Unit 1 Know yourself单元话题阅读专项练习2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“自我认知”为核心话题，通过阅读理解与任务型阅读结合，系统训练细节定位、逻辑推理等阅读技巧，构建“性格认知-职业选择-自我提升”的知识逻辑链。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇24题|细节定位、结构分析、主旨归纳、词义猜测、逻辑推理|从性格定义（影响行为）到职业匹配（性格与职业适配），再到自我认知方法（提问与记录），形成“认识-应用-提升”链条| |任务型阅读|5篇25题|信息精准提取、简洁表达（词数限制）、综合概括|衔接性格优缺点分析、职业素养要求，强化从文本到实践的语言应用能力，提升思维品质与学习能力|

Unit 1 Know yourself单元话题阅读专项练习 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解 （一） Be ready for your dream jobs! What’s your dream job? How much do you know about it? A group of students from Tianjin found that most of them had few ideas about their future jobs due to a lack of support from school or family. To provide helpful guidance(指导), students from TEDA No.1 Secondary School started an activity called “Dian Zhi Cheng Shi, Zhi Yin Wei Lai”. The team interviewed professionals (专业人士) from different fields and published their interviews on the internet. These professionals shared their true stories and opinions on different jobs. “We also invited the professionals to give talks so that students could talk to them face to face,” said Wang Xinran. Wang’s favourite interview was with a photographer. “I used to think being a photographer was cool, but now I realize they face many challenges. For example, they have to talk with different people and keep an eye on the weather. One of the biggest challenges is the awful weather. So I think the job isn’t easy,” the photographer said. Such interviews don’t disappoint (使失望) students because there are still some happy and exciting things at work. “We want to show the beauty in every profession,” said Zhao Yajie. “We believe work should be about love. And we hope the activity can help students understand that.” 1．Why did the students from TEDA No.1 Secondary School start the activity? A．To provide students with useful guidance. B．To get along well with others. C．To interview professionals. D．To share their experiences. 2．What challenges do photographers need to face according to the text? A．They need to carry many things. B．They need to keep an eye on the weather. C．They have to look for beautiful places. D．They have to satisfy many people’s needs. 3．Which of the following would Zhao Yajie agree with? A．People can’t work for money. B．People should do the job they love. C．It’s useless to join in the activity. D．The activity is helpful to teachers. 4．What is the best structure of this text? (①=Paragraph 1, …) A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①/②③④⑤ C．①/②/③④⑤ D．①/②③④/⑤ （二） Every year, thousands of students leave universities or colleges so it is a big problem for them to find a fine job. In fact, there are different kinds of jobs in this society, but how should young people choose a proper one? That often worries the young people and their parents. “Finding a job” is not the same as “choosing a job”. Many young people can’t get right jobs. Here are a few steps to help you think about which jobs you might enjoy doing after you leave school or university. First, it is important to know what kind of person you are, what special qualities you have and what you are interested in. There is a difference between an interest and a skill. If you like art and enjoy looking at pictures, that is an interest, but if you can draw a horse and it looks like a horse instead of a big dog, that is a skill. Then ask yourself a question, “Of the following three skills—the skill with people, the skill with information and the skill with things, which is my best skill?” After finding out your best skill, the next step is to study carefully. To find out as many different kinds of jobs as possible, go to the library and read books, magazines and newspapers for information. Ask your friends what they think of the work they do. The last step is to trust your own ideas and your own thinking! It is your own life. Just find the job you really enjoy doing. 5．In Paragraph 1, what does the underlined word “one” refer to? A．School. B．University. C．Problem. D．Job. 6．Paragraph 1 tells us that it’s ________ for young people to choose a right job. A．easy B．difficult C．useless D．different 7．Which of the following can be a skill according to the passage? A．You are good at writing stories. B．You enjoy listening to music. C．You like running every morning. D．You love reading books. 8．What’s the right structure of the passage? A．①/②③④⑤⑥ B．①②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①/②/③④⑤⑥ D．①②③④⑤/⑥ 9．Where might we read this passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a travel book. C．In a newspaper. D．In a health magazine. （三） Everyone has their own personality. Some people are energetic and confident, while others are quiet and careful. Personalities decide our behaviors and habits, and they can be changed through hard work. An organized person always plans things ahead. They never put off today’s work till tomorrow. This good habit makes them efficient in study and work. A creative person likes thinking differently and coming up with new ideas. They are good at solving difficult problems in special ways. However, no personality is completely perfect. A careless person may make mistakes easily, but they are usually easy-going. A shy person may be quiet, but they are careful and patient. We should know our own advantages and disadvantages, and improve ourselves constantly. 10．What can we know about personalities? A．Personalities can never be changed. B．Personalities influence our behaviors. C．All personalities are perfect. D．Personalities have no disadvantages. 11．What is the feature of an organized person? A．They are shy and quiet. B．They often put off work. C．They plan things in advance. D．They are good at creating new ideas. 12．The underlined word “efficient” means ________ in Chinese. A．低效的 B．高效的 C．随意的 D．固执的 13．What advantage does a careless person have? A．Being patient. B．Being careful. C．Being easy-going. D．Being creative. 14．What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Personalities B．How to Change Ourselves C．Perfect Personalities D．Advantages of Personalities （四） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Why is it so hard to see ourselves clearly? One reason is that we judge ourselves by our intentions, while other people judge us by our behaviour. You may know that you meant to be helpful when you corrected a classmate’s mistake in front of the whole class; your classmate only saw that he was corrected in public. Neither view is complete, but only one of them is naturally available to you. A second reason is memory. We remember the times we spoke up far better than the times we said nothing, because those brave moments fit the story we enjoy telling about ourselves. Psychologists describe this as a “friendly editor” working quietly inside the mind, cutting out whatever does not suit the plot. So what can be done? Asking for honest opinions helps, but only if we ask well. “Am I a good friend?” invites politeness. “What is one thing I do that annoys you?” invites the truth. Keeping a simple record also works. Once a week, write down one decision you made and the reason behind it. After two months, read the pages together. Patterns appear that no single day could ever show. Self-knowledge, in short, is not a gift that a few lucky people are born with. It is a habit, built by asking better questions and keeping honest records. 15．According to the passage, why do others see us differently? A．Others are usually unfair to us. B．We judge intentions while others judge behaviour. C．Others have much better memories than we do. D．We seldom speak about our real feelings. 16．What does the “friendly editor” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A teacher who checks students’ writing. B．A close friend who always offers praise. C．The mind’s habit of keeping flattering memories. D．A useful rule for keeping a daily diary. 17．Why is “Am I a good friend?” considered a poor question? A．It is far too general to understand. B．It usually receives a polite rather than honest answer. C．It makes most listeners feel angry. D．It can only be answered by close friends. 18．What is the main advantage of keeping a weekly record? A．It improves one’s handwriting. B．It replaces the need to ask others. C．It reveals patterns over a period of time. D．It saves time when exams are coming. 19．What does the writer think of self-knowledge? A．It is a natural gift given to a few. B．It is a habit that anyone can develop. C．It is an aim that can never be reached. D．It is a skill needed only by adults. （五） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For a long time, people believed that personality was fixed at birth, rather like eye colour. Recent studies suggest a more hopeful picture. In one well-known experiment, a group of university students who described themselves as shy agreed to follow a simple plan for sixteen weeks. Each week they were given one small social task: greeting a neighbour, asking a stranger for the time, or staying five minutes after a club meeting. None of the tasks was frightening on its own. By the end, most of the students scored noticeably higher on tests of confidence, and the change was still there when they were tested again a year later. Researchers explain the result in this way. Personality is not a stone; it is more like a path through long grass. The more often we walk one way, the deeper that path becomes. Yet a new path can be created, slowly, by repeated steps. This does not mean that anyone can become anything. A naturally careful person is unlikely to turn into a risk-taker overnight. What the studies show is smaller but far more useful: we can widen the range of behaviours we feel comfortable with, while keeping the people we truly are. Perhaps the wisest attitude, then, is neither “I am what I am” nor “I must change completely”, but something quietly in between. 20．What did people believe about personality for a long time? A．It changed with age. B．It was decided by friends. C．It could be trained easily. D．It never changed after birth. 21．Why were the weekly tasks in the experiment kept small? A．To save the researchers money. B．To make them easy for shy students to accept. C．To test how good the students’ memory was. D．To keep the experiment secret from teachers. 22．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A．Personality is difficult for others to see. B．Personality grows best in a natural place. C．Personality can be slowly reshaped by repeated action. D．Personality is dangerous to change in any way. 23．What is the writer’s attitude towards changing one’s personality? A．Careful but hopeful. B．Completely doubtful. C．Strongly against it. D．Not at all interested. 24．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Born Shy, Always Shy B．Sixteen Weeks to a New Life C．How to Join a Club Safely D．Can Personality Be Changed 二、任务型阅读 （六） Everyone has a special personality. Good personalities can help us grow better. Organized people are good at time planning. They keep their study and life in order. Creative people have rich imagination and are good at creating new ways. Patient people can keep calm and never give up easily. Modest and generous people are popular in groups. Bad personalities are bad for our growth. Careless people often make mistakes. Impatient people can hardly finish things perfectly. Selfish people cannot get on well with others. We should know ourselves clearly. We need to keep our good qualities and correct bad ones. Learning good qualities from others is also a good way to improve ourselves. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题 25．What are organized people good at? 26．What kind of imagination do creative people have? 27．Why are selfish people not popular? 28．What should we keep in our personalities? 29．How can we improve our personalities besides correcting bad qualities? （七） Mechanical Engineering Do you like to build with blocks? Have you ever wondered how planes stay in the air? Do you like to design and create new things? If you do, a career (职业) in mechanical engineering might be right for you! A mechanical engineer is responsible (负责任的) for coming up with and designing mechanical systems. Mechanical systems can include machine design, heating and cooling equipment, and product design. Mechanical engineers are in high need right now. There are a lot of job openings for mechanical engineers, but there aren’t enough people to fill those jobs. Because there is a high need for engineers and the work requires specialized knowledge, engineers get paid more than some other careers. To be a mechanical engineer, you need to graduate from college with a bachelor’s (学士) degree. In college, you will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills. Problem solving is very important in the field of mechanical engineering. To come up with the best solution to a problem, mechanical engineers need to think in different ways. They also need to be creative, because they may need to make something that’s never been made before. Paying attention to details (细节) is important as well. Many designs depend on a lot of little details. Mechanical engineers also need to be able to use different tools, such as calculators, high-speed cameras, and computers. There are many computer programmes mechanical engineers use to create designs, run scenarios (方案), and do research. As with many other jobs, mechanical engineers should be able to meet deadlines (期限) and work well with other people. Some jobs can be done with just one person, but more often mechanical engineers work on a team to complete a project. If an engineer cannot manage his or her time well and misses a deadline, the whole team will get delayed (拖延). Some engineers work in an office, and some travel to different worksites while a machine or product is being built, so they can help solve any problems. Mechanical engineering takes a lot of thought. It is a great career for people who like to make objects and machines work, solve problems, and be creative! 30．What is a mechanical engineer responsible for? 31．To be a mechanical engineer, what will a student learn in college? 32．How can mechanical engineers come up with the best solution to a problem? 33．Why should a mechanical engineer be able to meet deadlines? 34．In your opinion, which quality (品质) of mechanical engineers should students learn? Why? （八） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 How much do you know about yourself? Knowing your own strengths and weaknesses is the first step to success. A recent survey of 500 middle school students found that only 30% of them could clearly describe their own personalities. Most students said they knew what subjects they were good at, but they had never thought about what kind of person they were. The survey also showed that students who understood their own personalities better were more confident in making decisions. For example, a student who knows that he is creative and imaginative might choose to join the art club rather than the maths club. A student who knows that she is patient and careful might decide to volunteer at a local hospital. Experts suggest that students should spend some time thinking about their own characters. Ask yourself: Am I outgoing or quiet? Am I good at working with people or do I prefer working alone? What are my strengths and what are my weaknesses? The answers to these questions can help you make better choices about your future. 35．How many students in the survey could clearly describe their personalities? 36．According to the survey, what were students more confident in doing? 37．If a student is patient and careful, where might she volunteer? 38．What do experts suggest students should do? 39．What is the passage mainly about? （九） Do you know yourself well? Your personality can influence your life in many ways, including your choice of career. Some jobs are more suitable for certain personality types. For example, if you are outgoing and like working with people, you might make a good teacher or social worker. If you are creative and love art, you could become a designer or artist. If you are careful and patient, jobs like accountant or surgeon might be right for you. Wu Wei is a born artist. His creative work has impressed the whole country. He is always searching for something better. He never shows off, though he has won high praise from the art community. Fang Yuan, a surgeon, is the chief doctor in the hospital. She is careful and patient. She devotes most of her time to her work. She says, “A miss is as good as a mile.” She thinks doctors can’t be too careful. Su Ning is the general manager of a company. She is active and energetic. She is ready to take on new challenges at any time. She believes that it is you who shape your life and your future. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题（每题答案不超过8个词）。 40．What can influence your choice of career according to the passage? 41．What kind of person might make a good teacher? 42．What has Wu Wei impressed the whole country with? 43．What does Fang Yuan think doctors should be? 44．What does Su Ning believe about shaping life and future? （十） What shapes our personality? Many students have the same question. Scientists tell us two main influences: nature and environment. Nature means what you get when you are born. Some people are born energetic, while others are quiet by birth. Environment includes family, friends, school and different experiences. If your parents are patient and organized, you may learn good qualities from them. If you meet lots of challenges and overcome them, you may become braver. But personality is not fixed. You can change yourself. If you are careless, you can practise checking your work again and again. If you lose your temper easily, you can take a deep breath when you feel angry. Knowing what influences your personality helps you improve yourself. You cannot change your nature, but you can change your habits and develop better qualities. Don’t wait for changes to come. Try to shape your personality and become a better version of yourself. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题 45．What two things shape our personality according to the passage? 46．What does the word “nature” mean in the text? 47．Can people change their personality? 48．What can you practise if you are a careless person? 49．What should we do to become a better person? 《Unit 1 Know yourself单元话题阅读专项练习》参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 A B B C D B A C C B 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 C B C A B C B C B D 题号 21 22 23 24 答案 B C A D 1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了天津泰达一中学生因对职业缺乏了解，开展“点职成诗，指引未来”的活动，采访专业人士并分享信息，旨在帮助学生认识职业多样性。 【详解】1．根据第二段“To provide helpful guidance, students from TEDA No.1 Secondary School started an activity”可知，开展活动是为了提供有用的指导。 2．根据第四段摄影师所说“For example, they have to talk with different people and keep an eye on the weather. One of the biggest challenges is the awful weather. So I think the job isn’t easy”可知，摄影师需要关注天气。 3．根据最后一段“We believe work should be about love.”可知，赵雅洁认为人们应该做自己热爱的工作。 4．第一段提出问题，即大多数学生对未来工作了解甚少；第二段说明学生开展活动来提供指导；第三、四段通过举例说明活动的具体内容，第五段阐述活动的意义。所以文章结构为①/②/③④⑤。 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 【导语】本篇是说明文，主要介绍毕业生如何挑选适合自己的工作，给出了几个择业的步骤。 【详解】5．原文第一段“In fact, there are different kinds of jobs in this society, but how should young people choose a proper one?”，由此可知one指代前文的job。 6．原文第一段“Every year, thousands of students leave universities or colleges so it is a big problem for them to find a fine job.”，由此可知年轻人找到合适的工作并不容易，是困难的。 7．原文第三段“There is a difference between an interest and a skill. If you like art and enjoy looking at pictures, that is an interest, but if you can draw a horse and it looks like a horse instead of a big dog, that is a skill.”，由此可知技能侧重“擅长、能够完成某事”，擅长写故事属于技能，其余选项只是爱好。 8．第一段引出年轻人择业难的社会现象，第二段总起说明将给出择业的相关建议，第三到第六段依次介绍四个择业的具体步骤，整体结构为①/②/③④⑤⑥。 9．本文是关于毕业生择业的实用指导性文章，这类内容常见于报纸的生活或就业版面，不可能出现在故事书、旅行书籍或健康杂志中。 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同的性格类型、各自特点，指出没有完美的性格，我们应当认清自身优缺点、不断完善自我。 【详解】10．根据原文第一段“Personalities decide our behaviors and habits.” 可知，性格影响我们的行为。 11．根据第二段“An organized person always plans things ahead.”可知，有组织的人是会提前规划的。 12．根据第二段“This good habit makes them efficient in study and work.”前文说提前规划、不拖延，所以学习工作“高效”，efficient意为“高效的”。 13．根据第三段“A careless person may make mistakes easily, but they are usually easy-going.”可知，句中but表示转折，粗心的人容易犯错，但优点是随和。 14．全文介绍了不同的性格类型、各自特点，指出没有完美的性格，我们应当认清自身优缺点、不断完善自我，选项A“Different Personalities”最合适。 15．B 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人们难以清晰认识自我的原因，并给出了通过有效提问和记录习惯来培养自我认知的方法。 【详解】15．第一段第一句“One reason is that we judge ourselves by our intentions, while other people judge us by our behaviour.”说明，我们依据意图评判自己，而他人依据行为评判我们，这是他人看法与我们不同的原因。 16．第二段第二、三句“We remember the times we spoke up far better...Psychologists describe this as a ‘friendly editor’...cutting out whatever does not suit the plot.”表明，“友好的编辑”指大脑会筛选记忆，保留符合自我叙事的即美化自身的内容。 17．第三段第二、三句“‘Am I a good friend?’ invites politeness. ‘What is one thing I do that annoys you?’ invites the truth.”说明，“我是好朋友吗？”这类问题易引发礼貌性回应而非真实反馈。 18．第四段第三、四句“Once a week, write down...After two months, read the pages together. Patterns appear that no single day could ever show.”指出，每周记录能在一段时间后显现单日无法呈现的模式。 19．最后一段“Self-knowledge...is not a gift that a few lucky people are born with. It is a habit, built by asking better questions and keeping honest records.”强调，自我认知不是少数人的天赋，而是可通过习惯培养的能力。 20．D 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨性格是否一成不变。长久以来人们认为性格与生俱来无法改变，一项实验证明持续完成小型社交任务可以提升自信；研究者用比喻说明性格能够依靠重复行为慢慢重塑，同时人不会彻底变成另一种人，我们应当持有适度理性的态度看待性格改变。 【详解】20．第一段“For a long time, people believed that personality was fixed at birth, rather like eye colour.”说明长久以来人们认为性格在出生时就定型，出生之后不会改变，对应选项D“It never changed after birth.”。 21．第二段“None of the tasks was frightening on its own.”表明实验里每周的任务都设置得很小，单独一项任务不会让人感到害怕，目的是让害羞的学生更容易接受这些任务，对应选项B“To make them easy for shy students to accept.”。 22．第三段“Personality is not a stone; it is more like a path through long grass. The more often we walk one way, the deeper that path becomes. Yet a new path can be created, slowly, by repeated steps.”，划线句子把“性格”比作“草丛中的小路”，反复行走会形成路径，新的道路也可以依靠不断迈步慢慢开辟，暗示性格能够依靠反复的行动慢慢重塑，对应选项C“Personality can be slowly reshaped by repeated action.”。 23．第一段“Recent studies suggest a more hopeful picture.”以及第四段最后一句“What the studies show is smaller but far more useful: we can widen the range of behaviours we feel comfortable with, while keeping the people we truly are.”说明作者认为性格可以做出一定调整，但人不会彻底变成另一种人，态度谨慎且抱有希望，对应选项A“Careful but hopeful.”。 24．全文围绕核心问题“性格是否能够改变”展开论述，先介绍旧观点，再用实验、研究进行论证，D选项“Can Personality Be Changed”适合作标题。 25．They are good at time planning. 26．They have rich imagination. 27．Because they cannot get on well with others. 28．We should keep our good qualities. 29．We can learn good qualities from others. 【导语】本文主要讲述不同性格的优缺点以及我们应当如何完善自我性格。 【详解】25．第一段指出“Organized people are good at time planning.”，有条理的人擅长时间规划。 26．第一段指出“Creative people have rich imagination and are good at creating new ways.”，有创造力的人拥有丰富的想象力。 27．第二段指出“Selfish people cannot get on well with others.”，自私的人不受欢迎是因为他们不能和别人和睦相处。 28．第三段指出“We need to keep our good qualities and correct bad ones.”，我们在性格中应当保留我们好的品质。 29．第三段指出“Learning good qualities from others is also a good way to improve ourselves.”，除了改正坏品质，我们还可以向别人学习好品质来完善我们的性格。 30．He/She is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems. 31．He/She will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills. 32．They need to think in different ways, be creative and pay attention to details. 33．Because if an engineer misses a deadline, the whole team will get delayed. 34．I think students should learn to think in different ways, be creative and pay attention to details. Because they are not only helpful in jobs, but also meaningful in our daily life. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机械工程师这一职业，包括其工作职责、市场需求、教育背景、所需技能、团队合作要求以及工作地点等内容。 【详解】30．根据第一段中“A mechanical engineer is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems.”可知，机械工程师负责提出并设计机械系统。因此答案是原文直接信息。 31．根据第三段中“In college, you will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.”可知，在大学里，学生将学习解决问题和批判性思维技能。因此答案是原文中的具体表述，直接提取。 32．根据第四段中“To come up with the best solution to a problem, mechanical engineers need to think in different ways. They also need to be creative, because they may need to make something that’s never been made before. Paying attention to details is important as well.”可知，机械工程师需要以不同的方式思考、要有创造力并注意细节，这样才能提出最佳解决方案。答案需综合该段信息进行归纳。 33．根据第六段中“If an engineer cannot manage his or her time well and misses a deadline, the whole team will get delayed.”可知，如果工程师错过截止日期，整个团队都会被拖延。因此答案是对原文原因的直接提取。 34．开放题，答案不唯一。需结合文中提到的多种品质（如多角度思考、创造力、注重细节、团队合作、时间管理等），表明自己的观点并给出合理的理由。例如可以提到这些品质不仅对职业有帮助，对学习和生活也同样重要。 35．150 students. 36．Making decisions. 37．At a local hospital. 38．Think about their own characters. 39．Knowing yourself./Self-understanding. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了了解自身性格、优缺点的重要性及其对做决定的帮助，并给出了相关建议。 【详解】35．第二段“A recent survey of 500 middle school students found that only 30% of them could clearly describe their own personalities.”指出500名中学生，能清楚描述性格的学生有30%，提取数字并计算，是“150 students.”。 36．第三段“The survey also showed that students who understood their own personalities better were more confident in making decisions.”表明学生在做决定方面更自信。直接提取信息为“Making decisions.”。 37．第三段“A student who knows that she is patient and careful might decide to volunteer at a local hospital.”表明耐心细致的学生可能在当地医院志愿服务。直接提取地点为“At a local hospital.”。 38．第四段“Experts suggest that students should spend some time thinking about their own characters.”，专家建议学生思考自己的性格。提取信息并精简为“Think about their own characters.”。 39．第一段“Knowing your own strengths and weaknesses is the first step to success.”点明主题句，全文主要关于了解自身优缺点。概括全文核心主题为“Knowing yourself./Self-understanding.”。 40．Your personality. 41．Outgoing people liking working with others. 42．His creative work. 43．They should be careful. 44．It is you who shape it. 【导语】本文主要介绍了性格对职业选择的影响，列举了不同性格类型适合的职业，并通过吴伟、方圆和苏宁三位人物的具体例子说明了性格与职业的匹配关系。 【详解】40．第一段第二句明确说明影响职业选择的因素：“Your personality can influence your life in many ways, including your choice of career.” 答案是原文直接信息，直接提取即可。 41．第二段第一句明确说明适合成为教师的人：“...if you are outgoing and like working with people, you might make a good teacher...” 提取关键信息作答即可。 42．第三段第二句明确说明吴伟给全国留下印象的作品：“His creative work has impressed the whole country.” 答案是原文直接信息，直接提取即可。 43．第四段最后一句说明方圆认为医生应该怎样：“She thinks doctors can’t be too careful.” 即医生应该非常细心。答案是原文直接信息的提炼。 44．最后一段最后一句明确说明苏宁关于塑造生活和未来的信念：“She believes that it is you who shape your life and your future.” 答案是原文直接信息的提炼。 45．Nature and environment. 46．It means what you get when you are born. 47．Yes, they can. 48．I can practise checking my work again and again. 49．We should try to shape our personality and become a better version of ourselves. 【导语】本文主要讲述了影响性格的两个主要因素：先天因素和环境因素，并指出性格并非一成不变，人们可以通过努力改变自己的习惯和品质。 【详解】45．第二段直接点明了科学家提出的两个主要影响因素“Scientists tell us two main influences: nature and environment.”，因此答案是原文直接信息。 46．第二段提到“Nature means what you get when you are born.”，因此答案是对该定义的直接引用。 47．第四段提到“But personality is not fixed. You can change yourself.”，因此答案是肯定的，且能从文中找到明确依据。 48．第四段提到“If you are careless, you can practise checking your work again and again.”，根据原文信息作答即可。 49．第五段提到“Try to shape your personality and become a better version of yourself.”和“Don’t wait for changes to come.”，根据原文信息作答即可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $