Unit 2 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单围绕“Bridging Cultures”主题，系统梳理Reading and Thinking模块核心内容。从基础词汇（15个重点单词、10组单词变形、28个必备词块）到8个核心词汇的深度讲解（含词形变化、搭配、例句及即学即练），再到5个经典句式的结构分析与应用练习，最后通过5组词汇易混辨析、6个短语搭配及9个句型易错点解析，构建从积累到应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇-句式-易错点”为逻辑主线，核心词汇和句式配备“词形-搭配-例句-练习”四维训练，易混词通过对比分析培养思维品质，文化引言解读渗透跨文化意识，助力学生提升语言能力与自主学习能力，适合课堂教学与自主复习使用。

Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Reading and Thinking I am not the same, having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world. —Mary Anne Radmacher 译文：见过世界另一端的月光后，我已非昔日的我。 解读：当一个人真正走进异国、亲身看见“世界另一端的月光”时，所获得的不只是新鲜的见闻，更是对不同文化、他人与自我的重新认识；“月亮”本是人类共见的意象，却在“世界另一端”呈现出不同的生活经验，暗示文化虽有差异，人们仍能借理解、尊重和交流建立联系。因此，跨文化经历会促使人成长得更开放、包容和自信，也启示我们既要主动了解世界，也要珍视并分享本民族文化，成为沟通不同文化的“桥梁”。 一、重点单词 1. complex adj. 复杂的；难懂的；（语法）复合的 2. recall vt.& vi.记起；回想起 3. qualification n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 4. ambition n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负 5. adaptation n.适应；改编本 6. comfort n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt.安慰；抚慰 7. tutor n.(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师 8. acknowledge v．感谢；承认 9. cite vt.引用；引述 10. participation n.参加；参与 11. presentation n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出 12. engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣) 13. involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 14. messenger n.送信人；信使 15. edition n.(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次 二、重点单词变形 1. qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→qualification n．(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历→qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的 2. ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 3. adaptation n．适应；改编本→adapt v．适应；改编→adaptive adj. 适应性的；能适应变化的→adaptable adj.能适应的→adaptability n. 适应能力 4. comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.舒服的→comfortably adv. 舒服地；自在地→discomfort n. 不适；不安；不舒服→uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不自在的；令人尴尬的 5. participation n．参加；参与→participate vi.参加；参与→participant n. 参加者；参与者→participatory adj. 供大家参与的；鼓励参与的 6. presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出→present v．把……交给；颁发；提出；提交；展现；表现 7. engage v．参加；从事；吸引；雇用→engagement n．参与；订婚；约会；雇佣→disengage v. 脱离；使不再参与→engaged adj. 忙于；被占用的 8. involve v．包含；使参与；牵涉→involvement n．参与；卷入；牵连 9. messenger n．信使；送信人；通讯员→message n．信息；消息v．向……传送消息 10. edition n．版本；版次→edit v．编辑；校订→editor n．编辑 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. build a bridge架起桥梁 2. say goodbye to向……告别 3. board a plane登上飞机 4. get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 5. set up建立；创办 6. adapt to适应 7. get used to习惯于(to是介词) 8. get lost迷路 9. ask sb for help向某人寻求帮助 10. be familiar with sb/sth对某人/某物很熟悉 11. be keen to do sth想要做某事；渴望做某事 12. take turns to do sth轮流做某事 13. the academic requirements学术要求 14. advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事 15. in order to为了 16. at first首先；起初 17. speak up大声点说；明确表态 18. a great success一个巨大的成功 19. boost one’s confidence增强某人的信心 20. halfway through在……中间；在……中途 21. feel at home舒服自在；不拘束 22. as well as也；和 23. be fascinated by被……迷住 24. be eager to do sth渴望做某事 25. act as充当 26. wish sb all the best祝某人好运 27. participate in参加；参与 28. engage in (使)从事；参与 四、核心词汇 1. recall vt.& vi. 记起；回想起 vt. 收回；召回 原文：“I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei recalled. “我当时很兴奋，但也很紧张。我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。 常见搭配：recall doing sth. 记得做过某事 recall that ... 回想起…… recall sb. from / to ... 从……召回某人／召回某人到…… as sb recall(s) 据某人回忆 例句：I still recall the warmth in her voice, even after all these years have passed. 即使多年过去了，我仍记得她声音里的温暖。 【即学即练】 1. She recalled seeing (see) him outside the shop on the night of the robbery. 2. He recalled that she always came home late on Wednesdays. 3. Can you recall what happened last night? 4. The ambassador was recalled (recall) from abroad. 5. The foreign ministry recalled the diplomat to the capital after negotiations with the local authorities broke down. 2. qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的) 资格；学历 原文：Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year­long exchange programme. 谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。 词形变化：qualify v. 取得资格；使合格 qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的 常见搭配：educational qualifications 学历 meet the qualifications for... 符合……的资格要求 be qualified for ... 有……的资格；可胜任…… be qualified as ... 有担任……的资格 be qualified to do ... 能胜任做……；有资格做…… 例句：A professional qualification gave her the confidence and skills to apply for the challenging position. 一项职业资格证书给了她信心和技能，使她申请这个具有挑战性的职位。 【即学即练】 1. Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification (qualify) for this job. 2. She’s extremely well qualified (qualify) for the job. 3. I assume my qualifications for the job will be considered along with theirs. 4. Only trained staff are qualified to operate (operate) this equipment. 5. She is qualified as a nurse and has worked in a children’s hospital for years. 3. ambition n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负 原文：My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation ... 我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业…… 词形变化：ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有抱负的；宏大的 ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地；有抱负地 常见搭配：have an ambition to do/of doing sth 有做某事的愿望 achieve/ realize/ fulfill one’s ambition 实现某人的抱负 one’s ambition is to do sth 某人的理想是做某事 pursue one’s ambition 追求自己的理想 be ambitious for 对……抱有极大的期待 例句：Her lifelong ambition is to become a scientist and develop cleaner sources of energy. 她毕生的梦想是成为一名科学家，并开发更清洁的能源。 【即学即练】 1. Although disabled, he has always had an ambition to be (be) an astronaut. 2. We’ve launched an ambitious (ambition) plan to give every child the support they need in education. 3. The team will have to play more ambitiously (ambition) to win the tournament. 4. Parents should be ambitious for their children, but they should also respect their children’s interests and choices. 5. Although his ambition is to be (be) a scientist, he knows that success requires patience, hard work and curiosity. 6. The company has ambitions of expanding (expand) its business overseas. 4. adaptation n．适应；改编本 原文：Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，这有助于她适应异国文化。 词形变化：adapt v. 适应；使适应；改编 adaptable adj. 能适应的；适应性强的 adaptive adj. 适应性的；能适应变化的 adaptability n. 适应能力 常见搭配：make an adaptation to ... 适应…… adapt to ... 适应…… adapt oneself to ... 使自己适应…… adapt ... for ... 把……改编成…… adapt ... from ... 由……改编…… 例句：Successful adaptation to change is an important skill in modern society. 成功适应变化是现代社会中一项重要的能力。 【即学即练】 1. Moving to a new city requires time, patience and adaptation (adapt) to a different way of life. 2. The students’ quick adaptation to online learning surprised their teachers. 3. It took him several months to adapt to life in another country. 4. It is said that the author is going to adapt his play for television. 5. We believe that he can adapt himself (him) to the new environment soon. 6. The film was adapted from a novel written by Lu Xun. 7. Animals develop adaptive (adapt) behaviors in order to survive in changing environments. 8. Students should become adaptable (adapt) and learn to deal with change confidently. 9. Adaptability (adapt) is one of the most important qualities for students in the modern world. 5. comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt. 安慰；抚慰 原文：“When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,” Xie Lei said. “有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。 词形变化：comfortable adj. 舒服的；舒适的；自在的 comfortably adv. 舒服地；自在地 discomfort n. 不适；不安；不舒服 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不自在的；令人尴尬的 常见搭配：vt. 安慰；抚慰 comfort sb：安慰某人 comfort sb with sth：用某物／某种方式安慰某人 n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 bring comfort to sb 给某人带来安慰 be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort 舒适地 comfort zone 舒适区 例句：Stepping out of our comfort zone can help us discover abilities that we did not know we had. 走出舒适区能帮助我们发现自己原本没有意识到的能力。 【即学即练】 1. The family does not live luxuriously, but they live comfortably (comfort). 2. She feels comfortable (comfort) speaking English in front of the class. 3. He felt uncomfortable (comfort) when he had to speak about his private life. 4. Sitting in the same position for too long may cause physical discomfort (comfort). 5. The teacher comforted him with kind words after the competition. 6. Her presence was a great comfort to me during a difficult time. 7. The room was warm, clean and designed for guests to relax in comfort. 6. participation n. 参加；参与 原文：Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. 此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。 词形变化：participant n. 参与者；参加者 participate v. 参加；参与 participatory adj. 供大家参与的；鼓励参与的 常见搭配：participate in sth/ doing sth 参加／参与某事 participate with sb in sth 与某人分担某事；同某人参与某事 例句：The success of the event depended on the active participation of every student. 活动的成功取决于每位学生的积极参与。 【即学即练】 1. The teacher used a participatory (participate) approach to make the class more interesting. 2. More and more students are willing to participate in volunteer work during their free time. 3. Each participant (participate) was asked to share one idea with the group 4. She participated with her classmates in the school’s volunteer program. 5. Students are encouraged to participate in protecting (protect) the environment by saving water and reducing waste. 6. Parents’ participation (participate) in school activities can help build a stronger connection between families and teachers. 7. engage vi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) 原文： “Engaging in British culture has helped,” she said. “融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说。 词形变化：engagement n. 参与；约定；订婚；交战 disengage v. 脱离；使不再参与 engaged adj. 忙于；被占用的 常见搭配：engage in sth / doing sth 参加；从事；参与做某事 engage oneself in (doing) sth 使某人从事某事；参加某事 be engaged in (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事 engage with sb/sth与某人交流；认真关注或探讨某事 engage sb’s attention / interest / imagination 吸引某人的注意力／兴趣／想象力 engage sb to do sth雇用／聘请某人做某事 be engaged to sb与某人订婚 例句：We should actively engage in meaningful activities, because real growth often comes from communicating with others and facing challenges in practice. 我们应积极参与有意义的活动，因为真正的成长常常来自与他人交流以及在实践中面对挑战。 【即学即练】 1. The teacher tried to engage every student in the group discussion. 2. The company engaged an engineer to design (design) the new system. 3. She is actively engaged in preparing (prepare) for the school art festival. 4. Reading helps us engage with the thoughts and experiences of people from different backgrounds. 5. They have been engaged (engage) for two years and plan to get married next summer. 6. The project aims to increase students’ engagement (engage) in community service. 7. Students should engage themselves (they) in meaningful activities after class. 8. involve vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 原文：As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities. 努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。 词形变化：involvement n. 参与；介入；牵连 常见搭配：involve sb in sth 使某人参加/参与某事 involve doing sth 包含做某事 be/get involved in sth / doing sth 参与；与……有关；卷入 例句：Meaningful learning involves not only gaining knowledge from books, but also applying what we have learned to real-life situations. 有意义的学习不仅涉及从书本中获取知识，也涉及把所学应用到现实生活中 【即学即练】 1. Organizing a school event involves making (make) plans and working as a team. 2. The teacher tried to involve every student in the class discussion. 3. She has been actively involved in environmental protection activities for years. 4. Parents’ involvement (involve) in school activities can support children’s development. 5. Taking part in volunteer work involves (involve) giving time and energy to help people in need. 6. There are more than 30 software companies involved (involve) in the project. 五、经典句式 1. This/ It/ That was the first/ ... time (that) sb had done ... “这是某人第一/……次做……” 原文：It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 分析：This / It / That was the first / second / last time (that) sb had done sth 用于回顾过去的某次经历，意为“这是／那是某人第一／第二／最后一次做某事”。主句用was，说明说话人把“第几次”这一判断放在过去；从句用had done，表示该动作发生在那个过去时间点之前，因此要用过去完成时。that在口语和写作中都可以省略，first还可替换为second、third、last、only 等。这个句式要和现在时结构区分：说“到现在为止第一次做某事”用 This is the first time sb has/have done sth，而回忆过去时则用 was the first time sb had done sth。 拓展：(1)“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/... time (that)＋过去完成时的句子”表示“那/这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。 (2)“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/... time (that)＋现在完成时的句子”表示“那/这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。 (3) It is (about/high) time (that) ... should do sth/did sth表示“到了做某事的时间了”，相当于It is time (for sb) to do sth。 例句：It was the first time that he had driven an electric car and so he went very nervily and slowly down the street. 那是他第一次驾驶电动汽车，所以他沿街开得既紧张又缓慢。 【即学即练】 1. It was the first time that I had taken (take) part in volunteer work on my own. 2. That was (be) the second time she had visited the Great Wall. 3. It is about time that students paid / should pay (pay) more attention to their physical health. 4. This is the first time that I have read (read) such an inspiring book. 5. It is time for us to develop (develop) good learning habits. 6. 那是他第一次意识到团队合作的重要性。 It was the first time that he had realized the importance of teamwork. 2. “疑问词＋不定式”结构 原文：I didn’t know what to expect. 我不知道会发生什么。 分析：“疑问词＋不定式”结构由what、which、who、where、when、how等疑问词加 to do 构成，用来表达“该做什么、该如何做、去哪里做、何时做、选择哪一个”等含有疑问意义但不构成直接问句的内容；它本质上相当于一个简化的间接疑问结构，在句中通常作宾语、表语或宾语补足语。疑问词保留原有的意义，to do表示尚未实施、需要决定或安排的动作；其中how后还可接形容词或副词，如表示“如何做到某种程度”。一般不用 why＋to do，因为why通常用于询问原因，而这一结构主要表示对行动方式、对象、地点、时间或选择的疑问。 例句：When facing difficulties, we should learn how to stay calm and solve problems step by step. 面对困难时，我们应学会如何保持冷静，并一步步解决问题。 【即学即练】 1. I didn’t know what to expect (expect) before I joined the volunteer activity. 2. The guide told the visitors which bus to take (take) to the museum. 3. Students should learn how to deal (deal) with pressure in a healthy way. 4. 这位志愿者告诉游客去哪里获得有关这座城市的更多信息。 The volunteer told the visitors where to get more information about the city. 5. 这次经历让我明白了如何与来自不同文化背景的人交流。 This experience taught me how to communicate with people from different cultural backgrounds. 3. the first time (that) ... 在句中作状语 “第一次……” 原文：The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点，就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！ 分析：the first time (that) … 在句中作时间状语时，整体表示“当……第一次发生时”或“在……的第一次”，用来限定主句动作发生的时间；其中 the first time 是核心时间名词短语，后面的 (that) + 从句 说明“第一次”的具体内容，that在这种结构中通常可以省略。它所表达的是一次特定的时间点，因此不同于for the first time（“首次”）这类普通时间状语；同时也应与This/It is the first time (that) … 区分，后者的the first time 通常是系动词后的表语成分，而不是状语。 拓展：在句中作时间状语的词汇有：the first time、every time、each time、any time、last time、next time、instantly、immediately、directly、the moment等。 例句：The first time she spoke on stage, her voice trembled, but her eyes were full of light. 她第一次站上舞台发言时，声音微微颤抖，眼里却盛满光亮。 【即学即练】 1. The first time she gave (give) a speech in public, she felt extremely nervous. 2. The first time they arrived at the village, they were (be) amazed by the peaceful scenery. 3. ________ I saw the old photo, I remembered the happy days I spent with my grandparents. B A. For the first time B. The first time C. At first D. First time 4. 我第一次参加英语演讲比赛时，紧张得几乎说不出话来。 The first time I took part in an English speech contest, I was so nervous that I could hardly speak. 5. 每次我遇到困难，我都会想起老师鼓励我的话。 Every time I meet difficulties, I think of the words my teacher used to encourage me. 4. have no idea＋从句 “完全不知道……”“一点儿也不清楚……” 原文：At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 分析：have no idea + 从句 表示说话者对某事“完全不知道”或“一点儿也不清楚”，语气通常比don’t know 更强；其中have no idea是固定表达，后面可接由what、who、when、where、why、how、whether/if等引导的宾语从句，说明“不知道”的具体内容，也可接that从句，表示对某一事实毫不知情或感到意外。需要注意的是，从句要用陈述语序；若主句用过去式had no idea，则表示“当时完全不知道”。 例句：I had no idea that a simple act of kindness could brighten someone’s whole day. 我完全不知道，一个小小的善举竟能照亮一个人一整天的心情。 【即学即练】 1. The students had no idea how to solve the problem until their teacher gave them a hint. 2. They had no idea whether the news was true or not. 3. We have no idea why he refused the invitation. 4. She had no idea ________ she should choose, the red dress or the blue one. B A. what B. which C. where D. that 5. 令我惊讶的是，她完全不知道自己的鼓励对我有多么重要。 To my surprise, she had no idea how important her encouragement was to me. 6. 她一点儿也不知道父母为她的梦想付出了多少。 She has no idea how much her parents have done for her dream. 5. 主语从句＋was that … “……的是……” 原文：At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 分析：主语从句 + was that … 是一种“从句作主语、that 从句作表语”的结构，常用来对某个事实、现象或感受作解释、说明或强调，整体可译为“……的是……”或“令某人……的是……”。前面的主语从句常由 what、why、how、whether 等连接词引导，如What surprised her；其中 what 在从句中兼作连接词和句子成分。后面的that从句 具体说明前面所指的内容，that 只起连接作用，不在从句中充当成分；这种“what 从句 + be + 补足语”的形式也常被视为一种强调结构。 例句：What touched us deeply was that the little boy saved his pocket money to help children in need. 深深打动我们的是，这个小男孩把自己的零花钱攒下来帮助有需要的孩子。 【即学即练】 1. What matters most is that we should keep moving forward even when life is difficult. 2. What made her happy was that she was accepted by her dream university. 3. What amazed everyone was that the young scientist solved (solve) the problem in such a short time. 4. 令大家印象深刻的是，这位年轻人面对困难时始终保持乐观。 What impressed everyone was that the young man always remained optimistic when facing difficulties. 5. 真正重要的是，我们要从失败中吸取教训。 What really matters is that we should learn lessons from failure. 一、词汇易混辨析 1. complex/ difficult/ complicated complex：强调事物本身由许多部分、因素或关系构成，而且这些部分彼此联系、相互影响，侧重“结构复杂、关系交织”。它常用于较客观、正式的语境，如系统、理论、问题、关系、过程等。complex不一定表示“很难”，而是强调“组成和关系较多”。 difficult：强调某事对人来说“不容易做、不容易理解、不容易处理”，侧重“难度大”。它的使用范围最广，可以修饰题目、任务、决定、处境、时期、谈话等。一个事物即使结构并不复杂，也可能因为需要较多知识、技巧或努力而很difficult。 complicated：也表示“复杂”，但更强调事情有很多步骤、细节、规则或因素，因此显得繁琐、麻烦或不容易弄清楚。它常带有“复杂得让人头疼”的意味，语气通常比complex更偏负面；可用于程序、说明、规则、关系、情况等。 易错点一：不要把“结构复杂”一律理解为“难” 当强调事物内部有许多相互联系的部分或因素时，优先使用 complex；difficult 更强调人们理解、完成或处理它时感到困难。 ✅ The report describes a complex relationship between climate and migration. ⚠ The report describes a difficult relationship between climate and migration. 说明：这句话语法上没有错，但difficult relationship更容易让人理解为“难以处理或难以理解的关系”。原句若强调两者之间存在多层、交织的客观联系，使用complex relationship更准确、更自然。 易错点二：不要忽略complicated的“繁琐、麻烦”意味 当强调流程、规定或说明有太多步骤和细节时，complicated往往比complex或difficult更贴切，因为它突出“程序繁琐”。 ✅ The application process is complicated because it requires several forms and approvals. ⚠ The application process is difficult because it requires several forms and approvals. 说明：这句话同样没有语法错误，difficult可以表示“申请过程不容易”；但句中原因是“表格多、审批多”，重点在步骤繁琐，因此complicated更能体现原意。 易错点三：不要把difficult和complicated完全等同 difficult主要强调任务本身有难度；complicated主要强调步骤、条件或因素多。一个问题可以很难，但解法并不复杂；也可以过程繁琐，却未必特别难。 ✅ The final question was difficult, but the solution was simple. ⚠ The final question was complicated, but the solution was simple. 说明：后一句并非一定错误；若题目本身包含许多条件、步骤或信息，可以用complicated。但如果只是强调“题目需要较强的思考能力”，使用difficult 更自然。 2. recall/ remember recall和remember都可表示“记起；回忆起”，但侧重点不同。remember是最常用、最广泛的词，既可表示“记得过去的事”，也可表示“记住并去做某事”；recall较正式，强调经过思考后“从记忆中回想起”某人、某事或某段经历，常用于较书面、正式的语境。表示一般的“记得”时，两者常可互换；但表示“记得要做某事”时，通常只能用remember to do，不能用recall to do。 易错点一：表示“记得去做某事”时误用recall。 remember to do sth. 表示“记得去做某事”，动作通常还没有完成；recall 后一般不接不定式表示“记得去做”。 ✅ Please remember to lock the door before leaving. ❌ Please recall to lock the door before leaving. 错误理由： recall 不能表示“记得去做某事”，这里应使用 remember to lock。 易错点二：不要把recall只理解为“记得”。 当强调“努力从脑海中回想起过去的信息或经历”时，recall比remember更正式，也更能突出“回忆”的过程；不过remember在日常表达中同样正确、更常用。 ✅ I recalled the teacher’s advice before making my decision. 作决定前，我想起了老师的建议。 ✅ I remembered the teacher’s advice before making my decision. 作决定前，我记起了老师的建议。 说明： 两句都正确。recalled更正式，强调“回想起”；remembered更自然、常用于日常交流。 补充： remember doing sth.：记得做过某事。 remember to do sth.：记得去做某事。 recall doing sth.：回忆起做过某事，较正式。 recall sth. / recall that…：回想起某事／记得某一事实。 3. ambition/ aspiration/ dream/ goal ambition：强调“抱负、雄心”，通常指希望在事业、学业或人生中取得较大成就的强烈愿望，往往带有长期性和进取心。常用搭配有have the ambition to do sth.、achieve / fulfil one’s ambition。 aspiration：强调“志向、向往”，语气比 ambition 更正式、更积极，常指对教育、职业、社会理想等较高目标的追求；它不特别强调名利或竞争。常用搭配有have an aspiration to do sth.、aspirations for higher education。 dream：强调“梦想”，语气最个人化、最有感情色彩，既可指人生理想，也可指尚未具体规划的美好愿望。常用搭配有 dream of doing sth.、realize / achieve one’s dream。 goal：强调“目标”，通常指明确、具体、可执行或可衡量的结果，常与计划、步骤和时间安排有关。常用搭配有 set a goal、reach / achieve a goal。 记忆：dream是心中的梦想，ambition是推动自己成功的抱负，aspiration是较高尚或正式的志向，goal则是可以通过行动逐步实现的具体目标。它们的含义有重叠，实际使用时要看句子想突出“情感、抱负、理想”还是“具体计划”。 易错点一：表示具体、可衡量的目标时，不要误用 dream ✅ The team set a goal of reducing waste by 30 percent. ❌ The team set a dream of reducing waste by 30 percent. 错误理由：set a goal是固定且常用的搭配，表示制定一个明确、可执行的目标；dream表示“梦想”，通常不与set搭配。若使用dream，可说have a dream或realize a dream。 易错点二：不要把ambition和goal完全等同 ✅ His ambition is to become a scientist, and his short-term goal is to enter a good university. ❌ His goal is to become a scientist, and his ambition is to enter a good university. 错误理由：后一句并非语法错误，但词义重点容易颠倒：成为科学家通常是长期的抱负，进入一所好大学更像阶段性、可执行的目标。 易错点三：aspiration常用于较正式、较抽象的志向 ✅ Her aspiration is to provide better education for rural children. ❌ Her aspiration is to buy a new phone this summer. 错误理由：后一句语法没有问题，但语义不够自然。aspiration 常指较长期、较有价值或较正式的人生追求；买手机属于短期、具体的计划，更适合用goal或plan。 4. engage in sth/ take part in sth/ join sth/ participate in sth engage in sth：强调“从事、参与并投入某项活动”，常用于较正式的书面语，侧重持续性、主动性或认真投入的过程；常搭配讨论、研究、商业活动、志愿服务、体育活动等，如engage in discussion / research / volunteer work。 take part in sth：表示“参加某项具体活动、比赛、会议或讨论”，强调实际参与其中，是高中英语中最常用、最稳妥的表达之一；常用于学校活动、竞赛、运动会、演讲比赛等。 join sth：主要表示“加入某个组织、团体、队伍或俱乐部，成为其中一员”，后面直接接宾语，不用in，如 join the club / team / organization；也可表示“加入某人或某个正在进行的活动”，如join us。注意：join in 后面通常接活动，而不是组织。 participate in sth：表示“参加、参与”，含义与take part in 接近，但语气更正式，常用于通知、报道、申请材料或正式写作；它后面必须接in，如participate in the competition / activity。 易错点一：表示“加入组织、社团或队伍”时，不要误用join in ✅ She joined the school drama club last September. ❌ She joined in the school drama club last September. 错误理由：join +组织/团体 表示“加入并成为成员”，如join a club / team / organization。join in后面通常接某项活动，如join in the game，不能用于表示“加入社团或球队”。 易错点二：普通的具体活动中，不要随意把take part in换成 engage in ✅ Our class took part in the sports meeting yesterday.我们班昨天参加了运动会。 ⚠ Our class engaged in the sports meeting yesterday. 说明： 后一句语法上不一定完全错误，但不够自然。engage in更强调持续投入某项活动、工作或讨论，且语气较正式，常用于engage in research / discussion / volunteer work。对于一次具体的校园活动或比赛，take part in或participate in更自然。 易错点三：不要把join和take part in完全等同 ✅ He joined the basketball team and took part in several matches.他加入了篮球队，并参加了几场比赛。 ⚠ He took part in the basketball team and joined several matches. 说明：join the basketball team强调“加入球队，成为队员”；take part in several matches强调“参加比赛”。后一句前半部分搭配不自然，后半部分也不准确，因为join通常不直接表示“参加多场比赛”。 5. involve/ contain/ include involve：强调“涉及、需要、包含某种活动或参与者”，侧重某事在进行过程中所必需的内容、步骤或人员。常用于工作、项目、计划、问题、过程等，后面常接名词、代词或 doing sth.。 contain：强调“含有、装有、包含在内部”，侧重某物内部实际存在的成分、物品、信息或内容。常用于盒子、瓶子、文章、报告、书籍、食品、药物等。 include：强调“包括……在内”，侧重把某人或某物列入一个整体、范围或清单中。它常用于列举组成部分、项目或例子；所列内容常常只是整体的一部分，但并不绝对表示“未列全”。 记忆：involve：强调“涉及、需要参与或进行”。 contain：强调“内部含有某物或某种信息”。 include：强调“把某人或某物列入整体范围”。 易错点一：表示“包括具体物品”时，不要误用 involve 当句子只是说明一个物品、套餐、课程或清单中“包括什么”时，通常用include；involve强调“需要、牵涉到”，不能单纯表示“里面有”。 ✅ The package includes a user guide and a charging cable. ❌ The package involves a user guide and a charging cable. 错误理由：involve 表示“涉及、需要”，常用于活动、过程或问题；这里是说明包装中包含哪些物品，应使用include。也可以用contain，但include更适合列举包装内的项目。 易错点二：表示“某项工作需要做某事”时，不要误用contain 当句子强调一项工作、计划或活动需要进行某种行为时，用involve；contain通常表示“装有、含有”具体物品、成分或信息，不用于表示工作所包含的活动。 ✅ The job involves working with children every day. ❌ The job contains working with children every day. 错误理由：working with children 是这份工作所涉及的一项活动，因此用involve doing sth.；contain不能自然地表示“工作需要做某事”。 二、短语搭配易错 1. recall doing sth. 回忆起（做过）某事 recall + 动名词，表示回忆起过去做过的某件事。它后面要接动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把recall后面的动词误用成不定式。 例子：✅ I recall meeting my old teacher in the library last Friday. ❌ I recall to meet my old teacher in the library last Friday. 2. adapt to doing sth 适应做某事 adapt to + 动名词，表示逐渐适应某种行为、环境或情况。这里的 to 是介词，后面要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把adapt to后面的动词误用成原形。 例子：✅ He gradually adapted to living alone in a busy new city. ❌ He gradually adapted to live alone in a busy new city. 3. get used to doing sth 逐渐习惯于做某事 get used to + 动名词，表示逐渐习惯做某事或适应某种状态。这里的 to 是介词，后面要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把get used to后面的动词误用成动词原形。 例子：✅ He is getting used to living in a noisy city after moving there last month. ❌ He is getting used to live in a noisy city after moving there last month. 4. be familiar with / to 熟悉…… / 为……所熟悉 be familiar with + 名词，表示“某人熟悉某物”；be familiar to + 人，表示“某物为某人所熟悉”。 易错点：混淆with和to的用法，尤其是主语是“人”还是“物”。 例子：✅ She is familiar with the rules because she practices them carefully before every important match. ❌ She is familiar to the rules because she practices them carefully before every important match. 5. participate in sth / doing sth 参加……；参与…… participate是不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，必须加介词 in。in后面接名词或动名词，不能直接接动词原形。 易错点：漏掉介词in，或把in后面的动词误用成原形。 例子：✅ Students actively participate in discussing school rules together during the weekly class meeting every Monday afternoon. ❌ Students actively participate discussing school rules together during the weekly class meeting every Monday afternoon. 6. involve doing sth涉及做某事；需要做某事 involve + 动词-ing，表示某事包含、涉及或需要做某个动作。它后面要接动名词，不能接 to do。 易错点：把involve后面的动词误用成 to do。 例子：✅ The job involves working with children and helping them improve their reading skills. ❌ The job involves to work with children and help them improve their reading skills. 三、句型易错点 1. It/This/That was the first time that sb had done...：这是某人第一次做…… 课文：It was the first time that she had left China. 易错点：前面是was，后面要用had done，不能直接用一般过去时。 例子：✅ It was the first time that Mary had traveled abroad without her parents or close friends. ❌ It was the first time that Mary traveled abroad without her parents or close friends. 2. because引导原因状语从句：主句 + because + 从句 课文：I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. 易错点：because表示原因，不能和so连用。 例子：✅ I joined the exchange programme because I wanted to understand global business and improve my English. ❌ Because I wanted to understand global business and improve my English, so I joined the programme. 3. 名词 + 定语从句：先行词（作宾语）+ 主语 + 谓语 课文：I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. 易错点：定语从句中关系词that/which可以省略，但不能再加多余宾语。 例子：✅ I wrote down the phrases that I did not know the exact meanings of yesterday. ❌ I wrote down the phrases that I did not know the exact meanings of them yesterday. 4. Although引导让步状语从句：Although + 从句，主句 课文：Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family. 易错点：although表示“虽然”，不能和but连用。 例子：✅ Although some students preferred campus rooms, Xie Lei chose a host family to learn local customs. ❌ Although some students preferred campus rooms, but Xie Lei chose a host family to learn local customs. 5. who 引导非限制性定语从句 课文：Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 易错点：非限制性定语从句前有逗号，指人时常用who，不能用that。 例子：✅ She lives with a host family, who often helps her understand difficult cultural differences abroad. ❌ She lives with a host family, that often helps her understand difficult cultural differences abroad. 6. There be + 名词 + 定语从句 课文：When there’s something I don’t know or understand, I can ask them. 易错点：there be表示“有……”，不能写成there has。 例子：✅ When there is something that she cannot explain clearly, she asks her teacher for help. ❌ When there has something that she cannot explain clearly, she asks her teacher for help. 7. explain that..., but that...：解释……，但…… 课文：The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought！ 易错点：explained后接宾语从句；并列两个that宾语从句时，第二个that常保留，以保持结构平行、意思清楚，但并非绝对不能省略。 例子：✅ The teacher explained that students should cite sources, but that original thinking was more important. ❌ The teacher explained that students should cite sources, but original thinking more important in essays. 8. 并列动词结构：need to do A, do B, and do C... 课文：Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions. 易错点：need to后面多个动词并列时，动词形式要保持一致。 例子：✅ Students need to collect evidence, analyze examples, ask questions, and give clear presentations in class. ❌ Students need to collect evidence, analyzing examples, asking questions, and giving clear presentations in class. 9. As well as doing..., 主句：除了做……之外，还…… 课文：As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities. 易错点：as well as后接动名词doing，不能接动词原形。 例子：✅ As well as studying hard, she joined social activities and shared Chinese culture with friends. ❌ As well as study hard, she joined social activities and shared Chinese culture with friends. $Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Reading and Thinking I am not the same, having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world. —Mary Anne Radmacher 译文：见过世界另一端的月光后，我已非昔日的我。 解读：当一个人真正走进异国、亲身看见“世界另一端的月光”时，所获得的不只是新鲜的见闻，更是对不同文化、他人与自我的重新认识；“月亮”本是人类共见的意象，却在“世界另一端”呈现出不同的生活经验，暗示文化虽有差异，人们仍能借理解、尊重和交流建立联系。因此，跨文化经历会促使人成长得更开放、包容和自信，也启示我们既要主动了解世界，也要珍视并分享本民族文化，成为沟通不同文化的“桥梁”。 一、重点单词 1. adj. 复杂的；难懂的；（语法）复合的 2. vt.& vi.记起；回想起 3. n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历 4. n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负 5. n.适应；改编本 6. n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰 7. n.(英国大学中的)助教；导师；家庭教师 8. v．感谢；承认 9. vt.引用；引述 10. n.参加；参与 11. n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出 12. vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣) 13. vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 14. n.送信人；信使 15. n.(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目)一期、一辑；版次 二、重点单词变形 1. qualify vt.& vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格→ n．(通过考试或学习取得的)资格；学历→ adj. 有资格的；合格的 2. ambition n．追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负→ adj.有野心的；有雄心的 3. adaptation n．适应；改编本→ v．适应；改编→ adj. 适应性的；能适应变化的→ adj.能适应的→ n. 适应能力 4. comfort n．安慰；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→ adj.舒服的→ adv. 舒服地；自在地→ n. 不适；不安；不舒服→ adj. 不舒服的；不自在的；令人尴尬的 5. participation n．参加；参与→ vi.参加；参与→ n. 参加者；参与者→ adj. 供大家参与的；鼓励参与的 6. presentation n．报告；陈述；出示；拿出→ v．把……交给；颁发；提出；提交；展现；表现 7. engage v．参加；从事；吸引；雇用→ n．参与；订婚；约会；雇佣→ v. 脱离；使不再参与→ adj. 忙于；被占用的 8. involve v．包含；使参与；牵涉→ n．参与；卷入；牵连 9. messenger n．信使；送信人；通讯员→ n．信息；消息v．向……传送消息 10. edition n．版本；版次→ v．编辑；校订→ n．编辑 三、必备词块 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 架起桥梁 2. 向……告别 3. 登上飞机 4. 参与；卷入；与……有关联 5. 建立；创办 6. 适应 7. 习惯于(to是介词) 8. 迷路 9. 向某人寻求帮助 10. 对某人/某物很熟悉 11. 想要做某事；渴望做某事 12. 轮流做某事 13. 学术要求 14. 建议某人做某事 15. 为了 16. 首先；起初 17. 大声点说；明确表态 18. 一个巨大的成功 19. 增强某人的信心 20. 在……中间；在……中途 21. 舒服自在；不拘束 22. 也；和 23. 被……迷住 24. 渴望做某事 25. 充当 26. 祝某人好运 27. 参加；参与 28. (使)从事；参与 四、核心词汇 1. recall vt.& vi. 记起；回想起 vt. 收回；召回 原文：“I was very excited but also quite nervous. I didn’t know what to expect,” Xie Lei recalled. “我当时很兴奋，但也很紧张。我不知道会发生什么。”谢蕾回忆道。 常见搭配：recall doing sth. 记得做过某事 recall that ... 回想起…… recall sb. from / to ... 从……召回某人／召回某人到…… as sb recall(s) 据某人回忆 例句：I still recall the warmth in her voice, even after all these years have passed. 即使多年过去了，我仍记得她声音里的温暖。 【即学即练】 1. She recalled (see) him outside the shop on the night of the robbery. 2. He recalled she always came home late on Wednesdays. 3. Can you recall happened last night? 4. The ambassador (recall) from abroad. 5. The foreign ministry recalled the diplomat the capital after negotiations with the local authorities broke down. 2. qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的) 资格；学历 原文：Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year­long exchange programme. 谢蕾在中国一所大学攻读商科，来我校参加为期一年的交流项目。 词形变化：qualify v. 取得资格；使合格 qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的 常见搭配：educational qualifications 学历 meet the qualifications for... 符合……的资格要求 be qualified for ... 有……的资格；可胜任…… be qualified as ... 有担任……的资格 be qualified to do ... 能胜任做……；有资格做…… 例句：A professional qualification gave her the confidence and skills to apply for the challenging position. 一项职业资格证书给了她信心和技能，使她申请这个具有挑战性的职位。 【即学即练】 1. Previous teaching experience is a necessary (qualify) for this job. 2. She’s extremely well (qualify) for the job. 3. I assume my qualifications the job will be considered along with theirs. 4. Only trained staff are qualified (operate) this equipment. 5. She is qualified a nurse and has worked in a children’s hospital for years. 3. ambition n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负 原文：My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation ... 我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业…… 词形变化：ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有抱负的；宏大的 ambitiously adv. 雄心勃勃地；有抱负地 常见搭配：have an ambition to do/of doing sth 有做某事的愿望 achieve/ realize/ fulfill one’s ambition 实现某人的抱负 one’s ambition is to do sth 某人的理想是做某事 pursue one’s ambition 追求自己的理想 be ambitious for 对……抱有极大的期待 例句：Her lifelong ambition is to become a scientist and develop cleaner sources of energy. 她毕生的梦想是成为一名科学家，并开发更清洁的能源。 【即学即练】 1. Although disabled, he has always had an ambition (be) an astronaut. 2. We’ve launched an (ambition) plan to give every child the support they need in education. 3. The team will have to play more (ambition) to win the tournament. 4. Parents should be ambitious their children, but they should also respect their children’s interests and choices. 5. Although his ambition is (be) a scientist, he knows that success requires patience, hard work and curiosity. 6. The company has ambitions of (expand) its business overseas. 4. adaptation n．适应；改编本 原文：Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭，这有助于她适应异国文化。 词形变化：adapt v. 适应；使适应；改编 adaptable adj. 能适应的；适应性强的 adaptive adj. 适应性的；能适应变化的 adaptability n. 适应能力 常见搭配：make an adaptation to ... 适应…… adapt to ... 适应…… adapt oneself to ... 使自己适应…… adapt ... for ... 把……改编成…… adapt ... from ... 由……改编…… 例句：Successful adaptation to change is an important skill in modern society. 成功适应变化是现代社会中一项重要的能力。 【即学即练】 1. Moving to a new city requires time, patience and (adapt) to a different way of life. 2. The students’ quick adaptation online learning surprised their teachers. 3. It took him several months to adapt life in another country. 4. It is said that the author is going to adapt his play television. 5. We believe that he can adapt (him) to the new environment soon. 6. The film was adapted a novel written by Lu Xun. 7. Animals develop (adapt) behaviors in order to survive in changing environments. 8. Students should become (adapt) and learn to deal with change confidently. 9. (adapt) is one of the most important qualities for students in the modern world. 5. comfort n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt. 安慰；抚慰 原文：“When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family,” Xie Lei said. “有第二个家，想家时我会得到些安慰。”谢蕾说。 词形变化：comfortable adj. 舒服的；舒适的；自在的 comfortably adv. 舒服地；自在地 discomfort n. 不适；不安；不舒服 uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不自在的；令人尴尬的 常见搭配：vt. 安慰；抚慰 comfort sb：安慰某人 comfort sb with sth：用某物／某种方式安慰某人 n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 bring comfort to sb 给某人带来安慰 be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort 舒适地 comfort zone 舒适区 例句：Stepping out of our comfort zone can help us discover abilities that we did not know we had. 走出舒适区能帮助我们发现自己原本没有意识到的能力。 【即学即练】 1. The family does not live luxuriously, but they live (comfort). 2. She feels (comfort) speaking English in front of the class. 3. He felt (comfort) when he had to speak about his private life. 4. Sitting in the same position for too long may cause physical (comfort). 5. The teacher comforted him kind words after the competition. 6. Her presence was a great comfort me during a difficult time. 7. The room was warm, clean and designed for guests to relax comfort. 6. participation n．参加；参与 原文：Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result. 此外，谢蕾发现很多课程的最终成绩都包含学生的课堂参与。 词形变化：participant n. 参与者；参加者 participate v. 参加；参与 participatory adj. 供大家参与的；鼓励参与的 常见搭配：participate in sth/ doing sth 参加／参与某事 participate with sb in sth 与某人分担某事；同某人参与某事 例句：The success of the event depended on the active participation of every student. 活动的成功取决于每位学生的积极参与。 【即学即练】 1. The teacher used a (participate) approach to make the class more interesting. 2. More and more students are willing to participate volunteer work during their free time. 3. Each (participate) was asked to share one idea with the group 4. She participated her classmates the school’s volunteer program. 5. Students are encouraged to participate in (protect) the environment by saving water and reducing waste. 6. Parents’ (participate) in school activities can help build a stronger connection between families and teachers. 7. engage vi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) 原文： “Engaging in British culture has helped,” she said. “融入英国文化使我受益匪浅。”她说。 词形变化：engagement n. 参与；约定；订婚；交战 disengage v. 脱离；使不再参与 engaged adj. 忙于；被占用的 常见搭配：engage in sth / doing sth 参加；从事；参与做某事 engage oneself in (doing) sth 使某人从事某事；参加某事 be engaged in (doing) sth 忙于(做)某事 engage with sb/sth与某人交流；认真关注或探讨某事 engage sb’s attention / interest / imagination 吸引某人的注意力／兴趣／想象力 engage sb to do sth雇用／聘请某人做某事 be engaged to sb与某人订婚 例句：We should actively engage in meaningful activities, because real growth often comes from communicating with others and facing challenges in practice. 我们应积极参与有意义的活动，因为真正的成长常常来自与他人交流以及在实践中面对挑战。 【即学即练】 1. The teacher tried to engage every student the group discussion. 2. The company engaged an engineer (design) the new system. 3. She is actively engaged in (prepare) for the school art festival. 4. Reading helps us engage the thoughts and experiences of people from different backgrounds. 5. They have been (engage) for two years and plan to get married next summer. 6. The project aims to increase students’ (engage) in community service. 7. Students should engage (they) in meaningful activities after class. 8. involve vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 原文：As well as studying hard, I’ve been involved in social activities. 努力学习之余，我还参加了一些社交活动。 词形变化：involvement n. 参与；介入；牵连 常见搭配：involve sb in sth 使某人参加/参与某事 involve doing sth 包含做某事 be/get involved in sth / doing sth 参与；与……有关；卷入 例句：Meaningful learning involves not only gaining knowledge from books, but also applying what we have learned to real-life situations. 有意义的学习不仅涉及从书本中获取知识，也涉及把所学应用到现实生活中 【即学即练】 1. Organizing a school event involves (make) plans and working as a team. 2. The teacher tried to involve every student the class discussion. 3. She has been actively involved environmental protection activities for years. 4. Parents’ (involve) in school activities can support children’s development. 5. Taking part in volunteer work (involve) giving time and energy to help people in need. 6. There are more than 30 software companies (involve) in the project. 五、经典句式 1. This/ It/ That was the first/ ... time (that) sb had done ... “这是某人第一/……次做……” 原文：It was the first time that she had left China. 这是她第一次离开中国。 分析：This / It / That was the first / second / last time (that) sb had done sth 用于回顾过去的某次经历，意为“这是／那是某人第一／第二／最后一次做某事”。主句用was，说明说话人把“第几次”这一判断放在过去；从句用had done，表示该动作发生在那个过去时间点之前，因此要用过去完成时。that在口语和写作中都可以省略，first还可替换为second、third、last、only 等。这个句式要和现在时结构区分：说“到现在为止第一次做某事”用 This is the first time sb has/have done sth，而回忆过去时则用 was the first time sb had done sth。 拓展：(1)“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/... time (that)＋过去完成时的句子”表示“那/这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。 (2)“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/... time (that)＋现在完成时的句子”表示“那/这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。 (3) It is (about/high) time (that) ... should do sth/did sth表示“到了做某事的时间了”，相当于It is time (for sb) to do sth。 例句：It was the first time that he had driven an electric car and so he went very nervily and slowly down the street. 那是他第一次驾驶电动汽车，所以他沿街开得既紧张又缓慢。 【即学即练】 1. It was the first time that I (take) part in volunteer work on my own. 2. That (be) the second time she had visited the Great Wall. 3. It is about time that students (pay) more attention to their physical health. 4. This is the first time that I (read) such an inspiring book. 5. It is time for us (develop) good learning habits. 6. 那是他第一次意识到团队合作的重要性。 2. “疑问词＋不定式”结构 原文：I didn’t know what to expect. 我不知道会发生什么。 分析：“疑问词＋不定式”结构由what、which、who、where、when、how等疑问词加 to do 构成，用来表达“该做什么、该如何做、去哪里做、何时做、选择哪一个”等含有疑问意义但不构成直接问句的内容；它本质上相当于一个简化的间接疑问结构，在句中通常作宾语、表语或宾语补足语。疑问词保留原有的意义，to do表示尚未实施、需要决定或安排的动作；其中how后还可接形容词或副词，如表示“如何做到某种程度”。一般不用 why＋to do，因为why通常用于询问原因，而这一结构主要表示对行动方式、对象、地点、时间或选择的疑问。 例句：When facing difficulties, we should learn how to stay calm and solve problems step by step. 面对困难时，我们应学会如何保持冷静，并一步步解决问题。 【即学即练】 1. I didn’t know what (expect) before I joined the volunteer activity. 2. The guide told the visitors which bus (take) to the museum. 3. Students should learn to deal (deal) with pressure in a healthy way. 4. 这位志愿者告诉游客去哪里获得有关这座城市的更多信息。 5. 这次经历让我明白了如何与来自不同文化背景的人交流。 3. the first time (that) ... 在句中作状语 “第一次……” 原文：The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought! 第一次写论文时，她的导师向她解释说，如果引用他人的观点，就必须要注明，不过他主要还是想了解她本人的观点！ 分析：the first time (that) … 在句中作时间状语时，整体表示“当……第一次发生时”或“在……的第一次”，用来限定主句动作发生的时间；其中 the first time 是核心时间名词短语，后面的 (that) + 从句 说明“第一次”的具体内容，that在这种结构中通常可以省略。它所表达的是一次特定的时间点，因此不同于for the first time（“首次”）这类普通时间状语；同时也应与This/It is the first time (that) … 区分，后者的the first time 通常是系动词后的表语成分，而不是状语。 拓展：在句中作时间状语的词汇有：the first time、every time、each time、any time、last time、next time、instantly、immediately、directly、the moment等。 例句：The first time she spoke on stage, her voice trembled, but her eyes were full of light. 她第一次站上舞台发言时，声音微微颤抖，眼里却盛满光亮。 【即学即练】 1. The first time she (give) a speech in public, she felt extremely nervous. 2. The first time they arrived at the village, they (be) amazed by the peaceful scenery. 3. ________ I saw the old photo, I remembered the happy days I spent with my grandparents. A. For the first time B. The first time C. At first D. First time 4. 我第一次参加英语演讲比赛时，紧张得几乎说不出话来。 5. 每次我遇到困难，我都会想起老师鼓励我的话。 4. have no idea＋从句 “完全不知道……”“一点儿也不清楚……” 原文：At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 分析：have no idea + 从句 表示说话者对某事“完全不知道”或“一点儿也不清楚”，语气通常比don’t know 更强；其中have no idea是固定表达，后面可接由what、who、when、where、why、how、whether/if等引导的宾语从句，说明“不知道”的具体内容，也可接that从句，表示对某一事实毫不知情或感到意外。需要注意的是，从句要用陈述语序；若主句用过去式had no idea，则表示“当时完全不知道”。 例句：I had no idea that a simple act of kindness could brighten someone’s whole day. 我完全不知道，一个小小的善举竟能照亮一个人一整天的心情。 【即学即练】 1. The students had no idea to solve the problem until their teacher gave them a hint. 2. They had no idea the news was true or not. 3. We have no idea he refused the invitation. 4. She had no idea ________ she should choose, the red dress or the blue one. A. what B. which C. where D. that 5. 令我惊讶的是，她完全不知道自己的鼓励对我有多么重要。 6. 她一点儿也不知道父母为她的梦想付出了多少。 5. 主语从句＋was that … “……的是……” 原文：At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 刚开始的时候，谢蕾不知道该说些什么，但令她惊喜的是，仅仅几周时间，她就能在课堂上大胆发言了。 分析：主语从句 + was that … 是一种“从句作主语、that 从句作表语”的结构，常用来对某个事实、现象或感受作解释、说明或强调，整体可译为“……的是……”或“令某人……的是……”。前面的主语从句常由 what、why、how、whether 等连接词引导，如What surprised her；其中 what 在从句中兼作连接词和句子成分。后面的that从句 具体说明前面所指的内容，that 只起连接作用，不在从句中充当成分；这种“what 从句 + be + 补足语”的形式也常被视为一种强调结构。 例句：What touched us deeply was that the little boy saved his pocket money to help children in need. 深深打动我们的是，这个小男孩把自己的零花钱攒下来帮助有需要的孩子。 【即学即练】 1. matters most is that we should keep moving forward even when life is difficult. 2. What made her happy was she was accepted by her dream university. 3. What amazed everyone was that the young scientist (solve) the problem in such a short time. 4. 令大家印象深刻的是，这位年轻人面对困难时始终保持乐观。 5. 真正重要的是，我们要从失败中吸取教训。 一、词汇易混辨析 1. complex/ difficult/ complicated complex：强调事物本身由许多部分、因素或关系构成，而且这些部分彼此联系、相互影响，侧重“结构复杂、关系交织”。它常用于较客观、正式的语境，如系统、理论、问题、关系、过程等。complex不一定表示“很难”，而是强调“组成和关系较多”。 difficult：强调某事对人来说“不容易做、不容易理解、不容易处理”，侧重“难度大”。它的使用范围最广，可以修饰题目、任务、决定、处境、时期、谈话等。一个事物即使结构并不复杂，也可能因为需要较多知识、技巧或努力而很difficult。 complicated：也表示“复杂”，但更强调事情有很多步骤、细节、规则或因素，因此显得繁琐、麻烦或不容易弄清楚。它常带有“复杂得让人头疼”的意味，语气通常比complex更偏负面；可用于程序、说明、规则、关系、情况等。 易错点一：不要把“结构复杂”一律理解为“难” 当强调事物内部有许多相互联系的部分或因素时，优先使用 complex；difficult 更强调人们理解、完成或处理它时感到困难。 ✅ The report describes a complex relationship between climate and migration. ⚠ The report describes a difficult relationship between climate and migration. 说明：这句话语法上没有错，但difficult relationship更容易让人理解为“难以处理或难以理解的关系”。原句若强调两者之间存在多层、交织的客观联系，使用complex relationship更准确、更自然。 易错点二：不要忽略complicated的“繁琐、麻烦”意味 当强调流程、规定或说明有太多步骤和细节时，complicated往往比complex或difficult更贴切，因为它突出“程序繁琐”。 ✅ The application process is complicated because it requires several forms and approvals. ⚠ The application process is difficult because it requires several forms and approvals. 说明：这句话同样没有语法错误，difficult可以表示“申请过程不容易”；但句中原因是“表格多、审批多”，重点在步骤繁琐，因此complicated更能体现原意。 易错点三：不要把difficult和complicated完全等同 difficult主要强调任务本身有难度；complicated主要强调步骤、条件或因素多。一个问题可以很难，但解法并不复杂；也可以过程繁琐，却未必特别难。 ✅ The final question was difficult, but the solution was simple. ⚠ The final question was complicated, but the solution was simple. 说明：后一句并非一定错误；若题目本身包含许多条件、步骤或信息，可以用complicated。但如果只是强调“题目需要较强的思考能力”，使用difficult 更自然。 2. recall/ remember recall和remember都可表示“记起；回忆起”，但侧重点不同。remember是最常用、最广泛的词，既可表示“记得过去的事”，也可表示“记住并去做某事”；recall较正式，强调经过思考后“从记忆中回想起”某人、某事或某段经历，常用于较书面、正式的语境。表示一般的“记得”时，两者常可互换；但表示“记得要做某事”时，通常只能用remember to do，不能用recall to do。 易错点一：表示“记得去做某事”时误用recall。 remember to do sth. 表示“记得去做某事”，动作通常还没有完成；recall 后一般不接不定式表示“记得去做”。 ✅ Please remember to lock the door before leaving. ❌ Please recall to lock the door before leaving. 错误理由： recall 不能表示“记得去做某事”，这里应使用 remember to lock。 易错点二：不要把recall只理解为“记得”。 当强调“努力从脑海中回想起过去的信息或经历”时，recall比remember更正式，也更能突出“回忆”的过程；不过remember在日常表达中同样正确、更常用。 ✅ I recalled the teacher’s advice before making my decision. 作决定前，我想起了老师的建议。 ✅ I remembered the teacher’s advice before making my decision. 作决定前，我记起了老师的建议。 说明： 两句都正确。recalled更正式，强调“回想起”；remembered更自然、常用于日常交流。 补充： remember doing sth.：记得做过某事。 remember to do sth.：记得去做某事。 recall doing sth.：回忆起做过某事，较正式。 recall sth. / recall that…：回想起某事／记得某一事实。 3. ambition/ aspiration/ dream/ goal ambition：强调“抱负、雄心”，通常指希望在事业、学业或人生中取得较大成就的强烈愿望，往往带有长期性和进取心。常用搭配有have the ambition to do sth.、achieve / fulfil one’s ambition。 aspiration：强调“志向、向往”，语气比 ambition 更正式、更积极，常指对教育、职业、社会理想等较高目标的追求；它不特别强调名利或竞争。常用搭配有have an aspiration to do sth.、aspirations for higher education。 dream：强调“梦想”，语气最个人化、最有感情色彩，既可指人生理想，也可指尚未具体规划的美好愿望。常用搭配有 dream of doing sth.、realize / achieve one’s dream。 goal：强调“目标”，通常指明确、具体、可执行或可衡量的结果，常与计划、步骤和时间安排有关。常用搭配有 set a goal、reach / achieve a goal。 记忆：dream是心中的梦想，ambition是推动自己成功的抱负，aspiration是较高尚或正式的志向，goal则是可以通过行动逐步实现的具体目标。它们的含义有重叠，实际使用时要看句子想突出“情感、抱负、理想”还是“具体计划”。 易错点一：表示具体、可衡量的目标时，不要误用 dream ✅ The team set a goal of reducing waste by 30 percent. ❌ The team set a dream of reducing waste by 30 percent. 错误理由：set a goal是固定且常用的搭配，表示制定一个明确、可执行的目标；dream表示“梦想”，通常不与set搭配。若使用dream，可说have a dream或realize a dream。 易错点二：不要把ambition和goal完全等同 ✅ His ambition is to become a scientist, and his short-term goal is to enter a good university. ❌ His goal is to become a scientist, and his ambition is to enter a good university. 错误理由：后一句并非语法错误，但词义重点容易颠倒：成为科学家通常是长期的抱负，进入一所好大学更像阶段性、可执行的目标。 易错点三：aspiration常用于较正式、较抽象的志向 ✅ Her aspiration is to provide better education for rural children. ❌ Her aspiration is to buy a new phone this summer. 错误理由：后一句语法没有问题，但语义不够自然。aspiration 常指较长期、较有价值或较正式的人生追求；买手机属于短期、具体的计划，更适合用goal或plan。 4. engage in sth/ take part in sth/ join sth/ participate in sth engage in sth：强调“从事、参与并投入某项活动”，常用于较正式的书面语，侧重持续性、主动性或认真投入的过程；常搭配讨论、研究、商业活动、志愿服务、体育活动等，如engage in discussion / research / volunteer work。 take part in sth：表示“参加某项具体活动、比赛、会议或讨论”，强调实际参与其中，是高中英语中最常用、最稳妥的表达之一；常用于学校活动、竞赛、运动会、演讲比赛等。 join sth：主要表示“加入某个组织、团体、队伍或俱乐部，成为其中一员”，后面直接接宾语，不用in，如 join the club / team / organization；也可表示“加入某人或某个正在进行的活动”，如join us。注意：join in 后面通常接活动，而不是组织。 participate in sth：表示“参加、参与”，含义与take part in 接近，但语气更正式，常用于通知、报道、申请材料或正式写作；它后面必须接in，如participate in the competition / activity。 易错点一：表示“加入组织、社团或队伍”时，不要误用join in ✅ She joined the school drama club last September. ❌ She joined in the school drama club last September. 错误理由：join +组织/团体 表示“加入并成为成员”，如join a club / team / organization。join in后面通常接某项活动，如join in the game，不能用于表示“加入社团或球队”。 易错点二：普通的具体活动中，不要随意把take part in换成 engage in ✅ Our class took part in the sports meeting yesterday.我们班昨天参加了运动会。 ⚠ Our class engaged in the sports meeting yesterday. 说明： 后一句语法上不一定完全错误，但不够自然。engage in更强调持续投入某项活动、工作或讨论，且语气较正式，常用于engage in research / discussion / volunteer work。对于一次具体的校园活动或比赛，take part in或participate in更自然。 易错点三：不要把join和take part in完全等同 ✅ He joined the basketball team and took part in several matches.他加入了篮球队，并参加了几场比赛。 ⚠ He took part in the basketball team and joined several matches. 说明：join the basketball team强调“加入球队，成为队员”；take part in several matches强调“参加比赛”。后一句前半部分搭配不自然，后半部分也不准确，因为join通常不直接表示“参加多场比赛”。 5. involve/ contain/ include involve：强调“涉及、需要、包含某种活动或参与者”，侧重某事在进行过程中所必需的内容、步骤或人员。常用于工作、项目、计划、问题、过程等，后面常接名词、代词或 doing sth.。 contain：强调“含有、装有、包含在内部”，侧重某物内部实际存在的成分、物品、信息或内容。常用于盒子、瓶子、文章、报告、书籍、食品、药物等。 include：强调“包括……在内”，侧重把某人或某物列入一个整体、范围或清单中。它常用于列举组成部分、项目或例子；所列内容常常只是整体的一部分，但并不绝对表示“未列全”。 记忆：involve：强调“涉及、需要参与或进行”。 contain：强调“内部含有某物或某种信息”。 include：强调“把某人或某物列入整体范围”。 易错点一：表示“包括具体物品”时，不要误用 involve 当句子只是说明一个物品、套餐、课程或清单中“包括什么”时，通常用include；involve强调“需要、牵涉到”，不能单纯表示“里面有”。 ✅ The package includes a user guide and a charging cable. ❌ The package involves a user guide and a charging cable. 错误理由：involve 表示“涉及、需要”，常用于活动、过程或问题；这里是说明包装中包含哪些物品，应使用include。也可以用contain，但include更适合列举包装内的项目。 易错点二：表示“某项工作需要做某事”时，不要误用contain 当句子强调一项工作、计划或活动需要进行某种行为时，用involve；contain通常表示“装有、含有”具体物品、成分或信息，不用于表示工作所包含的活动。 ✅ The job involves working with children every day. ❌ The job contains working with children every day. 错误理由：working with children 是这份工作所涉及的一项活动，因此用involve doing sth.；contain不能自然地表示“工作需要做某事”。 二、短语搭配易错 1. recall doing sth. 回忆起（做过）某事 recall + 动名词，表示回忆起过去做过的某件事。它后面要接动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把recall后面的动词误用成不定式。 例子：✅ I recall meeting my old teacher in the library last Friday. ❌ I recall to meet my old teacher in the library last Friday. 2. adapt to doing sth 适应做某事 adapt to + 动名词，表示逐渐适应某种行为、环境或情况。这里的 to 是介词，后面要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把adapt to后面的动词误用成原形。 例子：✅ He gradually adapted to living alone in a busy new city. ❌ He gradually adapted to live alone in a busy new city. 3. get used to doing sth 逐渐习惯于做某事 get used to + 动名词，表示逐渐习惯做某事或适应某种状态。这里的 to 是介词，后面要接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形。 易错点：把get used to后面的动词误用成动词原形。 例子：✅ He is getting used to living in a noisy city after moving there last month. ❌ He is getting used to live in a noisy city after moving there last month. 4. be familiar with / to 熟悉…… / 为……所熟悉 be familiar with + 名词，表示“某人熟悉某物”；be familiar to + 人，表示“某物为某人所熟悉”。 易错点：混淆with和to的用法，尤其是主语是“人”还是“物”。 例子：✅ She is familiar with the rules because she practices them carefully before every important match. ❌ She is familiar to the rules because she practices them carefully before every important match. 5. participate in sth / doing sth 参加……；参与…… participate是不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，必须加介词 in。in后面接名词或动名词，不能直接接动词原形。 易错点：漏掉介词in，或把in后面的动词误用成原形。 例子：✅ Students actively participate in discussing school rules together during the weekly class meeting every Monday afternoon. ❌ Students actively participate discussing school rules together during the weekly class meeting every Monday afternoon. 6. involve doing sth涉及做某事；需要做某事 involve + 动词-ing，表示某事包含、涉及或需要做某个动作。它后面要接动名词，不能接 to do。 易错点：把involve后面的动词误用成 to do。 例子：✅ The job involves working with children and helping them improve their reading skills. ❌ The job involves to work with children and help them improve their reading skills. 三、句型易错点 1. It/This/That was the first time that sb had done...：这是某人第一次做…… 课文：It was the first time that she had left China. 易错点：前面是was，后面要用had done，不能直接用一般过去时。 例子：✅ It was the first time that Mary had traveled abroad without her parents or close friends. ❌ It was the first time that Mary traveled abroad without her parents or close friends. 2. because引导原因状语从句：主句 + because + 从句 课文：I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English. 易错点：because表示原因，不能和so连用。 例子：✅ I joined the exchange programme because I wanted to understand global business and improve my English. ❌ Because I wanted to understand global business and improve my English, so I joined the programme. 3. 名词 + 定语从句：先行词（作宾语）+ 主语 + 谓语 课文：I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for things I didn’t know the English names for. 易错点：定语从句中关系词that/which可以省略，但不能再加多余宾语。 例子：✅ I wrote down the phrases that I did not know the exact meanings of yesterday. ❌ I wrote down the phrases that I did not know the exact meanings of them yesterday. 4. Although引导让步状语从句：Although + 从句，主句 课文：Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family. 易错点：although表示“虽然”，不能和but连用。 例子：✅ Although some students preferred campus rooms, Xie Lei chose a host family to learn local customs. ❌ Although some students preferred campus rooms, but Xie Lei chose a host family to learn local customs. 5. who 引导非限制性定语从句 课文：Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture. 易错点：非限制性定语从句前有逗号，指人时常用who，不能用that。 例子：✅ She lives with a host family, who often helps her understand difficult cultural differences abroad. ❌ She lives with a host family, that often helps her understand difficult cultural differences abroad. 6. There be + 名词 + 定语从句 课文：When there’s something I don’t know or understand, I can ask them. 易错点：there be表示“有……”，不能写成there has。 例子：✅ When there is something that she cannot explain clearly, she asks her teacher for help. ❌ When there has something that she cannot explain clearly, she asks her teacher for help. 7. explain that..., but that...：解释……，但…… 课文：The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought！ 易错点：explained后接宾语从句；并列两个that宾语从句时，第二个that常保留，以保持结构平行、意思清楚，但并非绝对不能省略。 例子：✅ The teacher explained that students should cite sources, but that original thinking was more important. ❌ The teacher explained that students should cite sources, but original thinking more important in essays. 8. 并列动词结构：need to do A, do B, and do C... 课文：Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions. 易错点：need to后面多个动词并列时，动词形式要保持一致。 例子：✅ Students need to collect evidence, analyze examples, ask questions, and give clear presentations in class. ❌ Students need to collect evidence, analyzing examples, asking questions, and giving clear presentations in class. 9. As well as doing..., 主句：除了做……之外，还…… 课文：As well as studying hard, I've been involved in social activities. 易错点：as well as后接动名词doing，不能接动词原形。 例子：✅ As well as studying hard, she joined social activities and shared Chinese culture with friends. ❌ As well as study hard, she joined social activities and shared Chinese culture with friends. $