Unit 5 Power of Ideas 单元讲义2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过“词汇-短语-语法-句型-课文”五级递进框架系统梳理知识，以表格归纳单词词性变化（如invent-invention-inventor），用例句解析被动语态结构及用法，形成清晰知识脉络，突出核心概念内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“三级练习体系”设计，基础题如被动语态单选强化语言能力，阅读还原题培养思维品质，书面表达题结合造纸术主题渗透文化意识。书面表达要求用被动语态介绍蔡伦造纸术，既巩固语法又提升跨文化表达能力，基础薄弱学生可夯实知识，优秀学生能深度思考，助力教师精准分层教学与学生自主复习。

Unit 5 Power of Ideas 单元讲义 第一部分 知识归纳 一、重点单词 1. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/n. 发明；创造 2. invent /ɪnˈvent/v. 发明；创造 3. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/n. 发明者；发明家 4. design /dɪˈzaɪn/v.&n. 设计；构思 5. produce /prəˈdjuːs/v. 生产；制造；产出 6. create /kriˈeɪt/v. 创造；创作 7. spread /spred/v. 传播；扩散；展开 8. distance /ˈdɪstəns/n. 距离；间距 9. effect /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；效果；作用 10. connect /kəˈnekt/v. 连接；联系 11. press /pres/v. 按压；按 n. 按钮；报刊 12. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/n. 塑料 adj. 塑料的 13. material /məˈtɪəriəl/n. 材料；原料 14. fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/n. 纤维；纤维质 15. bark /bɑːk/n. 树皮 16. ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/n. 原料；配料 17. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/n. 液体 adj. 液态的 18. screen /skriːn/n. 筛网；屏幕 v. 筛选 19. civilisation /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 文明；文化 20. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 快速的；迅速的 21. bronze /brɒnz/n. 青铜 22. glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/n. 滑翔机 23. engine /ˈendʒɪn/n. 发动机；引擎 24. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/n.&v. 挑战；难题 25. control /kənˈtrəʊl/v.&n. 控制；操控 26. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/n. 交通；运输 27. tunnel /ˈtʌnl/n. 隧道；地道 28. frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/adj. 冰冻的；冻结的 29. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/n. 旅游业 30. economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/adj. 经济的 31. collect /kəˈlekt/v. 收集；搜集 32. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/n. 产品；制品 33. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 快速的 34. weak /wiːk/adj. 弱的；微弱的 35. remove /rɪˈmuːv/v. 移除；撕掉；去掉 36. public /ˈpʌblɪk/adj. 公共的；公开的 37. secret /ˈsiːkrət/adj. 秘密的 n. 秘密 38. glue /ɡluː/n. 胶水 v. 粘贴 二、重点短语 1. turn ideas into reality 把想法变为现实 2. spread information 传播信息 3. have a big effect on 对…… 有重大影响 4. send a message 发送信息 / 信号 5. build up 逐层搭建；积累 6. be made of 由…… 制成（看得见原材料） 7. be made from 由…… 制成（看不见原材料） 8. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 9. stand up 站起来；起立 10. result in 导致；造成…… 结果 11. a piece of 一张 / 一片 / 一块 12. carry out a test 开展测试；进行试验 13. be responsible for 导致；是…… 的原因 14. speed up 加速；加快 15. solve different problems 解决各类难题 16. animal-friendly 对动物友好的 17. pass under the tracks 从轨道下方穿行 18. carry out flight test 开展飞行试验 19. heavier than air flight 重于空气飞行器飞行 20. mark the pages 标记书页 三、语法精讲：一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态 1. 被动语态基本结构 一般现在时被动：am /is/are + 动词过去分词 一般过去时被动：was /were + 动词过去分词 2. 用法 不知道动作执行者、无需强调执行者； 突出动作承受者； 科技、说明文、历史发明高频使用。 3. by 引出动作发出者 The radio was invented by Marconi. 收音机由马可尼发明。 4. 情态动词被动：can /may/must + be + done Toys can be made by 3D printers. 玩具可以由 3D 打印机制作。 5. 特殊注意 不及物动词无被动（happen, appear, rise 等）；感官动词、使役动词主动表被动特例。 例句 A mini-camera is connected to the glasses.（一般现在被动） 微型相机被连接在眼镜上。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic in 1901.（一般过去被动） 1901 年，无线电信号首次跨大西洋传送。 Houses can be made by 3D printers.（情态动词被动） 3D 打印机可以建造房屋。 四、重点句型 1. What changes can inventions bring to our lives? 发明能给我们的生活带来哪些改变？ 2. It has to be the radio. 一定是收音机。 3. Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. 收音机发明前，信息传递十分缓慢。 4. The world was made much smaller by the radio. 收音机让世界变小了很多。 5. It was responsible for the rapid spread of information. 它促成了信息的快速传播。 6. All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. 所有原料混合后放入水中熬煮。 7. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light and cheap. 所有人惊讶的是，这种纸轻便又便宜。 8. As a result, communication between countries became much easier. 结果，各国之间的交流变得便捷许多。 9. There is no one-size-fits-all way to turn ideas into reality. 没有万能的方法能把想法变成现实。 10. Creative ideas were needed to solve the difficult building problems. 人们需要创新思路来解决施工难题。 五、核心课文句子 1. All of these things depend on one great invention — papermaking. 这些事物都离不开一项伟大发明 —— 造纸术。 2. Early writing materials were either hard to store or too expensive. 早期书写材料要么难以存放，要么价格昂贵。 3. Cai Lun found that bark, plants and old clothes could be used to make paper. 蔡伦发现树皮、植物和旧布料可以用来造纸。 4. Papermaking spread to neighbouring countries and later Europe. 造纸术先传到邻国，后来经由阿拉伯国家传入欧洲。 5. When paper and printing worked together, the number of books increased rapidly. 纸张与印刷术结合后，书籍数量大幅增长。 6. The Wright brothers studied birds to solve flight control problems. 莱特兄弟研究鸟类，解决飞行操控难题。 7. Planes make long journeys that once took months only take several hours. 飞机让过去耗时数月的长途旅行只需几小时。 8. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was built with special ways to protect frozen ground. 青藏铁路采用特殊工艺修建，保护冻土。 第二部分 配套习题 一、单项选择题 1. The radio ______ by Marconi in the 1890s. A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented 2. Many kinds of toys ______ by 3D printers now. A. can make B. can be made C. are make D. were made 3. This special glue ______ to mark pages in books. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was using 4. All the ingredients ______ and boiled before making paper. A. mix B. mixed C. were mixed D. are mixing 5. The world ______ much smaller after the radio appeared. A. made B. was made C. is made D. makes 6. The railway ______ Xining to Lhasa in 2006. A. connects B. connected C. was connected D. is connected 7. New ideas ______ to solve the frozen ground problems. A. needed B. were needed C. are need D. was needed 8. ______ his surprise, the weak glue brought a new invention. A. To B. For C. With D. At 9. The accident ______ the invention of sticky notes. A. results in B. resulted in C. stand up D. carried out 10. Paper ______ bamboo screen to take out fibre in the process. A. pours over B. is poured over C. pour over D. poured over 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 发明给我们的生活带来了巨大变化。 Inventions ______ great changes ______ our lives. 2. 1901 年，无线电信号首次跨大西洋传送。 A radio message ______ ______ across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. 3. 微型相机被连接在智能眼镜前端。 A mini-camera ______ ______ to the front of the smart glasses. 4. 3D 打印机可以制造玩具、椅子甚至房屋。 Toys, chairs and even houses ______ ______ ______ by 3D printers. 5. 青藏铁路于 2006 年完工，连接西宁和拉萨。 The Qinghai-Xizang Railway ______ ______ in 2006 and ______ Xining ______ Lhasa. 6. 人们需要创新方法解决冻土难题。 Creative ideas ______ ______ to solve problems of frozen ground. 7. 令所有人惊讶的是，蔡伦造出的纸轻便又廉价。 ______ everyone’s ______, Cai Lun’s paper was light and cheap. 8. 那次意外最终促成便利贴的发明。 The accident ______ ______ the invention of sticky notes. 9. 旧布料、树皮和植物纤维可以用来造纸。 Old clothes, bark and plant fibre ______ ______ ______ make paper. 10. 收音机对全球音乐传播产生了重大影响。 The radio ______ a big ______ on music spread all over the world. 三、按要求改写句子（被动语态专项） 1. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为被动） The telephone ______ ______ by Alexander Bell in 1876. 2. People connect each other through the Internet.（改为被动） People all over the world ______ ______ to each other through the Internet. 3. Workers introduced the word “robot” in a play in 1920.（被动） The word “robot” ______ ______ for the first time in a play in 1920. 4. You should press the button to start the machine.（被动） The button ______ ______ to start the machine. 5. People found the oldest wheel in Eastern Europe.（被动） The world’s oldest wheel ______ ______ in Eastern Europe. 6. 3D printers can produce many daily things.（情态动词被动） Many daily things ______ ______ ______ by 3D printers. 7. Cai Lun mixed all ingredients and boiled them.（被动） All the ingredients ______ ______ and boiled in water. 8. The radio made the world much smaller.（被动） The world ______ ______ much smaller by the radio. 四、单词适当形式填空 1. The great ______ (invent) of paper changed the whole world. Cai Lun was a great ______ (invent). 2. These plastic toys ______ (produce) by a 3D printer yesterday. 3. New ideas ______ (need) when building the high railway. 4. The fibre ______ (dry) and pressed to make paper at last. 5. This weak glue ______ (create) by Spencer Silver in 1968. 6. The ______ (rapid) spread of paper helped develop culture. 7. Many animal-friendly bridges ______ (build) along the railway. 8. Tourism ______ (increase) a lot after the railway was finished. 9. The machine ______ (design) to cook all kinds of dishes. 10. News ______ (spread) faster because of radio and TV. 五、选词填空（to one’s surprise, a piece of, stand up, result in, carry out） 1. ______, the weak glue became the key to sticky notes. 2. He used ______ paper to mark lines in his song book. 3. Every time he ______ to sing, the small paper fell off. 4. This clever idea ______ the mass production of sticky notes. 5. Scientists ______ lots of tests to improve new inventions. 六、补全对话（7 选 5） A: What’s the most useful invention in your opinion? B: I think it’s the radio. A: Why do you think so? B: 1.______ Before it was invented, news spread very slowly. A: Who invented it? B: An Italian named Marconi. 2.______ A: Could messages cross the ocean at that time? B: Yes. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic. A: 3.______ B: It also led to the invention of TV and helped people enjoy music easily. A: I also love 3D printers. 4.______ B: That’s amazing! They can make toys, shoes and even houses. A: 5.______ I want to invent useful things in the future. A. It made the world much smaller. B. He developed radio technology in the 1890s. C. What other influences did the radio bring? D. Many daily objects can be made by them. E. Great inventions change people’s lives greatly. F. I don’t know anything about radio. G. Planes were invented by the Wright brothers. 七、阅读还原 The History of Papermaking 1.______ It changed how information spread around the whole world. Before paper appeared, people wrote on many hard or expensive materials. 2.______ They were not convenient for daily use. Cai Lun found a new way to make cheap paper with bark, plants and old cloth. 3.______ The paper was soft, light and easy to produce. There are clear steps to make paper. Mix and boil all materials, beat and cut them, pour liquid on bamboo screen to get fibre, then dry and press. 4.______ Later papermaking spread to other countries. Together with printing, it made more books and developed human civilisation. 5.______ A. Early writing materials were costly or hard to store. B. Papermaking is one of China’s greatest ancient inventions. C. After many experiments, his method worked well. D. Finally you get finished paper. E. This small invention changed global culture. 八、语法填空 Inventions change our daily life. One of the greatest ancient Chinese 1.______ (invent) is papermaking. Before Cai Lun, people used bones, bamboo or silk 2.______ (write) on. Those materials 3.______ (be) either expensive or hard to keep. Cai Lun tried many ways. He found bark, old clothes and plant fibre could 4.______ (use) to make paper. All materials 5.______ (mix) and boiled, then beaten and cut. The liquid 6.______ (pour) over bamboo screen to get fibre. After drying and pressing, paper was finished. 7.______ (he) paper was cheap and easy to make. In 105 CE, he showed it to the emperor. Papermaking technology 8.______ (spread) to other countries little by little. When paper met printing, the number of books increased 9.______ (rapid). This great invention 10.______ (help) human civilisation develop quickly all over the world. 九、阅读理解 The Wright Brothers and the Plane The plane is one of the most important inventions in history. It was created by Orville and Wilbur Wright. The two brothers loved flying. They wanted to fly freely like birds. At first they studied gliders and found two big difficulties: how to take off and how to control the plane in the air. They learned flight skills by watching birds’ movements. After solving control problems, they fixed an engine on the glider. In December 1903, they finished the first real plane flight in human history. Planes bring huge changes to the world. Long trips that took months now only take several hours. People from different countries communicate more easily, and the whole world becomes closer. As a result, tourism and international trade develop fast because of planes. 1. Who invented the first plane? A. Marconi B. Cai Lun C. Wright brothers D. Spencer Silver 2. What was the Wright brothers’ original wish? A. To invent a radio B. To fly like birds C. To make cheap paper D. To create sticky notes 3. What two challenges did they meet? A. Making glue and marking books B. Boiling materials and drying fibre C. Taking off and controlling the plane D. Building tunnels and protecting frozen ground 4. When did they finish the first plane flight? A. In 1901 B. In 1903 C. In 1890s D. In 105 CE 5. What is the main influence of planes? A. It makes long-distance travel faster and connects the world B. It helps people make all kinds of food C. It spreads news around the world in seconds D. It solves the problem of writing materials 十、书面表达 请你介绍中国古代伟大发明 —— 造纸术（papermaking） 要点： 发明者：东汉蔡伦；发明前书写材料昂贵、不便； 原料：树皮、植物、旧布料；简单制作流程； 优势：轻便、便宜、易生产； 影响：加速文化发展，传播至全球，推动世界文明。 要求：80–100 词，正确使用被动语态，语句通顺。 参考答案 一、单项选择 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B 二、根据汉语完成句子 bring; to was sent is connected can be made was completed; connects; to were needed To; surprise resulted in can be used to has; effect 三、按要求改写句子 was invented are connected was introduced should be pressed was found can be produced were mixed was made 四、单词适当形式填空 invention; inventor were produced were needed was dried was created rapid were built has increased was designed spreads 五、选词填空 To one’s surprise a piece of stood up resulted in carry out 六、补全对话 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.E 七、阅读还原 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.E 八、语法填空 inventions to write were be used were mixed was poured His spread rapidly helped 九、阅读理解 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 十、书面表达范文 Papermaking Papermaking is one of the greatest ancient Chinese inventions. It was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before paper, people wrote on bamboo, silk or animal bones. Those materials were expensive and hard to carry. Cai Lun used tree bark, plants and old clothes to make new paper. All materials were mixed, boiled and dried to form soft, cheap paper. This great invention speeded up the development of Chinese culture. Later it spread to other countries. Together with printing, it helped knowledge spread widely and pushed the progress of world civilisation. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $