Unit 1 Science and Scientists（复习讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语单元复习讲义通过表格化梳理构建“科学与科学家”主题的知识体系，将复习要点与重难点对应呈现，系统整合核心词汇（含词性转换、固定搭配）、短语及表语从句语法，用结构化框架清晰展示知识点内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“基础-提升”分层练习设计，如核心词汇“contradictory”通过单句语法填空巩固搭配、完成句子强化语境运用，表语从句专题结合引导词选择与虚拟语气辨析，培养语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。配套多样化题型（语法填空、阅读理解等）满足分层需求，助力学生自主复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

Unit 1 Science and Scientists （复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握科学与科学家话题相关词汇与固定短语，熟记单词词性转换、名词复数、动词变形。 2. 熟练运用表语从句，掌握各类引导词用法，理解表语从句语义与句式特点。 3. 掌握表语从句基础句型结构。 4. 能够运用句型谈论科学家、科学研究与科学发现，可以阅读和写作介绍科学家及其科研成就的短文。 复习重难点 重点：表语从句引导词选择；科学主题常用短语；核心单词词形转换。 难点：表语从句中that不能省略；区分表语从句与定语从句；写作有条理叙述科学探索过程，丰富句式。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 变形：contradict v. 与…矛盾；反驳；contradiction n. 矛盾 【固定搭配】 ①be contradictory to 与……相矛盾 ②a contradiction between ……之间的矛盾 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)What he did is contradictory __________ what he promised. (2)There is a sharp __________(contradict) in his speech. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这个结论和已收集到的证据相矛盾。(contradictory) This conclusion is ________________________ the evidence collected. 知识点2：infection n. 感染；传染 变形：infect v. 传染；使感染；infected adj. 受感染的 【固定搭配】 ①become infected with 感染上…… ②risk of infection 感染风险 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)If the cut is not cleaned, it may cause __________(infect). (2)Lots of citizens got __________(infect) with the virus last year. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)接触这种动物，你就有可能被感染。(infect) You are likely ________________________ when touching this kind of animal. 知识点3：subscribe v. 订阅；赞成；同意 变形：subscription n. 订阅；订购费 【固定搭配】 ①subscribe to 订阅；赞同 ②cancel one’s subscription 取消订阅 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Few of us subscribe __________ his risky plan. (2)My __________(subscribe) to the magazine will end soon. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)大部分同学并不赞同这个想法。(subscribe) Most students do not ________________________ this idea. 知识点4：proof n. 证据；证明 adj.防……的 变形：prove v. 证明；证实 【固定搭配】 ①proof of ……的证据 ②prove to be 证明是 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Can you offer any __________(prove) of his mistake? (2)The young man __________(prove) to be a reliable partner later. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)到目前为止，我们没有证明他说谎的证据。(proof) So far, we have ________________________ his lying. 知识点5：blame v. 责备；归咎于 n. 责任 【固定搭配】 ①blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 ②blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 ③be to blame for 应受责备；该承担责任 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Don’t blame yourself __________ the small failure. (2)He blamed his carelessness __________ the accident. (3)It is not your fault; you are not __________(blame). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)很多人认为是他该为这次冲突承担责任。(blame) Many people think he is ________________________ the conflict. 知识点6：decrease v.& n. 减少；降低 变形：decreasing adj. 逐渐减少的 【固定搭配】 ①decrease by 减少了（表幅度） ②decrease to 减少到（表结果） ③on the decrease 在减少 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)The number of visitors decreased __________ 20% last month. (2)The temperature will decrease __________ zero at night. (3)The __________(decrease) population has drawn public attention. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)当地鸟类的数量正在不断减少。(decrease) The number of local birds is ________________________. 知识点7：thanks to 介词短语；多亏；由于 【固定搭配】 ①thanks to sb./sth. 多亏；由于（可褒可贬） 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Thanks __________ his help, I finished the tough task on time. (2)Thanks __________ the bad weather, our trip was put off. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)多亏充足的准备，他顺利通过了考试。 ________________________ enough preparations, he passed the exam smoothly. 知识点8：transform v. 使改变；使转化 变形：transformation n. 改变；变革 【固定搭配】 ①transform A into B 把A转化为B ②transform …from…to… 把……从……改变为…… 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)The reform transformed the old factory __________ a modern park. (2)The city has experienced a complete __________(transform). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)时间把这个小村庄变成了旅游胜地。(transform) Time has ________________________ a tourist attraction. 知识点9：break out 动词短语；(战争、火灾)爆发 【固定搭配】 ①break out (战争、火灾)爆发 ②break in 闯入；打断 ③break down (机器)出故障；分解 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)A big fire broke __________ in the neighbourhood last night. (2)When the war broke __________, many people lost their homes. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)没人预料到冲突会突然爆发。 Nobody expected that the conflict would ________________________. 知识点10：defend v. 防御；保护；辩护 变形：defence n. 防御；保卫；defensive adj.防御性的 【固定搭配】 ①defend sb./sth. from/against 保护……免受…… ②in defence of 保护；为捍卫…… 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)She stood up to defend her little brother __________ the bad guys. (2)Many soldiers fought __________(defend) their homeland. (3)He spoke in __________(defend) of his friend. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)战士们冲过去捍卫这座城市。(defence) The soldiers rushed over ________________________ the city. 知识点11：assistant n. 助手；助理 adj.助理的 变形：assist v. 协助；帮助；assistance n. 帮助；援助 【固定搭配】 ①assist sb. in/with sth. 协助某人做某事 ②with the assistance of 在……的帮助下 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)He works as an __________(assist) to the manager. (2)She assisted me __________ preparing the report. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)在老师的帮助下，我解决了这个难题。 ________________________ my teacher, I solved the difficult problem. 知识点12：in charge of 掌管；负责 变形：in the charge of 由……掌管（被动含义） 【固定搭配】 ①in charge of 负责；掌管（主动） ②in the charge of 由……负责（被动） ③take charge of 接管 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Who is __________ charge of this project? (2)The class is __________ the charge of Ms Wang. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)他将接管这个部门。(charge) He will ________________________ this department. 知识点13：above all 最重要的是；首先 【固定搭配】 ①above all 最重要的是 ②after all 毕竟 ③in all 总共 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Above __________, you should keep calm when facing danger. (2)There are in __________ fifty students in our class. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)最重要的是，你要相信自己。 ________________________, you should believe in yourself. 单元语法：表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。 1．从属连词that引导的表语从句 从属连词that的用法：①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed. 他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句 The point is whether we should lend him the money. 关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 [名师点津]　if不能引导表语从句。 3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。 That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句 It's just because he doesn't know her. 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。 [名师点津] reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。 6．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as (assist) to my English teacher. 2．The report released by the media discloses that human error was (blame) for the accident. 3．The manager is reported (transform) the company into a profitable business next year. 4．The scientists are trying to find a (solve) to the problem of water shortage. 5．She was (severe) injured in the car accident. 6．The problem, if (handle) properly, will be solved soon. 7．The temperature (decrease) rapidly after sunset on New Year’s Eve. 8．Regarded as one of the English language’s most (gift) poets, John Keats wrote poetry that concentrated on imagery, human nature, and philosophy. 9．Though scientists have made (substance) advances in their research, further proof is still needed. 10．We are facing two (contradict) suggestions so we don’t know what to do next. 11．The polluted river is the living (prove) of the environmental pollution caused by the chemical factory. 12．He was eating irregularly, (steady) losing weight.   13．One of the (mechanic) took off the damaged tyre, and took it back to the station to be patched. 14．The percentage of girls in engineering has increased (substantial). 15．Cars with serious (fault) have been called in by the manufacturers. 16．What are the possible (link) between facial expressions and emotion? 17．Now for markets, are there any (theory) frameworks about market structure? 18．So the more unselfish love is, the greater, (pure), and more mature it is. 19．The 2007 project was a bit (abstract) than most of the projects I’ve used. 20．Have you had any dealings with any of the (suspect), either personally or professionally? 二、单词拼写 21．Harry has ______ (矛盾的) feelings about his new life. He enjoys it at first but later he gets to know that the evil wizard is the one who killed his parents. 22．This ______ (发现) has opened up a whole new field of research. 23．She implied that she was the one in ________ (掌控) of the whole project. 24．He offered his assessment of the damage, which is only a __________(框架). 25．They have the confidence and ability to ________ (处理) the important matter well. 26．If possible, you should use one knife for fresh vegetable and another for ________ (生的) meat. 27．A healthy immune system helps your body fight ________ (感染) effectively. 28．The government performed well in the face of (多种多样的) ________ challenges. 29．Once you have removed the__________ (病毒) it is safe to reconnect to the Internet. 30．Every citizen has the duty to _________ (保卫) our motherland and safeguard its peace. 三、完成句子 31．仿佛到了世界末日！ _______________ the world _______________! 32．I think, this is ________________ thousands of miles here. 我想，这就是我千里迢迢来到这里的原因。 33．I do understand, and this is ________________. 我确实明白，这是因为我有一个幸福快乐的童年。 34．The cook is __________ the kitchen helper. 这位厨师负责管理厨工. 35．她认为这是彻底解决问题的最佳时机。 She thought that it was the best time to solve the problem ______________________. 36．如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们很可能会患上背部问题。 People ________________________ from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. 37．他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离。 He keeps childlike curiosity about the world, devotes himself to research, and ________________ fame and fortune. 38．他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。 He has achieved a series of ________________. 39．中国不再是过去的样子，这一点是公认的。 It’s widely ________ ________ China is no longer ________ it used to be. 40．如果你订阅这份报纸，你将会获得送货上门服务。 ____________________________________, it'll be delivered to your door. 四、语法填空 （25-26高二下·河北保定·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese research team has recently made a breakthrough in developing “long-lifespan rice” by identifying the key gene (基因) and mechanism that enable wild rice 1 (harvest) multiple times, and has successfully introduced this gene into a cultivated (栽培) rice variety. This latest 2 (achieve) has been published in the international academic journal Science. According to 3 paper, the Chinese team identifies two genes that help the wild rice Oryza rufipogon grow well year after year by adding these genes to the cultivated rice O. sativa, which gave it a key perennial trait (多年生特性): the ability to stop flowering and resume vegetative growth, instead 4 dying off after flowering as annual plants 5 (general) do. Experts say that while the genetic basis of rice longevity 6 (reveal) so far, the research remains largely at a fundamental stage. 7 (system) evaluations of yield, taste, and other characteristics have yet to be completed. Overall, the new rice is not intended to replace existing high-yield varieties, 8 rather to serve as an addition to current farming systems. Still, experts say that “longevity rice” shows potential in low-productivity areas such as sloped farmland and hilly regions, 9 the planting conditions are challenging but its characteristic could reduce labor input and help conserve soil, 10 (offer) distinct ecological and economic value. 五、阅读理解（25-26高二下·四川乐山·期末）For years, robotics scientist Sthithpragya Gupta has dreamed of a robot that could make him a coffee — one that would respond to simple voice commands like “a little bit of sugar, a bit more creamer.” A long-standing problem, however, is that robots cannot handle tasks beyond their specific programming. Gupta uses a tennis example to illustrate the issue: while a robot can perfectly repeat a backhand shot again and again, it all falls apart when conditions change — for example, the opponent moves or the light shifts. Humans adjust effortlessly, but teaching this adaptability to robots has proven profoundly difficult. Now, Gupta and his colleagues have demonstrated a new way of teaching robots. The approach relies on kinematic intelligence — a robot’s built-in awareness of how its own body can move safely through space. In a video demonstrating their technology, accompanied with other programming, robots watch as a human instructor throws a ball into a small container. The robots then pick up the ball and copy the instructor’s behavior, adjusting for their own positions and bodies. Robots are then capable of transferring these skills and knowledge to other robots. “It could be a turning point,” says Robert Platt, a robotics researcher. Platt, who called the work a “breakthrough,” noted that the field of robotics is not widely — agreed belief of creating effective robots through machine learning — but that most agree the problem these researchers are tackling is a critical one. “More people may do this in the future,” he said. Platt was hesitant to forecast any particular timeline for robots becoming widespread household accessories (家庭用品). “We’re at a point of very fast change,” he notes. “Part of the reason why I hesitate to make predictions — look what happened with large language models,” he says, referring to generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT that has been widely adopted. “We were a long way away and then all of a sudden — we weren’t.” 1．What is the long-standing problem for robots? A．They cannot understand voice commands. B．They lack the flexibility to handle changes. C．They are programmed with simple instructions. D．They learn sports skills much slower than humans. 2．What is “kinematic intelligence”? A．A natural sense of movement. B．An ability to behave as programmed. C．A new way to show technology’s power. D．A skill of transferring knowledge to others. 3．Why does Platt mention ChatGPT? A．To stress the importance of machine learning. B．To remind that the predictions about robots often fail. C．To suggest home robots may arrive sooner than expected. D．To prove robotics may use AI chatbots to make improvement. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Approach to Creating Moving Robots B．An Outburst of Robots’ Language Ability C．A Way of Designing Self-minded Robots D．A Breakthrough in Robots’ Adaptability 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists （复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握科学与科学家话题相关词汇与固定短语，熟记单词词性转换、名词复数、动词变形。 2. 熟练运用表语从句，掌握各类引导词用法，理解表语从句语义与句式特点。 3. 掌握表语从句基础句型结构。 4. 能够运用句型谈论科学家、科学研究与科学发现，可以阅读和写作介绍科学家及其科研成就的短文。 复习重难点 重点：表语从句引导词选择；科学主题常用短语；核心单词词形转换。 难点：表语从句中that不能省略；区分表语从句与定语从句；写作有条理叙述科学探索过程，丰富句式。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 变形：contradict v. 与…矛盾；反驳；contradiction n. 矛盾 【固定搭配】 ①be contradictory to 与……相矛盾 ②a contradiction between ……之间的矛盾 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)What he did is contradictory __________ what he promised. (2)There is a sharp __________(contradict) in his speech. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这个结论和已收集到的证据相矛盾。(contradictory) This conclusion is ________________________ the evidence collected. 【答案】1.to 2.contradiction；(1)contradictory to 知识点2：infection n. 感染；传染 变形：infect v. 传染；使感染；infected adj. 受感染的 【固定搭配】 ①become infected with 感染上…… ②risk of infection 感染风险 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)If the cut is not cleaned, it may cause __________(infect). (2)Lots of citizens got __________(infect) with the virus last year. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)接触这种动物，你就有可能被感染。(infect) You are likely ________________________ when touching this kind of animal. 【答案】1.infection 2.infected；(1)to get infected 知识点3：subscribe v. 订阅；赞成；同意 变形：subscription n. 订阅；订购费 【固定搭配】 ①subscribe to 订阅；赞同 ②cancel one’s subscription 取消订阅 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Few of us subscribe __________ his risky plan. (2)My __________(subscribe) to the magazine will end soon. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)大部分同学并不赞同这个想法。(subscribe) Most students do not ________________________ this idea. 【答案】1.to 2.subscription；(1)subscribe to 知识点4：proof n. 证据；证明 adj.防……的 变形：prove v. 证明；证实 【固定搭配】 ①proof of ……的证据 ②prove to be 证明是 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Can you offer any __________(prove) of his mistake? (2)The young man __________(prove) to be a reliable partner later. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)到目前为止，我们没有证明他说谎的证据。(proof) So far, we have ________________________ his lying. 【答案】1.proof 2.proved；(1)no proof of 知识点5：blame v. 责备；归咎于 n. 责任 【固定搭配】 ①blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 ②blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 ③be to blame for 应受责备；该承担责任 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Don’t blame yourself __________ the small failure. (2)He blamed his carelessness __________ the accident. (3)It is not your fault; you are not __________(blame). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)很多人认为是他该为这次冲突承担责任。(blame) Many people think he is ________________________ the conflict. 【答案】1.for 2.on 3.to blame；(1)to blame for 知识点6：decrease v.& n. 减少；降低 变形：decreasing adj. 逐渐减少的 【固定搭配】 ①decrease by 减少了（表幅度） ②decrease to 减少到（表结果） ③on the decrease 在减少 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)The number of visitors decreased __________ 20% last month. (2)The temperature will decrease __________ zero at night. (3)The __________(decrease) population has drawn public attention. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)当地鸟类的数量正在不断减少。(decrease) The number of local birds is ________________________. 【答案】1.by 2.to 3.decreasing；(1)on the decrease 知识点7：thanks to 介词短语；多亏；由于 【固定搭配】 ①thanks to sb./sth. 多亏；由于（可褒可贬） 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Thanks __________ his help, I finished the tough task on time. (2)Thanks __________ the bad weather, our trip was put off. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)多亏充足的准备，他顺利通过了考试。 ________________________ enough preparations, he passed the exam smoothly. 【答案】1.to 2.to；(1)Thanks to 知识点8：transform v. 使改变；使转化 变形：transformation n. 改变；变革 【固定搭配】 ①transform A into B 把A转化为B ②transform …from…to… 把……从……改变为…… 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)The reform transformed the old factory __________ a modern park. (2)The city has experienced a complete __________(transform). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)时间把这个小村庄变成了旅游胜地。(transform) Time has ________________________ a tourist attraction. 【答案】1.into 2.transformation；(1)transformed the small village into 知识点9：break out 动词短语；(战争、火灾)爆发 【固定搭配】 ①break out (战争、火灾)爆发 ②break in 闯入；打断 ③break down (机器)出故障；分解 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)A big fire broke __________ in the neighbourhood last night. (2)When the war broke __________, many people lost their homes. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)没人预料到冲突会突然爆发。 Nobody expected that the conflict would ________________________. 【答案】1.out 2.out；(1)break out suddenly 知识点10：defend v. 防御；保护；辩护 变形：defence n. 防御；保卫；defensive adj.防御性的 【固定搭配】 ①defend sb./sth. from/against 保护……免受…… ②in defence of 保护；为捍卫…… 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)She stood up to defend her little brother __________ the bad guys. (2)Many soldiers fought __________(defend) their homeland. (3)He spoke in __________(defend) of his friend. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)战士们冲过去捍卫这座城市。(defence) The soldiers rushed over ________________________ the city. 【答案】1.from/against 2.to defend 3.defence；(1)in defence of 知识点11：assistant n. 助手；助理 adj.助理的 变形：assist v. 协助；帮助；assistance n. 帮助；援助 【固定搭配】 ①assist sb. in/with sth. 协助某人做某事 ②with the assistance of 在……的帮助下 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)He works as an __________(assist) to the manager. (2)She assisted me __________ preparing the report. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)在老师的帮助下，我解决了这个难题。 ________________________ my teacher, I solved the difficult problem. 【答案】1.assistant 2.in；(1)With the assistance of 知识点12：in charge of 掌管；负责 变形：in the charge of 由……掌管（被动含义） 【固定搭配】 ①in charge of 负责；掌管（主动） ②in the charge of 由……负责（被动） ③take charge of 接管 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Who is __________ charge of this project? (2)The class is __________ the charge of Ms Wang. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)他将接管这个部门。(charge) He will ________________________ this department. 【答案】1.in 2.in；(1)take charge of 知识点13：above all 最重要的是；首先 【固定搭配】 ①above all 最重要的是 ②after all 毕竟 ③in all 总共 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Above __________, you should keep calm when facing danger. (2)There are in __________ fifty students in our class. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)最重要的是，你要相信自己。 ________________________, you should believe in yourself. 【答案】1.all 2.all；(1)Above all 单元语法：表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。 1．从属连词that引导的表语从句 从属连词that的用法：①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed. 他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句 The point is whether we should lend him the money. 关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 [名师点津]　if不能引导表语从句。 3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。 That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句 It's just because he doesn't know her. 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。 [名师点津] reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。 6．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as (assist) to my English teacher. 2．The report released by the media discloses that human error was (blame) for the accident. 3．The manager is reported (transform) the company into a profitable business next year. 4．The scientists are trying to find a (solve) to the problem of water shortage. 5．She was (severe) injured in the car accident. 6．The problem, if (handle) properly, will be solved soon. 7．The temperature (decrease) rapidly after sunset on New Year’s Eve. 8．Regarded as one of the English language’s most (gift) poets, John Keats wrote poetry that concentrated on imagery, human nature, and philosophy. 9．Though scientists have made (substance) advances in their research, further proof is still needed. 10．We are facing two (contradict) suggestions so we don’t know what to do next. 11．The polluted river is the living (prove) of the environmental pollution caused by the chemical factory. 12．He was eating irregularly, (steady) losing weight.   13．One of the (mechanic) took off the damaged tyre, and took it back to the station to be patched. 14．The percentage of girls in engineering has increased (substantial). 15．Cars with serious (fault) have been called in by the manufacturers. 16．What are the possible (link) between facial expressions and emotion? 17．Now for markets, are there any (theory) frameworks about market structure? 18．So the more unselfish love is, the greater, (pure), and more mature it is. 19．The 2007 project was a bit (abstract) than most of the projects I’ve used. 20．Have you had any dealings with any of the (suspect), either personally or professionally? 二、单词拼写 21．Harry has ______ (矛盾的) feelings about his new life. He enjoys it at first but later he gets to know that the evil wizard is the one who killed his parents. 22．This ______ (发现) has opened up a whole new field of research. 23．She implied that she was the one in ________ (掌控) of the whole project. 24．He offered his assessment of the damage, which is only a __________(框架). 25．They have the confidence and ability to ________ (处理) the important matter well. 26．If possible, you should use one knife for fresh vegetable and another for ________ (生的) meat. 27．A healthy immune system helps your body fight ________ (感染) effectively. 28．The government performed well in the face of (多种多样的) ________ challenges. 29．Once you have removed the__________ (病毒) it is safe to reconnect to the Internet. 30．Every citizen has the duty to _________ (保卫) our motherland and safeguard its peace. 三、完成句子 31．仿佛到了世界末日！ _______________ the world _______________! 32．I think, this is ________________ thousands of miles here. 我想，这就是我千里迢迢来到这里的原因。 33．I do understand, and this is ________________. 我确实明白，这是因为我有一个幸福快乐的童年。 34．The cook is __________ the kitchen helper. 这位厨师负责管理厨工. 35．她认为这是彻底解决问题的最佳时机。 She thought that it was the best time to solve the problem ______________________. 36．如果人们总是长时间坐在电脑屏幕前，他们很可能会患上背部问题。 People ________________________ from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. 37．他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离。 He keeps childlike curiosity about the world, devotes himself to research, and ________________ fame and fortune. 38．他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。 He has achieved a series of ________________. 39．中国不再是过去的样子，这一点是公认的。 It’s widely ________ ________ China is no longer ________ it used to be. 40．如果你订阅这份报纸，你将会获得送货上门服务。 ____________________________________, it'll be delivered to your door. 参考答案 1．assistant 【详解】句意：此外，我英语掌握得十分熟练，因此被选为英语老师的助手。根据空格前的介词as可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语；由I am elected可知，此处指人，所以用名词assistant。 2．to blame 【详解】句意：媒体发布的这份报告揭露人为失误是这起事故的罪魁祸首。此处为固定搭配be to blame，意为“应承担责任、该受责备”，所以此处为to blame。 3．to transform 【详解】句意：据报道，经理要在明年把公司变成一个盈利的企业。结合“next year”可知，此处用固定结构be reported to do sth.表示“据报道将要做某事”，用不定式to transform表示将来动作，作主语补足语。 4．solution 【详解】句意：科学家们正努力寻找缺水问题的解决办法。不定冠词a后需接名词，solve的名词形式solution表示“解决方法”，作宾语。 5．severely 【详解】句意：她在车祸中受了重伤。修饰动词injured，应用副词severely。 6．handled 【详解】句意：这个问题如果处理得当，很快就会被解决。根据if引导的状语从句省略规则，从句主语与主句主语the problem一致且含be动词，可省略主语和be动词；handle与the problem为被动关系，用过去分词。 7．decreased 【详解】句意：新年前夜日落后，气温迅速下降。解析：此句中文意思为在新年前夜太阳落山后气温快速降低。decrease在句中作谓语，根据New Year’s Eve（新年前夜）这一过去时间，可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，decrease的过去式为decreased 。 8．gifted 【详解】考查形容词。句意：约翰·济慈被认为是英语语言中最有天赋的诗人之一，他的诗歌集中在意象、人性和哲学上。空处用于修饰名词poets，应用形容词gifted作定语，表示“有天赋的”。故填gifted。 9．substantial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管科学家们已在研究中取得重大进展，但仍需进一步证实。此处应用形容词substantial作定语，修饰名词advances，故填substantial。 10．contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们面临着两个相互矛盾的建议，所以不知道下一步该怎么做。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词suggestions，contradict的形容词形式为contradictory，意为“相互矛盾的；对立的”符合句意。故填contradictory。 11．proof 【详解】考查名词。句意：这条被污染的河流是化工厂造成环境污染的活生生的证据。空处作宾语，且被形容词living修饰，因此提示词的名词形式proof“证据”符合题意。故填proof。 12．steadily 【详解】考查副词。句意：他饮食不规律，体重持续下降。提示词修饰动词短语，用副词steadily作状语，表示“稳步地；持续地”。故填steadily。 13．mechanics 【详解】考查名词。句意：其中一名机械修理工卸下了损坏的轮胎，并把它带回维修站修补。根据句子结构及固定搭配“one of the + 可数名词复数(表示……中的一个)”可知，此空应用可数名词的复数形式。所给词mechanic意为“机械师、机械修理工”，是可数名词，其复数形式为mechanics。故填mechanics。 14．substantially 【详解】考查副词。句意：工科女生的占比已经大幅提高了。substantial是形容词，意为“大量的”。设空处应填副词，修饰has increased。故填substantially。 15．faults 【详解】考查名词。句意：有严重故障的汽车已被制造商召回。分析句子可知，空前serious为形容词，此处为名词形式，“fault”是可数名词，其复数形式为“faults”。结合句子主语“Cars”（复数，表示多辆汽车）可知，这里指“多辆汽车存在严重故障”，并非单一故障，因此需用复数形式“faults”。故填faults。 16．links 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：面部表情和情感之间可能存在哪些联系呢？link是可数名词，意为“联系”，根据“are”可知，这里应用复数形式links作主语。故填links。 17．theoretical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：现在对于市场来说，有没有关于市场结构的理论框架呢？其形容词“theoretical”在句中作定语，修饰“frameworks”。故填theoretical。 18．purer 【详解】考查比较级。句意：所以，越是无私的爱，就越伟大、越纯洁、也越成熟。根据上文greater以及后文more mature可知应用比较级。故填purer。 19．more abstract 【详解】考查比较级。句意：2007年的那个项目比我所参与的大多数项目都要抽象一些。根据后文than可知为比较关系，在前面加more，构成比较级。故填more abstract。 20．suspects 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：你和任何嫌疑人有过私人或工作上的往来吗？suspect意为“嫌疑犯”，是可数名词，不止一个，因此用复数，故填suspects。 21．contradictory 【详解】句意：Harry对他的新生活有矛盾的感觉。一开始他很享受，但后来他才知道是那个邪恶的巫师杀死了他的父母。根据汉语提示可知，此处为形容词contradictory“矛盾的”，作定语，修饰名词feelings。 22．discovery 【详解】句意：这一发现开辟了一个全新的研究领域。This修饰所填词共同作主语，谓语has opened是第三人称单数形式，该词要用单数名词；“发现”对应的单数名词为discovery，符合题干要求。 23． charge 【详解】句意：她暗示她就是掌控整个项目的那个人。“掌控”是名词charge，in charge of是固定短语，意为“负责，掌管”。 24．framework 【详解】考查名词。句意：他给出了损坏的评估，这仅是一个框架。冠词修饰名词，故填framework。 25．handle 【详解】句意：他们有信心和能力处理好这件重要的事情。空处位于不定式符号to后，应用动词原形；根据汉语提示“处理”，结合语境可知应填handle，handle the important matter表示“处理这件重要的事情”。 26．raw 【详解】句意：如果可能的话，你应该用一把刀切新鲜蔬菜，另一把刀切生肉。 根据汉语提示“生的”可知，空处应填形容词raw，修饰名词meat。raw meat​是英语中描述未经烹饪的肉类的固定搭配。 27．infections 【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的免疫系统帮助你的身体有效对抗感染。根据汉语提示“感染”可知，此处应填名词infection，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式 infections，作宾语。故填infections。 28．multiple 【详解】考查形容词。句意：面对多种多样的挑战，政府表现出色。根据汉语提示“多种多样的”可知，空格处应填形容词multiple，作定语修饰名词challenges，表示“多种多样的挑战”。故填multiple。 29．virus 【详解】考查名词。句意：一旦你清除了病毒，就可以安全地重新连接互联网。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词“virus病毒”在句中作宾语。故填virus。 30．defend 【详解】考查动词。句意：每个公民都有保卫祖国、维护和平的义务。空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是defend意为“保卫”。故填defend。 31． It seemed as if were at an end 【详解】根据句意，第一空表示“仿佛”用固定句型It seemed as if，as if引导表语从句；主句为一般过去时，as if从句使用虚拟语气，be动词统一用were；表示“末日”为固定短语at an end作表语，因此第一空为It seemed as if，第二空为were at an end。 32．why I’ve travelled 【详解】is后是表语从句，表示“原因”，用连接词why。“千里迢迢来到”表达为travelled thousands of miles。强调动作带来当下结果，使用现在完成时I’ve travelled。 33．because I had a happy and joyful childhood 【详解】所填内容“因为我有一个幸福快乐的童年”处理为because引导的表语从句，从句主语是I，表示“有”用have，“有幸福快乐的童年”是过去的事情，have用过去式had，宾语“一个幸福快乐的童年”用a happy and joyful childhood。 34．in charge of 【详解】句意：这位厨师负责管理厨工。in charge of为固定短语，意为“负责；主管” ，在句中作表语。 35．once and for all 【详解】考查固定短语。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“彻底”，故用固定短语once and for all。故填once and for all。 36．are likely to suffer 【详解】考查固定搭配。空格处作谓语，根据句意“可能”是固定搭配be likely to do sth.，本句陈述的是客观事实应用一般现在时are likely to，表示“遭受”应用动词suffer。故填are likely to suffer。 37．keeps his distance from 【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。keep one’s distance from意为“与……保持距离”。and连接三个并列的谓语，根据句中的keeps和devotes可知，空处应用一般现在时，谓语用单数形式，和主语He保持一致。故填keeps his distance from。 38．significant research results 【详解】考查形容词和名词。“有重要意义的”可表示为significant，在句中作定语；“研究成果”可表示为research result，result为可数名词，其前有a series of修饰，所以应用名词复数。故填significant research results。 39． recognized/recognised that what 【详解】考查固定句型和表语从句。对比中英文可知，第一、二空表示“公认的”，结合It’s widely可推知，应用固定句型It’s widely recognized/recognised that，其中It为形式主语，that引导的名词性从句为真正的主语；第三空表示“……的样子”，结合空后it used to be可知，应用what引导名词性从句作句子的表语，what在从句中作表语。故填①recognized/recognised；②that；③what。 40．If you subscribe to the newspaper 【详解】考查条件状语，动词，名词。句意：如果你订阅这份报纸, 你将会获得送货上门服务。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需使用if引导条件状语从句，“if”意为“如果”，“你”英语表达为“you”，“订阅”英语表达为“subscribe”，subscribe为不及物动词，因此需要使用介词再接宾语，即“subscribe to”，“报纸”英语表达为“newspaper”，因此if引导的条件状语从句可表达为“if you subscribe to the newspaper”。故填If you subscribe to the newspaper。 四、语法填空 （25-26高二下·河北保定·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Chinese research team has recently made a breakthrough in developing “long-lifespan rice” by identifying the key gene (基因) and mechanism that enable wild rice 1 (harvest) multiple times, and has successfully introduced this gene into a cultivated (栽培) rice variety. This latest 2 (achieve) has been published in the international academic journal Science. According to 3 paper, the Chinese team identifies two genes that help the wild rice Oryza rufipogon grow well year after year by adding these genes to the cultivated rice O. sativa, which gave it a key perennial trait (多年生特性): the ability to stop flowering and resume vegetative growth, instead 4 dying off after flowering as annual plants 5 (general) do. Experts say that while the genetic basis of rice longevity 6 (reveal) so far, the research remains largely at a fundamental stage. 7 (system) evaluations of yield, taste, and other characteristics have yet to be completed. Overall, the new rice is not intended to replace existing high-yield varieties, 8 rather to serve as an addition to current farming systems. Still, experts say that “longevity rice” shows potential in low-productivity areas such as sloped farmland and hilly regions, 9 the planting conditions are challenging but its characteristic could reduce labor input and help conserve soil, 10 (offer) distinct ecological and economic value. 【答案】 1．to be harvested 2．achievement 3．the 4．of 5．generally 6．has been revealed 7．Systematic 8．but 9．where 10．offering 【导语】本文主要介绍中国研究团队在培育多年生“长寿水稻”过程中取得的基因研究突破，说明了该研究的发展现状、定位和应用价值。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国一支研究团队近期在培育“长寿稻”方面取得突破，他们找到了能让野生水稻多次收割的关键基因与作用机制，并已成功将该基因导入一种栽培水稻品种。“enable sb. /sth. to do sth. ”意为“使得某人或某物能够做某事”，宾语wild rice与动词harvest之间是逻辑上的被动关系，此处用不定式的被动式to be harvested作宾语补足语。 2．考查名词。句意：这一最新研究成果已发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。此处指“研究成果”，作句子主语，谓语部分为has been published，前有单数指示代词This修饰，用单数名词，故用所给动词的名词achievement。 3．考查冠词。句意：根据该论文所述，这支中国科研团队找到了两种可使普通野生稻年年正常生长的基因，研究人员将这两种基因导入栽培稻后，栽培稻便获得了一项核心多年生特性：能够停止开花并恢复营养生长，而非像一年生植物通常那样，开花后就枯萎死亡。此处特指上文提到发表在《科学》上的那篇论文，用定冠词the。 4．考查介词。句意同上。instead of为固定介词短语，意为“而不是”，后接动名词dying off作宾语，此空填of。 5．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰从句谓语动词do（代指die off），用副词generally作状语。 6．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：专家表示，虽然水稻长寿性的遗传基础迄今已被揭示，但这项研究在很大程度上仍处于基础阶段。根据时间状语so far可知，此处用现在完成时，主语the genetic basis of rice longevity与动词reveal是被动关系，主语为单数，用现在完成时的被动语态has been revealed。 7．考查形容词。句意：针对产量、口感及其他性状的系统性评估尚未完成。修饰名词evaluations需要用形容词；system是名词，其形容词形式为systematic，句首单词首字母大写。 8．考查并列连词固定结构。 句意：总体而言，这种新型水稻并非要取代现有的高产品种，而是作为现有耕作体系的补充。 固定结构not...but rather... 意为 “不是…… 而是……”，此空填连词but。 9．考查定语从句。句意：尽管如此，专家表示，“长寿稻” 在坡耕地、丘陵等低产区域具备发展潜力。这类地区种植条件艰苦，但该水稻品种的特性能够减少人力投入、助力水土保持，带来显著的生态与经济双重效益。该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为low-productivity areas，表地点，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。offer在句中作非谓语动词，动词offer与其逻辑主语（即空前的一整句话）之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式offering作状语。 五、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·四川乐山·期末）For years, robotics scientist Sthithpragya Gupta has dreamed of a robot that could make him a coffee — one that would respond to simple voice commands like “a little bit of sugar, a bit more creamer.” A long-standing problem, however, is that robots cannot handle tasks beyond their specific programming. Gupta uses a tennis example to illustrate the issue: while a robot can perfectly repeat a backhand shot again and again, it all falls apart when conditions change — for example, the opponent moves or the light shifts. Humans adjust effortlessly, but teaching this adaptability to robots has proven profoundly difficult. Now, Gupta and his colleagues have demonstrated a new way of teaching robots. The approach relies on kinematic intelligence — a robot’s built-in awareness of how its own body can move safely through space. In a video demonstrating their technology, accompanied with other programming, robots watch as a human instructor throws a ball into a small container. The robots then pick up the ball and copy the instructor’s behavior, adjusting for their own positions and bodies. Robots are then capable of transferring these skills and knowledge to other robots. “It could be a turning point,” says Robert Platt, a robotics researcher. Platt, who called the work a “breakthrough,” noted that the field of robotics is not widely — agreed belief of creating effective robots through machine learning — but that most agree the problem these researchers are tackling is a critical one. “More people may do this in the future,” he said. Platt was hesitant to forecast any particular timeline for robots becoming widespread household accessories (家庭用品). “We’re at a point of very fast change,” he notes. “Part of the reason why I hesitate to make predictions — look what happened with large language models,” he says, referring to generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT that has been widely adopted. “We were a long way away and then all of a sudden — we weren’t.” 1．What is the long-standing problem for robots? A．They cannot understand voice commands. B．They lack the flexibility to handle changes. C．They are programmed with simple instructions. D．They learn sports skills much slower than humans. 2．What is “kinematic intelligence”? A．A natural sense of movement. B．An ability to behave as programmed. C．A new way to show technology’s power. D．A skill of transferring knowledge to others. 3．Why does Platt mention ChatGPT? A．To stress the importance of machine learning. B．To remind that the predictions about robots often fail. C．To suggest home robots may arrive sooner than expected. D．To prove robotics may use AI chatbots to make improvement. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．An Approach to Creating Moving Robots B．An Outburst of Robots’ Language Ability C．A Way of Designing Self-minded Robots D．A Breakthrough in Robots’ Adaptability 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】主要介绍科研人员研发出赋予机器人环境适应能力的新方法，该突破获得业内研究者高度评价。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A long-standing problem, however, is that robots cannot handle tasks beyond their specific programming. Gupta uses a tennis example to illustrate the issue: while a robot can perfectly repeat a backhand shot again and again, it all falls apart when conditions change — for example, the opponent moves or the light shifts.(然而一个长期存在的难题是机器人无法处理自身特定编程以外的任务。古普塔用网球举例说明这个问题：机器人可以一遍又一遍完美重复反手击球，但环境一旦改变，比如对手移动、光线变化，动作就完全失效。)”可知，机器人长期存在的问题是无法应对环境变化，缺少灵活应变能力。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的 “The approach relies on kinematic intelligence — a robot’s built-in awareness of how its own body can move safely through space.(这种方法依靠kinematic intelligence —— 机器人内置的、知晓自身躯体如何在空间内安全移动的感知能力。)”可知，后文对该短语进行完整释义，说明它是机器人自带的躯体运动感知能力，因此，画线短语指代 “A natural sense of movement” 符合语境。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Platt was hesitant to forecast any particular timeline for robots becoming widespread household accessories (家庭用品). “We’re at a point of very fast change,” he notes. “Part of the reason why I hesitate to make predictions — look what happened with large language models,” he says, referring to generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT that has been widely adopted. “We were a long way away and then all of a sudden — we weren’t.”(普拉特对预测机器人成为普及家居用品的具体时间线持犹豫态度。“我们正处在变化速度极快的阶段，”他指出。“我不愿做出预判的部分原因——看看大语言模型身上发生了什么，”他说道，这里指的是诸如ChatGPT这类已被广泛使用的生成式AI聊天机器人。“我们原本还相距甚远，可忽然之间——距离就不复存在了。”)”可知，他提及ChatGPT是为说明家用机器人或许会比预想中更快普及。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先指出机器人缺乏环境适应性的固有难题，再介绍古普塔团队研发出能让机器人自主调整动作、复制并传递技能的全新方法，业内研究者称其为突破性成果，核心围绕机器人适应性技术突破展开，所以 “机器人适应性领域的一项突破”完整概括文章核心内容，适合作为标题。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $