2027届高考英语一轮复习之概要写作15篇（上海专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语概要写作，精选15篇跨科学、教育、社会等主题文章，通过典型题例系统训练主旨提炼与逻辑表达能力，契合语言能力与思维品质培养要求。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概要写作训练|15篇（涵盖科学研究、青少年教育、社会现象等）|要求60词内概括文章main idea及main points，强调用自己的话精准表达|以多样话题文本为载体，构建“主题理解-要点筛选-语言压缩”思维链条，通过不同体裁文本训练信息提炼与逻辑整合能力|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 概要写作15篇 序号 核心内容总结 1 小动作（坐立不安）并非坏习惯，科学证明抖腿等身体微动有利于减压、降低久坐带来的健康风险，人们应当转变对 fidgeting 的偏见 2 家长激励青少年学习时，劝说、奖惩等外部激励容易引发孩子逆反；最好的方式是创设环境，激发青少年内在学习动机，让孩子自主管理目标 3 给出成功公开演讲三方面策略：做好演讲稿内容准备、学会和听众互动、有效调控自身紧张焦虑情绪 4 科学研究证实睡眠的 N1 浅睡过渡期能够激发创造力；专家建议睡醒后不要立刻起身，以此留住灵感 5 车载触屏现已普及，对比实体按键，触屏存在驾驶分心、操作不便等安全隐患；但触屏也具备功能自定义、降低造车成本等优势，车企未来或将转向语音操控技术 6 “数字黑暗时代” 危机：大量数字资料会因为设备、系统淘汰而无法读取；研究者提出云端存储全套运行环境的解决方案，但普通人日常数字痕迹依旧有丢失风险 7 介绍情商 EQ 的定义，对比高情商、低情商带来的不同影响，并给出可行的提升情商的方法 8 免疫系统区分自身组织和病原体的两种机制：中枢免疫耐受与 2025 诺奖新发现外周免疫耐受（调节性 T 细胞）；这项发现为自身免疫病、癌症等疾病治疗带来新方向 9 以实例引入网络欺凌，介绍网络欺凌的特点、成因、身心危害；提出家长、社交媒体平台共同参与的综合治理方案 10 器乐训练能够提升儿童阅读能力；脑扫描研究表明学乐器的孩子拥有更趋于成人化的语言大脑处理模式，音乐训练还可促进右脑发育 11 记忆力不是天生固定的，记忆专家给出多种提升记忆的实操策略：延后复习、学后放空休息、交叉学习不同科目、建立图像联想等 12 剑桥大学研究表明，青少年的自我价值胜任感（eudaimonia）与学业成绩高度相关，而单纯的幸福感 / 生活满意度和成绩无关，现行教育政策应重视培养学生目标感与自我信念 13 幼儿缺少接触大自然的机会会损害身心健康、创造力与社交能力；教师应增加户外自由活动，面向 08 岁儿童开展环境教育，越早开展效果越持久 14 手足关系对人一生有着长期重大影响；积极的手足关系带来益处，紧张欺凌式的手足关系易造成心理伤害；兄弟姐妹间还会出现行为模仿，进而影响人生道路 15 园艺疗法借助园艺活动促进人们身心健康；研究证实它减压健脑，能够给予人成就感，现已用于老人、戒毒人群的康复项目，未来医疗应用前景广阔 1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. As a child, I was regularly told off for swinging on my chair, and fidgeting through story time. Eventually, I learned to resist the desire to fidget. Today, I can sit still for hours with barely a shuffle. It turns out, however, that I may have been better-off before. Let's dig a bit more into the science. Fidgeting is defined as moving or acting impatiently or nervously. However, James Levine, a professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, says it is better defined as a neurologically programmed rhythmic-movement of a body part. In other words, the fidget factor is an outward sign of a natural desire to move. While no evidence shows that fidgeting directly leads to a longer life, studies have shown fidgeting can help. For one, fidgeting may help us cope with stress. In one study, volunteers were put in a stressful situation, a simulated job interview followed by a mental arithmetic (算术) task. Researchers found those who fidgeted by displaying “displacement behavior,” such as scratching, biting their lips or touching their face, found the experience less stressful. Meanwhile, fidgeting may also help lower some of the other risks that come with a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. Feet tapping while sitting, for example, can protect the arteries (动脉) in-legs-and potentially help prevent related diseases. “If you’re sedentary, that’s not good for you. But if you’re sedentary and fidget, it reduces your risk of long-term ill health,” says Janet Cade at the University of Leeds. The findings raise questions about whether the way we perceive people who fidget should change. Fidgeting is often seen as rude or an indication that someone is not paying attention. But if these simple movements are good for our health, maybe they should be indulged. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 I was told not to fidget in my childhood, but these small movements carry benefits. Defined as restless movement, fidgeting actually reflects our natural urge to move. Fidgeting may relieve stress and promote longevity as simple movement mitigates the diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, we should shift our attitude and recognize its hidden health value in these actions. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说小时候作者被告知不要动来动去，但这些细微的动作其实有益健康。所谓“小动作”，即不安的肢体活动，实际上反映了我们天生的运动欲望。适度的小动作有助于缓解压力，并延长寿命，因为简单的活动可以减轻久坐生活方式带来的各种疾病。因此，我们应该转变观念，认识到这些行为背后隐藏的健康价值。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①As a child, I was regularly told off for swinging on my chair, and fidgeting through story time. It turns out, however, that I may have been better-off before. ②Fidgeting is defined as moving or acting impatiently or nervously. However, James Levine, a professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, says it is better defined as a neurologically programmed rhythmic-movement of a body part. In other words, the fidget factor is an outward sign of a natural desire to move. ③For one, fidgeting may help us cope with stress. ④Meanwhile, fidgeting may also help lower some of the other risks that come with a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. But if you’re sedentary and fidget, it reduces your risk of long-term ill health,” says Janet Cade at the University of Leeds. ⑤The findings raise questions about whether the way we perceive people who fidget should change. Fidgeting is often seen as rude or an indication that someone is not paying attention. But if these simple movements are good for our health, maybe they should be indulged. 2. 缜密构思：将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分论。 3. 遣词造句： I was told not to fidget in my childhood, but these small movements carry benefits. Defined as restless movement, fidgeting actually reflects our natural urge to move. Fidgeting may relieve stress and promote longevity as simple movement mitigates the diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, we should shift our attitude and recognize its hidden health value in these actions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Defined as restless movement, fidgeting actually reflects our natural urge to move. (运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】Fidgeting may relieve stress and promote longevity as simple movement mitigates the diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle. (运用了as引导原因状语从句) 2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is in a resistant place, this reasonable approach can be more irritating than encouraging since it communicates continuing dissatisfaction with how he is performing in life. He may reply, “Stop lecturing! You’ve told me all of this before!” This is when parents often increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or vowing punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when perceived as threats that benefits will be denied if improvement is not forthcoming. The young person can rebel against being pushed around. And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. Parents cannot reward, push, or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. Then they must refrain from taking any ownership of its development. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids on a visit to a college of possible interest. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids meet with an admissions person who tells them the GPA and course work she needs to get in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Though teens lack parents’ desired motivation, they pursue fun and avoid labor, calling for proper parental motivation. External methods including persuasion, rewards and punishment often backfire, annoying teens and triggering their resistance. Instead, parents ought to foster teenagers’ inner motivation by building situations arousing their self-interest and letting them manage their own matters independently. 【导语】这篇文章主要讨论了青少年只愿享乐、逃避努力，家长常用劝说、奖惩等外部激励易引发抵触，更好的办法是营造环境激发孩子内在驱动力，让其自主规划目标。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). ②To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. ③And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. ④Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. ⑤That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 Although teenagers lack the motivation expected by their parents, they are more in pursuit of fun and avoid labor, so they need appropriate parental encouragement. External means such as persuasion, rewards and punishments often backfire and easily annoy teenagers, stimulating their resistance. On the contrary, parents should create situations that can stimulate teenagers' own interests and allow them to handle their own affairs independently to cultivate their internal motivation. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Though teens lack parents’ desired motivation, they pursue fun and avoid labor, calling for proper parental motivation.（运用了Though引导的让步状语从句） [高分句型2] External methods including persuasion, rewards and punishment often backfire, annoying teens and triggering their resistance.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词annoying作状语） 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Public speaking is a valuable skill that can boost your confidence and open up new opportunities. However, for many people, the thought of standing in front of an audience can be nerve-wracking. You might wonder how to organize your thoughts, engage your audience, or control your nervousness. This article will guide you through the process of delivering a perfect public speech. Before you step onto the stage, the most important thing is to prepare your speech content. Start by defining the purpose of your speech — are you informing, persuading, or entertaining? Once you have a clear goal, brainstorm key points that support your main idea. Organizing your speech into an introduction, body, and conclusion can make it easier for your audience to follow. In the introduction, grab the audience’s attention with a question, a story, or a surprising fact. The body should contain two or three main points, each supported by examples, data, or anecdotes. Finally, conclude with a strong closing statement that reinforces your message. Practicing your speech multiple times can help you refine your wording and timing. Once your content is ready, the next step is to focus on how to connect with your audience. Start by making eye contact with different parts of the audience instead of looking at your notes or the floor. Using natural gestures and moving around the stage can make you appear more confident and keep the audience engaged. Additionally, varying your tone, volume, and pace can help maintain interest. For instance, slow down when making an important point and speed up slightly during less critical sections to add variety. Asking rhetorical questions or including relatable stories can also make your speech more interactive and memorable. Even the most experienced speakers feel nervous before a speech. The key is to manage that anxiety effectively. One helpful technique is deep breathing — taking slow, deep breaths before you speak can calm your nerves. Visualizing a successful speech can also boost your confidence. Arriving early to familiarize yourself with the stage and audience can reduce uncertainty. It’s also beneficial to record yourself to identify areas for improvement. Remember, small mistakes are normal, and most audiences are supportive and understanding. Focusing on your message rather than your fear can make a significant difference. Delivering a perfect public speech involves arduous work, but with practice and these steps in mind, your next public speech can be a success. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Public speaking is important yet demanding. First, prepare the speech content by knowing your purpose, and organizing it using an introduction, body and conclusion. More practice will help. Next, engage with the audience through eye contact, gestures, varied tone, and relatable stories. Also, manage nervousness by deep breathing, visualizing, arriving early and recording yourself. Remember small mistakes are acceptable. 【导语】文章主要讲述了克服紧张、进行成功演讲的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Public speaking is a valuable skill that can boost your confidence and open up new opportunities. However, for many people, the thought of standing in front of an audience can be nerve-wracking. ②Before you step onto the stage, the most important thing is to prepare your speech content. Start by defining the purpose of your speech — are you informing, persuading, or entertaining? ③Organizing your speech into an introduction, body, and conclusion can make it easier for your audience to follow. ④Practicing your speech multiple times can help you refine your wording and timing. ⑤Once your content is ready, the next step is to focus on how to connect with your audience. Start by making eye contact with different parts of the audience instead of looking at your notes or the floor. ⑥Using natural gestures and moving around the stage can make you appear more confident and keep the audience engaged. Additionally, varying your tone, volume, and pace can help maintain interest.Asking rhetorical questions or including relatable stories can also make your speech more interactive and memorable. ⑦The key is to manage that anxiety effectively. One helpful technique is deep breathing — taking slow, deep breaths before you speak can calm your nerves. Visualizing a successful speech can also boost your confidence. Arriving early to familiarize yourself with the stage and audience can reduce uncertainty. It’s also beneficial to record yourself to identify areas for improvement. ⑧Remember, small mistakes are normal, and most audiences are supportive and understanding. 2. 缜密构思 将要点1、4、7、8进行重组概括，要点2和3、5和6进行整合。 3. 遣词造句 Public speaking can benefit you a lot but doing it may cause nervousness. You should make full preparations for your content, giving it a fixed goal. It is essential to communicate with the audience with proper body language. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, prepare the speech content by knowing your purpose, and organizing it using clean and effective introduction, body and conclusion.(使用了动名词knowing…和organizing…作宾语、现在分词using…作状语) 【高分句型2】Remember small mistakes are acceptable.(使用了省略that的宾语从句) 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping makes Idea Work? Here’s what Science says Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. Now, science is starting to back them up. Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. It’s a border between sleeping and waking, where we have vivid, dream-like thoughts that mix with our recent experiences. Brain studies show that during N1, parts of the brain linked to free thinking are active, which are important for creativity. A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. Similarly, another experiment used a sound to tell people to “think of a tree” when they were sleeping. The group that was woken up during N1 stage did 48% better on creativity tasks like thinking of uses for a tree This highlights N1’s unique role in stimulating innovation through its mixing state of relaxed focus. Scientists say different sleep stages might help different kinds of thinking, and the lines between stages aren’t perfect. But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. Instead, close your eyes and try to remember your dreams, the sounds you heard, or the images you saw. This lets the brain’s “sleep chemistry” stay a bit longer, helping you explore new ideas. In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest — it could be a door to creativity. Science is now proving what Edison and Dali seemed to know: sleep can help us see things in new ways. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Scientific research confirms that sleep fuels creative breakthroughs, a view shared by Edison and Dali. The brief N1 sleep stage, the transition between wakefulness and sleep, activates brain areas linked to free thinking. Studies show people in this stage perform far better in creative tasks. Experts suggest lingering briefly after waking to sustain this creative effect. 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了爱迪生、达利等名人认为睡眠有助创新，科学证实浅睡N1阶段活跃自由思维，大幅提升创意能力，专家建议醒后静卧片刻留住灵感。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. ②Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. ③A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. ④But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. ⑤In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest--- it could be a door to creativity. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 Scientific research has confirmed that sleep can facilitate creative breakthroughs, and this view has also been endorsed by Edison and Dali.. The brief N1 sleep stage is a transitional period between wakefulness and sleep, which activates brain regions related to free thinking. Experts suggest that taking a short break after waking up can help maintain this creative effect. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Scientific research confirms that sleep fuels creative breakthroughs, a view shared by Edison and Dali.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及过去分词作后置定语修饰a view） [高分句型2] Studies show people in this stage perform far better in creative tasks.（运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句） 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are Touchscreens in Cars Safe? For years, almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to seat heating. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping systems are sometimes screen-controlled. Industry data show that about 97% of new cars produced globally now come equipped with at least one touchscreen, with approximately 81 million units shipped worldwide in 2025 alone. But is it really safe? The case against them is straightforward. Physical buttons allow drivers to learn their locations and press them without taking their eyes off the road. In contrast, a touchscreen offers no physical feedback, requiring drivers to spend more time locating and operating controls. One study found that an old car with buttons completed simple tasks in 10 seconds, while a touchscreen-equipped car took 45 seconds. Additionally, if drivers have wet fingers, wear gloves in cold weather, or drive on rough roads, the screen can become hard to use. However, physical buttons work reliably in such extreme conditions. Worse still, a bright screen at night can interfere with a driver’s vision. Even at its lowest brightness setting, the light pulls drivers’ eyes away from the road, increasing the risk of nighttime accidents. However, not everyone hates them. Admittedly, screen-based controls allow drivers to decide how features are arranged according to their daily needs, something physical buttons cannot easily match. Also, a single screen replaces dozens of physical buttons, reducing production costs. This allows carmakers to offer more competitive prices or invest in other safety features like better airbags. Whether drivers prefer or dislike touchscreens, innovation in car technology shows no signs of slowing. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favor, many carmakers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays almost all newly-produced cars are equipped with multifunctional touchscreens, which distract drivers and work worse than physical buttons. However, they allow drivers to rearrange functions freely and cut carmakers’ production expenses. Though people hold mixed views on them, auto manufacturers are shifting to voice control for new vehicle technology. (50 words) 【导语】本文主要介绍了汽车触屏的普及现状、它相较于实体按键的安全弊端与独有优势，以及车载技术后续的创新发展趋势。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①For years, almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to seat heating. ②Physical buttons allow drivers to learn their locations and press them without taking their eyes off the road. ③In contrast, a touchscreen offers no physical feedback, requiring drivers to spend more time locating and operating controls. ④Admittedly, screen-based controls allow drivers to decide how features are arranged according to their daily needs, something physical buttons cannot easily match. ⑤Also, a single screen replaces dozens of physical buttons, reducing production costs. ⑥Even as touchscreens are falling out of favor, many carmakers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. 2.缜密构思 ①作为背景引入，将②③两个要点进行重组，对比实体按键与触屏的驾驶安全差异，将④⑤要点进行整合，归纳触屏的两大突出优势，⑥交代行业后续发展走向。 3.遣词造句 Multifunctional touchscreens have become standard equipment on nearly every new car currently on the market. Touchscreens pose greater driving risks compared with traditional physical control buttons. Car producers plan to develop voice control as the next generation of in-car operation technology. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays almost all newly-produced cars are equipped with multifunctional touchscreens, which distract drivers and work worse than physical buttons. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，避免了简单句堆砌) 【高分句型2】Though people hold mixed views on them, auto manufacturers are shifting to voice control for new vehicle technology. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句，逻辑清晰，提升书面表达的层次感) 6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.     The Risk of a Digital Dark Age Imagine it’s 2040, and someone discovers floppy disks and VHS tapes labeled “Records and early videos of Bill Gates [1975-1985].” At first, this seems exciting, but frustration soon follows — recovering the information is nearly impossible. Even if the media are in good condition, finding a device to read them is a challenge. While digital technology allows us to store vast amounts of information, how long will our access last? Unlike physical disks and tapes, online data can disappear instantly. This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today’s digital records. If current practices continue, much of our digital history could become inaccessible. Vint Cerf, one of the founding fathers of the internet, argues that this could happen if we don’t act quickly. The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. For example, CD players and old operating systems may become out of date, making even preserved data unreadable. The problem is particularly challenging with interactive apps and websites. While letters from centuries ago are still readable, will we be able to access a Weibo feed or a WeChat exchange a hundred years from now? This issue has led Mahadev Satyanarayanan of Carnegie Mellon University to take action. He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan stress the need for intentional preservation. Unlike physical records that can be stored indefinitely, digital information requires active decisions on what to save and how to store it. While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      Experts warn of a “digital dark age”, where future generations may lose access to today’s records due to a lack of reading technology. To address this, a cloud system storing records along with their operating tools has been developed, ensuring accessibility despite technological change. However, only major records may survive, while everyday digital traces risk being lost. 【导语】文章主要介绍了数字数据因技术过时可能无法读取，引发“数字黑暗时代”的担忧，专家提出云端保存方案，但日常数据仍易丢失。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today‘s digital records. ② The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. ③ He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. ④ This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. ⑤ While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. 2. 缜密构思 将①②整合为问题，③为对策，④⑤为结果与局限。 3. 遣词造句 Experts warn of a “digital dark age”, where future generations may lose access to today’s records due to a lack of reading technology. To address this, a cloud system storing records along with their operating tools has been developed, ensuring accessibility despite technological change. However, only major records may survive, while everyday digital traces risk being lost. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Experts warn of a “digital dark age”, where future generations may lose access to today’s records due to a lack of reading technology. (使用了where引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】To address this, a cloud system storing records along with their operating tools has been developed, ensuring accessibility despite technological change. (使用了不定式“To address this”作目的状语，现在分词“storing records along with their operating tools”作后置定语以及现在分词“ensuring accessibility despite technological change”作结果状语) 7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Your Emotional Quotient (EQ)? Have you ever tried to talk with someone who constantly dominates the conversation? Perhaps, you can’t get a word in because they talk over you. This person probably suffers from low emotional intelligence or has a low emotional quotient. EQ is the ability to be aware of, manage and express your own emotions in appropriate ways. It also includes being aware of the emotions of those around you and responding in appropriate ways. Many people with a high EQ often have good communication as well as strong problem-solving abilities. This helps them handle tricky social situations, which sometimes involve multiple viewpoints and many emotions. These abilities are beneficial in professional and personal settings alike, whereas a low EQ can cause problems. A low EQ means you have trouble expressing your emotions and difficulty recognizing what others are feeling. You don’t value other people’s opinions, which often contributes to difficulty in maintaining relationships. You don’t like to admit your faults, and you don’t usually give praise. You often give inappropriate responses in social and professional settings, causing others to feel confused or embarrassed. If you believe you have a low EQ, take heart; you can make changes and improve it. First, work to become more aware of your emotions and how you respond to various situations. Understanding your feelings makes it easier to manage them. Next, actively listen to others by asking questions and watching their body language. This will enable you to respond correctly and give them valuable advice and encouragement. Finally, staying positive and calm can help those around you to stay calm in stressful situations. When you develop a high EQ, it will provide benefits and victories in many areas of your life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    This passage introduces what EQ is: it refers to the ability to recognize and properly manage both your own and others’emotions. It explains benefits of high EQ, harms of low EQ, and methods to improve low EQ. 【导语】这篇文章定义了情商（EQ）的概念，说明了高情商的优势、低情商的负面影响，同时介绍了提升情商的可行方法，指出高情商能为生活诸多领域带来益处。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①EQ is the ability to be aware of, manage and express your own emotions in appropriate ways. ②Many people with a high EQ often have good communication as well as strong problem-solving abilities. ③A low EQ means you have trouble expressing your emotions and difficulty recognizing what others are feeling. ④If you believe you have a low EQ, take heart; you can make changes and improve it. 2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行重组整合，将第4个要点进行句意转换。 3.遣词造句 This passage introduces what EQ is: it refers to the ability to recognize and properly manage both your own and others’emotions. It explains benefits of high EQ, harms of low EQ, and methods to improve low EQ. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This passage introduces what EQ is: it refers to the ability to recognize and properly manage both your own and others’emotions.(运用了what引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型1】It explains benefits of high EQ, harms of low EQ, and methods to improve low EQ.(运用了省略that的宾语从句) 8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How the Immune System is Kept in Check The immune system is a true masterpiece of evolution. Each day, it defends us against thousands of viruses, bacteria, and other microbes that seek to invade our bodies. One of its most remarkable abilities lies in accurately identifying pathogens (病原体) and distinguishing them from the body’s own cells. It’s not easy. The microbes that threaten our health do not wear a uniform — they all have different appearances. Many even have developed similarities to human cells. So how does the immune system consistently recognize what to attack and what to protect? Why does it not turn against our own tissues more frequently? For a long time, researchers believed they had the answer: a mechanism known as central immune tolerance, through which immune cells learn to recognize “self” during their development. However, the immune system turned out to be far more complex than previously understood. It is for this reason that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded for the discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance (外周免疫耐受). The laureates (获奖者) identified the immune system’s specialized “security team” — regulatory T cells. These cells prevent other T cells from mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissue, which is important for a process called peripheral immune tolerance. They also ensure the immune system to calm down after it has eliminated an invader, so it does not continue working at top speed. These groundbreaking discoveries have laid the foundation for an entirely new field of research. They have also led to the development of novel medical treatments currently under evaluation in clinical trials. These advances hold promise for treating autoimmune diseases, improving cancer treatment, and reducing serious complications after stem cell transplants. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    People once believed central immune tolerance stops the immune system from harming body tissues. The 2025 Nobel Prize winners discovered peripheral immune tolerance, where regulatory T cells prevent mistaken self-attack and calm overactive immune responses. These pioneering findings inspire new research and offer promising treatments for autoimmune diseases, cancer and transplant complications. 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨免疫系统如何不误伤自身组织。学界曾认为中枢免疫耐受是关键，2025 诺奖发现调节性 T 细胞介导外周免疫耐受，相关成果催生多种前沿疗法。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The immune system is a true masterpiece of evolution. Each day, it defends us against thousands of viruses, bacteria, and other microbes that seek to invade our bodies. ②For a long time, researchers believed they had the answer: a mechanism known as central immune tolerance, through which immune cells learn to recognize “self” during their development. ③The laureates (获奖者) identified the immune system’s specialized “security team” — regulatory T cells. ④These cells prevent other T cells from mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissue, which is important for a process called peripheral immune tolerance. ⑤These groundbreaking discoveries have laid the foundation for an entirely new field of research. 2.缜密构思将第1、2点整合为问题描述，第3、4整合为两种具体策略，第5点作为结果和总结。 3.遣词造句 It was once believed that central immune tolerance could prevent the immune system from causing harm to the body’s tissues. In 2025, Nobel Prize winners discovered the peripheral immune tolerance mechanism, in which regulatory T cells can prevent the body from mistakenly attacking itself and suppress excessive immune responses. These groundbreaking discoveries have stimulated new research and provided hope for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and transplant complications. 【点睛】[高分句型1] People once believed central immune tolerance stops the immune system from harming body tissues.（运用了省略从属连词that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] The 2025 Nobel Prize winners discovered peripheral immune tolerance, where regulatory T cells prevent mistaken self-attack and calm overactive immune responses.（运用了关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句） 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Behind the screen A student named Alex created a fake Instagram account and posted a photo of a classmate, Sam, with a cruel tag making fun of Sam’s appearance. Alex also started a group chat where they shared more unflattering photos of Sam and encouraged others to join in. Alex’s actions can be categorized as a form of cyberbullying, a widespread phenomenon in the digital age. Bullies typically bully a person by means of instant messaging or social media. It can take many forms, such as spreading rumors, sharing embarrassing photos or videos, and using hurtful language to attack someone online. Unlike traditional bullying, which is often limited to specific locations like schools or neighborhoods, cyberbullying can occur whether the bully is on vacation or on business, as long as the bully has access to a device connected to the Internet. Bullies engage in invasive behavior because they can hide behind fake profiles. They can separate their online actions from their offline identity, reducing their sense of responsibility. Additionally, sitting at the other end of the screen means bullies do not see the immediate emotional impact of their actions. Individuals are less likely to feel empathy and may fail to recognize how destructive their behavior is. The everlasting online content means that harmful messages or images can remain accessible indefinitely. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. Victims may even experience social disconnection, as they might feel too ashamed or scared to seek help or interact with others, including teachers and parents. Addressing cyberbullying requires a comprehensive approach. Parents need to educate children about the dangers of online behavior and the importance of empathy and respect. Social media platforms also have a responsibility to monitor and remove harmful content, as well as to provide support for victims. By doing this, we can work towards reducing the prevalence of cyberbullying and creating a safer online environment for everyone. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Cyberbullying, a common phenomenon involving the use of electronic communication to bully a person, can occur at any time and place. The anonymity the Internet provides and the lack of face-to-face interaction caused aggressive behavior. Permanent online content can cause distressing emotions and even social isolation. Parental education and the regulation of social media platforms can help reduce cyberbullying. (59) 【导语】文章主要说明了网络欺凌的定义、特点、原因、危害及应对措施。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Alex’s actions can be categorized as a form of cyberbullying, a widespread phenomenon in the digital age. Unlike traditional bullying, which is often limited to specific locations like schools or neighborhoods, cyberbullying can occur whether the bully is on vacation or on business, as long as the bully has access to a device connected to the Internet. ②Bullies engage in invasive behavior because they can hide behind fake profiles. They can separate their online actions from their offline identity, reducing their sense of responsibility. Additionally, sitting at the other end of the screen means bullies do not see the immediate emotional impact of their actions. ③The everlasting online content means that harmful messages or images can remain accessible indefinitely. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. Victims may even experience social disconnection, as they might feel too ashamed or scared to seek help or interact with others, including teachers and parents. ④Parents need to educate children about the dangers of online behavior and the importance of empathy and respect. Social media platforms also have a responsibility to monitor and remove harmful content, as well as to provide support for victims. By doing this, we can work towards reducing the prevalence of cyberbullying and creating a safer online environment for everyone. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②、③个要点分别说明网络欺凌的发生特点、原因和危害，再用第④个要点总结应对措施。 3.遣词造句 Cyberbullying, a common phenomenon involving the use of electronic communication to bully a person, can occur at any time and place. The anonymity the Internet provides and the lack of face-to-face interaction caused aggressive behavior. Permanent online content can cause distressing emotions and even social isolation. Parental education and the regulation of social media platforms can help reduce cyberbullying. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Cyberbullying, a common phenomenon involving the use of electronic communication to bully a person, can occur at any time and place. (运用了现在分词短语作后置定语，使表达更形象) 【高分句型2】The anonymity the Internet provides and the lack of face-to-face interaction caused aggressive behavior. (运用了省略引导词that/which的定语从句，表达严谨) 10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. A study of 57 children found the instrument learners outperformed non-musical peers in phonological awareness and reading skills. Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. Experts say music training also promotes right brain specialization. 【导语】本文主要讲的是此前音乐训练能提升儿童早期阅读能力的作用机制尚不明确，一项针对57名儿童的研究揭开了背后的原理，证实器乐学习能通过优化大脑语言处理模式，显著强化孩子的语音意识与阅读能力，相关发现也得到了学界专家的佐证支撑。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. ②To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. ③In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. ④“The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个背景与结论类要点进行整合，将第2、3两个核心实验发现要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 The long-unclear mechanism of how music training improves early reading has been uncovered by a new study. Instrument-learning children show better phonological awareness and reading skills with more adult-like language processing in the brain. Music training also promotes right-hemisphere specialization which can further speed up reading. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. (运用了it作形式主语、how引导的主语从句) [高分句型2] Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句以及现在分词suggesting作状语) 11．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.   Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there- staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use-it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Memory experts suggest several ways to improve memory. Waiting some time before restudying material, or taking breaks after studying, can help retain information. Changing between different topics during study sessions also enhances memory, for linking ideas and using memorable images or locations for new information can help. Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. (60w) 【导语】本文主要讲的是记忆并非天生固定的能力，我们可以借助记忆专家提出的多种实用策略来改善记忆力，这些经过验证的方法能帮我们更高效地巩固所学内容，最终实现自主提升记忆效果的目标。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? ②According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. ③Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. ④Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. ⑤Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. 2.缜密构思 将第1、5两个核心总述要点进行整合，将第2、3、4三个分述的具体方法要点进行分类重组。 3.遣词造句 Memory experts have put forward several effective strategies which can improve our memory. Proper delayed revision, post-study breaks, cross-topic learning and information association all help us retain content better. Since memory is a trainable skill, we can totally manage to improve our memory through these methods. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Waiting some time before restudying material, or taking breaks after studying, can help retain information.(运用了动名词短语作主语) [高分句型2] Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively.(运用了动名词作主语以及现在分词作状语) 12．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Feeling Competent and Purposeful Helps Adolescents A Lot The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’. While life satisfaction roughly equates to how happy a person is, eudaimonia refers to how well that person feels they are functioning. It involves feelings of competence, motivation and self-esteem. The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. Participants completed an established psychological assessment called ‘How I feel about myself and school’, which measures both life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. On average, those achieving top Maths grades had eudaimonic wellbeing levels 1.5 times higher than those with the lowest grades. No such link was found between academic performance and life satisfaction. Despite this, child well-being policy in England tends to focus on life satisfaction. The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. The new study appears to strengthen that case by demonstrating a positive link between eudaimonia and academic performance. The study also found that growth mindset did not predict good academic results, although students with high eudaimonic well-being did tend to exhibit such a mindset. Other research has similarly struggled to draw a clear link between growth mindset and academic progress, but does link it more generally to positive mental health. This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided; instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. (59 words) 【导语】文章介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究，指出青少年的幸福感应关注‌“eudaimonia”(即胜任感、动机与自我价值感)，因为它与学业成绩尤其是数学成绩密切相关，而单纯的生活满意度则与学业表现无关，建议政策制定者重新审视当前以‌“快乐”为核心的教育导向。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’.The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. ② Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. ③The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. ④Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. ⑤ This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. 2. 缜密构思 将第①②要点作为研究背景概括；将第③要点整合为研究发现；将第④⑤要点整合为政策启示与建议。 3. 遣词造句 A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided. Instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided; instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词短语作主语) 13．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Exposure to Nature in Early Childhood Early childhood is a crucial period for the physical and cognitive development of children. It is strongly recommended that young children should go outside and be around nature regularly due to the great benefits children can gain from outdoor activities. Much research has shown that the lack of interaction between children and their environment results in negative health effects on young children, such as childhood obesity, attention deficit disorder, and vitamin D deficiency. Some even argue that this might be the first generation of Americans to have a shorter lifespan than their parents. In addition, a lack of outdoor play can limit creativity, damage cognitive development, and weaken social skills in young children. A focus on more structured activities and stricter learning objectives in schools has reduced the time children once spent outside experiencing nature directly. Therefore, teachers must actively strive to include both free play opportunities and facilitated outdoor learning experiences for youth. Early childhood education typically focuses on children from birth through age eight. Environmental education (EE) is one potential avenue to increase the amount of time children in this age group spend playing and learning in a natural environment. There are several defining elements of EE suited for early childhood. Nature play largely helps children explore natural elements that occur in an unmaintained space — such as a local nature preserve rather than a backyard or structured playground. Outdoor physical activities include running, jumping, climbing, and countless other types of movement essential for children’s physical development. From a very early age, children are curious about the world around them. As they learn and grow, experiencing nature with all of their senses is a critical part of their development. By studying the attitudes of fourth graders in comparison to sixth graders in Germany, researchers discovered that younger students obtained and maintained higher pro-environmental attitudes than their older counterparts. Therefore, we can conclude that the effect of environmental education may be more effective with younger children. Giving children EE at a young age can have lasting health benefits for children. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Lacking nature exposure harms young kids’ health, creativity and social skills as school work cuts outdoor time. Teachers should provide kids with free outdoor play chances. Environmental education suits kids aged 0-8 best, with wild play and outdoor exercise as its forms. It works better for younger children and brings lasting health benefits. 【导语】文章指出幼儿亲近自然益处良多，缺乏户外自然接触会损害孩子身心健康、创造力与社交能力，教师应多安排户外自由活动；面向 0-8 岁儿童的环境教育包含野外探索、户外体能活动，对低龄孩子效果更佳，能带来长期健康好处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It is strongly recommended that young children should go outside and be around nature regularly due to the great benefits children can gain from outdoor activities. ②Much research has shown that the lack of interaction between children and their environment results in negative health effects on young children, such as childhood obesity, attention deficit disorder, and vitamin D deficiency. ③In addition, a lack of outdoor play can limit creativity, damage cognitive development, and weaken social skills in young children. ④Therefore, teachers must actively strive to include both free play opportunities and facilitated outdoor learning experiences for youth. ⑤Environmental education (EE) is one potential avenue to increase the amount of time children in this age group spend playing and learning in a natural environment. ⑥Therefore, we can conclude that the effect of environmental education may be more effective with younger children. 2. 缜密构思 将要点①②③④整合，概括儿童缺少自然接触的危害与教师的应对举措；再合并要点⑤⑥，介绍环境教育的适用年龄、形式以及对低龄儿童的长效益处。 3. 遣词造句 Lacking nature exposure harms young kids’ health, creativity and social skills as school work cuts outdoor time. Teachers should provide kids with free outdoor play chances. Environmental education suits kids aged 0-8 best, with wild play and outdoor exercise as its forms. It works better for younger children and brings lasting health benefits. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Lacking nature exposure harms young kids’ health, creativity and social skills as school work cuts outdoor time.(运用as引导原因状语从句，用并列名词作宾语，高度概括原文第二段核心危害，句式紧凑高级) [高分句型 2] Environmental education suits kids aged 0-8 best, with wild play and outdoor exercise as its forms. (使用“with复合结构”作伴随说明，清晰介绍环境教育的两种核心形式) 14．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The science of sibling rivalry We don’t choose our siblings. Brothers and sisters are just sort of there. And yet, when it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents. Part of siblings’ influence has to do with their presence. Eighty-two percent of kids live with a sibling (a greater share than live with a father), and about 75 percent of 70-year-olds have a living sibling. For those of us who have brothers or sisters, our relationships with them will likely be the longest of our life. Whether these relationships make our life better or worse is a more complicated question. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence foster empathy, prosocial (亲社会的) behavior, and academic achievement. This effect can be complicated by a full house, however. Kids with more siblings do worse in school — although the universality of this finding has been challenged by several studies. When a sibling relationship is bad, however, it can be really bad — as in messing-up-your-life bad. Tense sibling relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid more likely to engage in self-harm as a teen and to become psychotic (精神病的) by age 18. Whether a person models herself after her siblings or tries to distinguish herself has particularly important consequences. One study found that siblings who felt positively about each other tended to achieve similar education levels, while those who spent unequal time with their dad and got unequal parental treatment had different educational fortunes. Research suggests that as siblings’ relationships with their parents grow more different over time, their relationship with each other may become warmer. And imitating your sibling can be a mistake, depending on what she’s up to: Girls are more likely to get pregnant in their teens and teenagers are more likely to engage in risky behavior if an older sibling did so first. One way or another, sibling influence is lasting. A study of more than 1 million Swedes found that one’s risk of dying of a heart attack spikes (微增) after a sibling dies of one, due not only to shared DNA but also to the stress of losing such a key figure. Which makes sense: Most of us are different people than we'd have been if our brothers or sisters were never born. Siblings seem like they’re just there only until they aren’t. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For reference: Sibling influence is strong and lasting, in a positive or negative way. A healthy relationship with siblings helps us to be a better person and do better at school, while a bad one might bring great harm to our physical and psychological health. Moreover, whether siblings set good examples matters a lot, because people might follow their siblings’ steps. 【导语】文章指出兄弟姐妹对个人成长影响深远且持久，积极的手足关系益处良多，恶劣关系危害极大，且手足间的模仿与差异也会深刻影响人生。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①When it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents. ②Part of siblings’ influence has to do with their presence. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence foster empathy, prosocial (亲社会的) behavior, and academic achievement. ③Tense sibling relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid more likely to engage in self-harm as a teen and to become psychotic (精神病的) by age 18. ④Whether a person models herself after her siblings or tries to distinguish herself has particularly important consequences. ⑤One way or another, sibling influence is lasting. ⑥Which makes sense: Most of us are different people than we'd have been if our brothers or sisters were never born. 2.缜密构思 将第①⑤要点整合，概括手足影响的长期性；将②③要点对比整合，归纳手足关系的利弊；提炼第④⑥要点，补充手足模仿与差异带来的影响。 3.遣词造句 Siblings exert long-lasting and profound influences on people’s growth. Positive sibling relationships bring many benefits while bad ones cause physical and mental damage. Siblings often imitate each other, and their different experiences also shape their growth paths. 【高分句型1】A healthy relationship with siblings helps us to be a better person and do better at school, while a bad one might bring great harm to our physical and psychological health.（运用while引导的并列句） 【高分句型3】Moreover, whether siblings set good examples matters a lot, because people might follow their siblings’ steps. （运用whether引导主语从句、because引导原因状语从句） 15．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. This therapeutic approach has been gaining recognition in recent years, supported by various studies highlighting its benefits. Scientists and health professionals have observed that engaging with plants and nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. A study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals who participated in gardening activities reported lower levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Gardening also encourages physical activity, which is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health and overall fitness. Dr. Richard Ryan, a prominent psychologist at Harvard, emphasizes the importance of nature in fostering psychological well-being. He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The act of nurturing plants can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with mental health issues, as it fosters mindfulness and presence in the moment. Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. The structured nature of gardening tasks can help individuals develop new skills and improve their social interactions, which are crucial for recovery. Gardening therapy is a valuable tool that taps the therapeutic potential of nature. Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. As more studies emerge, the recognition of gardening as a legitimate therapeutic practice continues to grow, paving the way for its broader implementation in healthcare settings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in diverse populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research. 【导语】本文主要介绍了园艺疗法这一通过园艺活动促进身心健康的实践方式，阐述了其科学依据，说明了其对不同人群的积极意义，并指出这一疗法正日益获得认可并有望在医疗保健领域推广。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. ②Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. ③He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. ④Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. ⑤Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. 2. 缜密构思 以第1要点统领全文；将第2、3要点进行整合，构成核心益处；将第4要点作为补充，说明其适用人群，将第5要点作为总结评价。 3. 遣词造句 Gardening therapy uses gardening activities to promote well-being. It can significantly reduce stress and improve mood and cognitive function. It provides a sense of purpose, fosters mindfulness, and aids recovery. It is used in recovery programs for the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Gardening therapy, a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote well-being, can significantly reduce stress and improve mood as well as cognitive function.（运用了that引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] It provides a sense of purpose and fosters mindfulness, aids recovery in populations like the elderly and drug abusers, and is gaining growing recognition as a valuable therapeutic option supported by scientific research.（运用了三个并列谓语，及过去分词短语作后置定语对） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 概要写作15篇 序号 核心内容总结 1 小动作（坐立不安）并非坏习惯，科学证明抖腿等身体微动有利于减压、降低久坐带来的健康风险，人们应当转变对 fidgeting 的偏见 2 家长激励青少年学习时，劝说、奖惩等外部激励容易引发孩子逆反；最好的方式是创设环境，激发青少年内在学习动机，让孩子自主管理目标 3 给出成功公开演讲三方面策略：做好演讲稿内容准备、学会和听众互动、有效调控自身紧张焦虑情绪 4 科学研究证实睡眠的 N1 浅睡过渡期能够激发创造力；专家建议睡醒后不要立刻起身，以此留住灵感 5 车载触屏现已普及，对比实体按键，触屏存在驾驶分心、操作不便等安全隐患；但触屏也具备功能自定义、降低造车成本等优势，车企未来或将转向语音操控技术 6 “数字黑暗时代” 危机：大量数字资料会因为设备、系统淘汰而无法读取；研究者提出云端存储全套运行环境的解决方案，但普通人日常数字痕迹依旧有丢失风险 7 介绍情商 EQ 的定义，对比高情商、低情商带来的不同影响，并给出可行的提升情商的方法 8 免疫系统区分自身组织和病原体的两种机制：中枢免疫耐受与 2025 诺奖新发现外周免疫耐受（调节性 T 细胞）；这项发现为自身免疫病、癌症等疾病治疗带来新方向 9 以实例引入网络欺凌，介绍网络欺凌的特点、成因、身心危害；提出家长、社交媒体平台共同参与的综合治理方案 10 器乐训练能够提升儿童阅读能力；脑扫描研究表明学乐器的孩子拥有更趋于成人化的语言大脑处理模式，音乐训练还可促进右脑发育 11 记忆力不是天生固定的，记忆专家给出多种提升记忆的实操策略：延后复习、学后放空休息、交叉学习不同科目、建立图像联想等 12 剑桥大学研究表明，青少年的自我价值胜任感（eudaimonia）与学业成绩高度相关，而单纯的幸福感 / 生活满意度和成绩无关，现行教育政策应重视培养学生目标感与自我信念 13 幼儿缺少接触大自然的机会会损害身心健康、创造力与社交能力；教师应增加户外自由活动，面向 08 岁儿童开展环境教育，越早开展效果越持久 14 手足关系对人一生有着长期重大影响；积极的手足关系带来益处，紧张欺凌式的手足关系易造成心理伤害；兄弟姐妹间还会出现行为模仿，进而影响人生道路 15 园艺疗法借助园艺活动促进人们身心健康；研究证实它减压健脑，能够给予人成就感，现已用于老人、戒毒人群的康复项目，未来医疗应用前景广阔 1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. As a child, I was regularly told off for swinging on my chair, and fidgeting through story time. Eventually, I learned to resist the desire to fidget. Today, I can sit still for hours with barely a shuffle. It turns out, however, that I may have been better-off before. Let's dig a bit more into the science. Fidgeting is defined as moving or acting impatiently or nervously. However, James Levine, a professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic, says it is better defined as a neurologically programmed rhythmic-movement of a body part. In other words, the fidget factor is an outward sign of a natural desire to move. While no evidence shows that fidgeting directly leads to a longer life, studies have shown fidgeting can help. For one, fidgeting may help us cope with stress. In one study, volunteers were put in a stressful situation, a simulated job interview followed by a mental arithmetic (算术) task. Researchers found those who fidgeted by displaying “displacement behavior,” such as scratching, biting their lips or touching their face, found the experience less stressful. Meanwhile, fidgeting may also help lower some of the other risks that come with a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. Feet tapping while sitting, for example, can protect the arteries (动脉) in-legs-and potentially help prevent related diseases. “If you’re sedentary, that’s not good for you. But if you’re sedentary and fidget, it reduces your risk of long-term ill health,” says Janet Cade at the University of Leeds. The findings raise questions about whether the way we perceive people who fidget should change. Fidgeting is often seen as rude or an indication that someone is not paying attention. But if these simple movements are good for our health, maybe they should be indulged. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Motivating Your Adolescent to Perform Teenagers may lack the motivation a parent wants — to try harder, to achieve better, to be a self-starter, to care about doing well, to be more ambitious — but they definitely have the motivation to do what they want (like pleasure) and to avoid what they don’t (like work). So the key lies in how parents can motivate their kids properly. To apply extrinsic (外来的) motivation, parents usually start by putting faith in the power of persuasion — explaining, urging, and even pleading their case. Persuasion, intended to appeal to adolescents to understand parents, sometimes works, and sometimes doesn’t. If the adolescent is in a resistant place, this reasonable approach can be more irritating than encouraging since it communicates continuing dissatisfaction with how he is performing in life. He may reply, “Stop lecturing! You’ve told me all of this before!” This is when parents often increase extrinsic motivation by offering rewards for improved performance or vowing punishment if behavior doesn’t change. The risk here is that both rewards and punishment can be counterproductive. Rewards can be negative when perceived as threats that benefits will be denied if improvement is not forthcoming. The young person can rebel against being pushed around. And punishment, in the form of criticism or anger or sanctions, can arouse resentment that energizes more active or passive resistance. Actually, the best way to motivate adolescents is to trigger their intrinsic (内在的) motivation. That is, parents should make their kids willing to take charge of what matters to themselves and be those who decide to get things done. Parents cannot reward, push, or punish an adolescent into becoming intrinsically motivated, but sometimes they can encourage self-motivation by creating a circumstance that stimulates self-interest. Then they must refrain from taking any ownership of its development. For example, after battling with teenagers over homework delay, parents had better take their kids on a visit to a college of possible interest. There, with parents getting out of the way, their kids meet with an admissions person who tells them the GPA and course work she needs to get in. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Public speaking is a valuable skill that can boost your confidence and open up new opportunities. However, for many people, the thought of standing in front of an audience can be nerve-wracking. You might wonder how to organize your thoughts, engage your audience, or control your nervousness. This article will guide you through the process of delivering a perfect public speech. Before you step onto the stage, the most important thing is to prepare your speech content. Start by defining the purpose of your speech — are you informing, persuading, or entertaining? Once you have a clear goal, brainstorm key points that support your main idea. Organizing your speech into an introduction, body, and conclusion can make it easier for your audience to follow. In the introduction, grab the audience’s attention with a question, a story, or a surprising fact. The body should contain two or three main points, each supported by examples, data, or anecdotes. Finally, conclude with a strong closing statement that reinforces your message. Practicing your speech multiple times can help you refine your wording and timing. Once your content is ready, the next step is to focus on how to connect with your audience. Start by making eye contact with different parts of the audience instead of looking at your notes or the floor. Using natural gestures and moving around the stage can make you appear more confident and keep the audience engaged. Additionally, varying your tone, volume, and pace can help maintain interest. For instance, slow down when making an important point and speed up slightly during less critical sections to add variety. Asking rhetorical questions or including relatable stories can also make your speech more interactive and memorable. Even the most experienced speakers feel nervous before a speech. The key is to manage that anxiety effectively. One helpful technique is deep breathing — taking slow, deep breaths before you speak can calm your nerves. Visualizing a successful speech can also boost your confidence. Arriving early to familiarize yourself with the stage and audience can reduce uncertainty. It’s also beneficial to record yourself to identify areas for improvement. Remember, small mistakes are normal, and most audiences are supportive and understanding. Focusing on your message rather than your fear can make a significant difference. Delivering a perfect public speech involves arduous work, but with practice and these steps in mind, your next public speech can be a success. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Sleeping makes Idea Work? Here’s what Science says Have you ever wondered if sleeping can lead to creative breakthroughs? Inventors like Thomas Edison and artists such as Salvador Dali believed so. Now, science is starting to back them up. Scientists have found that humans go through two stages during their sleep. The first stage of sleep, called N1 or hypnagogia, only lasts 1-7 minutes. It’s a border between sleeping and waking, where we have vivid, dream-like thoughts that mix with our recent experiences. Brain studies show that during N1, parts of the brain linked to free thinking are active, which are important for creativity. A 2023 study found that when assigned a math problem, people who spent just 15 seconds in N1 were three times more likely to solve the problem with a creative insight than those who stayed awake or slept deeper. Similarly, another experiment used a sound to tell people to “think of a tree” when they were sleeping. The group that was woken up during N1 stage did 48% better on creativity tasks like thinking of uses for a tree This highlights N1’s unique role in stimulating innovation through its mixing state of relaxed focus. Scientists say different sleep stages might help different kinds of thinking, and the lines between stages aren’t perfect. But for everyday use, experts suggest that after waking from a nap or sleep, don’t get up immediately. Instead, close your eyes and try to remember your dreams, the sounds you heard, or the images you saw. This lets the brain’s “sleep chemistry” stay a bit longer, helping you explore new ideas. In short, the time between being awake and asleep is more than just rest — it could be a door to creativity. Science is now proving what Edison and Dali seemed to know: sleep can help us see things in new ways. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Are Touchscreens in Cars Safe? For years, almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning to seat heating. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping systems are sometimes screen-controlled. Industry data show that about 97% of new cars produced globally now come equipped with at least one touchscreen, with approximately 81 million units shipped worldwide in 2025 alone. But is it really safe? The case against them is straightforward. Physical buttons allow drivers to learn their locations and press them without taking their eyes off the road. In contrast, a touchscreen offers no physical feedback, requiring drivers to spend more time locating and operating controls. One study found that an old car with buttons completed simple tasks in 10 seconds, while a touchscreen-equipped car took 45 seconds. Additionally, if drivers have wet fingers, wear gloves in cold weather, or drive on rough roads, the screen can become hard to use. However, physical buttons work reliably in such extreme conditions. Worse still, a bright screen at night can interfere with a driver’s vision. Even at its lowest brightness setting, the light pulls drivers’ eyes away from the road, increasing the risk of nighttime accidents. However, not everyone hates them. Admittedly, screen-based controls allow drivers to decide how features are arranged according to their daily needs, something physical buttons cannot easily match. Also, a single screen replaces dozens of physical buttons, reducing production costs. This allows carmakers to offer more competitive prices or invest in other safety features like better airbags. Whether drivers prefer or dislike touchscreens, innovation in car technology shows no signs of slowing. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favor, many carmakers are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.     The Risk of a Digital Dark Age Imagine it’s 2040, and someone discovers floppy disks and VHS tapes labeled “Records and early videos of Bill Gates [1975-1985].” At first, this seems exciting, but frustration soon follows — recovering the information is nearly impossible. Even if the media are in good condition, finding a device to read them is a challenge. While digital technology allows us to store vast amounts of information, how long will our access last? Unlike physical disks and tapes, online data can disappear instantly. This concern led experts in the early 21st century to warn about a “digital dark age”, where future generations might lose access to today’s digital records. If current practices continue, much of our digital history could become inaccessible. Vint Cerf, one of the founding fathers of the internet, argues that this could happen if we don’t act quickly. The real concern isn’t just the durability of records but the lack of technology to access them. For example, CD players and old operating systems may become out of date, making even preserved data unreadable. The problem is particularly challenging with interactive apps and websites. While letters from centuries ago are still readable, will we be able to access a Weibo feed or a WeChat exchange a hundred years from now? This issue has led Mahadev Satyanarayanan of Carnegie Mellon University to take action. He has developed a system that stores everything needed to interpret a record — the record itself, the original operating system, and the application it used — in the cloud. This ensures that digital records remain accessible, even as technology changes. Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan stress the need for intentional preservation. Unlike physical records that can be stored indefinitely, digital information requires active decisions on what to save and how to store it. While major historical records may survive, everyday digital traces of our lives are at risk of disappearing into the digital dark ages. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. What Is Your Emotional Quotient (EQ)? Have you ever tried to talk with someone who constantly dominates the conversation? Perhaps, you can’t get a word in because they talk over you. This person probably suffers from low emotional intelligence or has a low emotional quotient. EQ is the ability to be aware of, manage and express your own emotions in appropriate ways. It also includes being aware of the emotions of those around you and responding in appropriate ways. Many people with a high EQ often have good communication as well as strong problem-solving abilities. This helps them handle tricky social situations, which sometimes involve multiple viewpoints and many emotions. These abilities are beneficial in professional and personal settings alike, whereas a low EQ can cause problems. A low EQ means you have trouble expressing your emotions and difficulty recognizing what others are feeling. You don’t value other people’s opinions, which often contributes to difficulty in maintaining relationships. You don’t like to admit your faults, and you don’t usually give praise. You often give inappropriate responses in social and professional settings, causing others to feel confused or embarrassed. If you believe you have a low EQ, take heart; you can make changes and improve it. First, work to become more aware of your emotions and how you respond to various situations. Understanding your feelings makes it easier to manage them. Next, actively listen to others by asking questions and watching their body language. This will enable you to respond correctly and give them valuable advice and encouragement. Finally, staying positive and calm can help those around you to stay calm in stressful situations. When you develop a high EQ, it will provide benefits and victories in many areas of your life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. How the Immune System is Kept in Check The immune system is a true masterpiece of evolution. Each day, it defends us against thousands of viruses, bacteria, and other microbes that seek to invade our bodies. One of its most remarkable abilities lies in accurately identifying pathogens (病原体) and distinguishing them from the body’s own cells. It’s not easy. The microbes that threaten our health do not wear a uniform — they all have different appearances. Many even have developed similarities to human cells. So how does the immune system consistently recognize what to attack and what to protect? Why does it not turn against our own tissues more frequently? For a long time, researchers believed they had the answer: a mechanism known as central immune tolerance, through which immune cells learn to recognize “self” during their development. However, the immune system turned out to be far more complex than previously understood. It is for this reason that the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded for the discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance (外周免疫耐受). The laureates (获奖者) identified the immune system’s specialized “security team” — regulatory T cells. These cells prevent other T cells from mistakenly attacking the body’s own tissue, which is important for a process called peripheral immune tolerance. They also ensure the immune system to calm down after it has eliminated an invader, so it does not continue working at top speed. These groundbreaking discoveries have laid the foundation for an entirely new field of research. They have also led to the development of novel medical treatments currently under evaluation in clinical trials. These advances hold promise for treating autoimmune diseases, improving cancer treatment, and reducing serious complications after stem cell transplants. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Behind the screen A student named Alex created a fake Instagram account and posted a photo of a classmate, Sam, with a cruel tag making fun of Sam’s appearance. Alex also started a group chat where they shared more unflattering photos of Sam and encouraged others to join in. Alex’s actions can be categorized as a form of cyberbullying, a widespread phenomenon in the digital age. Bullies typically bully a person by means of instant messaging or social media. It can take many forms, such as spreading rumors, sharing embarrassing photos or videos, and using hurtful language to attack someone online. Unlike traditional bullying, which is often limited to specific locations like schools or neighborhoods, cyberbullying can occur whether the bully is on vacation or on business, as long as the bully has access to a device connected to the Internet. Bullies engage in invasive behavior because they can hide behind fake profiles. They can separate their online actions from their offline identity, reducing their sense of responsibility. Additionally, sitting at the other end of the screen means bullies do not see the immediate emotional impact of their actions. Individuals are less likely to feel empathy and may fail to recognize how destructive their behavior is. The everlasting online content means that harmful messages or images can remain accessible indefinitely. It can lead to anxiety, depression, and even suicidal thoughts. Victims may even experience social disconnection, as they might feel too ashamed or scared to seek help or interact with others, including teachers and parents. Addressing cyberbullying requires a comprehensive approach. Parents need to educate children about the dangers of online behavior and the importance of empathy and respect. Social media platforms also have a responsibility to monitor and remove harmful content, as well as to provide support for victims. By doing this, we can work towards reducing the prevalence of cyberbullying and creating a safer online environment for everyone. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.   Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there- staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information in different physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use-it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Feeling Competent and Purposeful Helps Adolescents A Lot The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’. While life satisfaction roughly equates to how happy a person is, eudaimonia refers to how well that person feels they are functioning. It involves feelings of competence, motivation and self-esteem. The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. Participants completed an established psychological assessment called ‘How I feel about myself and school’, which measures both life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. On average, those achieving top Maths grades had eudaimonic wellbeing levels 1.5 times higher than those with the lowest grades. No such link was found between academic performance and life satisfaction. Despite this, child well-being policy in England tends to focus on life satisfaction. The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. The new study appears to strengthen that case by demonstrating a positive link between eudaimonia and academic performance. The study also found that growth mindset did not predict good academic results, although students with high eudaimonic well-being did tend to exhibit such a mindset. Other research has similarly struggled to draw a clear link between growth mindset and academic progress, but does link it more generally to positive mental health. This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Exposure to Nature in Early Childhood Early childhood is a crucial period for the physical and cognitive development of children. It is strongly recommended that young children should go outside and be around nature regularly due to the great benefits children can gain from outdoor activities. Much research has shown that the lack of interaction between children and their environment results in negative health effects on young children, such as childhood obesity, attention deficit disorder, and vitamin D deficiency. Some even argue that this might be the first generation of Americans to have a shorter lifespan than their parents. In addition, a lack of outdoor play can limit creativity, damage cognitive development, and weaken social skills in young children. A focus on more structured activities and stricter learning objectives in schools has reduced the time children once spent outside experiencing nature directly. Therefore, teachers must actively strive to include both free play opportunities and facilitated outdoor learning experiences for youth. Early childhood education typically focuses on children from birth through age eight. Environmental education (EE) is one potential avenue to increase the amount of time children in this age group spend playing and learning in a natural environment. There are several defining elements of EE suited for early childhood. Nature play largely helps children explore natural elements that occur in an unmaintained space — such as a local nature preserve rather than a backyard or structured playground. Outdoor physical activities include running, jumping, climbing, and countless other types of movement essential for children’s physical development. From a very early age, children are curious about the world around them. As they learn and grow, experiencing nature with all of their senses is a critical part of their development. By studying the attitudes of fourth graders in comparison to sixth graders in Germany, researchers discovered that younger students obtained and maintained higher pro-environmental attitudes than their older counterparts. Therefore, we can conclude that the effect of environmental education may be more effective with younger children. Giving children EE at a young age can have lasting health benefits for children. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The science of sibling rivalry We don’t choose our siblings. Brothers and sisters are just sort of there. And yet, when it comes to our development, they can be more influential than parents. Part of siblings’ influence has to do with their presence. Eighty-two percent of kids live with a sibling (a greater share than live with a father), and about 75 percent of 70-year-olds have a living sibling. For those of us who have brothers or sisters, our relationships with them will likely be the longest of our life. Whether these relationships make our life better or worse is a more complicated question. On the upside, positive interactions with siblings during adolescence foster empathy, prosocial (亲社会的) behavior, and academic achievement. This effect can be complicated by a full house, however. Kids with more siblings do worse in school — although the universality of this finding has been challenged by several studies. When a sibling relationship is bad, however, it can be really bad — as in messing-up-your-life bad. Tense sibling relationships make people more likely to be depressed and anxious in adolescence. Moreover, sibling bullying makes a kid more likely to engage in self-harm as a teen and to become psychotic (精神病的) by age 18. Whether a person models herself after her siblings or tries to distinguish herself has particularly important consequences. One study found that siblings who felt positively about each other tended to achieve similar education levels, while those who spent unequal time with their dad and got unequal parental treatment had different educational fortunes. Research suggests that as siblings’ relationships with their parents grow more different over time, their relationship with each other may become warmer. And imitating your sibling can be a mistake, depending on what she’s up to: Girls are more likely to get pregnant in their teens and teenagers are more likely to engage in risky behavior if an older sibling did so first. One way or another, sibling influence is lasting. A study of more than 1 million Swedes found that one’s risk of dying of a heart attack spikes (微增) after a sibling dies of one, due not only to shared DNA but also to the stress of losing such a key figure. Which makes sense: Most of us are different people than we'd have been if our brothers or sisters were never born. Siblings seem like they’re just there only until they aren’t. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Gardening therapy, often referred to as horticultural therapy, is a practice that utilizes gardening activities to promote mental and physical well-being. This therapeutic approach has been gaining recognition in recent years, supported by various studies highlighting its benefits. Scientists and health professionals have observed that engaging with plants and nature can significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Research indicates that gardening can lead to improved mood and cognitive function. A study published in the Journal of Health Psychology found that individuals who participated in gardening activities reported lower levels of cortisol, a hormone associated with stress. Gardening also encourages physical activity, which is linked to enhanced cardiovascular health and overall fitness. Dr. Richard Ryan, a prominent psychologist at Harvard, emphasizes the importance of nature in fostering psychological well-being. He notes that gardening allows individuals to reconnect with the natural world, providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. The act of nurturing plants can be particularly beneficial for those dealing with mental health issues, as it fosters mindfulness and presence in the moment. Now gardening therapy is increasingly being integrated into recovery programs for various populations, including the elderly and those recovering from drug abuse. The structured nature of gardening tasks can help individuals develop new skills and improve their social interactions, which are crucial for recovery. Gardening therapy is a valuable tool that taps the therapeutic potential of nature. Supported by scientific research, it offers an approach to improving mental and physical health, making it a promising option for individuals seeking to enhance their well-being through natural means. As more studies emerge, the recognition of gardening as a legitimate therapeutic practice continues to grow, paving the way for its broader implementation in healthcare settings. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $