Unit 1 Science and Scientists 表语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 该专项以表语从句为核心，通过“考点概览-专项突破-综合攻坚”三阶体系，系统梳理引导词用法、特殊句式及高考考法，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A考点概览·知识回顾|6类引导词解析|归纳表语从句定义、结构及that/whether/连接代词等用法，明确why与because区别、虚拟语气规则|从概念原理到分类解析，构建“定义-引导词-特殊句式”认知链条| |B考点夯基·专项突破|高考真题2题、单句填空30题、完成句子10题|通过真题及变式训练强化引导词选择、语境应用，突出易错点（如if不可引导表语从句）|从真题感知到专项练习，实现“考法-解法-应用”能力转化| |C综合攻坚·能力跃升|语法填空1篇、阅读理解2篇|结合语篇训练表语从句在语境中的综合运用，提升语言理解与表达能力|从单句到语篇，达成“专项-综合-迁移”的思维提升|

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 核心语法精练（表语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、表语从句高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 10 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。 1．从属连词that引导的表语从句 从属连词that的用法：①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed. 他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句 The point is whether we should lend him the money. 关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 [名师点津]　if不能引导表语从句。 3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。 That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句 It's just because he doesn't know her. 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。 [名师点津] reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。 6．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。 一、表语从句高考真题 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 2.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 答案：why。 解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 二、单句语法填空 1．I have some good news to tell you. is that you have been admitted to your dream university. 【答案】This 【详解】句意：我有个好消息要告诉你，这个消息就是你被理想大学录取了。所填词作主语，特指前句中的some good news，要用代词；结合表语从句that you have been admitted to your dream university可知，所填词起到替代前面的不可数名词，再揭晓其具体内容的作用，代词this符合要求；位于句首，首字母要大写。 2．The question is we can finish the task ahead of time. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：问题是我们能否提前完成任务。此处引导表语从句，表示“是否”，只能用whether引导，不能用if。 3．The reason for his success is he always works hard. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他成功的原因是他一直努力奋斗。固定句型The reason is that...，that引导表语从句，仅起连接作用，无词义、不作句子成分。 4．My doubt is he can stick to his dream until the end. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：我的疑问是他能否坚持梦想到底。空处引导表语从句，表不确定的“是否”，用whether引导该从句。 5．Everyone makes mistakes, but the real test is you react to them. 【答案】how 【详解】句意：每个人都会犯错，但真正的考验是你如何应对它们。is后接表语从句，how在从句中作方式状语，表“如何”。 6．Our unshakable principle is we will never back down from challenges. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我们坚定不移的原则是面对挑战绝不退缩。此处引导表语从句，从句句意结构完整，用无任何意义只起连接作用的 that 引导表语从句。 7．His puzzle is dictionary is of greater help to English beginners. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：他的困惑是哪一本词典对英语初学者帮助更大。根据句意，表语从句需要表示“哪一个”，用 which。 8．She won the first prize in the competition. That is she has been practicing the piano every day for years. 【答案】because 【详解】句意：她在比赛中获得了一等奖。那是因为她多年来每天都在练习钢琴。根据“She won the first prize in the competition.”和“she has been practicing the piano every day for years”可知，后句是前句的原因，空处需用连接副词because引导表语从句，表示“因为”。 9．One of the main features of Historical Records, or Shiji, is history is presented — in the form of stories rather than dry facts. 【答案】how 【详解】句意：《史记》的主要特色之一在于其对历史的呈现方式——是以故事的形式而非枯燥的事实来呈现的。本句为表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，所以用连接副词how引导。故填how。 10．The key to the Grand Canal Museum’s popularity is it offers to visitors. 【答案】what 【详解】句意：大运河博物馆受欢迎的关键在于它为游客提供的内容。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，表示“提供的内容”，应用连接代词what引导。 11．The focus of the meeting was we could develop transportation without polluting the environment. 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这次会议的重点在于探讨如何在发展交通的同时不污染环境。此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作方式状语，应用how“如何”引导。故填how。 12．I didn’t see the film last night. That was I had to help my brother with his homework. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：昨晚我没去看电影。那是因为我得帮我弟弟做作业。分析可知，“________ I had to help my brother with his homework”为表语从句，且在语境中表达没有看电影的原因，用“because”引导。故填because。 13．What you may not believe was happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你可能不会相信在我们小组开展疟疾疫苗研发研究的初期阶段所发生的事情。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用从属连词what，故填what。 14．Jane attends Opportunities Academy, a programme for young adults with disabilities. This was really they learned about how to care about others. 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：简参加了Opportunities Academy，这是一所专为有残疾的年轻成年人设立的项目。正是在这里，他们才真正学会了如何关心他人。was后是表语从句，结合前文Jane attends Opportunities Academy可知，设空处所在句表达“这是他们学习如何关心他人的地方”，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 15．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：大约71%的地球表面被水覆盖。这就是为什么从太空看它是蓝色的。空处引导名词性从句作表语，前一句是“从太空看地球是蓝色的”的原因，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 16．The funniest moment was someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for running gorilla! 【答案】when 【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：最有趣的时刻是有人在观看比赛时给了我一根香蕉——对跑步的大猩猩来说真是一种享受！此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作时间状语，应用连接副词when引导。故填when。 17．The question is will be successful applicants for the summer job at the law firm. 【答案】who 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是谁会成为这家律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请者。空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句缺少主语，结合“successful applicants”可知，主语指人，应用连接代词who作引导词。故填who。 18．And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们变得如此强壮和健康的原因是他们的心脏现在可以更好地充血，在运动中泵出更多的血液。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that。故填that。 19．What worries the patient is the medical treatment might have side effects on his digestive system. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：让病人担心的是，这种治疗可能会对他的消化系统产生副作用。横线前面有is，说明这是一个表语从句。从句中句子成分完整，且意思完整，应该填入that。故填that。 20．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：那所学校发生了很大的变化。它不再是二十年前的样子了，当时它的设备非常简陋。is 后的句子是表语从句，从句中缺少表语，再根据句意可知，使用what引导表语从句。故填what。 21．Besides having the history classes at school, we also visit historic destinations. That is we learn about important events in history. 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：除了在学校上历史课，我们还参观历史名胜。这就是我们了解历史上重要事件的方式。空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句的成分完整，结合空前句可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 22．The two historians disagree with each other. The question is it is possible to prove who is right. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这两位历史学家意见不一。问题是是否有可能证明谁是对的。空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语，表语从句的成分完整，结合句意可知，空处需表达“是否”，应用连接词whether作引导词。故填whether。 23．This is something positive that I can do for them, which is I like most about it. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句的引导词。句意：这是我能为他们做的积极的事情，也是我最喜欢它的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，因此用what引导。故填what。 24．The good news is we have developed a vaccine against the new virus. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：好消息是我们已经研制出了对抗这种新病毒的疫苗。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故填that。 25．Our final tip is you should consider whether you want to make your business a solo one or find one or two partners. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我们的最后一个建议是，你应该考虑是自己创业还是找一两个合作伙伴。根据空格前的系动词is可知，空格处引导表语从句，只起连接作用，不作成份，应用that引导从句。故填that。 26．What makes the school famous is more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：使这所学校出名的是90%以上的学生都考上了大学。空格处引导的是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用that引导表语从句，故填that。 27．One of the key reasons behind this is while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这背后的一个关键原因是，一本书通常需要几天才能读完，而一部电影通常只需要两个小时。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故填that。 28．If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。本句为包含表语从句的复合句，在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 29．An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds (化合物) is makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. The images they make depend on the placement of these compounds inside the shell of the firework. 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：火药和化学化合物的爆炸性混合物是使烟花以绚丽多彩和有趣形状闪烁的原因。它们所呈现的图案取决于这些化合物在烟花外壳内的放置位置。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，且表示“使烟花以绚丽多彩和有趣形状闪烁的东西”，所以应用what引导该从句。故填what。 30．Traditional martial arts have brought a concrete and natural way of life in line with their inner selves. They are young people and traditional Chinese culture blend (融合). 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：传统武术给他们带来了一种符合他们内心自我的具体而自然的生活方式。他们是年轻人和中国传统文化融合的地方。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，故填where。 三、完成句子 31．The question is ____________________. 问题是他下一步想做什么。 【答案】what he wants to do next 【详解】表示“他下一步想做什么”用表语从句。从句主语为he。表示“想要做”，用want to do。结合is可知，时态使用一般现在时，谓语用wants。表示“下一步”用next。从句缺少do的宾语，表示“……的事”用what引导。 32．________ ________ ________ ________ our team is going to win.看来好像我们队要赢了。 【答案】 It seems as if 【详解】句意：看来好像我们队要赢了。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“看来好像”应用固定句型It seems as if...，as if引导表语从句，本句陈述当下的判断用一般现在时，谓语用三单seems。 33．这就是我为什么反对这个计划。 This is ________ ________ ________ ________ this plan. 【答案】 why I am against 【详解】根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为This is why…“这就是……的原因”固定句型；why引导表语从句表原因，陈述语序，“反对”用be against，结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时，主语为I，be动词用am。 34．听起来好像有人敲门。 It sounds ________________ the door. 【答案】as if/as though someone is knocking on/at 【详解】表示“好像”可用as if/as though，引导表语从句；表示“有人”用不定代词someone；表示“敲门”为knock on/at the door，表示正在发生用现在进行时。 35．最鼓舞我们的是政府支持我们推广传统工艺。 What encourages us most is ________________ the government ________________ promoting the traditional craft. 【答案】 that backed us up in 【详解】第一空引导表语从句，从句句意完整语义通顺，用that引导表语从句；结合句意“支持某人做某事”，选用固定搭配back sb up in doing sth，表语从句描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。 36．我的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。 My suggestion is ________________ every day. 【答案】that we (should) practice reading English 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“我们应该每天练习读英语”，应用that引导的表语从句，因suggestion表示“建议”，其后表语从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即 (should) + 动词原形；“我们”翻译为we；“练习做某事”应用固定短语practice doing sth.，故“练习读英语”翻译为practice reading English。 37．他努力学习，这就是他取得好成绩的原因。 He studied hard; ________ ________ ________ he got good grades. 【答案】 this is why 【详解】考查表语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，此处应填“这就是……的原因”；句子陈述事实，用一般现在时；“这就是……的原因”用this is why，其中why引导表语从句，其后加事件的结果。故填①this ②is ③why。 38．他错过了公交车。这是因为他在路上帮助了一位老人。 He missed the bus. ________ ________ ________ he helped an old man on the way. 【答案】 This was because 【详解】考查表语从句，时态与固定句型。根据英汉对比，空处表示“这是因为”，用于解释原因；结合helped可知句子时态为一般过去时，“这”用 this，“是”用was，“因为”用because引导表语从句。故填①This；②was；③because。 39．她看起来好像生病了。 She looks _____ _____ she is ill. 【答案】 as if/though 【详解】考查表语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，本题要翻译“好像”，该表达在本题中引导表语从句；as if或as though表示“好像”，可引导表语从句。故①填as，②填if/though。 40．The fact is _________________. 事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。 【答案】that our team has won the game 【详解】考查表语从句。根据句意，比赛已经赢了，应用现在完成时。“我们队”为our team，“赢得比赛”翻译为win the game。此处为表语从句，从句结构完整，应用that引导，且that不可省略。故填that our team has won the game。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二下·吉林延边·期末）阅读短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Patriotism (爱国主义) can be shown not only in the years of war but also in the years of peace. In today’s era, our country still needs patriotism 1 (realize) the Chinese Dream. The well-known figures of patriotism we are familiar with 2 (be) the late scientists Huang Danian and Deng Jiaxian. Patriotism had been rooted deeply in their bones, for they fulfilled their dreams of rejuvenating (复兴) the Chinese nation with many exceptional 3 (achieve). The strategic geophysicist Huang Danian, with his particular expertise in deep earth exploration technology, has helped China take the lead in 4 number of technical fields, whether under the earth’s crust (地壳) 5 in the high sky. The nuclear physicist Deng Jiaxian, one of the founding fathers of the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” project, 6 (significant) contributing to China’s cause of national defense. Up to now, their patriotic deeds and deep affection for the motherland 7 (make) them role models, especially for the young. Both Huang and Deng are heroes of our time, 8 tremendous contributions originate from their hard work and patriotic feelings. With the passion 9 (pass) down to us, we should resolutely follow the path paved by them and draw inspiration 10 their noble spirit, shouldering the mission of realizing national rejuvenation. 【答案】 1．to realize 2．are 3．achievements 4．a 5．or 6．significantly 7．have made 8．whose 9． passed 10． from 【导语】文章主要讲的是爱国主义在和平年代的重要性，并通过黄大年和邓稼先的爱国事迹激励我们传承他们的精神，为实现中国梦而努力。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在当今时代，我国依然需要爱国主义来实现中国梦。分析句子结构可知，此处应用不定式to realize作目的状语，表示“国家需要爱国主义来实现中国梦”。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们熟知的爱国典范是已故科学家黄大年与邓稼先。此处为谓语动词，主语The well-known figures为复数，句子为客观介绍，使用一般现在时，所以填 are。 3．考查名词复数。句意：爱国主义深深融入他们的血脉，他们依靠诸多卓越成就实现中华民族复兴的理想。many后接可数名词复数，achieve的名词形式achievement，复数形式为achievements。 4．考查冠词。句意：战略地球物理学家黄大年深耕深部探测技术，助力中国在诸多技术领域占据领先地位，无论是地下还是高空。此处考查固定搭配a number of，意为“许多”。 5．考查连词。句意：战略地球物理学家黄大年深耕深部探测技术，助力中国在诸多技术领域占据领先地位，无论是地下还是高空。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配whether…or…，意为“无论……还是……”。 6．考查副词。句意：核物理学家邓稼先是“两弹一星”元勋之一，为中国国防事业作出重大贡献。修饰动词contributing需用副词，significant副词形式为significantly，表“有重大意义地”。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：时至今日，他们的爱国事迹与家国情怀使他们成为榜样，尤其激励年轻人。此处为谓语动词，Up to now是现在完成时标志，主语their patriotic deeds and deep affection为复数，与make为主动关系，所以应用have made。 8．考查定语从句。句意：黄大年和邓稼先都是时代英雄，他们巨大的贡献源自辛勤付出与爱国情怀。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词heroes，空后有名词contributions，两者之间为所属关系，应用关系代词whose作定语。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：传承这份热忱，我们应当坚定不移地沿着他们开辟的道路前行，从他们崇高的精神中汲取力量，肩负起实现民族复兴的使命。此处为非谓语，passion与pass为被动关系，所以应用过去分词passed。 10．考查介词。句意：传承这份热忱，我们应当坚定不移地沿着他们开辟的道路前行，从他们崇高的精神中汲取力量，肩负起实现民族复兴的使命。此处考查固定搭配draw inspiration from，意为“从……汲取灵感/力量”。 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二下·河南郑州·期末）A research team led by Prof. Gan Jianping, from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in China, carried out field observations and conducted numerical simulations (数值模拟) in the South China Sea (SCS) recently and disclosed never-before-seen characteristics of the ocean movement in the SCS. The complex ocean circulation system controls the energy change and water mass transport in the SCS and affects the biogeochemical processes, the carbon budget, ocean ecosystems, regional climate change, and the sustainable economic and social development in surrounding countries and regions, which account for about 22% of the world’s population. Studies on the SCS circulation and dynamics are regarded as the foundation of understanding the SCS. In the past few decades, there has been growing global attention to ocean circulation research on the SCS. However, scientific understanding of the three-dimensional water movement in this region is still very limited and sometimes even wrong. This is caused by the lack of acts of careful watching, no reliable numerical models, and limited knowledge of the complex physical processes in the SCS circulation. Until recently, a research team led by Prof. Gan confirmed that the SCS circulation has a three-layer structure, where sea water circles anticlockwise, clockwise and clockwise in the upper, middle and bottom layers respectively. The study also found that the three-layer circulation is composed of the dynamically active “hotspots” along the continental slope (斜坡) surrounding the deep basin, instead of an orderly structure in the entire region as previously thought. Prof. Gan says, “Because of the failure to discover the dynamic ‘hotspot’ in the sea, almost all global models cannot accurately simulate the three-layer circulation structure and related physics in the SCS. Therefore, compared with research on the open ocean, our understanding and simulation of the SCS circulation, forced by multiple factors and many dynamic processes, require greater effort and determination than expected.” 1．Which aspect of the SCS circulation study does paragraph 2 emphasize? A．The finding. B．The method. C．The significance. D．The background. 2．What made it difficult to understand the SCS water movement? A．Few careful observations of it. B．Little global attention to the region. C．Limited knowledge of numerical model. D．Full understanding of the physical processes. 3．What did the study find about the SCS circulation? A．It is formed in the deep basin of the SCS. B．It covers dynamic hotspots of the entire region. C．Its three-layer circulation structure is in good order. D．Its lower two layers circulate in the same direction. 4．What does Prof. Gan think of their work? A．Somewhat traditional. B．Quite challenging. C．Partially unsuccessful. D．Physically demanding. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国香港科技大学甘剑平教授团队的最新研究，该团队揭示了南海全新的海洋运动特征，介绍了南海环流研究的重要价值、过往研究短板、全新三层环流结构成果，并点明该研究工作的难度与价值。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The complex ocean circulation system controls the energy change and water mass transport in the SCS and affects the biogeochemical processes, the carbon budget, ocean ecosystems, regional climate change, and the sustainable economic and social development in surrounding countries and regions, which account for about 22% of the world’s population. Studies on the SCS circulation and dynamics are regarded as the foundation of understanding the SCS. (复杂的海洋环流系统控制着南海的能量变化与水体输送，影响生物地球化学过程、碳收支、海洋生态系统、区域气候变化，以及周边国家和地区的经济社会可持续发展，这些地区人口约占全球总人口的22%。南海环流与动力学研究被视为认知南海的基础。)”可知，本段主要阐述南海环流的巨大影响力与研究的基础性地位，重点突出研究的重要意义。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, scientific understanding of the three-dimensional water movement in this region is still very limited and sometimes even wrong. This is caused by the lack of acts of careful watching, no reliable numerical models, and limited knowledge of the complex physical processes in the SCS circulation. (然而，人类对该区域三维水体运动的科学认知仍然十分有限，有时甚至存在偏差。这一问题源于细致观测的缺失、缺乏可靠的数值模型，以及对南海环流复杂物理过程的认知不足。)”可知，相关细致观测匮乏是难以掌握南海水体运动规律的原因。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Until recently, a research team led by Prof. Gan confirmed that the SCS circulation has a three-layer structure, where sea water circles anticlockwise, clockwise and clockwise in the upper, middle and bottom layers respectively. (直到最近，甘教授带领的研究团队证实，南海环流存在三层结构，海水在上层逆时针流动、中层顺时针流动、底层顺时针流动。)”可知，中层和底层这下方两层环流方向完全一致。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, compared with research on the open ocean, our understanding and simulation of the SCS circulation, forced by multiple factors and many dynamic processes, require greater effort and determination than expected. (因此，相较于开阔海域的研究，受多重因素与复杂动力过程影响的南海环流，对其进行认知与模拟，需要付出远超预期的努力与决心。)”可知，甘教授认为这项研究工作难度大、极具挑战性。 （25-26高二下·辽宁辽阳·期末）The ocean could be the next frontier for the world’s rapidly expanding solar energy industry. That’s the finding of a study showing a floating solar farm off the coast of Taiwan produces more electricity and profit than a nearby solar farm on land. As a potential solution to land restriction on solar, an offshore floating photovoltaic (OFPV) project was built in the protected bay in western Taiwan. Compared with a land-based photovoltaic (LPV) project nearby, the floating solar produces 12 per cent more electricity and generates 11 per cent net profit, as opposed to 8 per cent for the land-based solar. The improved performance comes from the fact that solar panel efficiency declines as temperatures rise, and that conditions are typically 2-3℃ cooler over water than over land. The stronger winds also contribute to this cooling effect. “Installing the PV system on the sea is more difficult,” says team member Ching-Feng Chen at the National Taipei University of Technology. But “for the carbon reduction, emissions reduction, OFPV is much better than LPV”. Nevertheless, offshore solar energy faces obvious challenges. Installation costs in general are expected to be about 30 per cent higher on sea because the systems have to resist humidity, rust, salt and waves. Salt and bird droppings also build up. Employees of the project have to clean the panels and patrol for driftwood and debris on jet skis. Another concern is that floating PV shadows the water column and reduces wind mixing, which can diminish oxygen and light available for aquatic life like phytoplankton and seaweed. “If you do it further offshore, then maybe the waves and weather conditions and so on will become more problematic, but the closer to the shore, the less favourable for biodiversity,” says Vincent Bax at HZ University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. Given that it impacts human activities less than land-based solar, however, “there’s definitely potential for this technology”, he says. Because offshore PV is technically challenging, Chen thinks it will expand mainly in sunny islands that don’t have much offshore wind power, like Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia and Caribbean nations. “Location is very important,” he says. 1．What does the study reveal about the OFPV mentioned in Taiwan? A．It will soon expand as an ideal replacement for LPV. B．It is the first floating solar farm ever built in the region. C．It outperforms a nearby land-based project in productivity. D．It has solved the land shortage for solar energy completely. 2．What gives OFPV an advantage over LPV according to the passage? A．Higher temperature. B．Favorable environment. C．Special materials. D．Huge investment. 3．What can we infer from Vincent Bax’s words? A．The location of floating PV deserves careful consideration. B．OFPV is more environmentally friendly than land-based solar. C．Biodiversity comes first while developing solar energy projects. D．It is vital to reduce the influence of human activities on PV systems. 4．Which of the following best describes the overall pattern of the passage? A．Raise a problem → Propose solutions → Evaluate effects. B．Introduce a finding → Weigh pros and cons → Predict the trend. C．Describe a phenomenon → Explore causes → Discuss influences. D．Compare technologies → Analyze differences → Draw conclusions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项关于海上浮动光伏发电（OFPV）的研究发现，说明了该项技术对比陆地光伏发电（LPV）的优势、现存挑战以及未来的发展方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s the finding of a study showing a floating solar farm off the coast of Taiwan produces more electricity and profit than a nearby solar farm on land.(一项研究发现，位于中国台湾地区近岸海域的浮动式太阳能农场比附近陆地上的太阳能农场发电量更大、利润更高)”以及第二段“Compared with a land-based photovoltaic (LPV) project nearby, the floating solar produces 12 per cent more electricity and generates 11 per cent net profit, as opposed to 8 per cent for the land-based solar.(与附近陆上光伏项目相比，浮式太阳能发电量高出12%，净利润达到11%，而陆上太阳能仅为8%)”可知，这项研究揭示了台湾所提及的OFPV在生产率方面优于附近陆上项目。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The improved performance comes from the fact that solar panel efficiency declines as temperatures rise, and that conditions are typically 2-3℃ cooler over water than over land. The stronger winds also contribute to this cooling effect.(性能的提升源于太阳能电池板的效率会随温度升高而下降，且水面通常比陆地凉2至3℃。更强的风力也增强了这种降温效果)”可知，海面气温低 2-3℃、海风散热，更适宜光伏板发电，是优越的环境条件。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“If you do it further offshore, then maybe the waves and weather conditions and so on will become more problematic, but the closer to the shore, the less favourable for biodiversity(如果在更远的海域进行，那么海浪、天气状况等因素可能会变得更加复杂，但越靠近海岸，对生物多样性越不利)”可知，浮动光伏的选址值得认真考虑。 4．推理判断题。根据文章开篇首先介绍关于海上浮动光伏的研究发现，接下来说明该技术的优势，之后分析该技术目前面临的建设、生态等挑战，即权衡该技术的利弊，最后一段提到该技术未来会优先在符合条件的地区发展，预测了其发展趋势，符合“介绍一个发现→权衡利弊→预测趋势”的整体结构。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists 核心语法精练（表语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、表语从句高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 7 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 10 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 10 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 14 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。 1．从属连词that引导的表语从句 从属连词that的用法：①无意义　②不充当成分 ③不可省略 The reason for his absence is that he hasn't been informed. 他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句 The point is whether we should lend him the money. 关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 [名师点津]　if不能引导表语从句。 3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. 问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 This is what I am interested in. 这就是我所感兴趣的。 That's where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句 It's just because he doesn't know her. 这仅仅是因为他不认识她。 Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That's why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That's because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 I didn't phone her，and that's why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果) 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 I didn't phone her，and that's because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因) 我没有给她打电话。那是因为我生她的气了。 [名师点津] reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。 6．表语从句中的虚拟语气 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。 My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。 一、表语从句高考真题 1.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 2.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer. 二、单句语法填空 1．I have some good news to tell you. is that you have been admitted to your dream university. 2．The question is we can finish the task ahead of time. 3．The reason for his success is he always works hard. 4．My doubt is he can stick to his dream until the end. 5．Everyone makes mistakes, but the real test is you react to them. 6．Our unshakable principle is we will never back down from challenges. 7．His puzzle is dictionary is of greater help to English beginners. 8．She won the first prize in the competition. That is she has been practicing the piano every day for years. 9．One of the main features of Historical Records, or Shiji, is history is presented — in the form of stories rather than dry facts. 10．The key to the Grand Canal Museum’s popularity is it offers to visitors. 11．The focus of the meeting was we could develop transportation without polluting the environment. 12．I didn’t see the film last night. That was I had to help my brother with his homework. 13．What you may not believe was happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria. 14．Jane attends Opportunities Academy, a programme for young adults with disabilities. This was really they learned about how to care about others. 15．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 16．The funniest moment was someone watching the race offered me a banana — a real treat for running gorilla! 17．The question is will be successful applicants for the summer job at the law firm. 18．And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise. 19．What worries the patient is the medical treatment might have side effects on his digestive system. 20．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped. 21．Besides having the history classes at school, we also visit historic destinations. That is we learn about important events in history. 22．The two historians disagree with each other. The question is it is possible to prove who is right. 23．This is something positive that I can do for them, which is I like most about it. 24．The good news is we have developed a vaccine against the new virus. 25．Our final tip is you should consider whether you want to make your business a solo one or find one or two partners. 26．What makes the school famous is more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities. 27．One of the key reasons behind this is while a book usually takes a few days to read, a movie typically lasts under two hours. 28．If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. 29．An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds (化合物) is makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. The images they make depend on the placement of these compounds inside the shell of the firework. 30．Traditional martial arts have brought a concrete and natural way of life in line with their inner selves. They are young people and traditional Chinese culture blend (融合). 三、完成句子 31．The question is ____________________. 问题是他下一步想做什么。 32．________ ________ ________ ________ our team is going to win.看来好像我们队要赢了。 33．这就是我为什么反对这个计划。 This is ________ ________ ________ ________ this plan. 34．听起来好像有人敲门。 It sounds ________________ the door. 35．最鼓舞我们的是政府支持我们推广传统工艺。 What encourages us most is ________________ the government ________________ promoting the traditional craft. 36．我的建议是我们应该每天练习读英语。 My suggestion is ________________ every day. 37．他努力学习，这就是他取得好成绩的原因。 He studied hard; ________ ________ ________ he got good grades. 38．他错过了公交车。这是因为他在路上帮助了一位老人。 He missed the bus. ________ ________ ________ he helped an old man on the way. 39．她看起来好像生病了。 She looks _____ _____ she is ill. 40．The fact is _________________. 事实就是我们队已经赢得了比赛。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高二下·吉林延边·期末）阅读短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Patriotism (爱国主义) can be shown not only in the years of war but also in the years of peace. In today’s era, our country still needs patriotism 1 (realize) the Chinese Dream. The well-known figures of patriotism we are familiar with 2 (be) the late scientists Huang Danian and Deng Jiaxian. Patriotism had been rooted deeply in their bones, for they fulfilled their dreams of rejuvenating (复兴) the Chinese nation with many exceptional 3 (achieve). The strategic geophysicist Huang Danian, with his particular expertise in deep earth exploration technology, has helped China take the lead in 4 number of technical fields, whether under the earth’s crust (地壳) 5 in the high sky. The nuclear physicist Deng Jiaxian, one of the founding fathers of the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” project, 6 (significant) contributing to China’s cause of national defense. Up to now, their patriotic deeds and deep affection for the motherland 7 (make) them role models, especially for the young. Both Huang and Deng are heroes of our time, 8 tremendous contributions originate from their hard work and patriotic feelings. With the passion 9 (pass) down to us, we should resolutely follow the path paved by them and draw inspiration 10 their noble spirit, shouldering the mission of realizing national rejuvenation. 题型二 阅读理解 （25-26高二下·河南郑州·期末）A research team led by Prof. Gan Jianping, from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in China, carried out field observations and conducted numerical simulations (数值模拟) in the South China Sea (SCS) recently and disclosed never-before-seen characteristics of the ocean movement in the SCS. The complex ocean circulation system controls the energy change and water mass transport in the SCS and affects the biogeochemical processes, the carbon budget, ocean ecosystems, regional climate change, and the sustainable economic and social development in surrounding countries and regions, which account for about 22% of the world’s population. Studies on the SCS circulation and dynamics are regarded as the foundation of understanding the SCS. In the past few decades, there has been growing global attention to ocean circulation research on the SCS. However, scientific understanding of the three-dimensional water movement in this region is still very limited and sometimes even wrong. This is caused by the lack of acts of careful watching, no reliable numerical models, and limited knowledge of the complex physical processes in the SCS circulation. Until recently, a research team led by Prof. Gan confirmed that the SCS circulation has a three-layer structure, where sea water circles anticlockwise, clockwise and clockwise in the upper, middle and bottom layers respectively. The study also found that the three-layer circulation is composed of the dynamically active “hotspots” along the continental slope (斜坡) surrounding the deep basin, instead of an orderly structure in the entire region as previously thought. Prof. Gan says, “Because of the failure to discover the dynamic ‘hotspot’ in the sea, almost all global models cannot accurately simulate the three-layer circulation structure and related physics in the SCS. Therefore, compared with research on the open ocean, our understanding and simulation of the SCS circulation, forced by multiple factors and many dynamic processes, require greater effort and determination than expected.” 1．Which aspect of the SCS circulation study does paragraph 2 emphasize? A．The finding. B．The method. C．The significance. D．The background. 2．What made it difficult to understand the SCS water movement? A．Few careful observations of it. B．Little global attention to the region. C．Limited knowledge of numerical model. D．Full understanding of the physical processes. 3．What did the study find about the SCS circulation? A．It is formed in the deep basin of the SCS. B．It covers dynamic hotspots of the entire region. C．Its three-layer circulation structure is in good order. D．Its lower two layers circulate in the same direction. 4．What does Prof. Gan think of their work? A．Somewhat traditional. B．Quite challenging. C．Partially unsuccessful. D．Physically demanding. （25-26高二下·辽宁辽阳·期末）The ocean could be the next frontier for the world’s rapidly expanding solar energy industry. That’s the finding of a study showing a floating solar farm off the coast of Taiwan produces more electricity and profit than a nearby solar farm on land. As a potential solution to land restriction on solar, an offshore floating photovoltaic (OFPV) project was built in the protected bay in western Taiwan. Compared with a land-based photovoltaic (LPV) project nearby, the floating solar produces 12 per cent more electricity and generates 11 per cent net profit, as opposed to 8 per cent for the land-based solar. The improved performance comes from the fact that solar panel efficiency declines as temperatures rise, and that conditions are typically 2-3℃ cooler over water than over land. The stronger winds also contribute to this cooling effect. “Installing the PV system on the sea is more difficult,” says team member Ching-Feng Chen at the National Taipei University of Technology. But “for the carbon reduction, emissions reduction, OFPV is much better than LPV”. Nevertheless, offshore solar energy faces obvious challenges. Installation costs in general are expected to be about 30 per cent higher on sea because the systems have to resist humidity, rust, salt and waves. Salt and bird droppings also build up. Employees of the project have to clean the panels and patrol for driftwood and debris on jet skis. Another concern is that floating PV shadows the water column and reduces wind mixing, which can diminish oxygen and light available for aquatic life like phytoplankton and seaweed. “If you do it further offshore, then maybe the waves and weather conditions and so on will become more problematic, but the closer to the shore, the less favourable for biodiversity,” says Vincent Bax at HZ University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. Given that it impacts human activities less than land-based solar, however, “there’s definitely potential for this technology”, he says. Because offshore PV is technically challenging, Chen thinks it will expand mainly in sunny islands that don’t have much offshore wind power, like Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia and Caribbean nations. “Location is very important,” he says. 1．What does the study reveal about the OFPV mentioned in Taiwan? A．It will soon expand as an ideal replacement for LPV. B．It is the first floating solar farm ever built in the region. C．It outperforms a nearby land-based project in productivity. D．It has solved the land shortage for solar energy completely. 2．What gives OFPV an advantage over LPV according to the passage? A．Higher temperature. B．Favorable environment. C．Special materials. D．Huge investment. 3．What can we infer from Vincent Bax’s words? A．The location of floating PV deserves careful consideration. B．OFPV is more environmentally friendly than land-based solar. C．Biodiversity comes first while developing solar energy projects. D．It is vital to reduce the influence of human activities on PV systems. 4．Which of the following best describes the overall pattern of the passage? A．Raise a problem → Propose solutions → Evaluate effects. B．Introduce a finding → Weigh pros and cons → Predict the trend. C．Describe a phenomenon → Explore causes → Discuss influences. D．Compare technologies → Analyze differences → Draw conclusions. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $