专题13 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课文讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材人教版）

专题13 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Section A 一．单词学习 1.invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明；创造 2.all over the world 全世界 3.suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为；推断 4.be supposed to do/be sth 应当做(某事)或是(某物) 5.wheel /wiːl/ n. 车轮；轮子 6.frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 冻硬的；冰封的 7.complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成；结束 adj. 完全的；彻底的 8.layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层；表层 9.melt /melt/ v. (使)融化；逐渐消失 10.pipe /paɪp/ n. 管道；管子；烟斗 11.tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ n. 隧道；地下通道 12.tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业 13.gain /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得；取得 二．课文学习 Section A 3a Fu Xing: What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? Peter: It has to be the radio. Fu Xing: The radio? Why? Peter: Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. The world was made much smaller by the radio. Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds. Fu Xing: Right. Who was the inventor? Peter: An Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi. He developed the idea in the 1890s. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Fu Xing: Wow! That was quite a distance at that time. Peter: Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. Fu Xing: Like the television? Peter: That’s right. It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world. 付星：彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 彼得：那肯定是收音机。 付星：收音机？为什么？ 彼得：在收音机发明之前，信息传播很慢。收音机让世界变得小多了。突然之间，新闻可以几秒钟内在全世界传播。 付星：对。发明者是谁？ 彼得：一位名叫古列尔莫·马可尼的意大利发明家。他在19世纪90年代发展了这个想法。1901年，第一次通过无线电信号横跨大西洋发送了信息。 付星：哇！那时那可真是一段遥远的距离。 彼得：是的。而且因为收音机，其他一些重要发明也被开发出来。 付星：比如电视？ 彼得：没错。收音机对音乐也有很大影响，使人们更容易欣赏世界各地艺术家的音乐。 三．课内知识解析 1. all over the world adv. 全世界 用法：固定短语，在句中作状语，表范围 同义：around the world 全世界 搭配：people all over the world 全世界人民 例句：Chinese is popular all over the world.（汉语在全世界都很受欢迎。） 2. be supposed to do /be sth 应当做 (某事) 或是 (某物) 用法：固定短语，表责任、义务，相当于 should 搭配：be supposed to study 应该学习 例句：We are supposed to keep quiet in class.（我们在课堂上应该保持安静。） 3. complete /kəmˈpliːt/v. 完成；结束 adj. 完全的；彻底的 词形变换：completely adv. 完全地 用法：动词表完成，形容词表完全的 搭配：complete the work 完成工作；complete silence 寂静 例句：Please complete your homework on time.（请按时完成作业。） 4. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/n. 旅游业 用法：不可数名词，指旅游相关行业 词形变换：tour n. 旅游；tourist n. 游客 搭配：develop tourism 发展旅游业；tourism industry 旅游业 例句：Tourism makes the city rich.（旅游业让这座城市变得富裕。） 5. gain /ɡeɪn/v. 获得；取得 词形变换：gain n. 收获 用法：及物动词，指主动获取知识、经验、利益等 搭配：gain knowledge 获得知识；gain experience 取得经验 例句：We can gain experience from work.（我们能从工作中获得经验。） 6.What do you think is the most useful invention of all time,Peter?彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 【详解】do you think作插入语 do you think意为“你认为......”，常用在特殊疑问句中作插入语，句子结构为：“疑问词+do you think+陈述语序？”。 What do you think is the most important invention in Chinese history?你认为中国历史上最重要的发明是什么？ Where do you think the boy is from? 你认为这个男孩来自哪里？ 7.It has to be the radio.那一定是无线电. 【详解】have to be一定是…... 用于对现在情况的肯定推测，语气强烈，相当于must be,但更口语化。have to be的第三人称单数形式为has to be。 The light is on.My parents have to be at home now. 灯亮着，我父母现在一定在家。 This has to be the right way because I see the sign. 这一定是正确的路，因为我看到了标志。 8.Before the radio was invented,information travelled very slowly.在无线电发明之前，信息传播非常慢。 【详解】invent〔动词)发明；编造 Who invented the telephone? It was Alexander Bell. 谁发明了电话？是亚历山大・贝尔。 What excuse did he invent this time? 他这次编了什么借口？ 【拓展】①invention [名词)发明；创造 The four great inventions in ancient China have changed the world forever.中国古代的四大发明永远地改变了世界。 ②inventor〔名词)发明家 Luban was a great inventor in ancient China.He invented a lot of useful things.鲁班是中国古代伟大的发明家，他发明了许多有用的东西。 9.It also had a big effect on music.它对音乐也产生了巨大影响。 【详解】have an effect on对…...有影响与have an influence on同义。 Watching too much TV has a bad effect on your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼晴有不好的影响。 The weather has an effect/influence on people's feelings.天气会影响人们的情绪。 四．随堂训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的适当形式填空，严格匹配时态、主谓一致、单复数变化。 1. Many modern ________ (发明) change people’s life greatly. 2. Artists usually ________ (创作) works with their unique ideas. 3. Reading helps us form independent ________ (想法) and opinions. 4. With the ________ (发展) of technology, our life becomes easier. 5. This tool is very ________ (有用的) for students’ daily study. 6. There are many ________ (差异) between traditional and modern ideas. 7. The farmer ________ (生产) fresh vegetables every season. 8. She has great creative ________ (能力) in designing. 9. The teacher gave a brief ________ (介绍) of the new lesson. 10. We should solve problems ________ (简单地) and effectively. 二、方框选词填空 从方框中选择合适单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 create, invent, use, thought, develop, able, simple, different, produce, introduce The power of ideas is amazing. All modern things around us come from people’s brave (1) ________. Great (2) ________ and creators always try to change the world. At first, many new ideas sound (3) ________ and ordinary, but they can finally turn into (4) ________ tools. Different people have (5) ________ ways of thinking. If you have the (6) ________ to observe life carefully, you can (7) ________ new ideas easily. Factories (8) ________ new products every day, and new technologies keep (9) ________. Teachers always (10) ________ creative methods to help students learn better. 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，综合考查词形转换、非谓语、冠词、连词、时态等考点。 Ideas are the source of all creations. Every great invention starts with (1) ________ simple idea. Creative thinking is (2) ________ (power) and valuable for everyone. Many young people have the ability (3) ________ (create) new things, but some of them are afraid of trying. They think new ideas are (4) ________ (use) and hard to realize. In fact, the (5) ________ (develop) of society needs endless new thoughts. We should learn (6) ________ (think) differently and observe life carefully. When we find problems in life, we can try (7) ________ (come) up with solutions. Many daily goods we use now (8) ________ (produce) from small ideas. Keep thinking and creating, (9) ________ you will improve your creative ability day by day. Never ignore small ideas, (10) ________ they may change your life one day. Section B 一．单词学习 1.reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 2.papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ n. 造纸工艺；造纸业 3.responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 4.responsible for sth 引起某事 5.rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 6.shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状 7.bronze /brɒnz/ n. & adj. 青铜(的)；青铜色(的) 8.ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品；陶器 9.stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 10. jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维 11.fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ (= fiber) n. 纤维；纤维素 12.expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 13. officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 14.workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊；讲习班 15.none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 16.ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 最合适的；理想的 n. 理想；完美的人(或事物) 17.certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的 pron. 某些 18.suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜的 19.liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体 adj. 液体的 20.cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的 adv. 低廉地 21.creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品 22.later on 后来；其后 23.speed up (使)加速 24.Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ adj. 阿拉伯语的 n. 阿拉伯语 25.result in 造成；导致 26.lead to 导致；造成 27.birth /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生 二．课文学习 Section B 1b An Invention That Changed the World Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze wares, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. In the first step of Cai Lun’s experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of information spread but also greatly influenced the world civilization. 你能想象没有书、报纸或杂志的世界吗？所有这些都依赖一项发明——造纸术。它比任何其他发明都更负责于塑造现代世界的信息快速传播。 在古代中国，人们使用许多不同的材料来写字，如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木头、竹子甚至丝绸。在西汉时期，还有一种非常早期的纸，由黄麻（一种植物纤维）制成。然而，这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。 作为东汉皇帝的宫廷作坊主管，蔡伦对解决这个问题产生了兴趣。人们尝试了不同的方法制作书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。在他那个时代，某些树皮被用来做衣服。从过去的经验中，蔡伦得到想法：树皮、某些植物和旧衣服可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。 在蔡伦实验的第一步，所有原料在水中混合煮沸。然后，这种材料被捣碎、切碎，再与水混合。接着，液体被倒在竹筛上，只留下纤维。最后，纤维被干燥并压制成纸。令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，而且最重要的是便宜。公元105年，蔡伦把他的发明呈献给皇帝。皇帝非常高兴，并赞扬蔡伦的伟大工作。 后来，造纸术不仅加速了信息传播的发展，也极大地影响了世界文明。 三．课内知识解析 1. reality /riˈæləti/n. 现实；事实 词形变换：real adj. 真实的；realize v. 意识到 用法：不可数名词，指真实的情况 搭配：in reality 事实上；face reality 面对现实 例句：We should face reality bravely.（我们应该勇敢地面对现实。） 2. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 词形变换：responsibility n. 责任 用法：形容词，常与 for 搭配，表对… 负责、是… 的原因 搭配：be responsible for 对… 负责；引起 例句：He is responsible for this project.（他负责这个项目。） 3. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 词形变换：rapidly adv. 迅速地 用法：形容词，形容发展、变化速度快 搭配：rapid development 快速发展；rapid growth 快速增长 例句：China has made rapid progress.（中国取得了飞速的进步。） 4. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 词形变换：expensively adv. 昂贵地；inexpensive adj. 便宜的 用法：形容词，修饰商品、服务，表价格高 搭配：an expensive car 昂贵的汽车；too expensive 太贵 例句：This watch is too expensive for me.（这块手表对我来说太贵了。） 5. none /nʌn/pron. 没有一个；毫无 用法：代词，指代三者或以上的人 / 事物 同义：no one 没有人 搭配：none of 没有一个；none at all 毫无 例句：None of us likes the movie.（我们中没有一个人喜欢这部电影。） 6. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/adj. 合适的；适宜的 用法：形容词，常与 for 搭配，表适合某人 / 某事 词形变换：suit v. 适合；suitably adv. 合适地 搭配：be suitable for 适合……；suitable time 合适的时间 例句：This book is suitable for children.（这本书适合儿童阅读。） 7. creation /kriˈeɪʃn/n. 创造；作品 用法：可数 / 不可数名词，指创造的行为或艺术作品 词形变换：create v. 创造；creative adj. 有创造力的 搭配：the creation of new things 新事物的创造；art creation 艺术作品 例句：This painting is a great creation.（这幅画是一件伟大的作品。） 8. result in 造成；导致 用法：动词短语，后接结果，主语为原因 搭配：result in trouble 导致麻烦；result in failure 导致失败 例句：Carelessness will result in mistakes.（粗心会导致错误。） 同义：lead to 导致 9. lead to 导致；造成 用法：动词短语，后接结果，主语为原因 搭配：lead to success 导致成功；lead to problems 导致问题 例句：Hard work leads to success.（努力工作会带来成功。） 同义：result in 造成 词形变换：lead→led 过去式 / 过去分词 10.How do we turn ideas into reality?我们如何将想法变为现实？ 【详解】(1)turn（...）into... (把…...)变成…... Water can turn into ice when the temperature is below 0℃. 水在零摄氏度以下的气温时可以变成冰。 Hard work can turn dreams into reality. 努力可以把梦想变成现实。 (2)reality〔名词)现实；事实 Hope is a good thing,but we must also face reality. 希望是好事，但我们也必须面对现实。 His dream of becoming a teacher became a reality. 他当老师的梦想变成了现实。 11.All of these things depend on one invention一paper making. 所有这些东西都依赖于一项发明一造纸术。 【详解】depend on依靠；取决于；on是介词，后面跟名词或代词。 You can always depend on me when you need help. 你需要帮助时永远可以依靠我。 Whether we go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。 12.It,more than any other invention.was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.与其他任何一项发明相比，正是造纸术促进了信息的快速传播，从而塑造了我们的现代世界。 【详解】(1)比较级+than any other+名词单数 比其他任何一个…...都更…...；用作插人语，表示最高级含义。 This book is more interesting than any other book I've read. 这本书比我读过的其他任何一本书都有趣。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。 =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 【拓展】more than ①不只是…...； 用来强调某一方面比另一方面更重要。 He is more than a teacher;he is a friend to his students. 他不只是个老师，更是学生的朋友。 ②超过…... There are more than five hundred students in the school. 学校里有五百多名学生。 (2)responsible〔形容词)作为原因的；有责任的 (be)responsible for sth引起某事；对…负责 The heavy rain was responsible for the flood. 大雨引发洪水。 As students,we are responsible for our studies. 作为学生，我们要对自己的学习负责。 (3)rapid〔形容词〕迅速的；瞬间的 He made rapid progress in English after months of hard work. 经过几个月的努力，他的英语进步很快。 China's cities are growing at a rapid speed. 中国的城市正以很快的速度扩张。 【拓展】rapidly〔副词)快速地 The population of the world is growing rapidly. 世界人口正快速增长。 (4)shape ①〔动词〕塑造 Exercise can help shape your body and keep you healthy. 锻炼可以帮助塑造体型，保持健康。 ②〔名词〕形状 in the shape of... 以…...的形状 The cake is in the shape of a star. 这个蛋糕是星星形状的。 13.In the Western Han Dynasty,there was also a very early form of paper made from jute-a fibre that comes from plants.在西汉时期，还有一种由黄麻（一种植物纤维）制成的早期的纸。 【详解】(be)made from 由…...制成从制成品上看不出原材料，或在制作过程中发生了化学变化。 Paper is made from wood.纸是用木材做的。 【拓展】 ①(be)made of 由…...制成从制成品上看得出原材料，或在制作过程中发生了物理变化。 This desk is made of wood. 这张课桌是木头做的。 ②(be)made in 在…...制造；in后接产地。 This phone is made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。 ③(be)made into 被制成…... ； into后接制成品。 Milk can be made into cheese. 牛奶可以被制成奶酪 ④(be)made by 由…...制造 ； by后接动作执行者。 The model plane was made by Tom. 这架模型飞机是汤姆做的。 14.Different methods for creating something to write on were tried,but none were ideal.(当时)尝试了不同的方法来制造书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。 (1)none〔代词)没有一个；毫无；既可指人也可指物，表示“（三个或三个以上)没有一个”。 none of.…… (三者或三者以上)都不 None of the students knew the answer to the difficult question. 没有一个学生知道这道难题的答案。 【拓展】no one〔代词)没有人；没有任何人只指人，相当于nobody, 后面不接of,作主语时谓语动词用单数。 No one was there when I arrived at the station. 我到达车站时没人在那里。 【注意】none强调数量，可回答how many开头的特殊疑问句；no one强调人，可回答who开头的特殊疑问句。 (2)ideal ①〔形容词)最合适的；理想的 He is the ideal person for the job because he has all the skills.他是这份工作的理想人选，因为他具备所有技能。 ②〔名词)理想；完美的人（或事物） My ideal is to become a doctor. 我的理想是成为一名医生。 It's my ideal of what a family home should be.这是我心目中完美的家庭住宅。 15.From past experiences,Cai Lun got the idea that bark,certain plants,and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.从过去的经验中，蔡伦想到，树皮、某些植物和旧衣物或许可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。 【详解】 (1)certain ①〔形容词)某些；确定的 Certain students were late for class. 某些学生上课迟到了。 Are you certain about the answer? 你对这个答案确定吗？ ②（代词〕（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些 Certain of the players were injured. 有些运动员受伤了。 (2)suitable〔形容词〕合适的；适宜的be suitable for适合… We need to find a suitable place for the party我们需要找一个适合聚会的地方。 This book is suitable for the children aged 8-12这本书适合8-12岁的孩子阅读。 16.To everyone's surprise,this paper was soft light,easy to make and use,and most importantly, cheap.出乎所有人意料的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，而且最重要的是，价格便宜。 (1) to sb's surprise出乎某人的意料，令某人惊讶的是；sb's表示形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。 To our surprise,the little boy could speak three languages. 令我们惊讶的是，这个小男孩能说三种语言。 To everyone's surprise,she arrived early for the meeting. 令所有人惊讶的是，她很早就到了会议现场。 (2)cheap ①（形容词）便宜的 其反义词为expensive(昂贵的)。 The food at this restaurant is cheap.这家餐厅的食物便宜 Cheap things are not good,and good things are not cheap.便宜没好货，好货不便宜。 ②（副词）低廉地；便官地 You can live very cheap in rural areas. 在农村地区生活可以很便宜。 【注意】物品有贵贱，价格论高低。 说明物品时，应用expensive表示“贵”，用cheap表示“便宜”；说明价格(price)时，应用high表示“价格高”，用low表示“价格低”。 17.Later on,the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture,but also changed civilizations around the world.后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，还改变了世界各地的文明进程。 【详解】(1)later on后来；其后 He didn't know the answer at first,but later on he understood. 他一开始不知道答案，但后来他明白了。 I'm busy now.Let's discuss this topic later on. 我现在很忙，我们以后再讨论这个话题。 (2)speed up (使)加速；为“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作其宾语时，只能放在speed与up之间。speed的过 去式为sped, You should speed up a bit if you want to catch the bus. 如果你想赶上公共汽车，你应该再快一点儿。 The manager asked us to speed up the work,but we couldn't speed it up. 经理要求我们加快工作，但我们没法加快它。 18.This resulted in a new birth of knowledge,creating the world we have today.这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们今天拥有的世界。 【详解】(1)result in造成；导致 lead to表示“导致；造成”时与其同义，后接事物或状态，不能接人。主语是原因，宾语是结果。 Hard work results in success. 努力带来成功。 The accident resulted in the death of two cats. 这次事故导致两只猫死亡。 【拓展】result from 由…...引起主语是结果，宾语是原因。 His illness resulted from eating bad food. 他的病是由吃了变质的食物引起的。 (2)birth〔名词)起源；诞生 The birth of a baby is a happy event for the family. 婴儿的出生对家庭来说是件快乐的事。 The Communist Party of China has played a decisive role in the birth of New China.中国共产党对新中国的诞生起到了决定性的作用。 四．随堂训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的适当形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数、词性变化。 1. ________ (突然), a new idea came into my mind. 2. Creative thinking is ________ (有益的) to all students. 3. The story ________ (激励) many young people to pursue their dreams last year. 4. Everyone can get ________ (灵感) from ordinary life. 5. She has ________ (实现) her goal of becoming a creative designer. 6. This method can bring great ________ (提升) to your learning ability. 7. It is well ________ (值得) spending time on creative practice. 8. Many ________ (发展中的) countries value creative education now. 9. We should try our best to develop our ________ (创造力). 10. It is ________ (几乎) impossible to succeed without thinking. 二、方框选词填空 从方框中选择合适单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 sudden, inspire, benefit, worth, achieve, improve, nearly, develop, create, possible Creative ideas change the world. Many great inventions come from ordinary life (1) ________. It is (2) ________ for every student to develop creative thinking. Positive stories can (3) ________ us to keep trying. Practicing thinking is greatly (4) ________ to our study. It is well (5) ________ our time to train our brain every day. Many people have (6) ________ their dreams by creative methods. We can (7) ________ our skills and (8) ________ new things constantly. (9) ________ all successful people have flexible thinking during their (10) ________. 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，综合考查词形转换、非谓语、冠词、连词、时态、主谓一致等核心考点。 Creative thinking is (1) ________ powerful skill for teenagers. It is (2) ________ (near) impossible for us to make progress without independent thinking. Many things in life are well worth (3) ________ (explore). A sudden thought may bring great (4) ________ (inspire). Positive ideas are (5) ________ (benefit) to our growth and can help us (6) ________ (achieve) goals easily. If we keep practicing creative thinking, we (7) ________ (improve) our abilities day by day. Many (8) ________ (develop) countries attach great importance to creative education, (9) ________ it plays a key role in social progress. Never give up thinking, (10) ________ you will get more creative achievements. 综合训练 一．完形填空 A 60-year-old farmer from Maanshan, East China’s Anhui province, has successfully built a submarine (潜艇) on his own, China Central Television (CCTV) 1 . The five-ton homemade vessel (大船), named “Big Black Fish”, is able to dive (潜水) to a depth of eight meters. The farmer, named Zhang Shengwu, has loved making things 2 he was young. More than 20 years ago, he built a sand dock (码头) and often watched cargo (货物) ships come and go. In 2014, after seeing a TV program about submarines, he thought, “I have 3 big ships made of steel and wood, but none that can go underwater. If others can do it, so can I.” Though his family didn’t 4 him, it didn’t stop his dream of building a submarine. He started planning how to build the submarine. As a 5 carpenter (木匠), he understood structures (结构) well. Also, working on water helped him learn about engines. “When I found out the needed 6 , the timeline became clear,” Zhang said. Zhang spent 5000 yuan on steel plates, batteries, engines, and other materials, and he started building the submarine. After six months of hard work, his first submarine was 7 . It was six meters long, 1.2 meters tall, and weighed two tons. Because it was so good, he received a national patent (专利), which is like a 8 for his invention. Still, he wanted to 9 . So he spent 40000 yuan to build a better submarine. The new submarine weighs 5 tons and can carry 7 tons. Zhang said, “It’s surprising that a small battery can power this big machine underwater. It stays 10 water-tight (不透水的) for 30 minutes and can even move backward.” Zhang hopes to build even larger submarines in the future. He also wants to teach young people to care more about protecting the country. 1．A．answered B．believed C．reported D．explained 2．A．since B．while C．until D．after 3．A．bought B．created C．repaired D．seen 4．A．admire B．support C．refuse D．remind 5．A．tired B．strong C．skilled D．clever 6．A．messages B．materials C．buildings D．projects 7．A．ready B．clean C．quiet D．proud 8．A．hobby B．notice C．prize D．dream 9．A．succeed B．compete C．prepare D．improve 10．A．suddenly B．completely C．naturally D．comfortably 二．阅读理解 A 14-year-old boy from China has surprised the world in 2025. Jia Mingxuan, from Chifeng City, won a top prize at an international invention show in Germany. It is one of the three biggest invention events in the world. Jia’s invention, named “Automatic Watering Device (自动浇水装置) for Trees in Dry Places”, is a small machine that waters young trees without using electricity. This year, more than 540 amazing inventions from around the world took part in the show, which makes Jia’s gold prize even more meaningful and valuable. Jia’s hometown lies in Horqin Sandy Land (科尔沁沙地). It’s always dry with little rain there, so trees find it hard to grow. When Jia was younger, he often saw farmers carrying water difficultly to water trees by hand. Their hard work made this invention-loving boy want to do something to help. One day, as he watched his mum cooking, Jia noticed small water drops running down the pot cover. It reminded him of a physics lesson about steam. Steam turns into water when the temperature drops. A great idea hit him suddenly. “Could I create a machine that collects water from the air to water the tree roots (根) deep inside the soil by itself?” With the help from his dad and teachers, Jia began turning his idea into reality. He used many things to start testing and failed four times, but he didn’t give up. On his fifth try, he made it! Later, he won the first place in a top Chinese invention contest! That gave him the chance to go to Germany. However, the cost of traveling abroad was nearly as much as all the money his family could make in one year. To avoid adding pressure to his parents, he nearly decided to give up the competition. When Jia Mingxuan’s school found this, it promised to give the boy full support. It even helped raise money from local government, the Red Cross, communities and even caring organizations. With the support from many people, Jia Mingxuan finally went to Germany. On the international stage, the Chinese teenager showed the creativity to the world. 11．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．Germany. B．Jia’s top prize. C．Chifeng city. D．The invention show. 12．Why does the writer describe Jia Mingxuan’s hometown in Horqin Sandy Land? A．To introduce a new traveling city. B．To explain the environmental challenges. C．To show the cultural differences of China. D．To understand the history of Chifeng City. 13．Which picture shows physics principle (原理) of Jia Mingxuan’s invention? A．B．C． D． 14．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Money isn’t everything. B．Two heads are better than one. C．Many hands make light work. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．An interesting physics lesson B．A Dry and Sandy Hometown C．An Invention Show in Germany D．A Boy’s Invention Shines with Support 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The 1920s was an exciting time for inventions. Some of the things invented around that time changed the lives of millions of people, and some are still 16 (wide) used today. The invention with the biggest impact was probably the television. It 17 (invent) by John Logie Baird. The first televised pictures were sent over a short distance in 1924. His invention was shown at the Royal Institute two years later. The pictures on the screen were 18 (clear). And viewers could only see that they were human faces, and they could see their eyes 19 (open) and closing. In 1928, images were sent from Britain to America, and the first “seeing-in sets” were sold. For £25 (£1000 in today’s money), people in 20 (they) homes could watch moving images that were sent from a broadcasting station. Another popular invention was the home refrigerator. People used different ways 21 (keep) food cool and fresh long before the 1900s, but home fridges weren’t invented until 1913 and became very popular in the US in the 1920s. British people were 22 (little) interested in fridges than Americans because the weather in Britain was cooler. The 23 (three) invention was the polygraph. In 1921, a California policeman invented it. He made a machine that measured (测量) 24 (people) heart rate and breathing while they were asked questions. The experts believed that sudden changes in these measurements 25 (show) that someone was lying. Although this invention is well-known, it can’t really detect lies. However, police still use them because many people believe they work. 四．任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Recently, Chinese scientists introduced a tiny drone (无人机) that looks just like a mosquito (蚊子). This little robot was made to watch places secretly, and it has caught wide attention after being shown on CCTV 7, China Central Television’s military channel. What makes this drone special? First, its appearance — flapping wings and legs as thin as hair — makes it almost impossible to tell it apart from real insects (昆虫). Second, its tiny size gives it amazing abilities: it can slip into almost any space, from narrow gaps to crowded rooms, without being noticed. Though it was mostly made for military spy work, many people think it could also be used by the government for public monitoring. Let’s talk about its details. The drone was only 1.3 cm long — about the size of a grain of rice — and could be controlled easily with a smartphone. It had leaf-shaped wings, three small legs, and flew much more quietly than bigger drones. Its creators say it’s so well-hidden that even careful observers might miss it. Plus, it can do many tasks: for example, flying into disaster zones too dangerous or hard for humans to reach, or checking air quality when equipped with small sensors. Of course, this “mosquito drone” isn’t perfect. While its small size is its biggest strength, it’s also a weakness. Because it’s so tiny, its battery doesn’t last long — maybe just a few minutes. And since it can’t carry heavy things, it can only use a few simple sensors or tools at a time. All in all, this invention shows how Chinese scientists are using advanced technology to create smart tools. Maybe in the future, ________. 26．Where was the mosquito drone first shown to the public? 27．What makes the mosquito drone special? (List two reasons, no more than 15 words) 28．Summarize Paragraph 4. (Within 10 words) 29．What do you think of the Chinese scientists who invented the mosquito drone? Why? 30．Continue to write Paragraph 5. (At least 15 words) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 Unit 5 Power of Ideas 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Section A 一．单词学习 1.invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明；创造 2.all over the world 全世界 3.suppose /səˈpəʊz/ v. 认为；推断 4.be supposed to do/be sth 应当做(某事)或是(某物) 5.wheel /wiːl/ n. 车轮；轮子 6.frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 冻硬的；冰封的 7.complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成；结束 adj. 完全的；彻底的 8.layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层；表层 9.melt /melt/ v. (使)融化；逐渐消失 10.pipe /paɪp/ n. 管道；管子；烟斗 11.tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ n. 隧道；地下通道 12.tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/ n. 旅游业 13.gain /ɡeɪn/ v. 获得；取得 二．课文学习 Section A 3a Fu Xing: What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? Peter: It has to be the radio. Fu Xing: The radio? Why? Peter: Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. The world was made much smaller by the radio. Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds. Fu Xing: Right. Who was the inventor? Peter: An Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi. He developed the idea in the 1890s. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Fu Xing: Wow! That was quite a distance at that time. Peter: Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. Fu Xing: Like the television? Peter: That’s right. It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world. 付星：彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 彼得：那肯定是收音机。 付星：收音机？为什么？ 彼得：在收音机发明之前，信息传播很慢。收音机让世界变得小多了。突然之间，新闻可以几秒钟内在全世界传播。 付星：对。发明者是谁？ 彼得：一位名叫古列尔莫·马可尼的意大利发明家。他在19世纪90年代发展了这个想法。1901年，第一次通过无线电信号横跨大西洋发送了信息。 付星：哇！那时那可真是一段遥远的距离。 彼得：是的。而且因为收音机，其他一些重要发明也被开发出来。 付星：比如电视？ 彼得：没错。收音机对音乐也有很大影响，使人们更容易欣赏世界各地艺术家的音乐。 三．课内知识解析 1. all over the world adv. 全世界 用法：固定短语，在句中作状语，表范围 同义：around the world 全世界 搭配：people all over the world 全世界人民 例句：Chinese is popular all over the world.（汉语在全世界都很受欢迎。） 2. be supposed to do /be sth 应当做 (某事) 或是 (某物) 用法：固定短语，表责任、义务，相当于 should 搭配：be supposed to study 应该学习 例句：We are supposed to keep quiet in class.（我们在课堂上应该保持安静。） 3. complete /kəmˈpliːt/v. 完成；结束 adj. 完全的；彻底的 词形变换：completely adv. 完全地 用法：动词表完成，形容词表完全的 搭配：complete the work 完成工作；complete silence 寂静 例句：Please complete your homework on time.（请按时完成作业。） 4. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/n. 旅游业 用法：不可数名词，指旅游相关行业 词形变换：tour n. 旅游；tourist n. 游客 搭配：develop tourism 发展旅游业；tourism industry 旅游业 例句：Tourism makes the city rich.（旅游业让这座城市变得富裕。） 5. gain /ɡeɪn/v. 获得；取得 词形变换：gain n. 收获 用法：及物动词，指主动获取知识、经验、利益等 搭配：gain knowledge 获得知识；gain experience 取得经验 例句：We can gain experience from work.（我们能从工作中获得经验。） 6.What do you think is the most useful invention of all time,Peter?彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 【详解】do you think作插入语 do you think意为“你认为......”，常用在特殊疑问句中作插入语，句子结构为：“疑问词+do you think+陈述语序？”。 What do you think is the most important invention in Chinese history?你认为中国历史上最重要的发明是什么？ Where do you think the boy is from? 你认为这个男孩来自哪里？ 7.It has to be the radio.那一定是无线电. 【详解】have to be一定是…... 用于对现在情况的肯定推测，语气强烈，相当于must be,但更口语化。have to be的第三人称单数形式为has to be。 The light is on.My parents have to be at home now. 灯亮着，我父母现在一定在家。 This has to be the right way because I see the sign. 这一定是正确的路，因为我看到了标志。 8.Before the radio was invented,information travelled very slowly.在无线电发明之前，信息传播非常慢。 【详解】invent〔动词)发明；编造 Who invented the telephone? It was Alexander Bell. 谁发明了电话？是亚历山大・贝尔。 What excuse did he invent this time? 他这次编了什么借口？ 【拓展】①invention [名词)发明；创造 The four great inventions in ancient China have changed the world forever.中国古代的四大发明永远地改变了世界。 ②inventor〔名词)发明家 Luban was a great inventor in ancient China.He invented a lot of useful things.鲁班是中国古代伟大的发明家，他发明了许多有用的东西。 9.It also had a big effect on music.它对音乐也产生了巨大影响。 【详解】have an effect on对…...有影响与have an influence on同义。 Watching too much TV has a bad effect on your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼晴有不好的影响。 The weather has an effect/influence on people's feelings.天气会影响人们的情绪。 四．随堂训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的适当形式填空，严格匹配时态、主谓一致、单复数变化。 1. Many modern ________ (发明) change people’s life greatly. 2. Artists usually ________ (创作) works with their unique ideas. 3. Reading helps us form independent ________ (想法) and opinions. 4. With the ________ (发展) of technology, our life becomes easier. 5. This tool is very ________ (有用的) for students’ daily study. 6. There are many ________ (差异) between traditional and modern ideas. 7. The farmer ________ (生产) fresh vegetables every season. 8. She has great creative ________ (能力) in designing. 9. The teacher gave a brief ________ (介绍) of the new lesson. 10. We should solve problems ________ (简单地) and effectively. 1. inventions 2. create 3. thoughts 4. development 5. useful 6. differences 7. produces 8. ability 9. introduction 10. simply 二、方框选词填空 从方框中选择合适单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 create, invent, use, thought, develop, able, simple, different, produce, introduce The power of ideas is amazing. All modern things around us come from people’s brave (1) ________. Great (2) ________ and creators always try to change the world. At first, many new ideas sound (3) ________ and ordinary, but they can finally turn into (4) ________ tools. Different people have (5) ________ ways of thinking. If you have the (6) ________ to observe life carefully, you can (7) ________ new ideas easily. Factories (8) ________ new products every day, and new technologies keep (9) ________. Teachers always (10) ________ creative methods to help students learn better. 1. thoughts2. inventors3. simple4. useful5. different6. ability7. create8. produce9. developing10. introduce 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，综合考查词形转换、非谓语、冠词、连词、时态等考点。 Ideas are the source of all creations. Every great invention starts with (1) ________ simple idea. Creative thinking is (2) ________ (power) and valuable for everyone. Many young people have the ability (3) ________ (create) new things, but some of them are afraid of trying. They think new ideas are (4) ________ (use) and hard to realize. In fact, the (5) ________ (develop) of society needs endless new thoughts. We should learn (6) ________ (think) differently and observe life carefully. When we find problems in life, we can try (7) ________ (come) up with solutions. Many daily goods we use now (8) ________ (produce) from small ideas. Keep thinking and creating, (9) ________ you will improve your creative ability day by day. Never ignore small ideas, (10) ________ they may change your life one day. 1. a2. powerful3. to create4. useless5. development6. to think7. to come8. are produced9. and10. because Section B 一．单词学习 1.reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 2.papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ n. 造纸工艺；造纸业 3.responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 4.responsible for sth 引起某事 5.rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 6.shape /ʃeɪp/ v. 塑造 n. 形状 7.bronze /brɒnz/ n. & adj. 青铜(的)；青铜色(的) 8.ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品；陶器 9.stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 10. jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维 11.fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ (= fiber) n. 纤维；纤维素 12.expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 13. officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 14.workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊；讲习班 15.none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 16.ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 最合适的；理想的 n. 理想；完美的人(或事物) 17.certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的 pron. 某些 18.suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜的 19.liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体 adj. 液体的 20.cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的 adv. 低廉地 21.creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品 22.later on 后来；其后 23.speed up (使)加速 24.Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ adj. 阿拉伯语的 n. 阿拉伯语 25.result in 造成；导致 26.lead to 导致；造成 27.birth /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生 二．课文学习 Section B 1b An Invention That Changed the World Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze wares, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. In the first step of Cai Lun’s experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. Later on, the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of information spread but also greatly influenced the world civilization. 你能想象没有书、报纸或杂志的世界吗？所有这些都依赖一项发明——造纸术。它比任何其他发明都更负责于塑造现代世界的信息快速传播。 在古代中国，人们使用许多不同的材料来写字，如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木头、竹子甚至丝绸。在西汉时期，还有一种非常早期的纸，由黄麻（一种植物纤维）制成。然而，这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。 作为东汉皇帝的宫廷作坊主管，蔡伦对解决这个问题产生了兴趣。人们尝试了不同的方法制作书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。在他那个时代，某些树皮被用来做衣服。从过去的经验中，蔡伦得到想法：树皮、某些植物和旧衣服可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。 在蔡伦实验的第一步，所有原料在水中混合煮沸。然后，这种材料被捣碎、切碎，再与水混合。接着，液体被倒在竹筛上，只留下纤维。最后，纤维被干燥并压制成纸。令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，而且最重要的是便宜。公元105年，蔡伦把他的发明呈献给皇帝。皇帝非常高兴，并赞扬蔡伦的伟大工作。 后来，造纸术不仅加速了信息传播的发展，也极大地影响了世界文明。 三．课内知识解析 1. reality /riˈæləti/n. 现实；事实 词形变换：real adj. 真实的；realize v. 意识到 用法：不可数名词，指真实的情况 搭配：in reality 事实上；face reality 面对现实 例句：We should face reality bravely.（我们应该勇敢地面对现实。） 2. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 作为原因的；有责任的 词形变换：responsibility n. 责任 用法：形容词，常与 for 搭配，表对… 负责、是… 的原因 搭配：be responsible for 对… 负责；引起 例句：He is responsible for this project.（他负责这个项目。） 3. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的；瞬间的 词形变换：rapidly adv. 迅速地 用法：形容词，形容发展、变化速度快 搭配：rapid development 快速发展；rapid growth 快速增长 例句：China has made rapid progress.（中国取得了飞速的进步。） 4. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 词形变换：expensively adv. 昂贵地；inexpensive adj. 便宜的 用法：形容词，修饰商品、服务，表价格高 搭配：an expensive car 昂贵的汽车；too expensive 太贵 例句：This watch is too expensive for me.（这块手表对我来说太贵了。） 5. none /nʌn/pron. 没有一个；毫无 用法：代词，指代三者或以上的人 / 事物 同义：no one 没有人 搭配：none of 没有一个；none at all 毫无 例句：None of us likes the movie.（我们中没有一个人喜欢这部电影。） 6. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/adj. 合适的；适宜的 用法：形容词，常与 for 搭配，表适合某人 / 某事 词形变换：suit v. 适合；suitably adv. 合适地 搭配：be suitable for 适合……；suitable time 合适的时间 例句：This book is suitable for children.（这本书适合儿童阅读。） 7. creation /kriˈeɪʃn/n. 创造；作品 用法：可数 / 不可数名词，指创造的行为或艺术作品 词形变换：create v. 创造；creative adj. 有创造力的 搭配：the creation of new things 新事物的创造；art creation 艺术作品 例句：This painting is a great creation.（这幅画是一件伟大的作品。） 8. result in 造成；导致 用法：动词短语，后接结果，主语为原因 搭配：result in trouble 导致麻烦；result in failure 导致失败 例句：Carelessness will result in mistakes.（粗心会导致错误。） 同义：lead to 导致 9. lead to 导致；造成 用法：动词短语，后接结果，主语为原因 搭配：lead to success 导致成功；lead to problems 导致问题 例句：Hard work leads to success.（努力工作会带来成功。） 同义：result in 造成 词形变换：lead→led 过去式 / 过去分词 10.How do we turn ideas into reality?我们如何将想法变为现实？ 【详解】(1)turn（...）into... (把…...)变成…... Water can turn into ice when the temperature is below 0℃. 水在零摄氏度以下的气温时可以变成冰。 Hard work can turn dreams into reality. 努力可以把梦想变成现实。 (2)reality〔名词)现实；事实 Hope is a good thing,but we must also face reality. 希望是好事，但我们也必须面对现实。 His dream of becoming a teacher became a reality. 他当老师的梦想变成了现实。 11.All of these things depend on one invention一paper making. 所有这些东西都依赖于一项发明一造纸术。 【详解】depend on依靠；取决于；on是介词，后面跟名词或代词。 You can always depend on me when you need help. 你需要帮助时永远可以依靠我。 Whether we go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。 12.It,more than any other invention.was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.与其他任何一项发明相比，正是造纸术促进了信息的快速传播，从而塑造了我们的现代世界。 【详解】(1)比较级+than any other+名词单数 比其他任何一个…...都更…...；用作插人语，表示最高级含义。 This book is more interesting than any other book I've read. 这本书比我读过的其他任何一本书都有趣。 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河流都长。 =The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 【拓展】more than ①不只是…...； 用来强调某一方面比另一方面更重要。 He is more than a teacher;he is a friend to his students. 他不只是个老师，更是学生的朋友。 ②超过…... There are more than five hundred students in the school. 学校里有五百多名学生。 (2)responsible〔形容词)作为原因的；有责任的 (be)responsible for sth引起某事；对…负责 The heavy rain was responsible for the flood. 大雨引发洪水。 As students,we are responsible for our studies. 作为学生，我们要对自己的学习负责。 (3)rapid〔形容词〕迅速的；瞬间的 He made rapid progress in English after months of hard work. 经过几个月的努力，他的英语进步很快。 China's cities are growing at a rapid speed. 中国的城市正以很快的速度扩张。 【拓展】rapidly〔副词)快速地 The population of the world is growing rapidly. 世界人口正快速增长。 (4)shape ①〔动词〕塑造 Exercise can help shape your body and keep you healthy. 锻炼可以帮助塑造体型，保持健康。 ②〔名词〕形状 in the shape of... 以…...的形状 The cake is in the shape of a star. 这个蛋糕是星星形状的。 13.In the Western Han Dynasty,there was also a very early form of paper made from jute-a fibre that comes from plants.在西汉时期，还有一种由黄麻（一种植物纤维）制成的早期的纸。 【详解】(be)made from 由…...制成从制成品上看不出原材料，或在制作过程中发生了化学变化。 Paper is made from wood.纸是用木材做的。 【拓展】 ①(be)made of 由…...制成从制成品上看得出原材料，或在制作过程中发生了物理变化。 This desk is made of wood. 这张课桌是木头做的。 ②(be)made in 在…...制造；in后接产地。 This phone is made in China. 这部手机是中国制造的。 ③(be)made into 被制成…... ； into后接制成品。 Milk can be made into cheese. 牛奶可以被制成奶酪 ④(be)made by 由…...制造 ； by后接动作执行者。 The model plane was made by Tom. 这架模型飞机是汤姆做的。 14.Different methods for creating something to write on were tried,but none were ideal.(当时)尝试了不同的方法来制造书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。 (1)none〔代词)没有一个；毫无；既可指人也可指物，表示“（三个或三个以上)没有一个”。 none of.…… (三者或三者以上)都不 None of the students knew the answer to the difficult question. 没有一个学生知道这道难题的答案。 【拓展】no one〔代词)没有人；没有任何人只指人，相当于nobody, 后面不接of,作主语时谓语动词用单数。 No one was there when I arrived at the station. 我到达车站时没人在那里。 【注意】none强调数量，可回答how many开头的特殊疑问句；no one强调人，可回答who开头的特殊疑问句。 (2)ideal ①〔形容词)最合适的；理想的 He is the ideal person for the job because he has all the skills.他是这份工作的理想人选，因为他具备所有技能。 ②〔名词)理想；完美的人（或事物） My ideal is to become a doctor. 我的理想是成为一名医生。 It's my ideal of what a family home should be.这是我心目中完美的家庭住宅。 15.From past experiences,Cai Lun got the idea that bark,certain plants,and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.从过去的经验中，蔡伦想到，树皮、某些植物和旧衣物或许可以用来制造一种适合书写的特殊材料。 【详解】 (1)certain ①〔形容词)某些；确定的 Certain students were late for class. 某些学生上课迟到了。 Are you certain about the answer? 你对这个答案确定吗？ ②（代词〕（不提及人或事物的名称时用）某些 Certain of the players were injured. 有些运动员受伤了。 (2)suitable〔形容词〕合适的；适宜的be suitable for适合… We need to find a suitable place for the party我们需要找一个适合聚会的地方。 This book is suitable for the children aged 8-12这本书适合8-12岁的孩子阅读。 16.To everyone's surprise,this paper was soft light,easy to make and use,and most importantly, cheap.出乎所有人意料的是，这种纸柔软、轻便、易于制作和使用，而且最重要的是，价格便宜。 (1) to sb's surprise出乎某人的意料，令某人惊讶的是；sb's表示形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。 To our surprise,the little boy could speak three languages. 令我们惊讶的是，这个小男孩能说三种语言。 To everyone's surprise,she arrived early for the meeting. 令所有人惊讶的是，她很早就到了会议现场。 (2)cheap ①（形容词）便宜的 其反义词为expensive(昂贵的)。 The food at this restaurant is cheap.这家餐厅的食物便宜 Cheap things are not good,and good things are not cheap.便宜没好货，好货不便宜。 ②（副词）低廉地；便官地 You can live very cheap in rural areas. 在农村地区生活可以很便宜。 【注意】物品有贵贱，价格论高低。 说明物品时，应用expensive表示“贵”，用cheap表示“便宜”；说明价格(price)时，应用high表示“价格高”，用low表示“价格低”。 17.Later on,the papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture,but also changed civilizations around the world.后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，还改变了世界各地的文明进程。 【详解】(1)later on后来；其后 He didn't know the answer at first,but later on he understood. 他一开始不知道答案，但后来他明白了。 I'm busy now.Let's discuss this topic later on. 我现在很忙，我们以后再讨论这个话题。 (2)speed up (使)加速；为“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作其宾语时，只能放在speed与up之间。speed的过 去式为sped, You should speed up a bit if you want to catch the bus. 如果你想赶上公共汽车，你应该再快一点儿。 The manager asked us to speed up the work,but we couldn't speed it up. 经理要求我们加快工作，但我们没法加快它。 18.This resulted in a new birth of knowledge,creating the world we have today.这带来了知识的新生，创造了我们今天拥有的世界。 【详解】(1)result in造成；导致 lead to表示“导致；造成”时与其同义，后接事物或状态，不能接人。主语是原因，宾语是结果。 Hard work results in success. 努力带来成功。 The accident resulted in the death of two cats. 这次事故导致两只猫死亡。 【拓展】result from 由…...引起主语是结果，宾语是原因。 His illness resulted from eating bad food. 他的病是由吃了变质的食物引起的。 (2)birth〔名词)起源；诞生 The birth of a baby is a happy event for the family. 婴儿的出生对家庭来说是件快乐的事。 The Communist Party of China has played a decisive role in the birth of New China.中国共产党对新中国的诞生起到了决定性的作用。 四．随堂训练 一、根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的适当形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数、词性变化。 1. ________ (突然), a new idea came into my mind. 2. Creative thinking is ________ (有益的) to all students. 3. The story ________ (激励) many young people to pursue their dreams last year. 4. Everyone can get ________ (灵感) from ordinary life. 5. She has ________ (实现) her goal of becoming a creative designer. 6. This method can bring great ________ (提升) to your learning ability. 7. It is well ________ (值得) spending time on creative practice. 8. Many ________ (发展中的) countries value creative education now. 9. We should try our best to develop our ________ (创造力). 10. It is ________ (几乎) impossible to succeed without thinking. 1. Suddenly2. beneficial3. inspired4. inspiration5. achieved6. improvement7. worth8. developing 9. creativity10. nearly 二、方框选词填空 从方框中选择合适单词，并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 sudden, inspire, benefit, worth, achieve, improve, nearly, develop, create, possible Creative ideas change the world. Many great inventions come from ordinary life (1) ________. It is (2) ________ for every student to develop creative thinking. Positive stories can (3) ________ us to keep trying. Practicing thinking is greatly (4) ________ to our study. It is well (5) ________ our time to train our brain every day. Many people have (6) ________ their dreams by creative methods. We can (7) ________ our skills and (8) ________ new things constantly. (9) ________ all successful people have flexible thinking during their (10) ________. 1. suddenly2. possible3. inspire4. beneficial5. worth6. achieved7. improve8. create9. Nearly10. development 三、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，综合考查词形转换、非谓语、冠词、连词、时态、主谓一致等核心考点。 Creative thinking is (1) ________ powerful skill for teenagers. It is (2) ________ (near) impossible for us to make progress without independent thinking. Many things in life are well worth (3) ________ (explore). A sudden thought may bring great (4) ________ (inspire). Positive ideas are (5) ________ (benefit) to our growth and can help us (6) ________ (achieve) goals easily. If we keep practicing creative thinking, we (7) ________ (improve) our abilities day by day. Many (8) ________ (develop) countries attach great importance to creative education, (9) ________ it plays a key role in social progress. Never give up thinking, (10) ________ you will get more creative achievements. 1. a2. nearly3. exploring4. inspiration5. beneficial6. (to) achieve7. will improve8. developed9. because10. and 综合训练 一．完形填空 A 60-year-old farmer from Maanshan, East China’s Anhui province, has successfully built a submarine (潜艇) on his own, China Central Television (CCTV) 1 . The five-ton homemade vessel (大船), named “Big Black Fish”, is able to dive (潜水) to a depth of eight meters. The farmer, named Zhang Shengwu, has loved making things 2 he was young. More than 20 years ago, he built a sand dock (码头) and often watched cargo (货物) ships come and go. In 2014, after seeing a TV program about submarines, he thought, “I have 3 big ships made of steel and wood, but none that can go underwater. If others can do it, so can I.” Though his family didn’t 4 him, it didn’t stop his dream of building a submarine. He started planning how to build the submarine. As a 5 carpenter (木匠), he understood structures (结构) well. Also, working on water helped him learn about engines. “When I found out the needed 6 , the timeline became clear,” Zhang said. Zhang spent 5000 yuan on steel plates, batteries, engines, and other materials, and he started building the submarine. After six months of hard work, his first submarine was 7 . It was six meters long, 1.2 meters tall, and weighed two tons. Because it was so good, he received a national patent (专利), which is like a 8 for his invention. Still, he wanted to 9 . So he spent 40000 yuan to build a better submarine. The new submarine weighs 5 tons and can carry 7 tons. Zhang said, “It’s surprising that a small battery can power this big machine underwater. It stays 10 water-tight (不透水的) for 30 minutes and can even move backward.” Zhang hopes to build even larger submarines in the future. He also wants to teach young people to care more about protecting the country. 1．A．answered B．believed C．reported D．explained 2．A．since B．while C．until D．after 3．A．bought B．created C．repaired D．seen 4．A．admire B．support C．refuse D．remind 5．A．tired B．strong C．skilled D．clever 6．A．messages B．materials C．buildings D．projects 7．A．ready B．clean C．quiet D．proud 8．A．hobby B．notice C．prize D．dream 9．A．succeed B．compete C．prepare D．improve 10．A．suddenly B．completely C．naturally D．comfortably 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了一位安徽农民张胜武克服困难，独自制造潜艇的故事，展现了他的创造力和坚持梦想的精神。 【详解】1．句意：据中国中央电视台（CCTV）报道，中国东部安徽省马鞍山一名60岁的农民成功地自己建造了一艘潜艇。 “CCTV”是媒体机构，媒体主要负责报道新闻，reported“报道”符合语境。answered回答；believed相信；explained解释，均不符合媒体职能语境。 2．句意：这位名叫张胜武的农民从小就喜欢做东西。 根据“has loved”是现在完成时可知，需搭配since“自从”，表示自从过去某时持续到现在。while当……时；until直到；after在……之后，均与时态搭配不当。 3．句意：2014年，在看了一个关于潜艇的电视节目后，他想：“我见过钢铁和木头做的大船，但没有一艘能在水下航行。别人能做，我也能。” 根据前文“More than 20 years ago, he built a sand dock (码头) and often watched cargo (货物) ships come and go.”可知，他看见过用钢铁和木头制成的大船，seen“看见”符合语境。bought购买；created创造；repaired修理，均不符合语境。 4．句意：虽然他的家人不支持他，但这并没有阻止他建造潜艇的梦想。 “Though”表转折，结合后半句“it didn’t stop his dream of building a submarine”可知，家人的态度是消极的，是不支持的，support“支持”符合语境。admire羡慕；refuse拒绝；remind提醒，均不符合家庭对梦想的态度语境。 5．句意：作为一名熟练的木匠，他很懂结构。 根据后文“he understood structures (结构) well”可知，他技艺高超，是熟练的木匠，skilled“熟练的”符合语境。tired劳累的；strong强壮的；clever聪明的，均不能直接解释懂结构的原因。 6．句意：“当我找到所需的材料时，时间表就清晰了，”张说。 根据后文“steel plates, batteries, engines, and other materials”可知，他找到了建造潜艇所需的材料，materials“材料”符合语境。messages信息；buildings建筑；projects项目，均与所列具体物品属性不符。 7．句意：经过六个月的努力，他的第一艘潜艇准备好了。 根据上文“After six months of hard work”和后文“It was six meters long, 1.2 meters tall, and weighed two tons. Because it was so good, he received a national patent”可知，经过六个月的努力，潜艇建造完成，获得了专利，ready“准备好的”符合潜艇建造完工的语境。clean干净的；quiet安静的；proud骄傲的，均不符合完工语境。 8．句意：因为太好了，他获得了国家专利，这就像对他的发明的奖励一样。 根据“national patent”可知，这是对发明的认可，类似于一种荣誉或奖项，prize“奖项”符合语境。hobby爱好；notice通知；dream梦想，均无法体现认可的价值。 9．句意：尽管如此，他还是想要改进。 根据后文“So he spent 40000 yuan to build a better submarine.”可知，他想造更好的潜艇，还想进行改进，improve“改进”符合语境。succeed成功；compete竞争；prepare准备，均不符合追求更好的语境。 10．句意：它可以保持完全不透水30分钟，甚至可以向后移动。 根据后文“water-tight (不透水的) for 30 minutes”可知，潜艇的密封性很好，完全不透水，completely“完全”符合语境。suddenly突然；naturally自然地；comfortably舒服地，修饰防水均不恰当。 二．阅读理解 A 14-year-old boy from China has surprised the world in 2025. Jia Mingxuan, from Chifeng City, won a top prize at an international invention show in Germany. It is one of the three biggest invention events in the world. Jia’s invention, named “Automatic Watering Device (自动浇水装置) for Trees in Dry Places”, is a small machine that waters young trees without using electricity. This year, more than 540 amazing inventions from around the world took part in the show, which makes Jia’s gold prize even more meaningful and valuable. Jia’s hometown lies in Horqin Sandy Land (科尔沁沙地). It’s always dry with little rain there, so trees find it hard to grow. When Jia was younger, he often saw farmers carrying water difficultly to water trees by hand. Their hard work made this invention-loving boy want to do something to help. One day, as he watched his mum cooking, Jia noticed small water drops running down the pot cover. It reminded him of a physics lesson about steam. Steam turns into water when the temperature drops. A great idea hit him suddenly. “Could I create a machine that collects water from the air to water the tree roots (根) deep inside the soil by itself?” With the help from his dad and teachers, Jia began turning his idea into reality. He used many things to start testing and failed four times, but he didn’t give up. On his fifth try, he made it! Later, he won the first place in a top Chinese invention contest! That gave him the chance to go to Germany. However, the cost of traveling abroad was nearly as much as all the money his family could make in one year. To avoid adding pressure to his parents, he nearly decided to give up the competition. When Jia Mingxuan’s school found this, it promised to give the boy full support. It even helped raise money from local government, the Red Cross, communities and even caring organizations. With the support from many people, Jia Mingxuan finally went to Germany. On the international stage, the Chinese teenager showed the creativity to the world. 11．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．Germany. B．Jia’s top prize. C．Chifeng city. D．The invention show. 12．Why does the writer describe Jia Mingxuan’s hometown in Horqin Sandy Land? A．To introduce a new traveling city. B．To explain the environmental challenges. C．To show the cultural differences of China. D．To understand the history of Chifeng City. 13．Which picture shows physics principle (原理) of Jia Mingxuan’s invention? A．B．C． D． 14．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Money isn’t everything. B．Two heads are better than one. C．Many hands make light work. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．An interesting physics lesson B．A Dry and Sandy Hometown C．An Invention Show in Germany D．A Boy’s Invention Shines with Support 【答案】11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文讲述了14岁来自中国赤峰的男孩贾明轩，受家乡科尔沁沙地干旱缺水、树木难种植的启发，结合水蒸气遇冷液化的物理原理，研发出无需用电的干旱地区树木自动浇水装置，在克服资金困难、得到学校和社会各界的支持后，赴德国参加国际发明展并斩获顶级金奖，向世界展示了中国青少年创造力的故事。 【详解】11．第一段“Jia Mingxuan, from Chifeng City, won a top prize at an international invention show in Germany. It is one of the three biggest invention events in the world.”提到，Jia Mingxuan在德国一场国际发明展上斩获最高奖项。该展会是全球三大顶级发明盛会之一。it指代“The invention show.”。 12．第三段“It’s always dry with little rain there, so trees find it hard to grow. When Jia was younger, he often saw farmers carrying water difficultly to water trees by hand. Their hard work made this invention-loving boy want to do something to help.”提到贾明轩家乡在沙地，是为了说明家乡常年干旱少雨、种树缺水的环境问题，这也正是他想要发明自动浇水装置的背景，即解释了家乡的环境挑战。 13．第四段“Steam turns into water when the temperature drops.”提到，这项发明的原理是水蒸气遇冷（温度降低）液化成水，对应图1：烧杯中的热水蒸发成水蒸气，遇到上方低温的玻璃板后液化成小水滴，完全符合原理。 14．第五段“When Jia Mingxuan’s school found this, it promised to give the boy full support. It even helped raise money from local government, the Red Cross, communities and even caring organizations. With the support from many people, Jia Mingxuan finally went to Germany.”，最后一段讲述贾明轩负担不起出国参赛的旅费，学校、政府、社区、爱心组织等多方合力资助他，才让他得以参赛，对应谚语Many hands make light work（人多力量大/众人拾柴火焰高）。 15．全文围绕中国14岁男孩贾明轩的发明经历展开：从受家乡干旱启发产生灵感，反复试验成功后，又在多方支持下站上国际舞台获奖，D选项“一个男孩的发明在支持下闪光”完整概括了全文核心内容。 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The 1920s was an exciting time for inventions. Some of the things invented around that time changed the lives of millions of people, and some are still 16 (wide) used today. The invention with the biggest impact was probably the television. It 17 (invent) by John Logie Baird. The first televised pictures were sent over a short distance in 1924. His invention was shown at the Royal Institute two years later. The pictures on the screen were 18 (clear). And viewers could only see that they were human faces, and they could see their eyes 19 (open) and closing. In 1928, images were sent from Britain to America, and the first “seeing-in sets” were sold. For £25 (£1000 in today’s money), people in 20 (they) homes could watch moving images that were sent from a broadcasting station. Another popular invention was the home refrigerator. People used different ways 21 (keep) food cool and fresh long before the 1900s, but home fridges weren’t invented until 1913 and became very popular in the US in the 1920s. British people were 22 (little) interested in fridges than Americans because the weather in Britain was cooler. The 23 (three) invention was the polygraph. In 1921, a California policeman invented it. He made a machine that measured (测量) 24 (people) heart rate and breathing while they were asked questions. The experts believed that sudden changes in these measurements 25 (show) that someone was lying. Although this invention is well-known, it can’t really detect lies. However, police still use them because many people believe they work. 【答案】16．widely 17．was invented 18．unclear 19．opening 20．their 21．to keep 22．less 23．third 24．people’s 25．showed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了20世纪20年代的三项重要发明：电视（约翰·洛奇·贝尔德发明，早期图像模糊，但实现了短距离传输）、家用冰箱（在美国流行，但在英国因气候较冷而不那么受欢迎）以及测谎仪（测量心率和呼吸，被认为能揭示谎言但实际效果有限），并阐述了它们对当时和后世的影响。 【详解】16．句意：一些在那个时候发明的东西改变了数百万人的生活，其中一些至今仍被广泛使用。此处修饰动词used，需用副词形式，wide的副词是widely。故填widely。 17．句意：它由约翰·洛奇·贝尔德发明。根据“It…(invent) by John Logie Baird.”可知，主语It与invent构成被动关系，且为过去事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故填was invented。 18．句意：屏幕上的画面不清晰。根据后文“viewers could only see that they were human faces”可知，画面质量不佳，unclear“不清晰的”符合语境，形容词作表语。故填unclear。 19．句意：观众只能看到它们是人脸，并且他们能看到他们的眼睛睁开和闭合。see sth. doing sth.“看见某物正在做某事”，是动词短语，描述当时看到眼睛的动作状态。故填opening。 20．句意：只需花费25英镑（相当于现今的1000英镑），人们在家中就能观看从广播站传送的活动影像。根据“in…(they) homes”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰homes，they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。 21．句意：在20世纪之前很久，人们使用不同的方法来保持食物凉爽和新鲜，然而，家用冰箱直到1913年才被发明，并于20世纪20年代在美国普及开来。use ways to do sth.“用方法做某事”，是动词短语。故填to keep。 22．句意：英国人比美国人对冰箱的兴趣更小，因为英国的天气更为凉爽。根据“British people were…interested in fridges than Americans”可知，此处是比较级，且后文提到英国天气更凉爽，所以兴趣“更少”，little的比较级是less。故填less。 23．句意：第三项发明是测谎仪。根据“The…(three) invention”可知，此处表示顺序，应用序数词，three的序数词是third。故填third。 24．句意：他制造了一台机器，用来测量人们在被提问时的心率和呼吸。根据“…(people) heart rate and breathing”可知，此处表示所属关系，应用名词所有格，people’s“人们的”。故填people’s。 25．句意：专家们相信这些测量数据的突然变化表明有人在说谎。根据“The experts believed that sudden changes…(show) that someone was lying”可知，believed后接宾语从句，描述过去专家们的看法，动词show用过去式showed。故填showed。 四．任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。 Recently, Chinese scientists introduced a tiny drone (无人机) that looks just like a mosquito (蚊子). This little robot was made to watch places secretly, and it has caught wide attention after being shown on CCTV 7, China Central Television’s military channel. What makes this drone special? First, its appearance — flapping wings and legs as thin as hair — makes it almost impossible to tell it apart from real insects (昆虫). Second, its tiny size gives it amazing abilities: it can slip into almost any space, from narrow gaps to crowded rooms, without being noticed. Though it was mostly made for military spy work, many people think it could also be used by the government for public monitoring. Let’s talk about its details. The drone was only 1.3 cm long — about the size of a grain of rice — and could be controlled easily with a smartphone. It had leaf-shaped wings, three small legs, and flew much more quietly than bigger drones. Its creators say it’s so well-hidden that even careful observers might miss it. Plus, it can do many tasks: for example, flying into disaster zones too dangerous or hard for humans to reach, or checking air quality when equipped with small sensors. Of course, this “mosquito drone” isn’t perfect. While its small size is its biggest strength, it’s also a weakness. Because it’s so tiny, its battery doesn’t last long — maybe just a few minutes. And since it can’t carry heavy things, it can only use a few simple sensors or tools at a time. All in all, this invention shows how Chinese scientists are using advanced technology to create smart tools. Maybe in the future, ________. 26．Where was the mosquito drone first shown to the public? 27．What makes the mosquito drone special? (List two reasons, no more than 15 words) 28．Summarize Paragraph 4. (Within 10 words) 29．What do you think of the Chinese scientists who invented the mosquito drone? Why? 30．Continue to write Paragraph 5. (At least 15 words) 【答案】26．On CCTV 7, China Central Television’s military channel. 27．First, its appearance. Second, its tiny size. 28．The mosquito drone isn’t perfect./The mosquito drone has a weakness./The disadvantage of the mosquito drone. 29．They are creative./They are hard-working./They are very clever./They are very smart. Because they can invent such a useful drone which has amazing abilities. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 30．such small drones will be used widely in a lot of fields and help people do all kinds of things. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国科学家发明的一种像蚊子一样的微型无人机，包括它的外观、特点、用途以及目前的缺点。 【详解】26．根据文章第1段“…and it has caught wide attention after being shown on CCTV 7, China Central Television’s military channel.”可知，这款蚊子无人机首次向公众展示是在CCTV 7。 27．根据文章第2段“First, its appearance…Second, its tiny size…”可知，让这款无人机与众不同的是它的外观和微小的体积。 28．根据文章第4段“Of course, this “mosquito drone” isn’t perfect. While its small size is its biggest strength, it’s also a weakness.”可知，该段主要讲述了这款蚊子无人机的缺点或不完美之处。 29．根据文章第5段“All in all, this invention shows how Chinese scientists are using advanced technology to create smart tools.”可知，中国科学家非常聪明且富有创造力，因为他们利用先进技术创造了智能工具。 30．根据文章第4段提到的电池寿命短和携带能力差的缺点，以及第5段“Maybe in the future, ________.”可知，未来科学家们可能会改进它的电池寿命并让它携带更多有用的工具来帮助人们。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $