Unit 3 Food and Culture（复习讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语单元复习讲义以“饮食与文化”为主题构建知识体系，通过表格清晰梳理复习要点与重难点，用时间轴直观解析过去完成时“过去的过去”核心逻辑，词汇按“词性转换-固定搭配-基础/提升练习”分层呈现，形成词汇、语法与文化主题的紧密联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，如单词部分“先练基础”（单句语法填空）与“再练提升”（完成句子）结合，培养语言运用能力，语法通过固定句型实例（如hardly...when...）提升思维品质，助力不同层次学生巩固基础或拓展能力，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供系统支持。

Unit 3 Food and Culture（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握饮食与文化话题相关词汇与固定短语，熟记单词词性转换、名词复数、动词变形。 2. 熟练运用过去完成时以及过去完成时的被动语态，理解时态表示“过去的过去”的核心含义。 3. 掌握两种时态对应的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句型结构。 4. 能够运用句型谈论各地美食、饮食习俗、饮食文化，可阅读和写作介绍特色饮食与饮食文化的短文。 复习重难点 重点：过去完成时、过去完成时被动语态结构；饮食文化主题常用短语；核心单词词形转换。 难点：准确判断“过去的过去”时间逻辑；区分一般过去时与过去完成时；写作结合时间脉络介绍饮食发展，合理使用时态。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：prior adj. 先前的；优先的 变形：priority n. 优先事项；优先权 【固定搭配】 ①prior to 在……之前 ②give priority to 优先考虑 ③top priority 首要任务 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Prior __________ discussion, we need to collect enough data. (2)Safety should be our highest __________(prior). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)所有申请必须在截止日期前提交。(prior) All applications must be handed in __________ __________ the deadline. 知识点2：consist v. 由……组成；存在于 变形：consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的；consistency n. 一致性 【固定搭配】 ①consist of 由……组成（无被动语态） ②consist in 在于 ③be consistent with 与……一致 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)The committee consists __________ five experienced experts. (2)His action is not __________(consist) with his promise. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这个课程由线上学习和线下实践两部分组成。(consist) This course __________ __________ online study and offline practice. 知识点3：exceptional adj. 杰出的；罕见的；例外的 变形：exception n. 例外；except prep. 除……之外 【固定搭配】 ①without exception 毫无例外 ②make an exception 破例 ③exceptional talent 出众的天赋 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)He has __________(exception) ability in logical thinking. (2)Everyone must follow the rule, without __________(except). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)毫无例外，所有学生都需要参加这次测试。 All students need to take the test, _________________________. 知识点4：minimum adj. & n. 最低限度；最小值 变形：minimize v. 使最小化；反义词 maximum n. & adj. 最大值（最高的） 【固定搭配】 ①a minimum of 至少；最少 ②minimum standard 最低标准 ③minimize risks 降低风险 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)You need to spend a __________(minimize) of two hours on this task. (2)We should take measures __________(minimize) possible losses. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)申请这份工作至少需要两年相关工作经验。(minimum) Applying for the job requires __________ __________ __________ two years of relevant experience. 知识点5：consume v. 消耗；消费；吃/喝 变形：consumption n. 消耗；消费；consumer n. 消费者 【固定搭配】 ①consume energy 消耗能源 ②consumer demand 消费者需求 ③energy consumption 能源消耗 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Cars consume large amounts __________ fossil fuels every year. (2)The __________(consume) of sugar will affect your health. (3)We should protect the legal rights of __________(consume). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)发达国家消耗了世界上大部分能源。 Developed countries ____________________________ . 知识点6：association n. 协会；联系；关联 变形：associate v. 联系；联想；associated adj. 有关联的 【固定搭配】 ①associate A with B 把A和B联系起来 ②be associated with 与……有关 ③in association with 与……合作 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)People often associate spring __________ hope. (2)There is a close __________(associate) between stress and illness. (3)The disease is closely __________(associate) with diet. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这家机构与当地医院合作开展这项研究。(association) The organization carries out the research __________ __________ __________ local hospitals. 知识点7：regardless adv. 不管；不顾 【固定搭配】 ①regardless of 不管；不顾 【拓展短语】 in spite of 尽管；despite 不管；不论 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)He will carry on the plan regardless __________ all the difficulties. (2)In spite __________ the bad weather, they set off on time. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)不论年龄大小，任何人都可以参加这项活动。(regardless) Anyone can take part in the activity, __________ __________ age. 知识点8：quantity n. 数量 变形：quantify v. 量化；quantitative adj. 数量的；定量的 【固定搭配】 ①a large quantity of / large quantities of 大量的 ②in quantity 大量地 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Large __________(quantity) of clean water are needed in this area. (2)It is hard __________(quantify) the influence of the policy. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)大量的垃圾对河流造成了严重污染。(quantity) __________ __________ __________ rubbish has seriously polluted the river. 知识点9：fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的 n. 基本原理 变形：fundamentally adv. 根本地；从根本上 【固定搭配】 ①be fundamental to 对……至关重要 ②fundamental difference 根本差异 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Trust is fundamental __________ any long-term relationship. (2)The two opinions are __________(fundamental) different. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)均衡饮食对身体健康至关重要。(fundamental) A balanced diet __________ __________ __________ physical health. 单元语法：过去完成时及其被动语态 过去完成时 一、核心概念： 过去完成时的核心精髓就是四个字：“过去的过去”。 它表示一个动作或状态在过去某一特定时间点或另一个过去动作之前已经发生或完成。 为了更好地理解，我们可以看下面这个时间轴： [ 动作A完成 ] [ 过去时间点/动作B ] [ 现在 ] 过去 ----------------|-------------------------------|-----------------> 时间 (过去完成时) (一般过去时) 动作A：使用过去完成时（had done），它发生得更早。 动作B：使用一般过去时（did），它是那个“过去的”参照点。 二、基本用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that)．..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 另：当从句由after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived，he called her. 他到达时，给她打了电话。 They locked the door before they left. 在离开前，他们把门锁上了。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．I (intend)to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so. 2．The group (consist) of ten doctors who specialize in surgery will set off tomorrow. 3．Please give me three (slice) of bread. I’m really hungry. 4．He told me that his new novel (publish) already. 5．Eating too much junk food (associate) with an increased risk of heart disease. 6．My grandmother insisted that we should eat the meal in (moderate), neither overeating nor starving. 7．The new policy will be (benefit) to the development of the local food industry. 8．He (arrive) home, but someone had broken into it. 9．All the evidence showed that the fire (cause) by a broken wire. 10．He told me that he (know) her since he was a child. 11．Pang was born into a family facing (exception) challenges. 12． (quantity) of fireworks were set off to welcome the new year. 13．The population of this city is five times (large) than that of the nearby town. 14．Jimmy and his partner danced (elegant) around the room. 15．Try to replace (dessert) by your favourite fresh fruits after meals. 16．He must store a large quantity of grain instead of (consume) all his grain immediately. 17．Most (chef) cut through this and turn the oyster over but I prefer to leave this to the customer. 18．All the drawers were (stuff) full of letters and papers. 19．I made up my mind that I would be the (modest) of all. 20．That big companies have misused users’ private information by sharing it with (advertise) is illegal. 二、单词拼写 21．Everything had been ________ (安排) very well before the ceremony began. 22．Addicted to studying the new ________ (烹饪法), he didn’t notice the night approaching. 23．British people eat lots of ____________ (甜点) after their main meal while Chinese people drink some tea. 24．But St Mary had _______(任命) a captain who was not a typical basketball player. 25．________ (先前的) to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 26．She lost her __________ (脾气) with a customer and shouted at him. 27．We wanted to soften the light without destroying the __________ (整体的) effect of space. 28．The biggest question, however, is whether this period of ________ (稳定的) growth can last. 29．Why are some________ (品牌) more popular than others even if the products are of similar quality? 30．AI can be used to promote ________ (基础的) skills, such as mathematical education and vocabulary lessons. 三、完成句子 31．他们的钱用光了，不得不放弃这个项目。 Their money ___________________ and they had to abandon the project. 32．在我们搬到这个城市之前，我们就已经听说过它的公园非常美丽。 ________ ________ moving to this city, we had already heard that its parks were very beautiful. 33．我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不论年龄、性别或教育背景。 Our club is open to everyone _________________________________________________. 34．在南京，每年消耗大量的鸭子。 ________________ducks are consumed in Nanjing every year. 35．为了挣钱，这里的农民种植被称为花生的作物。 To make money, farmers here ________________________. 36．他们证实了生产成本已经降低。 They confirmed that production costs ____________________. 37．她说她从未被给予过这样一个具有挑战性的任务。 She said that she ________________ such a challenging task. 38．当我们到家的时候他已经走了。 He had left ________________we reached home. 39．不是我们做多少事情而是我们对我们所做的事投入多少爱，这对我们的工作最有益。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into ________________ that benefits our work most. 40．这是他第三次呼叫紧急服务。 It was the third time that ____________________. 四、语法填空 （2026·广西·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When the weather gets cold in northern China, you’ll see a lot of vendors (小贩) selling a delicious traditional delicacy — Bing Tang Hu Lu, or Tanghulu 1 short. This snack, which originated in Beijing and Tianjin, traditionally 2 (consist) of hawthorn (山楂) fruit coated in hard candy 3 skewed (用扦子串起来) on a bamboo stick. The story begins with a beautiful Chinese woman. The favorite concubine (妃子) of the Song Emperor Guangzong (1147 — 1200) fell seriously ill. No court doctor was able to cure her. 4 (help), the emperor issued an appeal for doctors from the ordinary people to come forward to help. A country doctor recommended eating red hawthorn fruit fried in brown sugar, 5 turned out to be effective. Thus, sugar-coated hawthorn fruit became the favorite sugary snack of the Chinese imperial family, and court chefs were assigned 6 (supply) it on a regular basis. After having been reserved for the 7 (noble) during the last imperial dynasty, the sticky delicacy 8 (become) widely popular among ordinary people in more recent times. The round and red fruit was seen as good luck, symbolizing togetherness. With time 9 (pass) by, it was believed that the snack brought good luck and wealth, hence its popularity at family 10 (celebration) and large meals. So, what could possibly stop you from giving it a try? 五、阅读理解（25-26高二下·宁夏银川·期末）It’s not what you would consider to be a healthy drink. But research suggests drinking beer can actually lower your blood pressure and reduce your weight. Xanthohumol (黄腐酚), contained in beer, could reduce damage done by high-fat diets, scientists claim. Such diets lead to a series of conditions including obesity, high blood pressure and blood sugar. But trials on mice fed with high-fat foods showed that giving them beer could curb some of the conditions. Figures suggest a quarter of adults in the UK suffer from metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征), and around 35 percent of Americans are believed to have it. It puts you at greater risk of developing heart disease — the world’s leading killer — but it can be changed by making healthy lifestyle changes. Scientists at Oregon State University made the conclusion after testing xanthohumol (XN) on obese mice. The findings back up previous research that has suggested the compounds could be used in future to treat metabolic syndrome. And they offer fresh hope for fighting metabolic syndrome, because they cause no potential side effects unlike compounds under current tests. Xanthohumol is known to transform into 8-PN, and researchers have long been criticized for the side effects. Professor Fred Stevens, lead author, said, “If someone took XN over longer periods of time, it could lead to side effects, potentially.” But Professor Stevens said they came across the “solution to the problem” by adding water to XN — which stopped the creation of 8-PN. And various tests on mice, published in the journal Scientific Reports, showed the derivatives worked but caused no harm. High-fat diets also lead to memory loss — but the compounds allowed mice to keep their learning, the researchers found. 1．What does the research mentioned in the first paragraph find? A．Beer is in a way good for people’s health. B．Beer is totally harmful to people’s health. C．High-fat diets are very popular with people. D．High-fat diets can lower people’s blood pressure. 2．What does the underlined word “curb” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Increase. B．Control. C．Cause. D．Continue. 3．How did scientists at Oregon State University draw their conclusion? A．They studied some normal mice. B．They compared the results of different studies. C．They observed some patients with heart disease. D．They conducted tests on some overweight mice. 4．Which of the following can solve the side effects of XN? A．Keeping learning. B．Doing more tests on mice. C．Adding some water to XN. D．Drinking more beer if possible. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Food and Culture（复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 掌握饮食与文化话题相关词汇与固定短语，熟记单词词性转换、名词复数、动词变形。 2. 熟练运用过去完成时以及过去完成时的被动语态，理解时态表示“过去的过去”的核心含义。 3. 掌握两种时态对应的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句型结构。 4. 能够运用句型谈论各地美食、饮食习俗、饮食文化，可阅读和写作介绍特色饮食与饮食文化的短文。 复习重难点 重点：过去完成时、过去完成时被动语态结构；饮食文化主题常用短语；核心单词词形转换。 难点：准确判断“过去的过去”时间逻辑；区分一般过去时与过去完成时；写作结合时间脉络介绍饮食发展，合理使用时态。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：prior adj. 先前的；优先的 变形：priority n. 优先事项；优先权 【固定搭配】 ①prior to 在……之前 ②give priority to 优先考虑 ③top priority 首要任务 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Prior __________ discussion, we need to collect enough data. (2)Safety should be our highest __________(prior). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)所有申请必须在截止日期前提交。(prior) All applications must be handed in __________ __________ the deadline. 【答案】1.to 2.priority；(1)prior to 知识点2：consist v. 由……组成；存在于 变形：consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的；consistency n. 一致性 【固定搭配】 ①consist of 由……组成（无被动语态） ②consist in 在于 ③be consistent with 与……一致 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)The committee consists __________ five experienced experts. (2)His action is not __________(consist) with his promise. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这个课程由线上学习和线下实践两部分组成。(consist) This course __________ __________ online study and offline practice. 【答案】1.of 2.consistent；(1)consists of 知识点3：exceptional adj. 杰出的；罕见的；例外的 变形：exception n. 例外；except prep. 除……之外 【固定搭配】 ①without exception 毫无例外 ②make an exception 破例 ③exceptional talent 出众的天赋 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)He has __________(exception) ability in logical thinking. (2)Everyone must follow the rule, without __________(except). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)毫无例外，所有学生都需要参加这次测试。 All students need to take the test, _________________________. 【答案】1.exceptional 2.exception；(1)without exception 知识点4：minimum adj. & n. 最低限度；最小值 变形：minimize v. 使最小化；反义词 maximum n. & adj. 最大值（最高的） 【固定搭配】 ①a minimum of 至少；最少 ②minimum standard 最低标准 ③minimize risks 降低风险 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)You need to spend a __________(minimize) of two hours on this task. (2)We should take measures __________(minimize) possible losses. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)申请这份工作至少需要两年相关工作经验。(minimum) Applying for the job requires __________ __________ __________ two years of relevant experience. 【答案】1.minimum 2.to minimize；(1)a minimum of 知识点5：consume v. 消耗；消费；吃/喝 变形：consumption n. 消耗；消费；consumer n. 消费者 【固定搭配】 ①consume energy 消耗能源 ②consumer demand 消费者需求 ③energy consumption 能源消耗 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Cars consume large amounts __________ fossil fuels every year. (2)The __________(consume) of sugar will affect your health. (3)We should protect the legal rights of __________(consume). 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)发达国家消耗了世界上大部分能源。 Developed countries ____________________________ . 【答案】1.of 2.consumption 3.consumers；(1)consume most of the world’s energy 知识点6：association n. 协会；联系；关联 变形：associate v. 联系；联想；associated adj. 有关联的 【固定搭配】 ①associate A with B 把A和B联系起来 ②be associated with 与……有关 ③in association with 与……合作 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)People often associate spring __________ hope. (2)There is a close __________(associate) between stress and illness. (3)The disease is closely __________(associate) with diet. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)这家机构与当地医院合作开展这项研究。(association) The organization carries out the research __________ __________ __________ local hospitals. 【答案】1.with 2.association 3.associated；(1)in association with 知识点7：regardless adv. 不管；不顾 【固定搭配】 ①regardless of 不管；不顾 【拓展短语】 in spite of 尽管；despite 不管；不论 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)He will carry on the plan regardless __________ all the difficulties. (2)In spite __________ the bad weather, they set off on time. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)不论年龄大小，任何人都可以参加这项活动。(regardless) Anyone can take part in the activity, __________ __________ age. 【答案】1.of 2.of；(1)regardless of 知识点8：quantity n. 数量 变形：quantify v. 量化；quantitative adj. 数量的；定量的 【固定搭配】 ①a large quantity of / large quantities of 大量的 ②in quantity 大量地 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Large __________(quantity) of clean water are needed in this area. (2)It is hard __________(quantify) the influence of the policy. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)大量的垃圾对河流造成了严重污染。(quantity) __________ __________ __________ rubbish has seriously polluted the river. 【答案】1.quantities 2.to quantify；(1)Large quantities of 知识点9：fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的 n. 基本原理 变形：fundamentally adv. 根本地；从根本上 【固定搭配】 ①be fundamental to 对……至关重要 ②fundamental difference 根本差异 【先练基础】——单句语法填空 (1)Trust is fundamental __________ any long-term relationship. (2)The two opinions are __________(fundamental) different. 【再练提升】——完成句子 (1)均衡饮食对身体健康至关重要。(fundamental) A balanced diet __________ __________ __________ physical health. 【答案】1.to 2.fundamentally；(1)is fundamental to 单元语法：过去完成时及其被动语态 过去完成时 一、核心概念： 过去完成时的核心精髓就是四个字：“过去的过去”。 它表示一个动作或状态在过去某一特定时间点或另一个过去动作之前已经发生或完成。 为了更好地理解，我们可以看下面这个时间轴： [ 动作A完成 ] [ 过去时间点/动作B ] [ 现在 ] 过去 ----------------|-------------------------------|-----------------> 时间 (过去完成时) (一般过去时) 动作A：使用过去完成时（had done），它发生得更早。 动作B：使用一般过去时（did），它是那个“过去的”参照点。 二、基本用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that)．..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 另：当从句由after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived，he called her. 他到达时，给她打了电话。 They locked the door before they left. 在离开前，他们把门锁上了。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 （时间：30分钟） 一、单句语法填空 1．I (intend)to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so. 2．The group (consist) of ten doctors who specialize in surgery will set off tomorrow. 3．Please give me three (slice) of bread. I’m really hungry. 4．He told me that his new novel (publish) already. 5．Eating too much junk food (associate) with an increased risk of heart disease. 6．My grandmother insisted that we should eat the meal in (moderate), neither overeating nor starving. 7．The new policy will be (benefit) to the development of the local food industry. 8．He (arrive) home, but someone had broken into it. 9．All the evidence showed that the fire (cause) by a broken wire. 10．He told me that he (know) her since he was a child. 11．Pang was born into a family facing (exception) challenges. 12． (quantity) of fireworks were set off to welcome the new year. 13．The population of this city is five times (large) than that of the nearby town. 14．Jimmy and his partner danced (elegant) around the room. 15．Try to replace (dessert) by your favourite fresh fruits after meals. 16．He must store a large quantity of grain instead of (consume) all his grain immediately. 17．Most (chef) cut through this and turn the oyster over but I prefer to leave this to the customer. 18．All the drawers were (stuff) full of letters and papers. 19．I made up my mind that I would be the (modest) of all. 20．That big companies have misused users’ private information by sharing it with (advertise) is illegal. 二、单词拼写 21．Everything had been ________ (安排) very well before the ceremony began. 22．Addicted to studying the new ________ (烹饪法), he didn’t notice the night approaching. 23．British people eat lots of ____________ (甜点) after their main meal while Chinese people drink some tea. 24．But St Mary had _______(任命) a captain who was not a typical basketball player. 25．________ (先前的) to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 26．She lost her __________ (脾气) with a customer and shouted at him. 27．We wanted to soften the light without destroying the __________ (整体的) effect of space. 28．The biggest question, however, is whether this period of ________ (稳定的) growth can last. 29．Why are some________ (品牌) more popular than others even if the products are of similar quality? 30．AI can be used to promote ________ (基础的) skills, such as mathematical education and vocabulary lessons. 三、完成句子 31．他们的钱用光了，不得不放弃这个项目。 Their money ___________________ and they had to abandon the project. 32．在我们搬到这个城市之前，我们就已经听说过它的公园非常美丽。 ________ ________ moving to this city, we had already heard that its parks were very beautiful. 33．我们的俱乐部对所有人开放，不论年龄、性别或教育背景。 Our club is open to everyone _________________________________________________. 34．在南京，每年消耗大量的鸭子。 ________________ducks are consumed in Nanjing every year. 35．为了挣钱，这里的农民种植被称为花生的作物。 To make money, farmers here ________________________. 36．他们证实了生产成本已经降低。 They confirmed that production costs ____________________. 37．她说她从未被给予过这样一个具有挑战性的任务。 She said that she ________________ such a challenging task. 38．当我们到家的时候他已经走了。 He had left ________________we reached home. 39．不是我们做多少事情而是我们对我们所做的事投入多少爱，这对我们的工作最有益。 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into ________________ that benefits our work most. 40．这是他第三次呼叫紧急服务。 It was the third time that ____________________. 参考答案 1．had intended 【详解】句意：我本打算过来看你，但被阻拦了未能成行。根据后文was prevented可知，此处描述过去的情况，使用had intended to do sth.，表示“本打算做某事（却未做成）”。 2．consisting 【详解】句意：这支由十名外科医生组成的团队将于明天启程。主句中已有谓语will set off，空处应填非谓语动词。consist of“由……组成”没有被动形式，应用现在分词作后置定语修饰The group。 3．slices 【详解】句意：请给我三片面包。我真的很饿。根据“three”可知，名词用复数形式，slice的复数是slices。 4．had been published 【详解】句意：他告诉我他的新小说早已出版了。主句时态told 为一般过去时，宾语从句动作publish发生在told之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时；novel和publish是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态：had been + 过去分词；publish过去分词为published。 5．is associated 【详解】句意：过量食用垃圾食品和心脏病风险升高存在关联。固定搭配be associated with表示“与……相关联”，且动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，be动词用is。 6．moderation 【详解】句意：奶奶坚持我们吃饭要适量，既不要暴饮暴食，也不要饿肚子。in moderation是固定短语，表示“适度，适量”。 7．beneficial 【详解】句意：新政策将有利于本地食品产业的发展。作表语，用形容词beneficial。 8．arrived 【详解】句意：他刚到家，但此前已经有人破门闯入过这里。根据“到家”的动作发生在“有人破门闯入”之后，arrive用一般过去时。 9．had been caused 【详解】句意：所有证据表明这场火灾是由一根断电线引起的。根据“showed”（一般过去时）可知，“火灾被引起”发生在“证据表明”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时；主语the fire与动词cause之间为被动关系，即“火灾被引起”，应用被动语态；过去完成时的被动语态基本形式：主语+had+been+过去分词；cause的过去分词为caused。 10．had known 【详解】句意：他告诉我，他从小就认识她。空处为宾语从句的谓语，know发生在told之前，表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时had known。 11．exceptional 【详解】句意：Pang出生在一个面临特殊挑战的家庭。形容词修饰名词challenges，exception的形容词形式为 exceptional，意为“特殊的、不寻常的”。 12．Quantities 【详解】考查名词短语及主谓一致。句意：大量的烟花被燃放来迎接新年。“quantities of + 名词”表示“大量的……”，此时谓语动词用复数形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Quantities。 13．larger 【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：这个城市的人口是附近城镇人口的五倍。此处为倍数表达中的一种：主语+be+倍数+比较级+than+比较对象，large的比较级为larger。故填larger。 14．elegantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：吉米和他的舞伴在房间里优雅地跳舞。分析句子结构可知，此空应用副词修饰动词danced，作状语。所给词elegant是形容词，意为“优雅的”。其副词形式为elegantly，意为“优雅地”。故填elegantly。 15．desserts 【详解】考查名词。句意：饭后尽量用你最喜欢的新鲜水果代替甜点。所给词dessert意为“甜点”，既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。replace是动词，意为“代替”。根据句意可知，此处是指别再吃你以前吃的各类甜点了，换水果吧。此处是泛指各种各样的甜点，应用复数形式，且后文 fresh fruits也用的复数，表泛指多种水果。dessert的复数形式为desserts。故填desserts。 16．consuming 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他必须储存大量的粮食，而不是立即消耗掉所有的粮食。介词of后应用动名词形式作其宾语。故填consuming。 17．chefs 【详解】考查名词。句意：大多数厨师会切开这个部分并把牡蛎翻过来，但我更愿意把这个步骤留给顾客。根据所给词“chef (厨师，可数名词)”、空前限定词“Most (大多数，后接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词)”以及“cut... and turn... (切……翻……)”可知，此空应用名词复数形式。chef的复数形式是chefs。故填chefs。 18．stuffed 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：所有的抽屉都塞满了信件和文件。抽屉是被塞满信件，句子用被动语态，空前是were，空格处用过去分词。故填stuffed。 19．most modest 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我下定决心要成为所有人中最谦逊的人。根据所给词“modest (谦逊的，形容词)”以及句中范围限定词“of all (在所有人中)”可知，此处应是形容词的最高级形式，表示在多个对象中进行比较，强调“最……”。modest是多音节形容词，其最高级形式是the most modest，空前已有the。故填most modest。 20．advertisers 【详解】考查名词。句意：大公司通过与广告商共享用户的私人信息来滥用这些信息，这种行为是违法的。所给词“advertise”是动词，意为“做广告；宣传”。句中“with”为介词，后需接名词作宾语，结合语境“与……共享信息”，此处应表示“广告商”，对应的名词是“advertiser”。由于“advertiser”是可数名词，且此处表示一类人（并非单个广告商），因此用复数形式。故填advertisers。 21．arranged 【详解】句意：仪式开始前，一切都安排得很好。“安排”为动词arrange，主语Everything与arrange是被动关系，此空填过去分词arranged，和had been一起构成过去完成时的被动语态。 22．recipe 【详解】句意：沉迷于研究新的烹饪法，他没有注意到夜幕降临。根据汉语提示“烹饪法”可知，此处应填名词recipe，在句中作动名词studying的宾语。 23．desserts 【详解】句意：主餐后英国人吃很多甜点而中国人喝茶。该空需要一个名词作宾语，名词dessert意为“甜点”，是一个可数名词，前面有lots of修饰，应用复数形式desserts。 24．appointed 【详解】句意：但是圣玛丽已经任命了一位不是典型篮球运动员的队长。该句用的是过去完成时态，其表达形式为：had done。故该空填appointed。 25．Prior 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在来中国之前，我对中国菜的了解仅限于在美国时所接触过的那一点。根据汉语提示可知用形容词prior，构成短语prior to表示“在……之前”，首字母大写。故填prior。 26．temper 【详解】考查名词。句意：她对一位顾客发了脾气，还冲他大喊大叫。根据汉语提示“脾气”可知，用名词temper，作宾语。故填temper。 27．overall 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们希望在不破坏空间整体效果的情况下使光线柔和。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词effect，“整体的”是overall，故填overall。 28．stable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，最大的问题是这段稳定的增长能否持续。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词growth，“稳定的”对应的英文单词是stable，符合语境。故填stable 29．brands 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：为什么有些品牌比其他品牌更受欢迎，即使产品质量相似？分析句子可知，设空处应填名词作主语，“品牌”对应的英文单词是brand，且前面有some修饰，所以应用复数形式brands，符合语境。故填brands。 30．fundamental 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人工智能可以用来提高基本技能，比如数学教育和词汇课。表示“基础的”使用形容词fundamental，作定语修饰名词skills。故填fundamental。 31．had run out 【详解】表示“用光”用固定短语‌run out‌，主语Their money与动词短语run out之间是主动关系，“钱花光”的动作发生在“放弃项目”之前，属于“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，谓语用had run out。 32． Prior to 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应翻译“在……之前”；_________  _________ moving to this city置于句首作时间状语且所填内容为两个单词，prior to是固定短语，表示“在……之前”，后接动名词moving符合语法规则；该短语位于句首，prior的首字母需大写，即Prior to。 33．regardless of age, sex or educational background 【详解】考查介词短语、形容词以及名词。空处要翻译“不论年龄、性别或教育背景”。“不论”的英语是介词短语regardless of，“年龄、性别或教育背景”翻译成age, sex or educational background作宾语。故填regardless of age, sex or educational background。 34．A large quantity of/Large quantities of 【详解】考查固定短语。设空处考查“大量的”英文表达，“大量的”修饰“鸭子”，可表达为a large quantity of/large quantities of，句首单词首字母大写。故填A large quantity of/Large quantities of。 35．grow what are called peanuts 【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。根据句意，此处表示“种植”应为grow，结合句意，该句描述的为客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为动词原形；表示“被称为花生的作物”为宾语从句作grow的宾语，表示“被称作花生的作物”应为be called peanuts，其中peanuts作补语，从句中缺少主语，且指的是事物，所以此处使用连接代词what引导宾语从句，结合句意，what指代的内容为peanuts为名词复数，作主语时谓语动词为复数形式，所以be动词应为are。故填grow what are called peanuts。 36．had been reduced 【详解】考查时态和语态。根据汉语提示，“生产成本已经被降低”应使用被动语态，“降低”为reduce，它发生在confirmed之前，则 reduce使用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been reduced。 37．had never been given 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。give意为“给予”，give sb. sth.意为“给某人某物”，为固定搭配。give表示的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。主语she和give之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。“从未”可表示为never。故填had never been given。 38．by the time 【详解】考查连词短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“在……时候前”，是连词短语by the time。故填by the time。 39．what we do 【详解】考查宾语从句。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用what；主语为we；谓语用do。根据上文put可知为一般现在时。故填what we do。 40．he had called emergency services/he had called the emergency service 【详解】考查动词、名词短语和时态。对比中英文可知，空处表示“他呼叫紧急服务”，为主语从句的内容，主语“他”用代词he，谓语“呼叫”用动词call，宾语“紧急服务”用名词短语emergency services或the emergency service，且结合“It was the third time”可知，此处是描述过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语需用had done的形式。故填he had called emergency services/the emergency service。 四、语法填空 （2026·广西·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When the weather gets cold in northern China, you’ll see a lot of vendors (小贩) selling a delicious traditional delicacy — Bing Tang Hu Lu, or Tanghulu 1 short. This snack, which originated in Beijing and Tianjin, traditionally 2 (consist) of hawthorn (山楂) fruit coated in hard candy 3 skewed (用扦子串起来) on a bamboo stick. The story begins with a beautiful Chinese woman. The favorite concubine (妃子) of the Song Emperor Guangzong (1147 — 1200) fell seriously ill. No court doctor was able to cure her. 4 (help), the emperor issued an appeal for doctors from the ordinary people to come forward to help. A country doctor recommended eating red hawthorn fruit fried in brown sugar, 5 turned out to be effective. Thus, sugar-coated hawthorn fruit became the favorite sugary snack of the Chinese imperial family, and court chefs were assigned 6 (supply) it on a regular basis. After having been reserved for the 7 (noble) during the last imperial dynasty, the sticky delicacy 8 (become) widely popular among ordinary people in more recent times. The round and red fruit was seen as good luck, symbolizing togetherness. With time 9 (pass) by, it was believed that the snack brought good luck and wealth, hence its popularity at family 10 (celebration) and large meals. So, what could possibly stop you from giving it a try? 【答案】 1．in 2．consists 3．and 4．To help 5．which 6．to supply 7．nobility 8．has become 9．passing 10．celebrations 【导语】主要介绍中国传统小吃冰糖葫芦的外观、制作方式、历史起源传说以及从古至今的流传过程与吉祥寓意。 1．考查介词。句意：在中国北方天气转冷时，你会看到很多小贩售卖一种美味的传统小吃——冰糖葫芦，简称糖葫芦。in short是固定短语，意为“简称；简言之”，所以此处为介词in。故填in。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这种起源于京津地区的小吃，传统上由裹着硬糖的山楂果串在竹签上制成。此处为谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语This snack为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为consists。 3．考查连词。句意：这种起源于京津地区的小吃，传统上由裹着硬糖的山楂果串在竹签上制成。此处连接并列结构coated in hard candy和skewed (用扦子串起来) on a bamboo stick，表并列顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提供帮助，皇帝下诏征集民间医者前来诊治。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示发布诏令的目的，用动词不定式to help，置于句首首字母大写。 5．考查定语从句。句意：一位民间郎中建议食用红糖炒制的山楂，这一方法最终奏效了。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前文整件事，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：就这样，裹糖山楂成为皇室最喜爱的甜食，宫廷厨师被指派定期供应这种小吃。此处为固定搭配be assigned to do sth.，意为“被指派做某事”，所以用动词不定式to supply。 7．考查名词。句意：在上一个封建王朝中，这种软糯的美食专供贵族享用，近代以来才在普通民众中广为流行。定冠词the后接名词，noble对应的名词nobility，意为“贵族阶层”。 8．考查动词时态。句意：在上一个封建王朝中，这种软糯的美食专供贵族享用，近代以来才在普通民众中广为流行。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in more recent times可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的状态，要用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语the sticky delicacy是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has become。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间流逝，人们认为这种小吃能带来好运与财富，因此在家庭庆典和大型宴席上备受欢迎。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，非谓语动词作宾补，pass与逻辑主语time之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词passing。 10．考查名词复数。句意：随着时间流逝，人们认为这种小吃能带来好运与财富，因此在家庭庆典和大型宴席上备受欢迎。celebration为可数名词，此处泛指各类家庭庆典，用复数形式celebrations。 五、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·宁夏银川·期末）It’s not what you would consider to be a healthy drink. But research suggests drinking beer can actually lower your blood pressure and reduce your weight. Xanthohumol (黄腐酚), contained in beer, could reduce damage done by high-fat diets, scientists claim. Such diets lead to a series of conditions including obesity, high blood pressure and blood sugar. But trials on mice fed with high-fat foods showed that giving them beer could curb some of the conditions. Figures suggest a quarter of adults in the UK suffer from metabolic syndrome (代谢综合征), and around 35 percent of Americans are believed to have it. It puts you at greater risk of developing heart disease — the world’s leading killer — but it can be changed by making healthy lifestyle changes. Scientists at Oregon State University made the conclusion after testing xanthohumol (XN) on obese mice. The findings back up previous research that has suggested the compounds could be used in future to treat metabolic syndrome. And they offer fresh hope for fighting metabolic syndrome, because they cause no potential side effects unlike compounds under current tests. Xanthohumol is known to transform into 8-PN, and researchers have long been criticized for the side effects. Professor Fred Stevens, lead author, said, “If someone took XN over longer periods of time, it could lead to side effects, potentially.” But Professor Stevens said they came across the “solution to the problem” by adding water to XN — which stopped the creation of 8-PN. And various tests on mice, published in the journal Scientific Reports, showed the derivatives worked but caused no harm. High-fat diets also lead to memory loss — but the compounds allowed mice to keep their learning, the researchers found. 1．What does the research mentioned in the first paragraph find? A．Beer is in a way good for people’s health. B．Beer is totally harmful to people’s health. C．High-fat diets are very popular with people. D．High-fat diets can lower people’s blood pressure. 2．What does the underlined word “curb” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Increase. B．Control. C．Cause. D．Continue. 3．How did scientists at Oregon State University draw their conclusion? A．They studied some normal mice. B．They compared the results of different studies. C．They observed some patients with heart disease. D．They conducted tests on some overweight mice. 4．Which of the following can solve the side effects of XN? A．Keeping learning. B．Doing more tests on mice. C．Adding some water to XN. D．Drinking more beer if possible. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍研究发现啤酒中的黄腐酚对人体有益，能够缓解高脂饮食带来的肥胖、高血压等代谢综合征相关问题，科研人员通过实验解决了黄腐酚长期服用存在副作用的难题，同时该物质还能保护实验小鼠的学习记忆能力。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“But research suggests drinking beer can actually lower your blood pressure and reduce your weight.(但研究表明，饮用啤酒实际上可以降低血压、减轻体重。)”可知，啤酒在某种程度上对人体健康有益。 2．词句猜测题。根据原文第一段“Such diets lead to a series of conditions including obesity, high blood pressure and blood sugar. But trials on mice fed with high-fat foods showed that giving them beer could curb some of the conditions.(这类饮食会引发肥胖、高血压、高血糖等一系列问题，但以高脂食物喂养小鼠的实验显示，给小鼠饮用啤酒能够curb部分这类病症。)”及“But research suggests drinking beer can actually lower your blood pressure and reduce your weight.(但研究表明，饮用啤酒实际上可以降低血压、减轻体重。)”可知，高脂肪饮食会导致肥胖、高血压等，而啤酒中的成分能减少这些损害，故curb此处意为“控制、抑制”。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Scientists at Oregon State University made the conclusion after testing xanthohumol (XN) on obese mice.(俄勒冈州立大学的科学家们在肥胖小鼠身上测试黄腐酚后得出了这一结论。)”可知，科学家通过对超重小鼠开展实验得出结论。 4．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“But Professor Stevens said they came across the “solution to the problem” by adding water to XN — which stopped the creation of 8-PN.(但史蒂文斯教授表示，他们找到了这一问题的解决办法，给黄腐酚加水，就能阻止8-PN 的生成。)”可知，给黄腐酚加水可以解决其存在副作用的问题。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $