(astronomy)、天文学家(astronomer)的望远镜(telescope)方面的研究使他卓著(outstanding)。除了(Besides)科学，他还热爱阅读关于宇宙概念(concept)的书籍，他的聪颖(brilliant)想法受到所有人的钦佩。此外(Furthermore)，他教导学生追溯每一个错误(fault)，当新证据出现时要转变(shift)观点。最重要的是(Above all)，他告诉他们科学不是为了个人名利，而是为了服务人民，他生动(vivid)的课堂给每个年轻心灵留下深刻印象。每当有学生染上(come down)小病时，他都会去看望他们，并微笑着说："永远不要放弃，你会看到光明。"他的生动描述让每一个理论都鲜活起来，他的一生成为我们所有人的光辉榜样。他常告诉学生，如果粗心大意，病毒可能感染(infect)任何人，所以每个人都应赞同(subscribe)勤洗手、保持居所整洁的理念。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 severe adj.严重的 severely (adv.) 严重地；severity (n.) 严重 2 infect vt.感染 infection (n.) 感染；infectious (adj.) 传染的 3 suspect vt.怀疑 suspicion (n.) 怀疑；suspicious (adj.) 可疑的 4 decrease v.减少 decreasing (adj.) 减少的；decreasingly (adv.) 逐渐减少地 5 transform vt.改变 transformation (n.) 转变；transformer (n.) 变形金刚 6 initial adj.最初的 initially (adv.) 起初；initiative (n.) 倡议 7 substantial adj.大量的 substance (n.) 物质；substantially (adv.) 大量地 8 multiple adj.多样的 multiply (vt.) 乘；倍增；multiplication (n.) 乘法 9 mechanical adj.机械的 mechanic (n.) 机械师；mechanics (n.) 力学；机械学 10 defend vt.保卫 defence (n.) 防御；defensive (adj.) 防御性的 11 steady adj.稳定的 steadily (adv.) 平稳地；steadiness (n.) 稳定 12 outstanding adj.杰出的 stand out 突出；outstandingly (adv.) 杰出地 13 brilliant adj.聪颖的 brilliance (n.) 光辉；brilliantly (adv.) 灿烂地 14 shift vt.转移 shiftless (adj.) 无志气的；shifting (adj.) 变动的 15 trace vt.追溯 traceable (adj.) 可追溯的；untraceable (adj.) 无法追踪的 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 10 / 18 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. cholera → __________ 2. germ → __________ 3. proof → __________ 4. suspect → __________ 5. blame → __________ 6. link → __________ 7. pure → __________ 8. decrease → __________ 9. statistic → __________ 10. transform → __________ 11. microscope → __________ 12. virus → __________ 13. vaccine → __________ 14. framework → __________ 15. solid → __________ 16. trace → __________ 17. outstanding → __________ 18. gifted → __________ 19. steady → __________ 20. concept → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 霍乱 → __________ 2. 感染 → __________ 3. 怀疑 → __________ 4. 责怪 → __________ 5. 减少 → __________ 6. 显微镜 → __________ 7. 疫苗 → __________ 8. 追踪 → __________ 9. 杰出的 → __________ 10. 概念 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. cholera — 霍乱 2. germ — 病菌 3. proof — 证据 4. suspect — 怀疑 5. blame — 责怪 6. link — 联系 7. pure — 纯净的 8. decrease — 减少 9. statistic — 统计数字 10. transform — 使改变 11. microscope — 显微镜 12. virus — 病毒 13. vaccine — 疫苗 14. framework — 框架 15. solid — 可靠的 16. trace — 追溯 17. outstanding — 杰出的 18. gifted — 有天赋的 19. steady — 稳定的 20. concept — 概念 子题B（中译英）： 1. cholera 2. infection 3. suspect 4. blame 5. decrease 6. microscope 7. vaccine 8. trace 9. outstanding 10. concept 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The terrible disease spread so quickly that the whole town became deeply __________ (frustrate) and very worried about the coming days. 答案： frustrated 解析：句意： 疾病传播得如此之快，整个小镇都变得沮丧而担忧；frustrate 的形容词 frustrated 表示"沮丧的"，修饰人。 2. The young doctor's quick and very careful __________ (suspect) of the dirty water source finally helped him find the true cause of the disease. 答案： suspicion 解析：句意： 医生对水源迅速而仔细的怀疑终于帮助他找到了真正的原因；suspect 的名词 suspicion 表示"怀疑；嫌疑"，作宾语。 3. The new and modern medicine proved to be truly __________ (effect) in stopping the rapid spread of the terrible disease in the town. 答案： effective 解析：句意： 新药被证明在阻止这种可怕疾病传播方面很有效；effect 的形容词 effective 表示"有效的"，作表语。 4. After many years of hard research, the famous scientist's great __________ (transform) of medical science was widely praised by the whole world. 答案： transformation 解析：句意： 经过多年研究，这位科学家对医学科学的巨大变革受到了全世界的赞扬；transform 的名词 transformation 表示"转变；变革"，作主语。 5. The young and clever doctor's __________ (origin) idea about the old water pump surprised all the very experienced professors at the meeting. 答案： original 解析：句意： 这位年轻医生关于水泵的独创想法让所有经验丰富的教授都感到惊讶；origin 的形容词 original 表示"独创的；最初的"，修饰 idea。 6. The very careful scientist's long and patient __________ (observe) of the tiny living cells finally led to a great and very important discovery. 答案： observation 解析：句意： 这位非常细心的科学家对微小活细胞长期耐心的观察最终带来了重大发现；observe 的名词 observation 表示"观察"，作主语。 7. The patient and careful scientist worked __________ (steady) in his small quiet laboratory, observing every tiny change of the cells. 答案： steadily 解析：句意： 科学家在他的小实验室里平稳地工作，观察细胞的每一个微小变化；steady 的副词 steadily 表示"平稳地"，修饰 worked。 8. His great __________ (brilliant) as a young and promising researcher was finally recognised by the very famous university in the city. 答案： brilliance 解析：句意： 他作为年轻研究者的才华终于得到了那所著名大学的认可；brilliant 的名词 brilliance 表示"才华；光辉"，作主语。 9. The local government's quick and very wise __________ (intervene) saved thousands of poor people from the terrible and dangerous disaster. 答案： intervention 解析：句意： 政府的迅速介入使成千上万的人免于这场可怕的灾难；intervene 的名词 intervention 表示"介入；干预"，作主语。 10. The famous scientist made a very clear and firm __________ (conclude) after a whole long year of careful and repeated experiments. 答案： conclusion 解析：句意： 经过整整一年仔细的实验，这位科学家得出了一个非常明确的结论；conclude 的名词 conclusion 表示"结论"，make a conclusion 为搭配。 题型3：短语填空（8题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： once and for all；subscribe to；thanks to；break out；come down；in charge of；above all；water pump 1. The young doctor decided to solve the water problem __________ and give the town clean water at last. 答案： once and for all 解析：句意： 这位年轻医生决定一劳永逸地解决水质问题，让小镇终于喝上干净的水；once and for all 表示"最终地；彻底地"。 2. Many scientists __________ the idea that the disease was carried by the dirty water. 答案： subscribed to 解析：句意： 许多科学家赞同疾病是由脏水传播的观点；subscribe to 表示"同意；赞同"，过去式 subscribed to。 3. __________ the doctor's careful research, thousands of lives were saved in the city. 答案： Thanks to 解析：句意： 多亏了医生的仔细研究，城市里成千上万的生命得救了；thanks to 表示"幸亏；由于"。 4. A terrible disease __________ in the small town, and many families had to move away quickly. 答案： broke out 解析：句意： 一场可怕的疾病在小镇爆发，许多家庭不得不迅速搬走；break out 表示"（战争、疾病等）突然爆发"，过去式 broke out。 5. When a child __________ with a cold, the kind doctor would always visit him in person. 答案： came down 解析：句意： 每当有孩子染上感冒，这位善良的医生总会亲自去探望；come down 表示"患（病）"，come down with 搭配，过去式 came down。 6. He put his best student __________ the laboratory while he was away on business. 答案： in charge of 解析：句意： 他出差期间让最优秀的学生主管实验室；in charge of 表示"主管；掌管"。 7. __________, a scientist should be honest and patient with every experiment. 答案： Above all 解析：句意： 最重要的是，科学家应对每一次实验诚实而耐心；above all 表示"最重要的是；尤其是"。 8. The old __________ in the town centre was replaced by a modern one after the outbreak. 答案： water pump 解析：句意： 爆发之后，镇中心的旧水泵被换成了现代化的新水泵；water pump 表示"水泵"。 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 一位年轻医生怀疑霍乱来自水泵，他决心一劳永逸地找到感染的确切证据。 A young doctor __________ that the cholera came from the __________, and he decided to find the exact __________ of the infection __________. 答案： suspected / water pump / proof / once and for all 解析：句意： 一位年轻医生怀疑霍乱来自水泵，他决心一劳永逸地找到感染的确切证据；suspect 表示"怀疑"，过去式 suspected；water pump 表示"水泵"；proof 表示"证据"；once and for all 表示"一劳永逸"。 2. 多亏他的介入，病例数量迅速减少，市民们终于喝上了纯净水。 __________ his __________, the number of new cases __________ quickly, and the citizens in the town finally drank the __________ water. 答案： Thanks to / intervention / decreased / pure 解析：句意： 多亏他的介入，病例数量迅速减少，市民们终于喝上了纯净水；thanks to 表示"多亏"；intervention 表示"介入"；decrease 表示"减少"，过去式 decreased；pure 表示"纯净的"。 3. 科学家用显微镜观察细胞和病毒，他的思维成为流行病学新理论的基础。 The scientist used a __________ to observe the __________ and the __________, and his __________ became the basis of the new theory of epidemiology. 答案： microscope / cells / virus / thinking 解析：句意： 科学家用显微镜观察细胞和病毒，他的思维成为流行病学新理论的基础；microscope 表示"显微镜"；cell 表示"细胞"；virus 表示"病毒"；thinking 表示"思维；思想"。 4. 战争爆发后，这位爱国科学家主管医院，努力保卫国家的健康防线。 After the war __________, the __________ scientist was __________ the hospital and tried his best to __________ the nation's health. 答案： broke out / patriotic / in charge of / defend 解析：句意： 战争爆发后，这位爱国科学家主管医院，努力保卫国家的健康防线；break out 表示"爆发"，过去式 broke out；patriotic 表示"爱国的"；in charge of 表示"主管"；defend 表示"保卫"。 5. 他杰出的领导力鼓舞了年轻助手们，他们把全部精力倾注于稳定而深入的研究。 His __________ inspired the young busy __________, and they __________ all their energy into the __________ and deep scientific research. 答案： outstanding leadership / assistants / poured / steady 解析：句意： 他杰出的领导力鼓舞了年轻助手们，他们把全部精力倾注于稳定而深入的研究；outstanding 表示"杰出的"；leadership 表示"领导力"；assistant 表示"助手"；pour 表示"倾注"，过去式 poured；steady 表示"稳定的"。 6. 这位天资聪颖的天文学家用望远镜观察星空，他的抽象概念改变了人们对宇宙的理解。 The __________ astronomer used a __________ to observe the stars, and his __________ concepts changed people's understanding of the __________. 答案： gifted / telescope / abstract / universe 解析：句意： 这位天资聪颖的天文学家用望远镜观察星空，他的抽象概念改变了人们对宇宙的理解；gifted 表示"有天赋的"；telescope 表示"望远镜"；abstract 表示"抽象的"；universe 表示"宇宙"。 7. 此外，他教导学生不要忽视任何一个小错误，因为细微之处常常隐藏着重大发现。 __________, he taught his students never to __________ any small __________, because great new __________ often hide in the details. 答案： Furthermore / ignore / fault / findings 解析：句意： 此外，他教导学生不要忽视任何一个小错误，因为细微之处常常隐藏着重大发现；furthermore 表示"此外"；ignore 表示"忽视"；fault 表示"错误；过失"；finding 表示"发现"。 8. 最重要的是，这位杰出研究者保持着稳定的心态，像往常一样处理每一个棘手问题。 __________, the __________ researcher of the city always kept a __________ mind and __________ every difficult new problem as usual. 答案： Above all / outstanding / steady / handled 解析：句意： 最重要的是，这位杰出研究者保持着稳定的心态，像往常一样处理每一个棘手问题；above all 表示"最重要的是"；outstanding 表示"杰出的"；steady 表示"稳定的"；handle 表示"处理"，过去式 handled。 9. 他不仅研究航空和机械科学，还常常与机械师一起讨论飞机引擎的构造。 __________ aviation and __________ science, he often discussed the structure of the jet __________ with a very skilled young __________. 答案： Besides / mechanical / engine / mechanic 解析：句意： 他不仅研究航空和机械科学，还常常与机械师一起讨论飞机引擎的构造；besides 表示"除……之外（还）"；mechanical 表示"机械的"；engine 表示"引擎"；mechanic 表示"机械师"。 10. 每当学生染上小病，他都会去看望他们，并微笑着说：永远不要放弃。 Whenever a student __________ __________ a small illness, he would visit them and say with a warm smile: Never give up and you will see the light. 答案： came down with 解析：句意： 每当学生染上小病，他都会去看望他们，并微笑着说：永远不要放弃；come down 表示"患（病）"，come down with 搭配，过去式 came down。 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The doctor finally solved the water problem completely. → The doctor finally solved the water problem __________ __________ __________ __________. 答案： once and for all 解析：句意： 医生终于彻底解决了水质问题；once and for all 替换 completely，表示"彻底地；一劳永逸地"。 2. Many scientists agreed with the idea that the disease came from dirty water. → Many scientists __________ __________ the idea that the disease came from dirty water. 答案： subscribed to 解析：句意： 许多科学家赞同疾病来自脏水的观点；subscribe to 替换 agree with，表示"同意；赞同"，过去式 subscribed to。 3. Because of his careful research, thousands of lives were saved. → __________ __________ his careful research, thousands of lives were saved. 答案： Thanks to 解析：句意： 多亏了他仔细的研究，成千上万的生命得救了；thanks to 替换 because of，表示"幸亏；由于"。 4. A terrible disease suddenly started in the small town. → A terrible disease __________ __________ in the small town. 答案： broke out 解析：句意： 一场可怕的疾病突然在小镇爆发；break out 替换 suddenly start，表示"（战争、疾病等）突然爆发"，过去式 broke out。 5. The doctor looked after the patients with great care, and his kindness was the most important thing. → The doctor looked after the patients with great care, and __________ __________, his kindness was the most important thing. 答案： above all 解析：句意： 医生悉心照料病人，最重要的是，他的善良是最可贵的；above all 替换 the most important thing，表示"最重要的是"。 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The doctors __________ (pump) clean water into every household in the town yesterday. 答案： pumped 解析：句意： 昨天医生们把干净的水抽送到镇上每户人家；考查一般过去时。pump 的过去式为 pumped。 2. The scientist __________ (link) the disease to the dirty water after months of careful research. 答案： linked 解析：句意： 经过数月仔细研究，这位科学家把疾病与脏水联系了起来；考查一般过去时。link 的过去式为 linked。 3. The old mechanic __________ (handle) the machine with great skill and repaired it quickly. 答案： handled 解析：句意： 老机械师熟练地操作机器并很快修好了它；考查一般过去时。handle 的过去式为 handled。 4. Many people in the town __________ (come down) with the strange illness last winter. 答案： came down 解析：句意： 去年冬天，镇上许多人染上了这种奇怪的病；考查一般过去时。come down 的过去式为 came down。 5. The government is busy __________ (develop) a new vaccine to fight the virus. 答案： developing 解析：句意： 政府正忙于研发对抗这种病毒的新疫苗；考查非谓语。be busy doing sth.，develop 用动名词 developing。 6. The scientist spent hours observing the cells __________ (multiply) under the microscope. 答案： multiplying 解析：句意： 科学家花数小时观察细胞在显微镜下增殖；考查非谓语。observe sb./sth. doing 表示"观察到……正在做"，multiply 用现在分词 multiplying。 7. The children __________ (pour) out of the classroom happily when the bell rang yesterday afternoon. 答案： poured 解析：句意： 昨天下午铃响时，孩子们高兴地涌出教室；考查一般过去时。pour 此处表示"涌出"，过去式 poured。 8. The water from the old well __________ (suspect) by the villagers to be dangerous. 答案： was suspected 解析：句意： 村民们怀疑老井的水有危险；考查被动语态。be suspected to be 表示"被怀疑是"，主语为单数用 was suspected。 9. The scientist's ideas about the stars __________ (shift) greatly after the new discovery. 答案： shifted 解析：句意： 新发现之后，这位科学家关于星辰的观点发生了很大转变；考查一般过去时。shift 的过去式为 shifted。 10. Looking at the beautiful rainbow, the children __________ (pour) out of the classroom to enjoy the fresh air. 答案： poured 解析：句意： 看着美丽的彩虹，孩子们涌出教室享受新鲜空气；考查一般过去时。pour 此处表示"涌出"，过去式 poured。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） In the summer of 1854, a terrible disease broke out in the crowded streets of London, and hundreds of families were struck by cholera within a few days. People were frustrated and frightened, and nobody knew where the infection came from. Some believed that the bad air carried the germs, while others suspected the water. A young doctor named John was determined to find the truth once and for all. He began to walk through every street, visiting each household and asking about their water supply. He drew a map of the area and marked every pump with a small dot, and very soon a strange pattern appeared on the paper: almost all the sick families used the same public pump in the centre of the town. He then collected statistic and looked for a clear link between the disease and the pump. He found that the families who drank the water from that pump suffered far more from diarrhoea and dehydration than the others. With the help of a local official, he asked the town to remove the handle of the pump, and the number of new cases began to decrease quickly. His intervention saved hundreds of lives, and the whole town was grateful thanks to his careful research. He later used a microscope to examine the water and discovered tiny cells that were not pure at all. He wrote down every finding in his notebook and built a clear framework of his theory. His work became the initial step towards modern epidemiology, and it changed the way people thought about viruses and germs for ever. He also developed vaccines against many diseases, and he never stopped learning. He was not only a scientist but also a true leader, and his leadership inspired the young doctors around him. He taught his assistants to be steady in their research and never to give up when the results were contradictory. He told them that even a small fault in the experiment could cause a big mistake, so they should always be careful and shift their views when new evidence appeared. Above all, he believed that science should serve the people, and he always reminded his students of this important principle. His vivid lessons made the difficult theory easy to understand, and his gifted students later became outstanding doctors themselves. While tracing the cause of the disease, he never forgot the suffering of the poor families. He would say that the real value of science was not in the laboratory but in the warm smile of a saved patient. Even today, his story reminds us that patience, honesty and courage are the most important qualities of a true scientist, and that every great discovery begins with a simple question about the world around us. 1. What did the young doctor find by marking every pump on his map? A. The sick families all lived far away from the town centre. B. Almost all the sick families used the same public pump in the centre of the town. C. The bad air carried the germs. D. The disease came from the food in the market. 2. What does the underlined word "cholera" in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A. A kind of food. B. A kind of terrible disease. C. A kind of water pump. D. A kind of medicine. 3. What did the town do after the doctor found the link between the disease and the pump? A. They closed the whole town. B. They removed the handle of the pump. C. They moved all the families to the countryside. D. They stopped drinking water for a week. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How a young doctor found the cause of cholera and saved the town. B. The history of the water pump in London. C. How to use a microscope in the laboratory. D. Why the vaccine was invented in the nineteenth century. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第1段写道："almost all the sick families used the same public pump in the centre of the town"，与 B 项一致。 2. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。答案 B。原文第1段写道："hundreds of families were struck by cholera within a few days"，结合后文"infection""germs"等词可推断 cholera 是一种可怕的疾病（霍乱），与 B 项一致。 3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第2段写道："he asked the town to remove the handle of the pump, and the number of new cases began to decrease quickly"，与 B 项一致。 4. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。答案 A。全文讲述一位年轻医生通过调查水泵、收集数据、介入干预而找到霍乱病因并拯救小镇的故事，对应 A 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Science and Scientists） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 答案： 同义词 / 近义 decrease – reduce；suspect – doubt；trace – track；blame – fault 相关词 / 话题 cholera, germ, virus, infection, vaccine, microscope, epidemiology, pump, water 行为动词 infect, suspect, blame, handle, transform, decrease, defend, trace, shift, pour 描述词 severe, frustrated, contradictory, raw, pure, solid, steady, outstanding, gifted, brilliant, vivid, abstract 短语 / 搭配 once and for all, subscribe to, thanks to, break out, come down, in charge of, above all, water pump B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：infect / infection / infectious (1) The dirty water __________ (传染) the whole family, and they all fell ill last week. (2) The __________ (感染) spread quickly through the town, so the doctors worked day and night. (3) The __________ (传染的) disease made the whole city nervous and worried. 【第1组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： infected 解析：句意： 上周脏水传染了全家人，他们都病倒了；infect 为动词"使感染；传染"，过去式 infected。 (2) 答案： infection 解析：句意： 感染迅速传遍全镇，医生们夜以继日地工作；infection 为名词"感染；传染"，作主语。 (3) 答案： infectious 解析：句意： 这种传染病让整个城市紧张担忧；infectious 为形容词"传染的"，修饰 disease。 第2组：transform / transformation / transformer (1) The new medicine __________ (改变) the lives of thousands of patients in the area. (2) The __________ (转变) of medical science brought hope to many sick people. (3) Scientists are studying a special __________ (变压器) to improve the power supply in the hospital. 【第2组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： transformed 解析：句意： 这种新药改变了该地区成千上万病人的生活；transform 为动词"使改变；使改观"，过去式 transformed。 (2) 答案： transformation 解析：句意： 医学科学的转变为许多病人带来了希望；transformation 为名词"转变；变革"，作主语。 (3) 答案： transformer 解析：句意： 科学家们正在研究一种特殊变压器来改善医院的供电；transformer 为名词"变压器；变形金刚"，作宾语。 第3组：suspect / suspicion / suspicious (1) The doctor __________ (怀疑) that the water from the old well was not safe to drink. (2) The police had a strong __________ (怀疑) that the man knew the secret of the laboratory. (3) The __________ (可疑的) liquid in the bottle was sent to the lab for a careful test. 【第3组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： suspected 解析：句意： 医生怀疑老井里的水不宜饮用；suspect 为动词"怀疑"，过去式 suspected。 (2) 答案： suspicion 解析：句意： 警方强烈怀疑这个人知道实验室的秘密；suspicion 为名词"怀疑；嫌疑"，have a suspicion 为搭配。 (3) 答案： suspicious 解析：句意： 瓶子里可疑的液体被送到实验室进行仔细检测；suspicious 为形容词"可疑的"，修饰 liquid。 第4组：blame / fault / guilt (1) The manager would not __________ (责怪) the young assistant for the small mistake in the report. (2) The scientist said that the equipment failure was not anyone's __________ (过错). (3) The man felt deep __________ (内疚) for hiding the truth about the dangerous experiment. 【第4组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： blame 解析：句意： 经理不愿为报告中的小错误责怪这位年轻助手；blame 为动词"责怪；把……归咎于"，blame sb. for sth. 为搭配。 (2) 答案： fault 解析：句意： 科学家说设备故障不是任何人的过错；fault 为名词"过错；过失"，not one’s fault 为搭配。 (3) 答案： guilt 解析：句意： 这个男人因隐瞒危险实验的真相而深感内疚；guilt 为名词"内疚；罪责"，deep guilt 表示"深深的内疚"。 C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 选择性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The patient farmer planted a new __________ (杂交的) rice variety in the field, and it produced much more grain than the old one. 答案： hybrid 解析：句意： 农民种植了一种新的杂交水稻品种，产量比旧品种高得多；hybrid 表示"杂交的；杂交品种"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 2. The kind doctor decided to __________ (致力于) his whole long life to helping the very poor patients in the small village. 答案： devote 解析：句意： 医生决心把一生奉献给帮助村里的贫困病人；devote 表示"奉献；致力于"，devote ... to 为搭配，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 3. There is a serious __________ (短缺) of clean water in the dry area, so the government is building new wells. 答案： shortage 解析：句意： 干旱地区严重缺水，政府正在打新井；shortage 表示"短缺；不足"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 4. The young and hard-working scientist had to __________ (解决) the very difficult problem of crop disease before the autumn harvest. 答案： tackle 解析：句意： 这位年轻科学家必须在收获前解决作物病害的难题；tackle 表示"解决；应对"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 5. The whole dry country faced a very serious __________ (危机) when the water supply was suddenly cut off in the hot summer. 答案： crisis 解析：句意： 炎热的夏天供水中断时，全国面临严重危机；crisis 表示"危机"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 6. The wonderful new farming method helped to __________ (提高) the output of the rice field by almost thirty percent last year. 答案： boost 解析：句意： 新方法使稻田产量提高了将近百分之三十；boost 表示"提高；促进"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 7. The patient scientist finally __________ (说服) all the local poor farmers to use the new and much better kind of fertilizer. 答案： convinced 解析：句意： 科学家最终说服农民使用这种新肥料；convince 表示"说服"，过去式 convinced，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 8. After many long years of very hard work, the young man finally __________ (获得) his dream of becoming a famous doctor. 答案： attained 解析：句意： 经过多年努力，这位年轻人实现了成为一名名医的梦想；attain 表示"获得；达到"，过去式 attained，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 9. The local government built a small new __________ (隧道) through the high mountain to connect the two quiet mountain villages. 答案： tunnel 解析：句意： 当地政府在山中修建了一条小隧道，连接两个村庄；tunnel 表示"隧道"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 10. The very careful farmers in the small village used much less __________ (化学的) fertilizer and turned to organic farming instead. 答案： chemical 解析：句意： 农民们减少使用化学肥料，转而采用有机耕作；chemical 表示"化学的"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 11. A balanced and healthy diet rich in __________ (营养) is very important for the happy growth and health of the children. 答案： nutrition 解析：句意： 富含营养的均衡饮食对孩子们的健康非常重要；nutrition 表示"营养"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 12. The wise local government took quick steps to __________ (缓解) the serious poverty of the farmers in the mountain area. 答案： alleviate 解析：句意： 政府采取措施缓解山区农民的贫困；alleviate 表示"减轻；缓解"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 13. The wide and careful use of organic __________ (农药) substitutes helped keep the green crops safe and the rich soil clean. 答案： pesticide 解析：句意： 使用有机农药替代品有助于保证作物安全和土壤洁净；pesticide 表示"农药；杀虫剂"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 14. Daily exercise and a good and well-balanced diet are really __________ (必要的) to keeping a strong and very healthy body. 答案： essential 解析：句意： 锻炼和良好的饮食对保持强壮健康的身体必不可少；essential 表示"必要的；必不可少的"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 15. We should always keep a very positive and open __________ (态度) towards the different difficulties in our daily life and study. 答案： attitude 解析：句意： 我们应该始终对生活和学习中的困难保持积极态度；attitude 表示"态度"，为选择性必修一 U5 词汇。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 1 Science and Scientists，共76词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 cholera n. 霍乱 2 severe adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的 3 diarrhoea n. 腹泻 4 dehydration n. 脱水 5 frustrated adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 6 once and for all 最终地；彻底地 7 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 8 infection n. 感染；传染 9 infect vt. 使感染；传染 10 germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌 11 subscribe vi. 认购(股份)；定期订购 12 subscribe to 同意；赞同 13 proof n. 证据；证明；检验 14 multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 15 pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 16 water pump 水泵 17 household n. 一家人；家庭 18 suspect v.&n. 怀疑；疑有；犯罪嫌疑人 19 blame vt.&n. 把…归咎于；责怪；责备 20 handle n.&vt. 把手；拉手；处理；搬动 21 intervention n. 介入；出面；干涉 22 link n.&vt. 联系；纽带；把…接起来 23 raw adj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的 24 pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 25 substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的 26 decrease n.&v. 减少；降低；减少量；减少 27 thanks to 幸亏；由于 28 statistic n. [pl.]统计数字；统计资料 29 transform vt.&vi. 使改观；改变；转变 30 epidemiology n. 流行病学 31 microscope n. 显微镜 32 thinking n. 思想；思维；见解 33 protein n. 蛋白质 34 cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 35 virus n. 病毒 36 finding n. 发现；调查结果；判决 37 initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的 38 vaccine n. 疫苗 39 framework n. 框架；结构 40 theoretical framework 理论框架 41 solid adj.&n. 可靠的；固体的；固体 42 cast vt. 投射；向…投以(视线等) 43 shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 44 rainbow n. 彩虹 45 pour vi. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) 46 concrete n.&adj. 混凝土；混凝土制的 47 plasma n. 血浆 48 aerospace n. 航空航天工业 49 patriotic adj. 爱国的 50 mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的 51 mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工 52 break out (战争等)突然开始；爆发 53 aviation n. 航空制造业；航空；飞行 54 defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 55 jet n. 喷气式飞机 56 assistant n. 助理；助手 57 in charge of 主管；掌管 58 missile n. 导弹 59 leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 60 trace vt.&n. 追溯；追踪；痕迹；遗迹 61 outstanding adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 62 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的 63 come down 患(病)；染上(小病) 64 abstract adj.&n. 抽象的；(文献等)摘要 65 steady adj. 稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 66 concept n. 概念；观念 67 astronomer n. 天文学家 68 astronomy n. 天文学 69 telescope n. 望远镜 70 besides prep.&adv. 除…外(还)；而且 71 brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 72 furthermore adv. 此外；再者 73 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 74 fault n. 弱点；过错 75 shift n.&vi.&vt. 改变；转换；转移 76 vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $