2027届高考英语一轮复习之语法填空15篇（上海专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦真实语境下的语法综合运用，15篇多样化主题语篇覆盖高考核心语法点，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |综合语法应用|15篇（含数字技术、气候变暖等主题）|语境化语法填空，考查动词时态、非谓语、连词等核心语法|通过跨领域语篇构建语法知识应用链，提升思维品质与学习能力|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 语法填空专练15篇 序号 篇章主题 1 探讨借助 3D 扫描、VR 等数字技术抢救濒危非物质文化遗产，同时讨论数字化存档带来的权属、文化精神消解等争议 2 心理学研究：衣着鲜艳程度会影响他人对个人外向性格的第一印象，给求职着装提供参考建议 3 车载触摸屏带来驾驶分心风险，欧洲新车安全评级新规倒逼车企重新启用实体按键 4 美国传奇时装设计师 Claire McCardell，倡导舒适自由的女性服饰，剖析其被大众遗忘的原因 5 气候变暖、夜间气温升高造成全球民众睡眠时间流失，高温还带来多重健康隐患 6 隐性口吃者的内心困境，讲述口吃者为掩饰语言障碍做出的种种选择及其对社交生活的影响 7 爱尔兰海藻浴的兴衰发展史，这项传统养生项目在当代重新复兴 8 剖析艺术强大的精神力量：教育意义、打破文化壁垒、启发高阶思维以及艺术作品带来的社会影响力 9 写作提示（writing prompts）的多种类型，如何借助提示素材打开写作思路、激发想象力 10 伦敦鲍街警察博物馆的前世今生，回顾英国早期警务发展历史 11 特斯拉激进的车载软件迭代模式，介绍自动驾驶、召唤车辆等前沿智能汽车功能以及监管盲区 12 春季大扫除的中外文化渊源，从生物学、心理学角度解释人们春天打扫房屋背后的原因 13 古希腊奥林匹斯诸神的设定、众神生活场景以及宙斯的统治特点 14 美国铁路客运回暖，以 Amtrak 公司新列车 Acela 为例分析铁路复兴的原因、现状与现存短板 15 科研成果：即便是少量适度饮酒，也会造成人脑体积萎缩，加速大脑衰老 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Digitally Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage Around the world, traditional crafts, rituals, and oral traditions are disappearing at an alarming rate. According to UNESCO, a language 1 (die) approximately every two weeks, taking with it irreplaceable cultural knowledge. In response to this crisis, a growing number of cultural institutions are turning to digital technology as a means of preservation. The process, 2 involves using 3D scanning, high-definition video, and virtual reality, allows researchers to create detailed digital records of cultural practices before they vanish. In Japan, for example, master potters 3 (record) using motion-capture technology so that future generations can study their exact hand movements. Similarly, in Peru, indigenous communities are working with anthropologists to digitally archive their traditional weaving techniques, 4 (ensure) that these skills are not lost forever. What makes these digital archives particularly valuable is 5 they capture not just the physical artifact but the entire cultural context surrounding it. A digital record of a traditional dance, for instance, might include the music, the costumes, the ceremonial significance, and interviews with the performers — something 6 a simple photograph could never achieve. However, the approach is not without controversy. Some cultural groups argue that 7 (digitize) sacred rituals strips them of their spiritual significance and turns living traditions into museum exhibits. There are also practical concerns: once cultural knowledge is stored digitally, 8 owns it? These questions, 9 remain largely unresolved, will require careful negotiation between technology companies, governments, and indigenous communities. Despite these challenges, digital preservation offers perhaps the best hope for safeguarding the world’s intangible cultural heritage. As one archivist noted, “We cannot save everything, 10 we can ensure that future generations at least have a record of what was once practiced and valued.” Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Colors Matter: What Bright Clothing Says About the Wearer We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go vibrant, whether they express themselves through clothes or accessories, hear everything from, “No one is going to miss you at the party” to, “I would never have the guts 1 (put) that on.” But according to research, those comments may be both accurate and expected. Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson examined 2 we perceive people at first impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma — defined as “the colorfulness of an area judged as a proportion of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white or highly transmitting.” 3 practical terms, the quantity of hue (颜色) content or color intensity. They found that targets, both male and female, who 4 (wear) or surrounded by high-chroma colors were perceived as more open and extraverted than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable (变量) of perception that 5 influence first impressions of personality. 6 (drill) down further, examining evidence deduced through a meta-analysis across all experiments, they found that high-chroma colors enhanced viewer perspective of openness and extraversion, but not other traits: such as emotional stability, agreeableness, or conscientiousness. These observations are important because some job responsibilities capitalize on some of the traits inferred through bright colors. Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider 7 they look for a career to match their personal disposition (性格)：in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality traits. They give examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as domains 8 extraverts thrive. Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent if they wear highly chromatic clothing. Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality traits differently in non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be perceived as diverging from social norms in other cultures. The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail, will get you 9 (notice). But depending on your goals, consider 10 (tailor) your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally. Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It might not have been the first to have a touchscreen but it was Tesla’s Model S, with its minimalist cabin built around a huge full-colour display, that set the trend. For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning and the music to satellite navigation. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen- 1 (control). But are touchscreens safe? The case for the prosecution is straightforward. If adjusting the screen of a smartphone while driving is 2 (distract), and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or adjust dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And 3 a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine, measured how long it took drivers to do things like switching to a new radio station or changing the temperature, while driving at 110 kilometres per hour. It 4 (compare) 11 cars with touchscreens to a single older model with real buttons. In the old car, drivers were able to do all their tasks within about ten seconds, during 5 time the car travelled around 300 metres. Another study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organization, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare 6 drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16. Safety organizations 7 (begin) to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organization that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score 8 certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. Car makers who choose to bring back physical buttons may reap other benefits, too. Many drivers dislike touchscreens for reasons 9 safety, finding them difficult and annoying to use. Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche, among others, have begun restoring at least some buttons to their new models, 10 (cite) drivers’ dislike of screens. But innovation never stops. Passage 4 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women 1 (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she 2 (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of 3 hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not 4 the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything 5 (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. 6 McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present 7 to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, 8 (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with 9 to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon 10 preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. Passage 5 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal 1 (examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, 2 there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, 3 (author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in 4 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. 5 impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, 6 (worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data 7 (estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. 8 (big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design 9 leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce 10 they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. Passage 6 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Stammerer I was walking to my home in Toronto when a well-dressed man politely stopped me to ask for directions. “Could you tell me which way to Bloor and...” He struggled to get the next word out, a pained look on his face, but I knew better than 1 (finish) his sentence for him. “... Bathurst?” he said after several seconds of straining. When I started to answer, he told me that he didn’t actually need to know. He 2 (practice) stammering (口吃) openly, he explained, hoping to become more confident doing so around strangers. I lit up with excitement. “Are you doing that because it’s National Stammering Awareness Day?” I asked, always eager to connect with other people who stammer. When the man asked how I knew that, I said that I grew up with a stammer. He nodded, looking a bit wistful: “And I suppose your stammer has magically disappeared since then?” His question gave me pause. While it’s true that my stammer was more noticeable when I was a child, this was partially 3 I’d since found workarounds for difficult words and sounds, helping me hide the worst of it. When I answered his question, I opted for 4 (simple) explanation: that I had grown out of my stammer. But was this true? Most people who meet me don’t notice my stammer, or, if they do, they chalk it up to shyness or insecurity. While most of the time I don’t stammer overtly (明显地), many of my choices are still guided by a deep fear of disfluency. Stammerers like me, those who can pass as reasonably fluent, are called ”covert“ stammerers, 5 (mean) that the most prominent features of our stammers aren’t the overt ones — the syllable repetition, prolonged sounds and vocal blocks usually associated with stammering — but the things we do to hide them. Vocal disfluency can deeply impact a person’s decisions. For example, most stammerers have difficulty saying their names. When asked my name, I always respond with a rushed “My name is Isabel,” 6 just “Isabel,” a trick that usually works, even if it often sounds clunky and awkward. My worst nightmare is a circle of strangers saying their names one at a time. Despite being a social person, I generally avoid situations 7 I have to meet many new people at once. This common experience for stammerers 8 complicate our social and professional lives. “I can only imagine how many people think I’m an aloof (冷漠的) person based on how rarely I introduce myself to someone new,” says Sophia Stewart, a Brooklyn-based journalist who has written about her covert stammer. “Mostly I just don’t introduce myself 9 it is absolutely necessary. I try not to think about how many   10 (miss) opportunities and bad first impressions this has resulted in.” Passage 7 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Irish seaweed bathing If any nation has unlocked the full potential of seaweed, it’s Ireland. 1 (early) records so far show the sixth-century monks living on Skellig Michael off the southwest coast already made use of it, collecting wild seaweed to eat and fertilise their rocky gardens. By around the 1800s, west coast farmers 2 (make) a new discovery: while gathering seaweed to fertilise their crops, their skin diseases magically improved, for 3 reason the art of seaweed bathing was born. The Victorians were pros, the practice 4 (lead) to the creation of some 300 seaweed-dedicated bathhouses across the country. Bathers would soak in tubs filled with near-boiling Atlantic seawater, to which fresh, local seaweed would be added 5 (steam). This allowed the seaweed’s essential oils to infuse (渗入) the water, and a long soak calmed bathers’ skin. Around the mid-1900s, though, seaweed bathing fell out of fashion with both locals and travellers. Just over a decade ago, only two bathhouses remained. Studies have since shown 6 the practice does, in fact, hold weight: seaweed’s bioactive compounds, released as oil when added to boiling water, can indeed calm the skin. And, 7 a renewed focus across Ireland on celebrating traditional heritage, seaweed is back on the menu — appearing everywhere from Waterford to Donegal and in hotel spas to simple bathhouses. In County Slig, Cullen Seaweed Baths is the oldest of its kind: a fifth-generation, family-run operation that hand-harvests wild seaweed, 8 it has since opening in 1912. The venue that initiated the latest revival is Voya Seaweed Baths, which opened in 2000, launching an award-winning line of seaweed-infused products. In the past few years, 9 have been joined by a bevy (一批) of openings. At Wild Atlantic Seaweed Baths, you can bathe beside the Cliffs of Moher. Beachside Dingle Wellness has organic seaweed treatments, while Connemara Seaweed Baths offers the treatment alongside saunas (桑拿浴). Hotels including The Twelve are expanding their spas to offer the experience, too. Seaweed’s popularity 10 have started with a colony of hardy monks, but the humble seaweed is now riding a wellness wave. Passage 8 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why is Art so Powerful? Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally. Art is powerful 1 it can potentially influence our culture, politics, and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art, we feel 2 touching deep within your core, giving us the power to make real-life changes. It has the power to educate people about almost anything. It creates awareness and presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily. In a world 3 there are those who don’t even have access to good education, art makes education an even 4 (great) equalizer of society. It breaks cultural, social, and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice   5 its own, it can be used as a leveled playing field for discourse and expression. The reason why everyone can relate to art is 6 everyone has emotions and personal experiences. Therefore, anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social background, economic standing or political affiliation. It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. Rather, it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you   7 (make) your own. This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. In fact, studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields of knowledge. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be. Many times in history have we heard of people   8 (criticize), threatened, censored, and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions, may it be an aggressive government or a dissident (持不同政见的) group, 9 (take) these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a 10 (give) area. In the hands of good people, however, art can be used to give back hope or instill courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships. Passage 9 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write It Out Writers often need a fresh idea before they can begin. That is why writing prompts (提示) are useful. A prompt does not tell the whole story. Instead, it offers a starting point and allows the writer to decide what 1 (happen) next. There are no fixed rules, so each person can take the same idea in a different direction. One prompt can come from 2 as ordinary as the weather. Open a weather app, choose a random city, and check the forecast for the week. Then imagine that the exact opposite weather arrives. A town 3 (expect) sunshine may suddenly face snow, while one preparing for rain might wake to clear skies. How would people react? Another common prompt focuses on people under pressure. Imagine that a character 4 (ask) without warning to give a public speech. They may welcome the chance to speak, or they may feel deeply nervous. The writer can explore both the speech itself and the emotions 5 it. Some prompts introduce an element of fantasy. Picture a gardening hut 6 gives certain visitors special powers. Perhaps it only responds to kind people, or perhaps it rewards those with courage. The question is not only 7 powers will be granted, but how those powers change people. Other prompts encourage careful description. 8 (surround) by the smells, tastes, and sounds of a favorite meal, a character preparing and eating it can be brought vividly to life. The meal may matter 9 it reminds the character of home or of someone they love. Prompts can also create conflict or mystery. Two people return home together but refuse to speak to each other. Someone walks past an old school and suddenly faints. A roommate arrives with a completely unexpected pet. Each situation immediately raises questions that need 10 (answer). Good prompts do not limit imagination. They simply open a door. Once the first sentence is written, the story can grow in surprising ways. Passage 10 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Bow Street Police Museum: A Journey Through History In the heart of London lies a hidden treasure for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike. The Bow Street Police Museum is a fascinating place 1 history comes to life, offering a unique look at one of London’s oldest policing stations. Located in central London, the museum occupies 2 was once the Bow Street Police Station and Magistrates Court. This historic building opened in 1881 and played a key role in law enforcement for over a century. In the past, people arrested in the area were held overnight in cells before 3 (appear) in court the next morning. Today, visitors can explore these cells, including a particularly large one called “the tank.” It once held many people at a time and was known 4 (have) an awful smell and poor conditions. Walking into the tank today makes it easy to imagine how unpleasant it 5 (be) back then. The museum also tells the story of the Bow Street Runners, often considered London’s first organized police force.   6 (found) in 1749 by brothers Henry and John Fielding, this group laid the foundation for modern policing. Henry Fielding was also a well-known author, and new officers under him   7 (equip) with simple tools like handcuffs, a pistol, and a stick to help maintain peace. The police station finally closed in 1992, while the court continued operating 8 2006. It hosted several famous trials. Today, the museum   9 (preserve) this rich history, sharing stories of crime, justice, and the people who worked there.   10 you’re exploring the cells or learning about important trials, the Bow Street Police Museum offers an unforgettable journey into the past. Passage 11 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. … And Big Leaps While traditional manufacturers slowly add semiautomatic features, Tesla, a relatively young auto-manufacturer, is taking an approach 1 seems more aggressive. Last year, an update to the software in one of its models added the ability to operate 2 “auto-pilot”: The car mostly drives itself, but the driver can take over if, for example, the car attempts to exit the freeway by itself — as it did during some runs soon after 3 (introduce) last year. Each time a driver intervenes (干预), Tesla registers the correction in its software, which 4 (share) with all the other cars. The idea is 5 over time, the cars will get better at driving. Tesla’s autopilot occupies a regulatory gray area, since updates to a car’s software 6 (not require) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s approval — though that could change as the agency rules catch up with technology. Ford or GM would likely never have put a system never 7 (test) before into service. However, Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk, 8 those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t. A couple of years ago, Tesla updated its software again to add a way to “summon (召唤)” your car. The car can turn 9 on, open the garage door, and meet you in the driveway like an automotive butler. For now, the feature is meant 10 (use) only on private property, but Tesla promises Knight Rider-style summoning in the future: Your car will greet you at the airport when you return from a trip or read your calendar and know where to pick you up after a meeting downtown. Passage 12 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Temperatures are warming up with days getting longer, so we throw off our coats and boots and spend time outside taking in the sun’s warmth. Those signs of spring also signal to many that it’s time to conduct a thorough cleaning in their house, a tradition with roots 1 (date) back to ancient times, symbolizing the transition from the hibernating (冬眠) winter season to the dynamic growth of spring. “We sweep the floor and polish the surface, and 2 these actions represent is that we are honoring a tradition which unites us with past generations,” says Maren Voss, a director at the Museum of the Home in London. Spring cleaning actually arises from various cultures. In Chinese culture, it is customary just before New Year’s Day 3 (tidy) up one’s home so that good fortune will arrive. In Western culture, spring cleaning also has a practical history. In the past, homes 4 (heat) with wood or coal. And oil lamps lit homes 5 electricity was widely used, so dirt built up on surfaces. Here came spring cleaning. However, spring cleaning may have more to do with biology. Some studies suggest more sunlight increases our wakefulness because we produce less melatonin, a chemical that makes us sleepy. Melatonin causes us to become 6 (willing) to refresh our space. When the seasons start to shift, feelings of dullness reduce, and we regain energy and feel 7 (motivate) to deep clean our living environments. Studies have shown that cleaning has a healing effect, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” 8 are taking social media by storm. Millions of people watch them clean dirty homes and share cleaning tips. What starts 9 a simple video watch often ends with viewers tackling their own household chores. If you haven’t visited the gym lately, 10 (start) your workout at home by washing windows and floors. So pick a room, grab some cleaning supplies and begin. Make your living space as fresh as spring. Passage 13 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gods in Greek Mythology The gods of the Greek religion were personifications of natural powers. Yet they 1 (shape) after the fashion of human beings, both in bodily form and in their needs and passions. They were born, grew, married, and suffered, 2 death never came to them. These beings, like men, only greater and more beautiful, must have cities and homes like those of men. Yet the Greeks of the mainland realized that it wasn’t their immortality that made them remarkable, but that their very existence seemed   3 (belong) to a world untouched by time and decay. So they looked up to the Mt. Olympus up in the sky, majestic, mysterious, eternally enduring, and saw there, under the arch of heaven, the golden halls of the divine city. It was a true city of the sky, structured after the model of the Greek city-states. At the gates of cloud the Hours stood as guardians; within the walls rose the palaces of the gods. And on the topmost peak was the great hall 4 the members of the Olympic Council gathered for deliberation or for feasting. Ambrosia was the food 5 (serve) at these banquets, and nectar, poured into the cups by Hebe, the goddess of youth, nourished the ichor (灵液) flowing in the gods’ veins instead of blood. The rich odor of sacrifices offered on earth 6 (fill) the noses of the feasters. Their ears were charmed by the songs the Muses sang 7 the accompaniment of Apollo’s lyre (七弦竖琴). In the place of honour sat Zeus on his golden throne, and Hera, his sister and wife, sat beside him, while about them assembled the other ten Olympians, whose very presence made it clear 8 they were all brothers, sisters, sons, or daughters of the “father of gods and king of men.” For after his victory over the Titans, Zeus ruled supreme over heaven and earth. As sky-god he drew the clouds over the face of heaven, 9 (send) storm and rain upon the earth, or he spread them and looked down over all as a kind father. The weapon of his anger was the thunder; Victory stood at his right hand. Yet his rule was not   10 of random violence; he was the author and promoter of law and order, of a civilized and regulated interaction between men, of hospitality and just treatment of man by man. Passage 14 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Right on track Government agencies are rarely known for the quality of their TikTok output. An exception is Amtrak, America’s national railway firm, 1 posts can get hundreds of thousands of views. One recent video features an employee pulling plastic covers off seats in a new train carriage, 2 the sound of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy”. The train is the “next-gen” Acela, launched on August 28th. Despite being several years late, the new Acela comes at a particularly hopeful moment for Amtrak. In the nine months to July, 28. 6 million people travelled by train, a 6% year-on-year increase. That puts the firm comfortably on track this financial year to record the most journeys in its 54-year history. In Florida, Brightline, a private firm 3 (run) Miami-Orlando trains, has also seen 11% more passengers over the past year. Trains are back in fashion. Reasons for the return to the rails? Roger Harris, Amtrak’s president was quoted as saying “there is a greater interest in passenger rail, especially in the younger generation”. Hence the TikToks. He also cites growing congestion on the roads, more painful airport experiences and population growth in city centres. Amtrak 4 has made improvements, too. More trains are running, particularly on routes that sell out often. The firm has also embraced clever pricing, with discounts used to sell seats on emptier trains, while passengers on the busiest services 5 (squeeze) for more. By international standards, the boom is still insignificant, 6 not nothing. The Acelas carries 43% of Amtrak’s passengers, runs frequently and is by far 7 (comfortable) inter-city option. Can the boom continue? Very likely. The infrastructure law 8 (sign) by Joe Biden in 2021 has flooded the system with money. Since 2019 Amtrak’s capital spending has risen more than three-fold. Construction recently started on a new tunnel in Baltimore to replace a 150-year-old one. Service is also expanding elsewhere. Two new routes 9 (open) over the past two years, with strong ticket sales. Yet there are limits too. In theory the new Acela train can run at 160 mph, using tilting (倾斜) technology to go round curves without slowing, but for now, the trains neither tilt nor go any faster. 10 is needed is a track overhaul (彻底翻修) . Passage 15 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even moderate drinking might shrink your brain New research suggests that moderate drinking can negatively impact health. The study found a link between regular alcohol consumption — as little as one to two drinks a day — and decreased brain volume in middle-aged and older people. 1 they drink or not plays a role in the brain shrinkage. The study was led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. They analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a long-running project that 2 (track) the health of more than 35,000 UK residents in the past few years. As part of the project, volunteers fill out questionnaires about their lifestyle habits, consent (同意) to having their genes studied, and high-quality brain scans. Using these scans, the team looked for any connection between 3 (report) alcohol use and brain structure. Our brains naturally shrink in size 4 we become older, which is one of the reasons our cognitive function declines in later age. There are things that 5 either accelerate or slow down this process, though, such as exercise. And even a moderate alcohol routine, the researchers concluded, seems to be in the former category. After controlling for other factors, such as age, body mass index, and head size, the scientists found a negative correlation between alcohol intake and overall brain volume, including in gray matter, the areas of the brain rich in neurons and other cells. Alcohol use was similarly linked to changes in our white matter, 6 the information is relayed (传递) between different regions of the brain. “We show that the negative associations between alcohol intake and brain macrostructure and microstructure are already apparent in individuals 7 (consume) an average of only one to two daily alcohol units, and become 8 (strong) as alcohol intake increases,” the authors wrote in their paper, published in Nature Communications earlier this month. The authors say their large sample size is an advantage 9 past studies and allows them to better understand and quantify the possible toll of regular alcohol use on the brain. Going from zero to one unit of alcohol (about half a pint) a day, the authors say, would be equivalent to half a year of brain aging in the average 50-year-old, for instance, but it jumps to two years for someone going from one to two units of alcohol (a full pint) per day. And for 10 drinking four or more drinks a day, their brains may age prematurely a full decade, relative to someone who doesn’t drink at all. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（上海专用） 语法填空专练15篇 序号 篇章主题 1 探讨借助 3D 扫描、VR 等数字技术抢救濒危非物质文化遗产，同时讨论数字化存档带来的权属、文化精神消解等争议 2 心理学研究：衣着鲜艳程度会影响他人对个人外向性格的第一印象，给求职着装提供参考建议 3 车载触摸屏带来驾驶分心风险，欧洲新车安全评级新规倒逼车企重新启用实体按键 4 美国传奇时装设计师 Claire McCardell，倡导舒适自由的女性服饰，剖析其被大众遗忘的原因 5 气候变暖、夜间气温升高造成全球民众睡眠时间流失，高温还带来多重健康隐患 6 隐性口吃者的内心困境，讲述口吃者为掩饰语言障碍做出的种种选择及其对社交生活的影响 7 爱尔兰海藻浴的兴衰发展史，这项传统养生项目在当代重新复兴 8 剖析艺术强大的精神力量：教育意义、打破文化壁垒、启发高阶思维以及艺术作品带来的社会影响力 9 写作提示（writing prompts）的多种类型，如何借助提示素材打开写作思路、激发想象力 10 伦敦鲍街警察博物馆的前世今生，回顾英国早期警务发展历史 11 特斯拉激进的车载软件迭代模式，介绍自动驾驶、召唤车辆等前沿智能汽车功能以及监管盲区 12 春季大扫除的中外文化渊源，从生物学、心理学角度解释人们春天打扫房屋背后的原因 13 古希腊奥林匹斯诸神的设定、众神生活场景以及宙斯的统治特点 14 美国铁路客运回暖，以 Amtrak 公司新列车 Acela 为例分析铁路复兴的原因、现状与现存短板 15 科研成果：即便是少量适度饮酒，也会造成人脑体积萎缩，加速大脑衰老 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Digitally Preserving Intangible Cultural Heritage Around the world, traditional crafts, rituals, and oral traditions are disappearing at an alarming rate. According to UNESCO, a language 1 (die) approximately every two weeks, taking with it irreplaceable cultural knowledge. In response to this crisis, a growing number of cultural institutions are turning to digital technology as a means of preservation. The process, 2 involves using 3D scanning, high-definition video, and virtual reality, allows researchers to create detailed digital records of cultural practices before they vanish. In Japan, for example, master potters 3 (record) using motion-capture technology so that future generations can study their exact hand movements. Similarly, in Peru, indigenous communities are working with anthropologists to digitally archive their traditional weaving techniques, 4 (ensure) that these skills are not lost forever. What makes these digital archives particularly valuable is 5 they capture not just the physical artifact but the entire cultural context surrounding it. A digital record of a traditional dance, for instance, might include the music, the costumes, the ceremonial significance, and interviews with the performers — something 6 a simple photograph could never achieve. However, the approach is not without controversy. Some cultural groups argue that 7 (digitize) sacred rituals strips them of their spiritual significance and turns living traditions into museum exhibits. There are also practical concerns: once cultural knowledge is stored digitally, 8 owns it? These questions, 9 remain largely unresolved, will require careful negotiation between technology companies, governments, and indigenous communities. Despite these challenges, digital preservation offers perhaps the best hope for safeguarding the world’s intangible cultural heritage. As one archivist noted, “We cannot save everything, 10 we can ensure that future generations at least have a record of what was once practiced and valued.” 【答案】 1．dies 2．which 3．have been recorded/are being recorded 4．ensuring 5．that 6．that 7．digitizing 8．who 9．which 10．but 【导语】本文介绍数字技术可记录濒危非物质文化遗产，完整留存其文化内涵，但也存在消解神圣性、权属不明等争议，仍是保护非遗的最佳方式之一。 1．考查时态。句意：据联合国教科文组织称，大约每两周就会有一种语言消亡，随之带走的是不可替代的文化知识。根据后文every two weeks可知为一般现在时，主语为language，谓语用三单形式。 2．考查定语从句。句意：该过程利用3D扫描、高清视频和虚拟现实技术，使研究人员能够在文化实践消失之前，创建其详细的数字记录。引导非限定性定语从句，指代the process，作从句主语用which。 3．考查时态语态。句意：例如在日本，已记录或正在记录陶艺大师使用动作捕捉技术，以便后代能够研究他们精确的手部动作。主语master potters与谓语构成被动关系，此处可理解为正在发生用现在进行时的被动语态；或理解为过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同样，在秘鲁，原住民社区正与人类学家合作，将他们的传统编织技艺数字化存档，以确保这些技能不会永远消失。此处ensure与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 5．考查表语从句。句意：这些数字档案之所以特别珍贵，是因为它们不仅记录了实物本身，还完整地捕捉了其周围的文化背景。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。 6．考查定语从句。句意：例如，一段传统舞蹈的数字记录可能包括音乐、服装、仪式意义以及对表演者的采访——而这些是普通照片永远无法实现的。不定代词something在定语从句中作主语，用that引导。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些文化群体认为，将神圣仪式数字化会剥夺其精神意义，使活态传统沦为博物馆展品。作主语用动名词形式。 8．考查疑问词。句意：此外，还存在实际问题：一旦文化知识被数字化存储，谁来拥有它？此处为特殊疑问句，询问“谁拥有这份数字资料”用who。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这些问题至今仍未得到妥善解决，需要科技公司、政府和原住民社区之间进行细致的协商。引导非限定性定语从句，指代These questions，从句缺少主语，故用which。 10．考查连词。句意：正如一位档案管理员所指出的：“我们无法保存一切，但可以确保后代至少能留存下曾经被实践和珍视的事物。”前后转折，我们无法保全一切，但能留下记录用连词but。 Passage 2 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Colors Matter: What Bright Clothing Says About the Wearer We all notice bright colors. People who choose to go vibrant, whether they express themselves through clothes or accessories, hear everything from, “No one is going to miss you at the party” to, “I would never have the guts 1 (put) that on.” But according to research, those comments may be both accurate and expected. Adam D．Pazda and Christopher A．Thorstenson examined 2 we perceive people at first impression who wear bright colors. They specifically examined the effect of chroma — defined as “the colorfulness of an area judged as a proportion of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white or highly transmitting.” 3 practical terms, the quantity of hue (颜色) content or color intensity. They found that targets, both male and female, who 4 (wear) or surrounded by high-chroma colors were perceived as more open and extraverted than in a low-chroma setting. They concluded that chroma is a variable (变量) of perception that 5 influence first impressions of personality. 6 (drill) down further, examining evidence deduced through a meta-analysis across all experiments, they found that high-chroma colors enhanced viewer perspective of openness and extraversion, but not other traits: such as emotional stability, agreeableness, or conscientiousness. These observations are important because some job responsibilities capitalize on some of the traits inferred through bright colors. Pazda and Thorstenson recognize what job seekers no doubt consider 7 they look for a career to match their personal disposition (性格)：in some occupations, success is fueled by possessing certain personality traits. They give examples of industries such as sales and marketing as well as customer service as domains 8 extraverts thrive. Accordingly, applicants for these positions may be viewed more favorably and judged as more competent if they wear highly chromatic clothing. Regarding the generality of their results, Pazda and Thorstenson note that one of the limitations of their study was their use of participants living in the United States, which means their findings may not predict results in other cultures. They note the possibility that chroma may influence the perception of personality traits differently in non-Western countries, and that high-chroma clothing may be perceived as diverging from social norms in other cultures. The practical takeaway, at least in the United States, appears to be that bright colors, like the peacock’s tail, will get you 9 (notice). But depending on your goals, consider 10 (tailor) your chroma to the circumstances, personally and professionally. 【答案】 1．to put 2．how 3．In 4．were wearing 5．can 6．Drilling 7．as/when 8．where 9．noticed 10．tailoring 【导语】文章主要讲述了鲜亮色彩会影响他人对穿着者性格的第一印象。 1．考查非谓语动词。​句意：选择走鲜亮风格的人，无论他们是通过服装还是配饰来展现自我，都会听到各种各样的评价，从“派对上没人会注意不到你”到“我可绝对没勇气穿上那身行头”。此处为固定搭配have the guts to do sth.，意为“有胆量做某事”，故需用动词不定式作后置定语。 2．考查宾语从句。​句意：Adam D. Pazda和Christopher A. Thorstenson研究了我们对身着鲜艳色彩的人第一印象是如何感知的。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，意为“如何”，所以用连接副词how引导该从句。 3．考查介词。​句意：用实际术语来说，就是色调内容的含量或颜色强度。此处为固定搭配in practical terms，意为“从实际角度来看”，句首单词首字母大写。 4．考查动词时态。句意：无论是男性还是女性，身穿高彩度颜色或被高彩度颜色围绕的目标对象，比在低彩度环境中被认为更加开放和外向。根据主句谓语found可知，从句描述过去的状况；且wear与主语targets构成主动关系，强调当时正穿着的状态，应用过去进行时，be动词用were。 5．考查情态动词。​ 句意：他们得出结论，彩度是感知的一个变量，能够影响对他人性格的第一印象。根据空后动词原形influence及语境可知，此处表示“能够，可以”，需用情态动词can，表客观可能性。 6．考查非谓语动词。​ 句意：进一步深入探究，通过对所有实验的元分析来检验证据，他们发现高彩度颜色增强了观察者对于开放性和外向性的看法，但对其他特质（如情绪稳定性、亲和力和尽责性）则无此效果。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，drill和逻辑主语they之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语；且位于句首，首字母需大写。 7．考查状语从句。​ 句意：Pazda和Thorstenson认识到了求职者在寻找匹配自身性格的职业时无疑会考虑到的问题：在某些职业中，成功源于具备特定的性格特质。根据空后“they look for a career to match their personal disposition”可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，应用连词as或when引导该从句。 8．考查定语从句。​ 句意：他们举了销售、市场营销以及客户服务等行业的例子，将其作为外向者能够茁壮成长的领域。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词domains，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。 9．考查非谓语动词。​ 句意：至少在美国，实际的结论是，像孔雀的尾巴一样，鲜艳的色彩会让你引人注目。此处为“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，you与notice是被动关系（你被注意到），故需用过去分词作宾补。 10．考查非谓语动词。​ 句意：但根据你的目标，考虑根据你的个人和职业环境来调整色彩的彩度。consider doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“考虑做某事”，故需用动名词作宾语。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It might not have been the first to have a touchscreen but it was Tesla’s Model S, with its minimalist cabin built around a huge full-colour display, that set the trend. For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning and the music to satellite navigation. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen- 1 (control). But are touchscreens safe? The case for the prosecution is straightforward. If adjusting the screen of a smartphone while driving is 2 (distract), and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or adjust dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And 3 a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine, measured how long it took drivers to do things like switching to a new radio station or changing the temperature, while driving at 110 kilometres per hour. It 4 (compare) 11 cars with touchscreens to a single older model with real buttons. In the old car, drivers were able to do all their tasks within about ten seconds, during 5 time the car travelled around 300 metres. Another study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organization, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare 6 drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16. Safety organizations 7 (begin) to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organization that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score 8 certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. Car makers who choose to bring back physical buttons may reap other benefits, too. Many drivers dislike touchscreens for reasons 9 safety, finding them difficult and annoying to use. Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche, among others, have begun restoring at least some buttons to their new models, 10 (cite) drivers’ dislike of screens. But innovation never stops. 【答案】 1．controlled 2．distracting 3．because/as/since 4．compared 5．which 6．how long 7．are beginning/have begun 8．unless 9．other than/apart from/aside from 10．citing 【导语】本文主要探讨了汽车触摸屏的安全性问题，通过研究数据和监管动态说明了其存在的分心风险，并指出部分车企因应消费者反馈和新的安全评级标准，开始重新回归实体按钮。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是像自动车道保持这样的安全功能，有时也由屏幕控制。safety features和control是被动关系，表示“由屏幕控制”，用过去分词controlled，构成复合形容词screen-controlled，作表语。 2．考查形容词。句意：如果在开车时调整智能手机屏幕会让人分心，因此是危险的，那么对汽车屏幕做同样的事情可能也有风险。此空放在系动词is后作表语，修饰事物“操作屏幕这件事”，应用形容词distracting“使人分心的”。 3．考查连词。句意：而且，由于一块屏幕必须承担几十种功能，找到某个特定设置通常意味着要点击好几个子菜单。此空前后为因果逻辑，后半句解释前半句操作麻烦的原因，此空引导原因状语从句，表示“既然；由于”，用连词since/because/as。 4．考查时态。句意：它将11辆带触摸屏的汽车与一辆带实体按钮的老款车型进行了对比。此空为本句谓语动词，结合上句中“In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine”可知，此句指2022年的研究，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，填动词过去式compared。 5．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在老款车里，司机能在约十秒内完成所有任务，在这段时间里汽车行驶了约300米。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ten seconds，空处位于介词during之后，指代物，在定语从句中作定语修饰time，所以用关系代词which。 6．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：另一项由挪威合同研究机构SINTEF研究人员于2024年开展的研究，利用眼动追踪摄像头比较了驾驶员在触摸屏上执行不同任务时的注意力分散持续时间。此空引导宾语从句，结合下文“Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16.”可知，此处指分心的持续时间有多长，用how long。 7．考查时态。句意：安全组织已经开始注意到这一点/安全组织开始注意到这一点了。此句可以指安全组织已然开始关注该问题，强调动作发生在过去、对现在造成影响，用现在完成时，主语为复数，填have begun；也可表示“渐渐开始”或“正处于开始的过程中”，强调动作的渐进性，用现在进行时态are beginning。 8．考查条件状语从句。句意：欧洲新车安全评鉴协会（Euro NCAP）为在欧洲销售的汽车提供安全评级。从明年1月起，该协会的新规将意味着，除非转向灯、挡风玻璃雨刷器等关键功能由实体按键控制，否则任何汽车都无法获得五星满分评级。此空引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，应用连词unless。 9．考查介词短语。句意：许多司机不喜欢触摸屏，除了安全方面的原因外，还因为觉得它们难用且令人烦躁。此处表示“除了出于安全考虑，还有操作体验上的原因”，用other than/apart from/aside from“除……之外（还）”，与名词safety构成介宾结构。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：大众、保时捷等品牌已开始在新车型上至少恢复部分实体按钮，理由是驾驶员反感触控屏幕操作。已有谓语动词have begun，cite作非谓语动词，主语是“Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche”这些车企，和动词cite之间是主动关系，应用现在分词citing表示主动，作伴随状语。 Passage 4 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It Has Pockets! As a young girl, Claire McCardell hated wearing a dress when climbing trees, and didn’t understand why she couldn’t wear pants with pockets like her brothers. At summer camp, she hated swimming in the full-stockings women 1 (expect) to wear, so she abandoned hers and went bare-legged in the lake, even though she knew she 2 (get) in trouble. McCardell made a career out of asking such questions, and helped transform American fashion in the process, as Elizabeth Dickinson details in her lively biography, Claire McCardell: The Designer Who Set Women Free. Almost a century later, “we owe much of 3 hangs in our closets to Claire McCardell,” Dickinson writes, and yet she is not 4 the fashion figures “we all remember”. That’s an understatement. Fashion historians tend to agree that McCardell had an elegant and inventive talent for bringing American women new freedom of movement. She rejected anything 5 (restrict) — even when Christian Dior burst onto the French scene and began locking women back into corsets with 18-inch waists. Dior described women as flowers, to be admired and plucked. McCardell saw women as doers, and designed accordingly. 6 McCardell was really “the designer who set women free” in a broader sense is a more complicated question. During her lifetime, women certainly gained freedom: more casual and comfortable options; and in general, more choice about how they might acceptably present 7 to the world. The main reason McCardell isn’t well-known globally is that, unlike her contemporary rival Christian Dior, she didn’t name a successor or plan for her brand to continue after her death. Dior also died at 52, just a few months before McCardell, 8 (appoint) Yves Saint Laurent to carry on his work and safeguard his name. But McCardell is worth remembering as an example of the persistence required to see the world as it is in any field. In 2021, her hometown in Maryland installed a statue of her in a local park, with 9 to honor her influence on fashion. She sits in her typical posture, confident and at ease. It’s striking to see an official statue that looks so relaxed; she’s not staring at the horizon 10 preparing to give an official address. She looks, above all, comfortable. 【答案】 1．were expected 2．would get/would have got 3．what 4．among/in 5．restricting 6．Whether 7．themselves 8．having appointed 9．which 10．as if/as though 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国时装设计师Claire McCardell的生平及其对美国女性时尚的重要影响。 1．考查动词语态。句意：在夏令营里，她讨厌穿着女性被要求穿的全长丝袜游泳，所以她脱掉了丝袜，光着腿在湖里游泳，尽管她知道她会惹上麻烦。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上下文语境，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时， women与expect之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在夏令营里，她讨厌穿着女性被要求穿的全长丝袜游泳，所以她脱掉了丝袜，光着腿在湖里游泳，尽管她知道她会惹上麻烦/可能已经惹上麻烦。空格处为宾语从句的谓语动词；根据主句谓语knew可知，此处表示从过去看将来要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，即would+动词原形；would have got表示对过去情况的虚拟，在此处也可理解为“她知道自己可能已经惹上麻烦”。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：近一个世纪后，“我们衣橱里挂着的大部分东西都要归功于Claire McCardell，” Dickinson写道，然而，她并不在那些“我们都记得”的时尚人物之列。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导。 4．考查介词。句意：近一个世纪后，“我们衣橱里挂着的大部分东西都要归功于Claire McCardell，” Dickinson写道，然而，她并不在那些“我们都记得”的时尚人物之列。空格处需填入介词，与后面的名词短语构成介词短语；among表示“在……之中”，in表示“在……里面”，均符合语境，表示她不在那些著名时尚人物之中。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：她拒绝任何限制性的东西——即使Christian Dior闯入法国时尚界，开始把女性重新锁进18英寸腰围的紧身胸衣里。空格处作后置定语修饰不定代词anything，anything与restrict之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。 6．考查主语从句。句意：McCardell是否真的在更广泛的意义上是“解放女性的设计师”是一个更复杂的问题。空格处引导主语从句，根据句意“是否”可知，应用whether引导；注意首字母大写。 7．考查反身代词。句意：在她的一生中，女性确实获得了自由：更休闲舒适的选择；总的来说，在如何可接受地向世界展示自己方面有了更多选择。空格处作动词present的宾语，且与主语women指代同一群体，应用反身代词themselves。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：Dior也在52岁时去世，比McCardell早几个月，他已经任命Yves Saint Laurent继续他的工作并保护他的名字。空格处作伴随状语，Dior与appoint之间为主动关系，且appoint这一动作发生在died之前，应用现在分词的完成式having appointed。 9．考查定语从句。句意：2021年，她的家乡马里兰州在当地公园为她竖立了一座雕像，以纪念她对时尚的影响。空格处引导定语从句（省略/紧缩形式），具体来说是“介词+关系代词+不定式”，先行词为a statue of her，应用关系代词which替代先行词，with which= with the statue(用这座雕像)，to honor是不定式，表示目的。 10．考查方式状语从句。句意：令人惊讶的是，这座官方雕像看起来如此放松；她不像是在凝视地平线，也不像是在准备发表正式演讲。空格处引导方式状语从句，根据句意“好像、仿佛”可知，应用as if或as though引导。 Passage 5 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal 1 (examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, 2 there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, 3 (author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in 4 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. 5 impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, 6 (worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data 7 (estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. 8 (big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design 9 leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce 10 they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. 【答案】 1．has examined 2．when 3．authored 4．the 5．As well as/In addition to 6．worsening 7．to estimate 8．The biggest 9．that/which 10．how much 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化导致夜间升温，进而造成全球睡眠流失加剧，并阐述高温带来的各类健康与社会影响。 1．考查固定句型与时态。句意：这是这本知名医学期刊首次研究该项指标。在固定句型It is the first time that...中从句使用现在完成时，从句主语the prestigious medical journal为单数，谓语动词has examined。 2．考查定语从句。句意：睡眠流失量在有记录以来最热的2023年达到顶峰，在这一年睡眠流失率上升了百分之六。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为2023，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：这份由122名全球专家撰写的第八期《柳叶刀健康与气候变化年度报告》发现，高温、干旱和强降雨正日益影响人类健康。本句已有谓语found，空处应用非谓语动词，report与author为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。 4．考查冠词。句意：65岁以上人群的高温相关死亡人数创下历史新高，比20世纪90年代高出167%。年代前必须加定冠词the，in the 1990s为固定表达，意为“在20世纪90年代”。 5．考查介词短语。句意：不仅（除了）影响睡眠，夜间过热还会降低身体降温以及从日间高温中恢复的能力。结合句意，此处表示“不仅”或“除……之外”，用as well as/in addition to。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：夜间过热还会降低身体降温以及从日间高温中恢复的能力，加剧热浪致死情况，尤其针对患有心脏和呼吸系统基础疾病的人群。句子已有谓语reduces，此处用非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：该研究利用历史睡眠监测数据和温度数据，评估不同年份夜间高温对睡眠造成的影响。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.表示“使用某物做某事”，此处用不定式作目的状语。 8．考查形容词最高级。句意：睡眠流失增幅最大的地区为中东和撒哈拉以南非洲地区。结合in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa可知，此处表示范围之内的最高程度，应用形容词最高级，且最高级前通常需加定冠词，句首单词首字母大写。 9．考查定语从句。句意：即便是在气候更温和的地区，不合理的建筑设计会加剧夜间过热，这类设计使得室内温度高于室外温度。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为building design（事物），定语从句缺少主语，可用关系代词that或which引导。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：建筑可以配备空调或更好的遮阳设施，以减少建筑在日间的升温幅度。此处作reduce的宾语从句，修饰升温程度，表示“多少、程度”，用how much。 Passage 6 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. A Stammerer I was walking to my home in Toronto when a well-dressed man politely stopped me to ask for directions. “Could you tell me which way to Bloor and...” He struggled to get the next word out, a pained look on his face, but I knew better than 1 (finish) his sentence for him. “... Bathurst?” he said after several seconds of straining. When I started to answer, he told me that he didn’t actually need to know. He 2 (practice) stammering (口吃) openly, he explained, hoping to become more confident doing so around strangers. I lit up with excitement. “Are you doing that because it’s National Stammering Awareness Day?” I asked, always eager to connect with other people who stammer. When the man asked how I knew that, I said that I grew up with a stammer. He nodded, looking a bit wistful: “And I suppose your stammer has magically disappeared since then?” His question gave me pause. While it’s true that my stammer was more noticeable when I was a child, this was partially 3 I’d since found workarounds for difficult words and sounds, helping me hide the worst of it. When I answered his question, I opted for 4 (simple) explanation: that I had grown out of my stammer. But was this true? Most people who meet me don’t notice my stammer, or, if they do, they chalk it up to shyness or insecurity. While most of the time I don’t stammer overtly (明显地), many of my choices are still guided by a deep fear of disfluency. Stammerers like me, those who can pass as reasonably fluent, are called ”covert“ stammerers, 5 (mean) that the most prominent features of our stammers aren’t the overt ones — the syllable repetition, prolonged sounds and vocal blocks usually associated with stammering — but the things we do to hide them. Vocal disfluency can deeply impact a person’s decisions. For example, most stammerers have difficulty saying their names. When asked my name, I always respond with a rushed “My name is Isabel,” 6 just “Isabel,” a trick that usually works, even if it often sounds clunky and awkward. My worst nightmare is a circle of strangers saying their names one at a time. Despite being a social person, I generally avoid situations 7 I have to meet many new people at once. This common experience for stammerers 8 complicate our social and professional lives. “I can only imagine how many people think I’m an aloof (冷漠的) person based on how rarely I introduce myself to someone new,” says Sophia Stewart, a Brooklyn-based journalist who has written about her covert stammer. “Mostly I just don’t introduce myself 9 it is absolutely necessary. I try not to think about how many   10 (miss) opportunities and bad first impressions this has resulted in.” 【答案】 1．to finish 2．was practicing 3．because 4．the simplest 5．meaning 6．rather than 7．where 8．can 9．unless 10．missed 【导语】作者结合自身经历，讲述了隐性口吃者的日常困扰、自我掩饰方式以及口吃对社交和生活带来的负面影响。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他费力地想说出下一个词，脸上露出痛苦的神情，但我很清楚不该替他说完这句话。固定结构better than to do sth.表示“不该做某事”，此处需填入动词不定式。 2．考查动词时态。句意：他解释道，他当时正在公开练习口吃，希望能在陌生人面前变得更加自信。此处为主句谓语，结合上下文语境，男子当时正在进行练习的动作，应用过去进行时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用was practicing。 3．考查表语从句。句意：诚然，我小时候的口吃更明显，但这部分是因为我后来找到了应对难读单词和发音的变通方法，帮我掩盖了最严重的口吃状况。此处引导表语从句，结合句意，此处解释原因，应用连接词because。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：当他问我这个问题时，我选择了最简单的解释：我的口吃随着成长自行消失了。结合语境，作者刻意挑选了最简单的说法，需用形容词最高级。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：像我这样可以伪装成说话基本流利的口吃者被称为“隐性”口吃者，这意味着我们口吃最显著的特征并非外在表现。本句已有谓语动词are called，此处为现在分词作结果状语，前面整句话与mean为主动关系，应用现在分词。 6．考查连词。句意：当被问到名字时，我总是急促地回答“我叫伊莎贝尔”，而不是只说“伊莎贝尔”，这个技巧通常管用，即便听起来常常生硬尴尬。根据上文“ For example, most stammerers have difficulty saying their names. ”可知，口吃的人很难只说自己的名字，因此当作者被问名字时她会回答“我叫伊莎贝尔”，而不是只说“伊莎贝尔”，表示“而不是”用rather than。 7．考查定语从句引导词。句意：尽管我擅长社交，但我通常会避开需要一次性认识很多陌生人的场合。此处为定语从句，先行词为situations，表抽象地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 8．考查情态动词。句意：口吃者的这种普遍经历会困扰我们的社交和职业生活。结合语境，此处表示客观可能性，意为“会、可能”，用情态动词can。 9．考查连词。句意：大多数时候，除非绝对必要，否则我不会主动自我介绍。结合句意，此处表示“除非”，用unless引导条件状语从句。 10．考查形容词。句意：我尽量不去想这造成了多少错失的机会和糟糕的第一印象。此处修饰名词opportunities，需用形容词作定语，miss对应的形容词missed表示“错过的”。 Passage 7 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Irish seaweed bathing If any nation has unlocked the full potential of seaweed, it’s Ireland. 1 (early) records so far show the sixth-century monks living on Skellig Michael off the southwest coast already made use of it, collecting wild seaweed to eat and fertilise their rocky gardens. By around the 1800s, west coast farmers 2 (make) a new discovery: while gathering seaweed to fertilise their crops, their skin diseases magically improved, for 3 reason the art of seaweed bathing was born. The Victorians were pros, the practice 4 (lead) to the creation of some 300 seaweed-dedicated bathhouses across the country. Bathers would soak in tubs filled with near-boiling Atlantic seawater, to which fresh, local seaweed would be added 5 (steam). This allowed the seaweed’s essential oils to infuse (渗入) the water, and a long soak calmed bathers’ skin. Around the mid-1900s, though, seaweed bathing fell out of fashion with both locals and travellers. Just over a decade ago, only two bathhouses remained. Studies have since shown 6 the practice does, in fact, hold weight: seaweed’s bioactive compounds, released as oil when added to boiling water, can indeed calm the skin. And, 7 a renewed focus across Ireland on celebrating traditional heritage, seaweed is back on the menu — appearing everywhere from Waterford to Donegal and in hotel spas to simple bathhouses. In County Slig, Cullen Seaweed Baths is the oldest of its kind: a fifth-generation, family-run operation that hand-harvests wild seaweed, 8 it has since opening in 1912. The venue that initiated the latest revival is Voya Seaweed Baths, which opened in 2000, launching an award-winning line of seaweed-infused products. In the past few years, 9 have been joined by a bevy (一批) of openings. At Wild Atlantic Seaweed Baths, you can bathe beside the Cliffs of Moher. Beachside Dingle Wellness has organic seaweed treatments, while Connemara Seaweed Baths offers the treatment alongside saunas (桑拿浴). Hotels including The Twelve are expanding their spas to offer the experience, too. Seaweed’s popularity 10 have started with a colony of hardy monks, but the humble seaweed is now riding a wellness wave. 【答案】 1．The earliest 2．had made 3．which 4．leading 5．to be steamed 6．that 7．thanks to 8．just as 9．they 10．may 【导语】本文围绕爱尔兰海藻浴展开，讲述其从早期被僧侣利用，到因偶然发现对皮肤病有益而诞生海藻浴艺术，经历兴衰后如今又因传统遗产受重视而复兴的历程，还介绍了一些相关的海藻浴场。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：迄今为止最早的记录显示，生活在西南海岸外斯凯利格·迈克尔岛上的六世纪僧侣已经在利用海藻，采集野生海藻食用并给他们的岩石花园施肥。根据“so far”可知，这里强调是到目前为止最早的记录，要用形容词early的最高级形式，且最高级前通常加定冠词the。 2．考查时态。句意：到19世纪左右，西海岸的农民有了一项新发现：在收集海藻给庄稼施肥时，他们的皮肤病神奇地改善了，基于这个原因，海藻浴这门艺术诞生了。“by +过去时间”表示“到……为止”，常与过去完成时连用，其结构为“had +过去分词”，表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。这里指在19世纪左右之前农民就已经有了这个发现。 3．考查定语从句。句意：到19世纪左右，西海岸的农民有了一项新发现：在收集海藻给庄稼施肥时，他们的皮肤病神奇地改善了，基于这个原因，海藻浴这门艺术诞生了。非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事（皮肤病症神奇好转），介词 for 提前，只能用关系代词 which。 for which reason = as a result of which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：维多利亚时代的人很精通此道，这种做法使得全国出现了约300家专门的海藻澡堂。分析句子结构，这里没有连词，所以用谓语动词形式。“the practice”与“lead to”之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作状语，构成独立主格结构。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：入浴者会浸泡在装满几乎沸腾的大西洋海水的浴缸里，新鲜的当地海藻会被添加进去蒸煮。此处表示海藻被添加进去的目的是被蒸煮，用动词不定式的被动形式to be steamed作目的状语。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：从那以后的研究表明，这种做法实际上是有依据的：海藻中的生物活性化合物，在加入沸水中时会以油的形式释放出来，确实可以舒缓皮肤。“the practice does, in fact, hold weight”是一个完整的句子，作“shown”的宾语，所以用连接词that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。 7．考查短语。句意：而且，由于爱尔兰各地重新关注庆祝传统遗产，海藻又重回人们的选择——从沃特福德到多尼戈尔，从酒店水疗中心到简易澡堂，随处可见。根据语境，这里表示原因，“thanks to”意为“由于，多亏”，符合语境。 8．考查连词。句意：在斯莱戈郡，卡伦海藻浴场是同类浴场中最古老的：这是一家五代人经营的家族企业，自1912年开业以来一直手工采摘野生海藻，就像它从开业以来一直在做的那样。“just as”表示“正如，就像”，引导方式状语从句。 9．考查代词。句意：在过去几年里，又有一批新开业的场所加入了它们的行列。这里指代前文提到的“Cullen Seaweed Baths”和“Voya Seaweed Baths”，作主语，用主格代词they。 10．考查情态动词。句意：海藻的流行可能始于一群吃苦耐劳的僧侣，但这种不起眼的海藻如今正乘着健康养生的浪潮。根据语境，这里表示对过去情况不太确定的推测，“may have done”表示“过去可能做过某事”。 Passage 8 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why is Art so Powerful? Perhaps the simplest answer to this question is that art touches us emotionally. Art is powerful 1 it can potentially influence our culture, politics, and even the economy. When we see a powerful work of art, we feel 2 touching deep within your core, giving us the power to make real-life changes. It has the power to educate people about almost anything. It creates awareness and presents information in a way that could be absorbed by many easily. In a world 3 there are those who don’t even have access to good education, art makes education an even 4 (great) equalizer of society. It breaks cultural, social, and economic barriers. While art hardly really solves poverty or promotes social justice   5 its own, it can be used as a leveled playing field for discourse and expression. The reason why everyone can relate to art is 6 everyone has emotions and personal experiences. Therefore, anyone can learn to appreciate art regardless of their social background, economic standing or political affiliation. It accesses higher orders of thinking. Art doesn’t just make you absorb information. Rather, it makes you think about current ideas and inspire you   7 (make) your own. This is why creativity is a form of intelligence — it is a special ability that unlocks the potential of the human mind. In fact, studies have shown that exposure to art can make you better in other fields of knowledge. The truth is that people have recognized how powerful art can be. Many times in history have we heard of people   8 (criticize), threatened, censored, and even killed because of their artwork. Those responsible for these reactions, may it be an aggressive government or a dissident (持不同政见的) group, 9 (take) these measures against artists knowing how much their works can affect the politics in a 10 (give) area. In the hands of good people, however, art can be used to give back hope or instill courage in a society that’s undergoing a lot of hardships. 【答案】 1．because 2．it 3．where 4．greater 5．on 6．that 7．to make 8．being criticized 9．take 10．given 【导语】本文主要探讨了艺术为何具有强大的力量，从情感触动、教育功能、打破界限、激发高阶思维以及历史上因其影响力而遭受打压等多个角度进行了阐述。 1．考查连词。句意：艺术之所以强大，是因为它有可能影响我们的文化、政治甚至经济。分析句子逻辑，后文是前文“艺术强大”的原因，应用连词because引导原因状语从句。 2．考查代词。句意：当我们看到一件强大的艺术作品时，你会感觉到它深深地触动你的内心，赋予我们改变现实的力量。代词it指代前文的a powerful work of art（震撼的艺术作品），作 feel 的宾语。 3．考查定语从句。句意：在一个并非所有人都有机会获得良好教育的世界，艺术使教育成为社会更伟大的平衡器。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词world。先行词表示地点，且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据空前的even（甚至）可知，此处应用形容词great的比较级greater，表示“更伟大的”，作定语。 5．考查固定搭配。句意：虽然艺术本身几乎无法真正解决贫困或促进社会正义，但它可以作为一个公平的竞争平台用于讨论和表达。on one’s own 是固定搭配，意为“独自地，独立地”。此处用on its own表示“艺术自身”。 6．考查表语从句。句意：每个人都能与艺术产生共鸣的原因是每个人都有情感和个人经历。The reason why… is that… 是固定句型，意为“……的原因是……”，that引导表语从句。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，它让你思考当下的观念，并激励你去创造你自己的观念。inspire sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在历史上，我们多次听说人们因为他们的作品而受到批评、威胁、审查甚至杀害。hear of sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“听说某人/某事做某事”。people与动词criticize之间是被动关系，且criticize的动作与谓语动词heard of同时发生，应用动名词的被动形式being criticized。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：那些对这些（反应）负责的人，无论是激进的政府还是持不同政见的团体，采取这些措施来对付艺术家，是因为他们知道艺术家的作品能在特定地区对政治产生多大的影响。may it be...or...（无论是…… 还是……）是插入语，不影响主句谓语，空处为句子谓语，本句的主语是“Those responsible for these reactions”，为复数，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。 10．考查形容词。句意同上。此处修饰名词area，应用形容词形式作定语。given可作形容词，意为“特定的，指定的”。 Passage 9 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write It Out Writers often need a fresh idea before they can begin. That is why writing prompts (提示) are useful. A prompt does not tell the whole story. Instead, it offers a starting point and allows the writer to decide what 1 (happen) next. There are no fixed rules, so each person can take the same idea in a different direction. One prompt can come from 2 as ordinary as the weather. Open a weather app, choose a random city, and check the forecast for the week. Then imagine that the exact opposite weather arrives. A town 3 (expect) sunshine may suddenly face snow, while one preparing for rain might wake to clear skies. How would people react? Another common prompt focuses on people under pressure. Imagine that a character 4 (ask) without warning to give a public speech. They may welcome the chance to speak, or they may feel deeply nervous. The writer can explore both the speech itself and the emotions 5 it. Some prompts introduce an element of fantasy. Picture a gardening hut 6 gives certain visitors special powers. Perhaps it only responds to kind people, or perhaps it rewards those with courage. The question is not only 7 powers will be granted, but how those powers change people. Other prompts encourage careful description. 8 (surround) by the smells, tastes, and sounds of a favorite meal, a character preparing and eating it can be brought vividly to life. The meal may matter 9 it reminds the character of home or of someone they love. Prompts can also create conflict or mystery. Two people return home together but refuse to speak to each other. Someone walks past an old school and suddenly faints. A roommate arrives with a completely unexpected pet. Each situation immediately raises questions that need 10 (answer). Good prompts do not limit imagination. They simply open a door. Once the first sentence is written, the story can grow in surprising ways. 【答案】 1．will happen 2．something 3．expecting 4．is asked 5．behind 6．that/which 7．what 8．Surrounded 9．because/as/since 10．answering/to be answered 【导语】本文主要介绍写作提示的作用、不同类型的写作提示以及如何借助提示激发写作想象力。 1．考查时态。句意：相反，它提供一个起点，让作者决定接下来会发生什么。根据语境“接下来”，表将来，用一般将来时“will happen”。 2．考查不定代词。句意：一个提示可能来自像天气这样普通的事物。分析句子结构可知，as ordinary as the weather是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰空处的词。结合语境“来自……事物”，且表示泛指，应用不定代词something。 3．考查非谓语。句意：一个期待阳光的城镇可能会突然下雪，而一个准备下雨的城镇可能会发现天空晴朗。本句的谓语动词是may suddenly face，空格处expect需用非谓语形式。town与expect是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 4．考查被动语态与时态。句意：想象一个人物毫无预兆地被要求做公开演讲。Imagine后接一个that引导的宾语从句。从句主语a character与动词ask之间是被动关系，且描述一种假设的情景，通常用一般现在时的被动语态。主语a character是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 5．考查介词。句意：作者可以探讨演讲本身以及演讲背后的情绪。根据句意可知，此处指探讨隐藏在演讲背后的情绪。behind意为“在……背后/后面”，符合语境。 6．考查定语从句。句意：想象一间能给予特定访客特殊能力的园艺小屋。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为hut，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that或which。 7．考查表语从句。句意：问题不只是会赋予什么能力，而是这些能力如何改变人们。空处位于is not only后，引导表语从句，且根据句意可知，从句缺少定语，表示“什么”含义，用what。 8．考查非谓语。句意：被喜爱食物的气味、味道和声音包围，一个准备并享用食物的人物可以被生动地刻画出来。逗号前是状语部分。逻辑主语a character与surround之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母需大写。 9．考查原因状语从句。句意：这顿饭之所以重要，可能是因为它让这个角色想起了家或他们爱的人。根据句意，后半句是在解释前半句“The meal may matter”的原因，用because、as或since引导原因状语从句均可。 10．考查非谓语。句意：每种情况都会立刻提出需要解答的问题。need作为实义动词，后面接动词时有两种常见用法：need doing (某事需要被做，主动形式表被动含义)或need to be done(某事需要被做，被动不定式)。此处questions与answer之间是被动关系，即“问题需要被回答”，故answering或to be answered均可。 Passage 10 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Bow Street Police Museum: A Journey Through History In the heart of London lies a hidden treasure for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike. The Bow Street Police Museum is a fascinating place 1 history comes to life, offering a unique look at one of London’s oldest policing stations. Located in central London, the museum occupies 2 was once the Bow Street Police Station and Magistrates Court. This historic building opened in 1881 and played a key role in law enforcement for over a century. In the past, people arrested in the area were held overnight in cells before 3 (appear) in court the next morning. Today, visitors can explore these cells, including a particularly large one called “the tank.” It once held many people at a time and was known 4 (have) an awful smell and poor conditions. Walking into the tank today makes it easy to imagine how unpleasant it 5 (be) back then. The museum also tells the story of the Bow Street Runners, often considered London’s first organized police force.   6 (found) in 1749 by brothers Henry and John Fielding, this group laid the foundation for modern policing. Henry Fielding was also a well-known author, and new officers under him   7 (equip) with simple tools like handcuffs, a pistol, and a stick to help maintain peace. The police station finally closed in 1992, while the court continued operating 8 2006. It hosted several famous trials. Today, the museum   9 (preserve) this rich history, sharing stories of crime, justice, and the people who worked there.   10 you’re exploring the cells or learning about important trials, the Bow Street Police Museum offers an unforgettable journey into the past. 【答案】 1．where 2．what 3．appearing 4．to have 5．was 6．Founded 7．were equipped 8．until/till 9．preserves 10．Whether 【导语】文章主要讲述了伦敦鲍街警察博物馆的历史沿革、建筑背景及其在执法史上的重要地位。 1．考查定语从句。句意：鲍街警察博物馆是一个迷人的地方，在这里历史变得鲜活起来，让人们得以独特地窥见伦敦最古老的警察局之一。根据“a fascinating place”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为place，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 2．考查宾语从句。句意：该博物馆位于伦敦市中心，占据了曾经是鲍街警察局和治安法院的地方。分析句子结构，空格处引导宾语从句，作occupies的宾语，且从句中缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，应用what引导宾语从句。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去，在该地区被捕的人会在牢房里过夜，然后于次日上午出庭。before为介词，介词后接动词时需用动名词形式。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它曾同时关押许多人，以气味难闻和条件恶劣而闻名。be known to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“据知晓会……；以……而闻名/著称”，此处用不定式形式。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如今走进这个牢房，很容易想象当时是多么令人不适。根据时间状语“back then”可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语it为第三人称单数。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织由亨利·菲尔丁和约翰·菲尔丁兄弟于1749年创立，为现代警务奠定了基础。分析句子结构，空格处为非谓语动词作状语，found与逻辑主语this group之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，句首单词首字母需大写。 7．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：亨利·菲尔丁也是一位著名作家，他手下的新警员配备有手铐、手枪和警棍等简单工具以协助维持治安。根据上下文语境，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；主语new officers为复数，且与equip之间为被动关系。 8．考查介词。句意：警察局最终于1992年关闭，而法院一直运作到2006年。根据句意，此处表示“直到……为止”，应用介词until或till。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，该博物馆保存着这段丰富的历史，分享着关于犯罪、正义以及曾在那里工作过的人们的故事。根据时间状语“Today”可知，此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；主语the museum为第三人称单数。 10．考查状语从句。句意：无论你是探索牢房还是了解重要审判，鲍街警察博物馆都能为你提供一次难忘的穿越历史之旅。根据“or”可知，此处为whether...or...结构，引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……还是……”，句首单词首字母需大写。 Passage 11 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. … And Big Leaps While traditional manufacturers slowly add semiautomatic features, Tesla, a relatively young auto-manufacturer, is taking an approach 1 seems more aggressive. Last year, an update to the software in one of its models added the ability to operate 2 “auto-pilot”: The car mostly drives itself, but the driver can take over if, for example, the car attempts to exit the freeway by itself — as it did during some runs soon after 3 (introduce) last year. Each time a driver intervenes (干预), Tesla registers the correction in its software, which 4 (share) with all the other cars. The idea is 5 over time, the cars will get better at driving. Tesla’s autopilot occupies a regulatory gray area, since updates to a car’s software 6 (not require) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s approval — though that could change as the agency rules catch up with technology. Ford or GM would likely never have put a system never 7 (test) before into service. However, Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk, 8 those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t. A couple of years ago, Tesla updated its software again to add a way to “summon (召唤)” your car. The car can turn 9 on, open the garage door, and meet you in the driveway like an automotive butler. For now, the feature is meant 10 (use) only on private property, but Tesla promises Knight Rider-style summoning in the future: Your car will greet you at the airport when you return from a trip or read your calendar and know where to pick you up after a meeting downtown. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．on 3．being introduced 4．is shared 5．that 6．don’t require 7．tested 8．while 9．itself 10．to be used 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了特斯拉在自动驾驶技术方面的创新举措，包括其激进的技术发展方式、自动驾驶功能、软件更新以及未来的一些承诺等。 1．考查定语从句。句意：当传统制造商缓慢地增加半自动功能时，相对年轻的汽车制造商特斯拉正在采取一种似乎更为激进的方法。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词approach，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 2．考查介词、固定短语。句意：去年，其一款车型的软件更新增加了“自动驾驶”功能：汽车基本上可以自动驾驶，但如果出现例如汽车试图自行驶出高速公路的情况，驾驶员可以接管——就像去年推出后不久的一些运行中所发生的那样。operate on为固定短语，意为“操作，运行”，此处表示“运行‘自动驾驶’功能”。故填on。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词after的宾语，用动名词形式，且introduce与逻辑主语it（指代car）之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式being done。故填being introduced。 4．考查时态和语态。句意：每次驾驶员干预时，特斯拉都会在其软件中记录修正，该软件会与其他所有汽车共享。此处是定语从句的谓语部分，定语从句表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词用一般现在时，且share与先行词software之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语which指代software，为单数，所以be动词用is。故填is shared。 5．考查表语从句。句意：这个想法是，随着时间的推移，汽车会越来越擅长驾驶。此处引导表语从句，从句成分和意义都完整，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：特斯拉的自动驾驶处于监管灰色地带，因为汽车软件的更新不需要国家公路交通安全管理局的批准——尽管随着该机构的规则赶上技术发展，这种情况可能会改变。此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，且require与主语updates之间是主动关系，主语updates是复数，所以谓语动词用原形，其否定形式为don't require。故填don't require。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：福特或通用汽车可能永远不会将一个从未经过测试的系统投入使用。此处作后置定语修饰system，且test与system之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词tested。故填tested。 8．考查连词。句意：然而，特斯拉的技术导向型客户似乎愿意承担这种风险，而我们这些不得不与他们共享道路的人则希望他们不要这样做。根据上文“Tesla’s tech-forward customers seem willing to take the risk(特斯拉的技术导向型客户似乎愿意承担这种风险)”以及下文“those of us who have to share the road with them would rather they didn’t(我们这些不得不与他们共享道路的人则希望他们不要这样做)”可知，前后两句是对比关系，所以用连词while表示“然而”。故填while。 9．考查反身代词。句意：汽车可以自行启动，打开车库门，像汽车管家一样在车道上迎接你。此处表示汽车“自行启动”，所以用反身代词itself作turn的宾语。故填itself。 10．考查非谓语动词、固定短语。句意：目前，该功能仅打算在私人财产上使用，但特斯拉承诺未来会有像《霹雳游侠》风格的召唤功能：当你旅行归来时，你的汽车会在机场迎接你，或者读取你的日历，知道在市中心开会后去哪里接你。be meant to do为固定短语，意为“打算做某事”，且use与逻辑主语the feature之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式to be done。故填to be used。 Passage 12 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Temperatures are warming up with days getting longer, so we throw off our coats and boots and spend time outside taking in the sun’s warmth. Those signs of spring also signal to many that it’s time to conduct a thorough cleaning in their house, a tradition with roots 1 (date) back to ancient times, symbolizing the transition from the hibernating (冬眠) winter season to the dynamic growth of spring. “We sweep the floor and polish the surface, and 2 these actions represent is that we are honoring a tradition which unites us with past generations,” says Maren Voss, a director at the Museum of the Home in London. Spring cleaning actually arises from various cultures. In Chinese culture, it is customary just before New Year’s Day 3 (tidy) up one’s home so that good fortune will arrive. In Western culture, spring cleaning also has a practical history. In the past, homes 4 (heat) with wood or coal. And oil lamps lit homes 5 electricity was widely used, so dirt built up on surfaces. Here came spring cleaning. However, spring cleaning may have more to do with biology. Some studies suggest more sunlight increases our wakefulness because we produce less melatonin, a chemical that makes us sleepy. Melatonin causes us to become 6 (willing) to refresh our space. When the seasons start to shift, feelings of dullness reduce, and we regain energy and feel 7 (motivate) to deep clean our living environments. Studies have shown that cleaning has a healing effect, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” 8 are taking social media by storm. Millions of people watch them clean dirty homes and share cleaning tips. What starts 9 a simple video watch often ends with viewers tackling their own household chores. If you haven’t visited the gym lately, 10 (start) your workout at home by washing windows and floors. So pick a room, grab some cleaning supplies and begin. Make your living space as fresh as spring. 【答案】 1．dating 2．what 3．to tidy 4．were heated 5．before/until 6．less willing 7．motivated 8．who/that 9．as/with 10．start 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍春季大扫除的传统起源、中外文化背景及生物学原因，说明光照影响褪黑素让人更愿打扫，还提及清洁博主带动风气，建议人们动手清洁。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些春天的迹象也向许多人传递出一个信息：是时候对自家进行一次彻底的清扫了。这一传统可以追溯到古代，象征着从冬眠般的冬季到充满活力的春季的转变。此处root与date为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。 2．考查主语从句。句意：伦敦“家庭博物馆”的馆长玛伦·沃斯说：“我们清扫地板、擦拭表面，这些举动所体现的正是我们对这一传统表示尊重，这一传统将我们与过去几代人紧密相连。”引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，指“这些行为所代表的事”用what引导。故填what。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，新年前夕人们通常会打扫房屋，以期迎来好运。句型It is customary to do sth.表示“做某事是一种习俗”。故填to tidy。 4．考查时态语态。句意：过去，人们用木材或煤炭来为房屋供暖。主语homes与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文In the past可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were heated。 5．考查状语从句。句意：在电力得到广泛应用之前，人们使用油灯来照明，因此物体表面会积聚灰尘。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”用before；或表示“直到……为止”用until。故填before/until。 6．考查比较级。句意：褪黑素会使我们变得不那么愿意去整理和清洁自己的空间了。结合句意“褪黑素让人困倦，因此更不愿意打扫空间”，用比较级，在前面加less。故填less willing。 7．考查形容词。句意：当季节发生变化时，那种沉闷感会减轻，我们也会重新获得活力，从而有动力对居住环境进行彻底的清洁。作表语，用形容词motivated。故填motivated。 8．考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，清洁具有治愈作用，这一点从那些在社交媒体上风靡一时的“清洁达人”身上就可见一斑。定语从句修饰先行词cleanfluencers，在从句作主语，指人。故填who/that。 9．考查介词。句意：起初只是观看一个简单的视频，但最终却往往会让观众们投入到自己的家务劳动中去。短语start as/with表示“开始于/以……开始”，故填as/with。 10．考查祈使句。句意：如果你最近没去健身房的话，那就先在家里开始锻炼吧，比如先擦窗户和地板。此处为肯定祈使句，应填动词原形。故填start。 Passage 13 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Gods in Greek Mythology The gods of the Greek religion were personifications of natural powers. Yet they 1 (shape) after the fashion of human beings, both in bodily form and in their needs and passions. They were born, grew, married, and suffered, 2 death never came to them. These beings, like men, only greater and more beautiful, must have cities and homes like those of men. Yet the Greeks of the mainland realized that it wasn’t their immortality that made them remarkable, but that their very existence seemed   3 (belong) to a world untouched by time and decay. So they looked up to the Mt. Olympus up in the sky, majestic, mysterious, eternally enduring, and saw there, under the arch of heaven, the golden halls of the divine city. It was a true city of the sky, structured after the model of the Greek city-states. At the gates of cloud the Hours stood as guardians; within the walls rose the palaces of the gods. And on the topmost peak was the great hall 4 the members of the Olympic Council gathered for deliberation or for feasting. Ambrosia was the food 5 (serve) at these banquets, and nectar, poured into the cups by Hebe, the goddess of youth, nourished the ichor (灵液) flowing in the gods’ veins instead of blood. The rich odor of sacrifices offered on earth 6 (fill) the noses of the feasters. Their ears were charmed by the songs the Muses sang 7 the accompaniment of Apollo’s lyre (七弦竖琴). In the place of honour sat Zeus on his golden throne, and Hera, his sister and wife, sat beside him, while about them assembled the other ten Olympians, whose very presence made it clear 8 they were all brothers, sisters, sons, or daughters of the “father of gods and king of men.” For after his victory over the Titans, Zeus ruled supreme over heaven and earth. As sky-god he drew the clouds over the face of heaven, 9 (send) storm and rain upon the earth, or he spread them and looked down over all as a kind father. The weapon of his anger was the thunder; Victory stood at his right hand. Yet his rule was not   10 of random violence; he was the author and promoter of law and order, of a civilized and regulated interaction between men, of hospitality and just treatment of man by man. 【答案】 1．were shaped 2．though/although 3．to belong 4．where 5．served 6．filled 7．to 8．that 9．sending 10．one 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍希腊神话中的诸神具有人形与人的情感，以及奥林匹斯山上众神之城的生活与宙斯的统治。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：然而，他们在形体、需求和情感上都仿照人类的样子被塑造。此处为谓语动词，shape与主语they（指代the gods）之间为被动关系，且描述的是希腊神话的客观设定，应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语为复数，所以谓语动词为were shaped。故填were shaped。 2．考查连词。句意：他们有诞生、成长、婚配和苦难的经历，尽管死亡永远不会降临到他们身上。分析句子逻辑可知，前半句讲诸神拥有人类的生命历程，后半句讲他们不会死亡，存在转折让步关系，所以用连词though或although引导让步状语从句。故填though/ although。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，希腊大陆的人们意识到，让诸神与众不同的不是他们的永生，而是他们的存在似乎属于一个不受时间和衰败影响的世界。此处为固定搭配seem to do sth.，意为“似乎做某事”，所以用动词不定式to belong。故填to belong。 4．考查定语从句。句意：在最高峰上有一座大殿，奥林匹斯议会的成员们会在此聚集商议事务或设宴聚餐。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the great hall，表地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：仙馐是这些宴会上供应的食物，而青春女神赫柏为众神斟满的玉液琼浆，滋养着众神血管里流淌的灵液而非血液。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词was，空处无连词连接，所以用非谓语动词；serve与其逻辑主语the food之间是被动关系，且动作已经完成，所以用过去分词served作后置定语。故填served。 6．考查动词时态。句意：人间祭祀祭品的浓郁香气充盈着宴饮者的鼻腔。此处为谓语动词，描述的是希腊神话中众神宴饮的场景，为客观叙述，应用一般过去时，fill的过去式为filled。故填filled。 7．考查介词。句意：缪斯女神们伴着阿波罗的七弦琴声吟唱的歌谣，令众神的耳朵为之沉醉。此处为固定搭配to the accompaniment of，意为“在……的伴奏下”，所以用介词to。故填to。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：宙斯端坐于尊贵的金宝座之上，他的姐妹兼妻子赫拉陪坐一旁，周围簇拥着其他十位奥林匹斯主神，他们的存在足以表明，他们皆是这位“众神之父、万民之王”的兄弟姐妹或子女。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作形容词clear的宾语，从句结构完整、句意明确，所以用连接词that引导，只起连接作用。故填that。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为天空之神，他会在天际布下乌云，向人间降下暴风雨，或是驱散云雾，以慈父的目光俯瞰世间万物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词drew、send和spread，空处无连词连接，所以用非谓语动词；send与其逻辑主语he（指代Zeus）之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词sending作伴随状语。故填sending。 10．考查代词。句意：但他的统治并非肆意的暴力统治，他是法律与秩序的缔造者与推动者，是人类文明有序交往的维护者，是主客之道与人际公正的守护者。分析句子可知，空处指代前面的名词rule，以避免重复，one可用于指代前文提到的同类单数可数名词，所以用代词one。故填one。 Passage 14 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Right on track Government agencies are rarely known for the quality of their TikTok output. An exception is Amtrak, America’s national railway firm, 1 posts can get hundreds of thousands of views. One recent video features an employee pulling plastic covers off seats in a new train carriage, 2 the sound of Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy”. The train is the “next-gen” Acela, launched on August 28th. Despite being several years late, the new Acela comes at a particularly hopeful moment for Amtrak. In the nine months to July, 28. 6 million people travelled by train, a 6% year-on-year increase. That puts the firm comfortably on track this financial year to record the most journeys in its 54-year history. In Florida, Brightline, a private firm 3 (run) Miami-Orlando trains, has also seen 11% more passengers over the past year. Trains are back in fashion. Reasons for the return to the rails? Roger Harris, Amtrak’s president was quoted as saying “there is a greater interest in passenger rail, especially in the younger generation”. Hence the TikToks. He also cites growing congestion on the roads, more painful airport experiences and population growth in city centres. Amtrak 4 has made improvements, too. More trains are running, particularly on routes that sell out often. The firm has also embraced clever pricing, with discounts used to sell seats on emptier trains, while passengers on the busiest services 5 (squeeze) for more. By international standards, the boom is still insignificant, 6 not nothing. The Acelas carries 43% of Amtrak’s passengers, runs frequently and is by far 7 (comfortable) inter-city option. Can the boom continue? Very likely. The infrastructure law 8 (sign) by Joe Biden in 2021 has flooded the system with money. Since 2019 Amtrak’s capital spending has risen more than three-fold. Construction recently started on a new tunnel in Baltimore to replace a 150-year-old one. Service is also expanding elsewhere. Two new routes 9 (open) over the past two years, with strong ticket sales. Yet there are limits too. In theory the new Acela train can run at 160 mph, using tilting (倾斜) technology to go round curves without slowing, but for now, the trains neither tilt nor go any faster. 10 is needed is a track overhaul (彻底翻修) . 【答案】 1．whose 2．to 3．running 4．itself 5．are squeezed 6．but 7．the most comfortable 8．signed 9．have been opened 10．What 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国国家铁路公司Amtrak的复兴，包括其新列车Acela的推出、乘客量的增长、复兴原因及未来展望。 1．考查定语从句。句意：美国国家铁路公司Amtrak就是一个例外，它的帖子能获得数十万的浏览量。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Amtrak，且在从句中作定语，所以空处需用关系代词whose。故填whose。 2．考查介词。句意：最近的一个视频中，一名员工在新列车车厢里拉开塑料座套，伴随着贝多芬的《欢乐颂》的声音。空处需用介词to，表示“伴随着……的声音”。故填to。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在佛罗里达州，经营迈阿密-奥兰多列车的私营公司Brightline，在过去一年里的乘客量也增加了11%。本句已有谓语动词has seen，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词firm，动词run与其逻辑主语firm之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词running。故填running。 4．考查反身代词。句意：Amtrak本身也做出了改进。空处需用反身代词itself作Amtrak的同位语，表示强调。故填itself。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该公司还采用了巧妙的定价策略，在空车上打折出售座位，而在最繁忙的服务上，乘客则需支付更高票价。空处需用谓语动词，根据空前while可知，此处前后句对比，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数passengers，与谓语动词squeeze“榨取”之间是被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态：are done。故填are squeezed。 6．考查连词。句意：按照国际标准，这种繁荣仍然微不足道，但并非毫无意义。根据空前后句意可知，此处前后句之间表示转折关系，所以空处需用连词but。故填but。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：Acelas承载了Amtrak 43%的乘客，运行频繁，是目前最舒适的城市间交通选择。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词option，根据空前by far和句意可知，此处表示最高级意义，所以空处需用形容词最高级the most comfortable。故填the most comfortable。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：乔·拜登2021年签署的基础设施法案为该系统注入了大量资金。本句已有谓语动词has flooded，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词law，动词sign与其逻辑主语law之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词signed。故填signed。 9．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去两年里，两条新线路已经开通，门票销售强劲。空处需用谓语动词，根据时间状语over the past two years可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态，主语是复数routes，与谓语动词open之间是被动关系，所以空处需用现在完成时态的被动语态：have been done。故填have been opened。 10．考查主语从句。句意：需要的是轨道彻底翻修。空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示所需的事物，所以空处需用连接代词what引导主语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填What。 Passage 15 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Even moderate drinking might shrink your brain New research suggests that moderate drinking can negatively impact health. The study found a link between regular alcohol consumption — as little as one to two drinks a day — and decreased brain volume in middle-aged and older people. 1 they drink or not plays a role in the brain shrinkage. The study was led by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. They analyzed data from the UK Biobank, a long-running project that 2 (track) the health of more than 35,000 UK residents in the past few years. As part of the project, volunteers fill out questionnaires about their lifestyle habits, consent (同意) to having their genes studied, and high-quality brain scans. Using these scans, the team looked for any connection between 3 (report) alcohol use and brain structure. Our brains naturally shrink in size 4 we become older, which is one of the reasons our cognitive function declines in later age. There are things that 5 either accelerate or slow down this process, though, such as exercise. And even a moderate alcohol routine, the researchers concluded, seems to be in the former category. After controlling for other factors, such as age, body mass index, and head size, the scientists found a negative correlation between alcohol intake and overall brain volume, including in gray matter, the areas of the brain rich in neurons and other cells. Alcohol use was similarly linked to changes in our white matter, 6 the information is relayed (传递) between different regions of the brain. “We show that the negative associations between alcohol intake and brain macrostructure and microstructure are already apparent in individuals 7 (consume) an average of only one to two daily alcohol units, and become 8 (strong) as alcohol intake increases,” the authors wrote in their paper, published in Nature Communications earlier this month. The authors say their large sample size is an advantage 9 past studies and allows them to better understand and quantify the possible toll of regular alcohol use on the brain. Going from zero to one unit of alcohol (about half a pint) a day, the authors say, would be equivalent to half a year of brain aging in the average 50-year-old, for instance, but it jumps to two years for someone going from one to two units of alcohol (a full pint) per day. And for 10 drinking four or more drinks a day, their brains may age prematurely a full decade, relative to someone who doesn’t drink at all. 【答案】 1．whether 2．has been tracking/has tracked 3．reported 4．as 5．can/may 6．where 7．consuming 8．stronger 9．over 10．those 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即适度饮酒也可能会使大脑萎缩，并分析了饮酒与大脑结构之间的关系。 1．考查主语从句。句意：他们是否喝酒在大脑萎缩中起作用。“ 1 they drink or not”是主语从句，结合句意和句中“or not”可知，用连词whether引导该从句，表示“是否”。故填whether。 2．考查时态。句意：他们分析了英国生物库的数据，这是一个长期运行的项目，在过去几年里一直在跟踪35000多名英国居民的健康状况。track(跟踪)是定语从句中的谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词a long-running project)之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“in the past few years”可知，从句讲述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成进行时或现在完成时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has been tracking/has tracked。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：基于这些脑部扫描数据，研究团队重点探究了自我报告饮酒情况与大脑结构之间的潜在关联。提示词report(报告)作定语，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语alcohol use之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式reported作定语。故填reported。 4．考查状语从句。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑自然会萎缩，这是我们认知功能在晚年下降的原因之一。“ 4 we become older”是时间状语从句，表示两个动作伴随发生，应用从属连词as引导该从句，意为“随着”。故填as。 5．考查情态动词。句意：不过，有些事情可以加速或减缓这个过程，比如锻炼。结合语意可知，此处表示一种可能性，应用情态动词can或may，意为“可以，能够”。故填can/may。 6．考查定语从句。句意：酒精的使用同样与我们白质的变化有关，在白质中，信息在大脑的不同区域之间传递。“ 6 the information is relayed (传递) between different regions of the brain”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词white matter，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们表明，酒精摄入量与大脑宏观结构和微观结构之间的负相关在平均每天只摄入一到两个酒精单位的个体中已经很明显，并且随着酒精摄入量的增加而变得更强。“(consume) an average of only one to two daily alcohol units”作后置定语，consume(消耗)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语individuals之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式consuming作后置定语。故填consuming。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：我们表明，酒精摄入量与大脑宏观结构和微观结构之间的负相关在平均每天只摄入一到两个酒精单位的个体中已经很明显，并且随着酒精摄入量的增加而变得更强。形容词strong作表语，结合下文“as alcohol intake increases”可推知，酒精摄入量增加，负相关会变得更强，应用比较级stronger形式，意为“更强的”。故填stronger。 9．考查介词。句意：研究者指出，相较于既往研究，其大样本量构成显著优势，使团队能更精准地解析与量化常规饮酒对大脑的潜在损害。an advantage over是固定搭配，意为“比……更有优势”。故填over。 10．考查代词。句意：对于那些每天喝四杯或更多酒的人来说，他们的大脑可能会比完全不喝酒的人提前衰老整整十年。根据句意和下文中“their brains”可知，此处指“那些每天喝四杯或更多酒的人”，用指示代词those作宾语。故填those。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $