Unit 5 Working the Land（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语Unit 5知识清单全面涵盖词汇、语法、写作等核心内容，包含阅读与写作词汇分类、词汇变形及熟词生义，主语从句语法精讲，以及化肥与有机农业议论文写作框架，为学生搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类分级呈现知识体系，如词汇分阅读/写作/变形模块，语法结合高考真题解析主语从句四句型，写作提供三段式模板与范文。设计易错点对比（如because与because of）、重点句型填空练习，培养学生语言能力与思维品质，助力学生自主高效复习，教师精准设计教学活动。

Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇 一、阅读词汇 1. ___________________ adj. 混合的；杂交的 n. 杂交植物；混合物 2. ___________________ n. 根；根源 v. 生根；扎根 3. ___________________ v. 产出；屈服 n. 产量；产出 4. ___________________ v. 孵化；策划 5. ___________________ adj. 典型的；特有的 n. 特征；特点 6. ___________________ n. 食品杂货；杂货店 7. ___________________ adj. 可供选择的 n. 可供选择的事物 8. ___________________ v. 获得；实现；达到 9. ___________________ n. 矿物质；矿物 10. ___________________ adj. 传统的；常规的 11. ___________________ adj. 极其重要的；必不可少的 n. 必需品；要素 12. ___________________v. 授粉；传粉 13. ___________________ n. 细菌 14. ___________________ n. 假定；假设 15. ___________________ v. 消化；领会 n. 摘要；文摘 16. ___________________ adj. 强烈的；紧张的；激烈的 17. ___________________ v. 延伸；扩大；延长 18. ___________________ adj. 含盐的；咸的 19. ___________________ n. 产量；输出 v. 输出 20. ___________________ adj. 城市的；都市的 21. ___________________ v. & n. 估计；估算 22. ___________________ n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；轰击 23. ___________________ adj. 国内的；家庭的；家养的 24. ___________________ n. 隧道；地道 25. ___________________ n. 消耗；消费 26. ___________________ n. 扩大；延伸；延期 27. ___________________ adj. 化学的 n. 化学品 28. ___________________ v. 产生；生成；引起 29. ___________________ n. 压力；负担；品种 v. 拉伤；竭力 30. ___________________ n. 小麦 31. ___________________ n. 味道；风味 v. 给…… 调味 32. ___________________ n. 闲暇；休闲 33. ___________________ n. 肥料；化肥 34. ___________________ n. 土壤；土地 35. ___________________ adj. 营养的；滋养的 36. ___________________ n. 名人；名流；名望 37. ___________________ n. 营养；滋养 38. ___________________ n. 高粱 39. ___________________ v. 减轻；缓解 40. ___________________ n. 贫穷；贫困 41. ___________________ n. 扫帚 42. ___________________ adj. 有机的；绿色的；生物的 43. ___________________ n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 44. ___________________ n. 杀虫剂；农药 45. ___________________ n. 视力；视野；愿景 2、 写作词汇： 单词 1.___________________ v. 致力于；奉献 2.___________________ n. 短缺；不足 3.___________________ v. 处理；解决；应付 4.___________________ v. 促进；推动；增强 n. 推动；助力 5.___________________ v. 使确信；说服 6.___________________ v. 获得；实现；达到 7.___________________ v. 克服；战胜 8.___________________ n. 现实；实际情况 9.___________________ adj. 广泛的；普遍的 10.___________________ adj. 至关重要的；必要的 11.___________________ n. 深度；深刻 12.___________________ adv. 完全地；全部地 13.___________________ n. 方面；层面 短语 1.__________________________ 致力于；奉献于 2.__________________________ 由…… 组成 3.__________________________ 在内心深处；本质上 4.__________________________ 反过来；依次；轮流 5.__________________________ 例如；比如 6.__________________________ 担任；充当 7.__________________________ 各种各样的 8.__________________________ 使某人能够做某事 9.__________________________ 允许某人做某事 10._________________________ 依靠；取决于 11._________________________ 因为；由于 12._________________________ 远非；完全不 13._________________________ 实现某人的梦想 14._________________________ 成功做某事 15._________________________ 在国内外 16._________________________ 开启；开创；开放 17._________________________ 致力于；投身于 18._________________________ 承担；呈现；雇佣 19._________________________ 被…… 照亮 20._________________________ 利用 21._________________________ 适应 22._________________________ 旨在；目的是做某事 23._________________________ 不仅…… 而且 24._________________________ 此外；另外 25._________________________ 富含；富有 26._________________________ 求助于；转向某物 27._________________________ 集中于；专注于 28._________________________ 使某人免受…… 29._________________________ 阻止某人做某事 30._________________________ 尽可能…… 三、词汇变形： 1.devote vt. 把…… 献（给）；把…… 专用于；专心于 → ________ n. 奉献；忠诚 → ________ adj. 忠实的；投入的 2.shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → ________ adj. 短缺的；不足的 → ________ v. 缺乏 3.boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 → ________ n. 助推器；支持者 4.yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产；产生 vi. 屈服；让步 → ________ adj. 能生产的；肥沃的 5.convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 → ________ n. 说服；确信 → ________ adj. 令人信服的 → ________ adj. 确信的 6.characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 → ________ v. 描述…… 的特征；以…… 为特色 → ________ n. 特性；特征描述 7.attain vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到 → ________ n. 成就；造诣；获得 8.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 → ________ n. 惯例；习俗；常规 → ________ adv. 按照惯例；传统上地 9.pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉 → ________ n. 授粉；传粉 → ________ n. 传粉者；授花粉器 10.assumption n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得 → ________ vt. 假定；设想；承担 11.intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → ________ adv. 强烈地；紧张地 → ________ n. 强烈；紧张；强度 12.expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务） → ________ n. 扩张；扩展；膨胀 → ________ adj. 可扩张的 13.estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 → ________ n. 估价员；评估师 → ________ adj. 估计的；估算的 14.domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 → ________ adv. 国内地；家庭式地 → ________ n. 家务；家事 15.consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 → ________ vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝 → ________ adj. 消耗性的 16.generate vt. 产生；引起 → ________ n. 一代；一代人；产生 → ________ n. 发电机；发生器 → ________ adj. 生殖的；产生的 17.strain n.（动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力 v. 拉伤；尽力 → ________ adj. 紧张的；疲惫的 18.leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 → ________ adj. 空闲的；业余的 19.envision vt. 展望；想象 → ________ n. 视野；视力；愿景→ adj.视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的 → 明显的；看得见的；现有的；可得到的 → adv.明显地；显然；看得见地 → n. 能见度，可见性；能见距离；明显性 20.reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 → ________ adj. 真实的；现实的 → ________ adv. 真正地；实际上 → ________ vt. 实现；意识到 21.salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 → ________ n. 盐 → ________ vt. 给…… 加盐 22.urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 → ________ n. 城市化 → ________ vt. 使城市化 23.extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 → ________ vt. 扩大；延伸；延长（extend） → ________ adj. 广阔的；广大的 24.chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品 → ________ n. 化学 → ________ n. 化学家 25.flavour (NAmEvor) n. 味道；特点；特色 v. 给…… 调味 → ________ adj. 美味的；有风味的 → ________ n. 调味料；香料 26.fertiliser (NAmEizer) n. 肥料 → ________ vt. 施肥；使受精 → ________ adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 → ________ n. 肥沃；肥力 27.nutritional adj. 营养（物）的 → ________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 → ________ n. 营养；滋养（nutrition） → ________ vt. 滋养；给…… 营养 28.alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 → ________ n. 减轻；缓和 29.poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 → ________ adj. 贫穷的；贫困的 30.organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 → ________ n. 有机物；有机体；生物体 → ________ n. 器官；机构 31.digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会；领悟 /ˈdaɪdʒest/n. 摘要；文摘 → ________ n. 消化；消化能力 → ________ adj. 可消化的 32.essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 n. 必需品；要素 → ________ adv. 本质上；根本上 → ________ n. 本质；实质 33.alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 → ________ adv. 二者择一地；作为选择 → ________ vt. 改变；更改 34.grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl.] 食品杂货 → ________ n. 食品杂货商 35.depth n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度） → ________ adj. 深的 → ________ adv. 深深地 → ________ vt. 加深；变深 36.root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源 v. 生根；扎根 → ________ adj. 根深蒂固的 37.entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地 → ________ adj. 全部的；完整的；整个的 四、熟词生义 1. attain 熟义：vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 生义： 例句： The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph. 猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97公里。 2. expand 熟义：vt&vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展（业务） 生义：vt. 例句：(2022·全国乙卷) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. 在Wickenden的书中，作者不仅详述了西方历史，还探讨了女权主义——这自然影响了女孩们前往Elkhead的决定。 3. domestic 熟义：adj. adj. 国内的，本国的；家用的，家庭的 生义： 例句：While many wild species struggle to survive in the changing environment, some domestic animals, such as chickens and cattle, have lived alongside human beings for thousands of years. 尽管许多野生物种在不断变化的环境中艰难求生，但一些驯养的动物，例如鸡和牛，已经和人类共同生活了数千年。 4. grain 熟义：n.谷物，谷粒；颗粒 生义： 例句：(2022·全国一卷) In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. 在每年有近8亿人面临饥饿的世界上，“食物浪费与道德准则背道而驰”，伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月封面文章中如此写道。 There isn't a grain of truth in those rumours. 那些谣传一点也不可靠。 5. bomb 熟义：n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；轰击 生义： 例句：The musical was a complete bomb on Broadway,and lost a lot of money. 这部音乐剧在百老汇彻底失败，赔了很多钱。 6.essential 熟义：adj. 必不可少的，非常重要的；基本的 生义： 例句：The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water. 工作室里备有基本设施，如暖气装置和自来水。 写作 句型 1. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，令他最为担忧的是，农民们往往收成不佳，有时甚至面临严重的粮食短缺问题。 ▲what concerned him most是what引导的主语从句；that引导表语从句。 ▲固定句式：what+v.+sb.+most + was/is + that-表语从句:最...的是... ⑴ the old man devoted all his time to helping poor children. 令我们印象最深的是，这位老人把全部时间用来帮助贫困孩子。 ⑵ the small town had changed beyond recognition. 让我们最为惊讶的是，这座小镇已经变得认不出来。 2. Today, it is estimated that about 60% percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，目前中国国内稻米消费量中约有60%由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种所产出，而这些品种已使中国农民每年能生产约2亿吨稻米。 ▲固定句式：It is estimated that...... 据估算......; it 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，即主语从句。 ▲类似结构： It is said that...... 据说...... ; It is believed that......人们相信......; It is reported that......据报道...... It is known that… 众所周知……； It is thought that… 人们认为…… ⑴ over 300 million people in China take part in various kinds of sports every year. 据估算，中国每年有超过 3 亿人参与各类体育运动。 ⑵ green travel can cut down air pollution. 人们认为绿色出行可以减少空气污染。 ⑶ reading broadens our horizons. 众所周知阅读能够拓宽我们的视野。 ⑷ this ancient village has a history of more than one thousand years. 据说这座古村落拥有一千多年的历史。 ⑸ regular exercise can help improve people’s mental health. 人们相信规律运动有助于改善人们的心理健康。 ⑹ the new local library will be open to the public next month. 据报道，这座新建的地方图书馆将于下月对公众开放。 3. Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one mgiht think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到袁的杂交品种使他积累了相当可观的财富，人们或许会认为他会选择退休，过上悠闲的生活。 ▲固定句型：Given that + 从句：考虑到；鉴于…… ▲given 此处是介词，不是 give 的过去分词；后面直接接 that 从句，表已知的前提条件。 , we should finish the task as soon as possible. 考虑到时间有限，我们应当尽快完成这项任务。 语法 主语从句 写作 写一篇有关化肥农业与有机农业看法的议论文 一、知识点精讲 1.devote vt.把......用于；把......专用于；专心于 短语： ▶ devote......to (doing) sth 把......用于；献身；致力于；专心 ▶ devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于；献身于 ⑴ I could only two hours a day the work.我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。 ⑵ She her career.她全力倾注于自己的事业。 【词汇拓展】 ▶ ⑴ devoted adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的；热衷的 (2021-2026年考查三次) be devoted to (doing) sth. 深爱某事; 致力于某事 ①（2026·全国二卷) He is devoted health education. 他致力于健康教育。 ②（2021·全国二卷) The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a policeman However,he is more (devote) to his “role "than any real actor. 60岁的他不是演员，而是一名警察。然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于自己的“角色”。 ▶ ⑵ devotion n. n. 挚爱，忠诚；奉献；忠心 （2026·全国二卷）Reisley believes that his (devote) to the home and the community are what have kept him in such good health all of these years. 2.（2020-2026年考查五次）convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 短语： ▶ convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事 ▶ convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 ▶ convince sb that....... 使某人确信...... ⑴ You'll need to them your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。 ⑵ I've been trying to him a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 ⑶（2021·全国二卷) Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - （convince） him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. 他在该行业拥有多年的经验——以及多次尝试运用技术却均未成功的经历——使他确信，检查牛只的最佳方式是由人骑马进行。 ⑷（2020·全国二卷)He says it’s not easy to people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. 他表示，要让人们相信河狸鼠皮是绿色的并非易事，但他对此毫无疑虑。 【词汇拓展】 ▶ ⑴ convinced be convinced of sth. 确认某事 be convinced that....... 确认....... ①（2026·全国一卷)However, as I finish up my junior year of college, I’m that it took leaving our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it. 然而，随着我即将完成大学三年级学业，我深信，唯有离开我们的小城镇，我才真正意识到我们对这里有多么热爱，以及我们究竟爱的是这里的哪些方面。 ②（2026·全国二卷)After my undergraduate degree, （convince）that writing wasn’t for me, I went off to study teaching. 本科毕业后，我深信写作并非我的强项，便转而攻读教育学专业。 ▶ ⑵ convincing （2021·全国二卷)Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the appearance of a real beggar and his （convince） dialect soon won him the trust of the beggars. 【易混辨析】 convinced “感到信服的”（主语是人），内心被说服，相信某事 convincing “令人信服的”（主语是物 / 事），事物本身有说服力 3.comprise vt.包括；包含；由......组成 The collection (comprise) 327 paintings. 这部画册收有327幅画。 短语： ▶ be comprised of .......由......组成 = be made up of ...... = consist of ...... = be composed of The committee representatives from both the public and private sectors. 委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。 4. (2019-2025年考查四次) estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 ⑴The satellite will cost an (estimate)￡400 million. 这颗卫星估计要耗资4亿英镑。 ⑵（2023·全国一卷)The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent (estimate) could be quite accurate. 他所进行的估计实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计值的平均值可能相当精确。 短语： ▶ estimate sth.(at...) 估算某物（达到...） ▶ estimate that... 估计... ▶ be estimated to be ... 估计是... ▶ be estimated to do /to have done sth. 估计做/做了某事 ▶ It is estimated that ...... 据估计...... （2025·全国一卷) that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 据估计，到2050年，全球电力需求可能增长逾两倍。 【词汇拓展】 ▶ ⑴ underestimate v. 低估，对……估计不足；轻视 n. 低估，对……估计不足 （2019·全国三卷)When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. 当研究团队更仔细地审视实验结果时，他们发现：当两个数值接近时，猴子倾向于低估其总和——例如，有时它们会选择13，而非8与6的总和。 ▶ ⑵ overestimate v. 过高估计（能力、影响或价值）；过高估计（规格、数量、数字等） n. 过高的估计 （2023·全国一卷)Some people will tend to , and some to . 有些人倾向于高估，而有些人则倾向于低估。 5. in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 （2023·全国二卷) I post my work on social media and, ___________, have met some of the kindest people. 我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上，反过来，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。 【短语归纳】 ▶ in one’s turn 轮到某人 ▶ by turns 轮流；交替地 ▶ take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 ▶ take turns in/at doing sth 轮流做某事 ▶ It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 ▶ turn up出现；调大 ▶ turn down 调小；拒绝 ▶ turn out 结果是，证明是；生产；关掉 ▶ turn on 打开 ▶ turn off 关掉 ▶ turn over 翻转；移交；仔细考虑 ▶ turn away 拒之门外；避开 ▶ turn to 求助于；转向 ▶ turn into 变成 ▶ turn against 背叛；反对 ▶ turn in 上交；上床睡觉 （2024·全国一卷)Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly ___________ these technologies -- say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 音频与视频相比文本可能更具吸引力，因此高校教师正越来越多地转向这些技术——例如，将要求学生撰写文章改为安排在线讲座。 二、核心语法精讲 主语从句 一．定义：在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。是高考重要考点之一，也是高频考点。主要设题于语法填空，阅读理解和书面表达。 二．位置： ㈠ 位于句首，结构：主语从句+谓语+其他 ㈡ 位于句末，结构：It +谓语+其他+主语从句㈢ 3． 连接词：连接词是用来引导主语从句的词。分为连接词，连接代词和连接副词。 类别 引导词 词义 从句可充当成分 连接词 that 无词义 不充当成分 whether 是否 不充当成分 连接代词 who 谁 主语、表语 whom 谁 宾语 whose 谁的 定语 what 什么；… 的事物/...的东西 主语、宾语、表语 which 哪一个；哪些 主语、宾语、定语 连接副词 when 什么时候；何时；… 的时候 时间状语 where 哪里；… 的地方 地点状语 how 怎样、如何；多么；… 的方式 方式状语 why 为什么；… 的原因 原因状语 4． 基本用法 （一）连接词： 1. that：无词义，不做成分，不能省略。 that 只起连接作用，不在从句里做成分。 ✅ That he passed the exam surprises us. 他通过考试这件事让我们很惊讶。 ⚠️ 高考高频：that 引导主语从句，绝对不能省。 2. whether：不作成分，有含义 “是否”。 ✅ Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。 ❌ 主语从句不能用 if 引导！（if 不能放句首引导主语从句） （二）连接代词：what /who/whom /whose/which在从句中作主 / 宾 / 定语，有词义。 1.what：什么；…… 的事 / 物，在从句做主语、宾语。 ✅ What he said is true. 他说的话是真的。 2.who：谁，在从句中作主语。 ✅ Who will take charge of the project hasn’t been decided. 谁来负责这个项目还没定。 3.whom: 谁，在从句中作宾语。 ✅Whom we will invite hasn’t been decided. 我们将要邀请谁，还没有决定。 4.which：哪一个；哪些，在从句中作主语，宾语和定语。 ✅Which kind of food is the best is still not certain. 哪种食物是最好的仍然不确定。 5.whose：谁的，在从句中作定语。 ✅Whose handwriting is the best hasn’t been known yet. 谁的书写最好还不知道。 ✅Whose advice we should follow makes a great difference. 我们应当听从谁的建议至关重要。 6.Whoever: 无论谁; ...的任何人, 在从句中作主语。 ✅Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法者都将受到处罚 7.whatever: 无论什么，在从句中主语，宾语 ✅Whatever you do should be based on reality. （做宾语） 你所做的一切都应当立足现实。 ✅Whatever is worth doing deserves our full attention. （作主语） 凡是值得做的事，都值得我们全心投入。 ✅Whatever he was at that time makes no difference to us now. (做表语) 他过去是什么身份，对我们现在已经不重要。 （三）连接副词：when /where/why /how在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因、方式） ✅ How we can improve our grades is our main task. 我们如何提高成绩是我们的主要任务。 ✅Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 它们为何突然消失，至今仍是个谜。 ✅ Where we should build the library is under discussion. 我们应该在哪里修建图书馆正在讨论之中。 ✅When the new policy will come into effect is still unknown. 新政策何时生效尚不为人知。 （四）it 作形式主语：⭐高考最高频 为了避免主语太长，用it做为句子的形式主语，把主语从句放到句子的末尾。 结构：It + be / 系动词 + adj./n./done + 真正主语从句 ✅四大经典句型（必背）： �1.It is + 形容词（obvious, true, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain) + that 从句 It is obvious that he has made great progress. 很明显他取得了很大进步。 �2.It is +名词(a pity, a shame, good news, an honor, no wonder等) + that 从句 It is a fact that practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧是一个事实。 �3.It is + 过去分词(said, known, reported, believed, thought, expected, decided, announced等) + that 从句 ①It is reported that many houses were damaged in the storm. 据报道很多房屋在暴风雨中受损。 ②It is believed that hard work leads to success. 人们相信努力带来成功。 �4.⑴It is necessary/important等 + that (should) do ,句型中用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 ① It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。 ② It is important that every student (should) obey the school rules. 每个学生遵守校规很重要。 ⑵It is suggested/ordered/required/demanded/desired/requested/ recommended等 + that (should) do 表示建议、命令、要求，从句必须用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省 ①It is demanded that the problem (should) be solved at once. 要求这个问题立刻得到解决。 ②It is requested that you (should) arrive ahead of time. 恳请你提前到达。 ③It is recommended that teenagers (should) sleep for eight hours a day. 建议青少年每天睡八小时。 5． 注意事项 1. 主谓一致 ⑴一个主语从句，主句谓语动词用单数。 Whether the patient will be taken is unknown. ⑵多个并列的主语从句，主句谓语动词用复数。 When the task can be finished and whether he can have a rest are unknown. ⑶what在主语从句中做宾语时，主句谓语动词由主句的表语决定单复数。 What he wants most is staying with his family. ⑷It在主语从句中做形式主语时，主句谓语动词用单数。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. 主语从句语序 主语从句的语序应用陈述语序。 ⑴Where we will have a picnic should be discussed. √ Where will we have a picnic should be discussed. O ⑵How we go for a picnic should be discussed. √ How do we go for a picnic should be discussed. O 6． 解题策略 （1） 根据位置确定是主语从句。 （2） 分析主语从句的成分。 （3） 若缺少主语，宾语，或者表语，用连接代词。 （4） 若缺少状语，用连接副词。 （5） 根据语意缺什么补什么，都不缺用that或whether。 【巩固练习】 1.（2021·全国一卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2.________ will win the speech competition is still unknown to us. 3.________ he will accept our invitation hasn’t been confirmed. 4.________ surprised us most was that he gave up the good job. 5.________ the ancient city was built remains a mystery. 6.It is clear ________ he has made great progress in physics. 7.________ road we should take has caused a heated discussion. 8.________ he disappeared suddenly puzzles every person around him. 9.________ we can improve our reading speed is worth thinking about. 10.________ he did in the past has nothing to do with his present life. 11.________ will be in charge of the project hasn’t been discussed yet. 12.It is believed ________ hard work can change one’s fate. 13.________ dictionary you choose depends on your own need. 14. ________ he could solve the difficult problem so quickly amazed all of us. 15.________ the sports meeting will be held depends on the weather condition. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 话题：化学化肥农业与有机农业的利弊对比，发表个人看法 化肥农业优势：提升粮食产量、对抗农作物病害；弊端：破坏土壤、污染水土、作物营养不足、危害人体健康 有机农业优势：保护环境、食品安全健康、修复土壤；弊端：产量偏低、耗费更多人力、成本高 写作任务：客观对比两者，给出辩证观点，提倡兼顾粮食产量与生态环境的可持续农业。 2. 写作框架（三段式万能模板） Para.1 引入话题 + 个人立场（总） Nowadays, there is a heated discussion about… On the one hand… On the other hand… From my point of view, a balanced way should be encouraged. Para.2 对比利弊，分两点论证（分） Chemical farming, which…, has its strengths. It can… However, its drawbacks can not be ignored. Longterm use of chemical fertilisers may… By contrast, organic farming focuses on… It is beneficial to… Yet it has limits, for… Para.3 总结 + 建议（总） All in all, neither of them is perfect. What matters most is that we should… Only in this way can we achieve sustainable agriculture. 3.写作素材 (1) 高级核心词汇 chemical fertilisers 化肥 increase production 增产 fight crop disease 抵御作物病害 rich in nutrition 富含营养 environmentally friendly 环保 sustainable agriculture 可持续农业 turn to 转向 be harmful to 对…… 有害 (2)高分句型 ①What worries people most is that chemical fertilisers do harm to soil and human health.（主语从句） 最令人们担忧的是化肥伤害土壤与人类健康。 ②Crops grown with chemical fertilisers grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.（过去分词作定语） 施用化肥种植的作物生长过快而营养不足学科网。 ③Organic farming, which avoids artificial chemicals, helps keep the soil healthy.（非限制性定语从句） 避开人工化学制剂的有机农业有助于保持土壤健康。 ④Whether organic farming can satisfy global food demand remains a problem.（主语从句） 有机农业能否满足全球粮食需求仍是问题。 利弊句库 4.范文背诵 范文一 Chemical Farming or Organic Farming Our class has held a discussion about chemical farming and organic farming. Personally, I am in favour of organic farming for the following reasons. It is true that chemical farming can produce more crops at a lower cost. Nevertheless, chemicals left in soil and crops do harm to our health. Organic farming makes use of natural materials instead of chemical fertilisers. Not only does it improve soil conditions, but it also provides consumers with safer and more tasty food. Though it requires more work and brings lower output, its longterm benefits are obvious. From my perspective, it is worthwhile to promote organic farming for a greener future. 范文二 Chemical Farming or Organic Farming Nowadays, there is a heated discussion about chemical farming and organic farming. From my point of view, neither of them is completely perfect. Chemical farming, which uses chemical fertilisers, helps increase production and fight crop disease. However, longterm use is harmful. Crops grown with chemicals grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. Besides, chemicals will pollute soil and water. By contrast, organic farming avoids artificial chemicals. It is environmentally friendly and produces safer food. Yet its output is lower and it costs more labour. All in all, we should take a balanced attitude. What matters most is that we should value both food output and environmental protection. Only in this way can we develop sustainable agriculture. 易错点01 because / because of 【错因辨析】 1.because：连词，引导原因状语从句，后面接完整句子。 He stayed home because it rained. 他待在家里，因为下雨了。 2.because of：介词短语，后面接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，不能接句子 He stayed home because of the rain.他因为下雨待在家里。 通常情况下两个可以互相转换。 ⑴He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 他没有参会，因为他生病了。 =He didn’t attend the meeting because of his being ill. ⑵She cried because she failed the exam. 她哭了，因为考试失利。 = She cried because of failing the exam. ⑶I respect him because he always keeps his promise. 我尊敬他，因为他总是信守承诺。 =I respect him because of his always keeping his promise. 【对点训练】 用because, because of 填空。 1. Many of us love July _____________ it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. 2. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, _____________ their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). 3. People settle in these places_________________ they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. 4. Her delay came ________________ she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. 5.“Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be exposed to the public ____________________Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 易错点02 as well / as well as / may as well 1.as well 副词短语：也；还 ✅用法：放在句子末尾，相当于 too；多用于肯定句，一般不用逗号隔开。 注意：否定句表达 “也” 用either，不用 as well /too。 例句： ⑴He likes travelling, and he enjoys local food as well. 他喜欢旅行，也喜爱当地美食。 ⑵She is good at English, and she does well in physics as well. 她擅长英语，物理也学得很好。 ⑶I bought some fruit and some drinks as well. 我买了一些水果，还买了一些饮料。 ❌否定句错误：He doesn’t like music as well. ✅正确：He doesn’t like music either. 他也不喜欢音乐。 2.as well as 有两种用法：并列连词、原级比较结构； ✔ 含义 1：并列连词 ➡ 和；也；以及 用来连接两个并列成分：名词、代词、形容词、动词、从句。 💡就远原则（最高频考点） A as well as B 作主语，谓语动词和 A 保持一致，与 B 无关。 翻译小技巧：先译 B，再译 A，“除 B 之外，A 也……” 例句: ⑴The teacher as well as the students enjoys the film. 除了学生之外，老师也喜欢这部电影。 👉真正主语：the teacher → 谓语 enjoys ⑵My parents as well as I are satisfied with the result. 除了我，我的父母也对这个结果满意。 👉真正主语：my parents → 谓语 are ⑶She is clever as well as hardworking. 她不仅勤奋，而且聪明。（连接形容词） ⑷He speaks as well as writes English. 他不但写英语，还说英语。（连接动词） ⑸She sings as well as plays the piano. 她不仅弹钢琴，还唱歌。(连接两个谓语动词) ✔ 含义 2：比较结构 ➡ 和…… 一样好 well 是副词，修饰前面的动词； 结构：实义动词 + as well as + 比较对象 否定：not as/so well as … 不如…… 好 He runs as well as his deskmate. 他跑的和同桌一样快。 She doesn’t dance as well as her sister. 她跳舞不如她姐姐跳得好。 ❗极易混淆： as good as 中 good 是形容词，修饰名词 / 作表语 as well as 表比较时 well 是副词，修饰动作 ✅ The work is as good as yours.（形容词，修饰 work）这份工作和你的一样好。 ✅ He does the work as well as you.（副词，修饰 does）他做这份工作做得和你一样好。 3.may as well 情态短语：不妨；倒不如；还是…… 的好 ✅语气：委婉提出建议，暗含 “没有更好选择，干脆就做某事”。 ✅结构：主语 + may /might as well + 动词原形 例句： ⑴Since it is raining, we may as well stay at home. 既然下雨了，我们不妨待在家里。 ⑵You might as well tell me the truth. You can’t hide it forever. 你倒不如跟我说实话，你瞒不了多久。 ⑶There is no bus now. We may as well walk home. 没有公交车了，我们还是步行回家吧。 ✅may 和 might 都可以，might as well 语气会更加委婉。 【对点训练】 用as well, as well as, may/might as well 填空。 1.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country ________________. 2.But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains_____________ beauty. 3.If you are going to take parttime jobs, you pick one related to your major. 4.Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black . 5.By the ancient Silk Road, silk many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 6.You tell me the whole truth. I’ve already known most of it. 7.It is also common for them to hold during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, other local festivals. 易错点03 It + be / 系动词 + adj./n./done +主语从句 / 强调句型 【错因辨析】 1.It 作形式主语（主语从句）（高考高频） 结构： It + be + adj. / 名词 / 过去分词 + that从句（真正主语） It 只是形式主语，真正的主语是后面 that 从句；翻译时把 that 从句翻译到主语位置。 分类： ① It + be + 形容词（important, necessary, obvious, true, strange, possible, certain） + that 从句 �It is obvious that he has made great progress. 很明显他取得了巨大进步。 👉真正主语：that he has made great progress 还原：That he has made great progress is obvious. （主语从句放句首，书面可以，但笨重，所以用 it 形式主语） ② It + be + 名词短语（a fact, a pity, a surprise, a wonder ）+ that 从句 �It is a pity that you missed the lecture. 很遗憾你错过了讲座。 还原：That you missed the lecture is a pity. ③ It + be + 过去分词（known, believed, thought, reported, suggested, hoped）+ that 从句（被动） �It is known to us that paper was invented in China. 众所周知纸发明于中国。 �It is reported that many people have taken part in the activity. 据报道很多人参加这次活动。 ⚠️形式主语关键特征： 去掉 It is … that，剩下的碎片不能直接组成完整句子。 例：It is obvious that he succeeded. 删掉 It is…that → obvious he succeeded，句子残缺，不是完整句子。 2.It is /was … that /who 强调句型 核心判定黄金法则： 把 It is/was 和 that/who 全部删掉，剩余部分重新排序，是一个完整通顺的原句子！ 结构： It is/was +【要强调的部分】+ that (人可用who) + 句子剩余部分，可以强调：主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语、原因状语（不能强调 although、since、though 引导的原因状语从句） 原句：He met his old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公园遇见老朋友。 ⑴. 强调主语： It was he that/who met his old friend in the park yesterday. 正是他昨天在公园遇见老朋友。 去掉 It was…that → he met his old friend in the park yesterday，完整句子 ✔ ⑵ 强调宾语： It was his old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. 昨天他在公园遇见的正是他的老朋友。 去掉框架：he met his old friend in the park yesterday ✔ ⑶强调地点状语： It was in the park that he met his old friend yesterday. 昨天正是在公园里，他遇见老朋友。 ❗易错：强调地点，不用 where，必须用 that！ ⑷ 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met his old friend in the park. 正是昨天他在公园遇见老朋友。 ❗强调时间不用 when，要用 that！ ⚠️重要提醒： 强调句型，就算强调时间、地点，连词只用 that/who，不能用 when/where。 否定强调：It is/was not … that… It was not until midnight that he went back home. 直到半夜他才回家。（not until 的强调，高考高频） 【对点训练】 判断下列句子是「形式主语」还是「强调句型」，并翻译。 1. It is obvious that the environment is getting worse. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.It was in the library that I came across the old photo. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.It is reported that more teenagers choose to do part-time jobs. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.It was last summer that we visited the mountain village. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.It is a pity that you missed the wonderful speech. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.It is honesty that matters most in our daily communication. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7.It is certain that human beings can protect our planet better. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 8.It was because of his hard work that he achieved his dream. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 9.It is believed that reading shapes our character. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 10.It was at the crossing that I met my former teacher. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 一、默写重点单词 1.___________________ n. 根；根源 v. 生根；扎根 2.___________________ v. 产出；屈服 n. 产量；产出 3.___________________ adj. 典型的；特有的 n. 特征；特点 4.___________________ adj. 可供选择的 n. 可供选择的事物 5.___________________ v. 获得；实现；达到 6.___________________ adj. 传统的；常规的 7.___________________ adj. 极其重要的；必不可少的 n. 必需品；要素 8.___________________ n. 假定；假设 9.___________________ v. 消化；领会 n. 摘要；文摘 10.___________________ adj. 强烈的；紧张的；激烈的 11.___________________ adj. 含盐的；咸的 12.___________________ n. 产量；输出 v. 输出 13.___________________ adj. 城市的；都市的 14.___________________ n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；轰击 15.___________________ n. 隧道；地道 16.___________________ n. 消耗；消费 17.___________________ v. 产生；生成；引起 18.___________________ v. 减轻；缓解 19.___________________ n. 贫穷；贫困 20.___________________ n. 方面；层面 二、词汇运用 1.He ___________ (致力于) most of his spare time to volunteer work in the past few years. 2.Severe natural disasters have caused food ___________ (短缺) in those remote villages.（复数） 3.A series of effective measures ___________ (处理) the pollution problem since last year. 4.The local government has put forward new policies ___________ (推动) the development of tourism. 5.We were ___________ (说服) that teamwork would make a big difference to our project. 6.After years of hard efforts, he ___________ (实现) his goal at last last year. 7.Lots of obstacles ___________ (克服) by the scientists during the research.（被动） 8.We must take all ___________ (方面) into consideration when making a plan.（复数） 9.The ___________ (现实) of global warming should arouse people’s attention. 10.Experts believe regular exercise is ___________ (至关重要的) to teenagers’ growth. 11.The news about the flood has gained ___________ (广泛的) public attention. 12.People are amazed at the ___________ (深度) of the ancient cave. 13.What he said is ___________ (完全地) contrary to the fact. 三、重点句型 1. 最让我们感动的是这位科学家把一生奉献给了乡村发展。 ___________________________________________ the scientist devoted his whole life to rural development. 2.据报道，新技术极大地促进了粮食产量的提升。 ______________________________ new technology has greatly boosted grain output. 3.鉴于水资源短缺，我们必须采取措施解决这个问题。 there is a shortage of water resources, we must take measures to tackle the problem. 4.最令老师吃惊的是他克服了所有困难取得了目标。 he overcame all the difficulties and attained his goal. 5. 据估计，这个城市的消费已经大幅增长。 consumption in this city has increased greatly. 四、课文语法填空 Yuan Longping, a great scientist known as “father of hybrid rice”, devoted his whole life to agricultural research. Yet, he considered 1.____________ (he) a farmer, for he spent plenty of time working in the fields. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. He cared deeply about the ordinary people 2._____________ struggled with food insecurity across the country. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan chose 3.__________ (study) agriculture to tackle food shortages. At that time, many villages suffered from serious hunger. Farmers hoped for 4.__________ (high) grain output than before, but the common assumption was that it was impossible to create hybrid rice for selfpollinating plants such as rice. Many experts doubted whether such 5.____________ goal could ever be achieved under poor experimental conditions. Through intense efforts, all the technical problems were overcome by Yuan and his team. The hybrid rice 6.__________ (develop) by them greatly improved grain production. Today, it 7.____________(estimate) that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China comes from hybrid strains,which have helped feed large numbers of people both at home and abroad. 8.__________ (actual), Yuan never stopped chasing his dreams even in his later years. He came up with creative ideas for seawater rice, which opened up possibilities of planting rice on salty land. Given his great 9._______________(achieve), he could have lived a life of leisure. Instead, he kept working hard and donated large sums of money to support agricultural science research. What impresses people most is his continuous desire to rid the world 10.__________ hunger. 五、阅读理解 A Scenes of autonomous tractors working diligently across Heilongjiang province's fertile black soil fields, while intelligent drones fly overhead to monitor crop growth, have become a common sight. As China's top grainproducing province for 16 consecutive years, Heilongjiang prioritizes agricultural technological innovation to sustain high and stable grain yields and improve farming efficiency and returns. Powered by smart farming solutions, technological upgrading is reshaping China’s important grain base, bolstering the country's food security. In Harbin, technicians from Heilongjiang DEWO Technology Development Co continuously develop and upgrade precision seeders with realtime operational monitoring systems. Founded in 2009, DEWO is a market leader in China’s research of potato planting, sowing and harvesting machinery. “The company has kept fullcapacity operation since April to customize precision seeding equipment, which directly supports planting efficiency,” said Wang Chunyan, the company’s general manager. Heilongjiang is a national pilot zone for largescale highend agricultural machinery. It takes the lead in the highquality development of domestic farm equipment industry and promotes efficiency upgrades for modern agriculture. DEWO, a nationallevel hightech enterprise, is one of local firms pushing forward China’s agricultural modernization. Heilongjiang Huida Technology Co produces a complete set of smart agricultural machines, such as cropprotection drones and intelligent waterfertilizer irrigation systems. Its flagship aerialspraying drone can carry over 70kilogram payload and cover large farmland within 10 minutes. Besides, its battery can reach 80 percent power after just 10minute charging. Over 300 of Huida’s 700 employees are engaged in R&D work. The company devotes itself to developing unmanned farming vehicles and robots as well as improving aftersales services. Huida’s drone products have been exported to 60 countries and regions. According to He Chunling from DEWO, Chinesemade farm machines have helped foreign farmers raise output. For example, potato yields in Kazakhstan have risen steadily after local farmers adopted DEWO’s planting equipment. Zhang Yu, head of Huida, expressed the hope to offer Chinese digitalfarming solutions to the whole world. 1. What do we know about Heilongjiang from the first two paragraphs? A. It has been China’s major grain producer for sixteen years. B. It plans to import large numbers of foreign farm machines. C. Its food security mainly depends on traditional farming methods. D. Black soil fields there are no longer suitable for crop planting. 2. What can we infer about DEWO according to Paragraph 3? A. It was set up to produce drones for crop protection. B. Its equipment is tailormade to satisfy practical farming needs. C. Its products are mainly sold to overseas market. D. It began fullcapacity operation in the year 2009. 3. What can be inferred about local hightech agricultural companies? A. They spend little money on aftersales service. B. R&D work occupies a large part of their attention. C. They refuse to cooperate with foreign partners. D. Their products can work well without human operators all the time. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards Chinese smart agricultural machinery? A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Critical. D. Objective. B Not long ago, 85yearold agronomist Zhao Yafu was seen strolling through rice paddies in Jiangsu province, checking crop growth. Even at his advanced age, he still spends about twothirds of the year in the fields, traveling between experimental plots and rural villages. More a field researcher than a ceremonial guest, Zhao attended the ceremony in Beijing when the CPC marked its 105th founding anniversary. At the event, Xi Jinping presented the July 1 Medal, the Party’s highest honor, to model Party members for their lifelong devotion. Zhao was among the eight recipients this year. When they met, Xi asked about his health and praised his longterm devotion to agriculture. For Zhao, the medal was never an ending. “As long as I am physically able, I will keep learning, working and serving farmers for as long as I live,” he stated. The July 1 Medal is generally awarded every five years for major Party anniversaries. It honors people from varied walks of life. Wu Yaqin, a 66yearold community worker, devoted thirty years to neighborhood service in Changchun. She has settled over 1,000 disputes and won local residents’ trust. Two elderly medal winners were wheeled onto the stage. Xi bent down to shake their hands to show sincere respect. Among them was 90yearold Wang Yuchang, a war veteran who lived a simple quiet life after military service. Another 90yearold recipient Zhong Jue, an academician, achieved remarkable breakthroughs in key nationalproject research despite her simple lifestyle. Other honorees included village leaders, community mediators, doctors and technical experts. Some worked in remote rural areas, while others made breakthroughs in hardcore engineering. One passed away before the ceremony and received the honor posthumously. The July 1 Medal belongs to China’s formal Partyandstate honor system, which also includes the Medal of the Republic, the August 1 Medal and other titles. Famous figures such as Yuan Longping are among previous medal winners. Beyond awarding honors, related systems are set up to give recipients practical support. More importantly, these awards are meant to inspire ordinary Party members and the public. Many grassroots workers say they feel motivated by those role models and intend to devote themselves to their own work. 5. What can we learn about Zhao Yafu from the first two paragraphs? A. He seldom goes to the rice paddies in his old age. B. He regards the July 1 Medal as a finish line of his career. C. He received the July 1 Medal for his devotion to agriculture. D. He began to do agricultural research when the CPC turned 105. 6.What can we infer about this year’s July 1 Medal recipients from Paragraph 3? A. All of them are elderly scientific researchers. B. Their contributions cover different fields of society. C. Every one of them has made great achievements in agriculture. D. They all appeared on the stage of the ceremony in person. 7.What does the underlined word “posthumously” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. after one’s death B. at a young age C. for one’s hometown D. for outstanding youth 8.What is the main idea of the text? A. The history of China’s various state honor systems. B. Stories of some July 1 Medal winners and the meaning of the honor. C. The great achievements made by Chinese model agricultural researchers. D. Different ways for ordinary people to get national honors in China. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Working the Land 词汇 一、阅读词汇 单词 1. hybrid adj. 混合的；杂交的 n. 杂交植物；混合物 2. root n. 根；根源 v. 生根；扎根 3. yield v. 产出；屈服 n. 产量；产出 4. hatch v. 孵化；策划 5. characteristic adj. 典型的；特有的 n. 特征；特点 6. grocery n. 食品杂货；杂货店 7. alternative adj. 可供选择的 n. 可供选择的事物 8. attain v. 获得；实现；达到 9. mineral n. 矿物质；矿物 10. conventional adj. 传统的；常规的 11. essential adj. 极其重要的；必不可少的 n. 必需品；要素 12. pollinate v. 授粉；传粉 13. bacteria n. 细菌 14. assumption n. 假定；假设 15. digest v. 消化；领会 n. 摘要；文摘 16. intense adj. 强烈的；紧张的；激烈的 17. extend v. 延伸；扩大；延长 18. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 19. output n. 产量；输出 v. 输出 20. urban adj. 城市的；都市的 21. estimate v. & n. 估计；估算 22. bomb n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；轰击 23. domestic adj. 国内的；家庭的；家养的 24. tunnel n. 隧道；地道 25. consumption n. 消耗；消费 26. extension n. 扩大；延伸；延期 27. chemical adj. 化学的 n. 化学品 28. generate v. 产生；生成；引起 29. strain n. 压力；负担；品种 v. 拉伤；竭力 30. wheat n. 小麦 31. flavour n. 味道；风味 v. 给…… 调味 32. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲 33. fertiliser n. 肥料；化肥 34. soil n. 土壤；土地 35. nutritional adj. 营养的；滋养的 36. celebrity n. 名人；名流；名望 37. nutrition n. 营养；滋养 38. sorghum n. 高粱 39. alleviate v. 减轻；缓解 40. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 41. broom n. 扫帚 42. organic adj. 有机的；绿色的；生物的 43. grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 44. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；农药 45. vision n. 视力；视野；愿景 二、写作词汇： 单词 1. devote v. 致力于；奉献 2. shortage n. 短缺；不足 3. tackle v. 处理；解决；应付 4. boost v. 促进；推动；增强 n. 推动；助力 5. convince v. 使确信；说服 6. attain v. 获得；实现；达到 7. overcome v. 克服；战胜 8. reality n. 现实；实际情况 9. widespread adj. 广泛的；普遍的 10. essential adj. 至关重要的；必要的 11. depth n. 深度；深刻 12. entirely adv. 完全地；全部地 13. aspect n. 方面；层面 短语 1. devote…to 致力于；奉献于 2. be composed of 由…… 组成 3. deep down 在内心深处；本质上 4. in turn 反过来；依次；轮流 5. for instance 例如；比如 6. work as 担任；充当 7. varieties of 各种各样的 8. enable sb to do 使某人能够做某事 9. allow sb to do 允许某人做某事 10. depend on 依靠；取决于 11. because of 因为；由于 12. far from 远非；完全不 13. fulfil one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 14. succeed in doing 成功做某事 15. at home and abroad 在国内外 16. open up 开启；开创；开放 17. commit oneself to 致力于；投身于 18. take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 19. be lit with 被…… 照亮 20. make use of 利用 21. adapt to 适应 22. be intended to do 旨在；目的是做某事 23. not only…but also 不仅…… 而且 24. in addition 此外；另外 25. be rich in 富含；富有 26. turn to sth 求助于；转向某物 27. focus on 集中于；专注于 28. keep sb free of… 使某人免受…… 29. keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 30. as …as possible 尽可能…… 三、词汇变形： 1.devote vt. 把…… 献（给）；把…… 专用于；专心于 → devotion n. 奉献；忠诚 → devoted adj. 忠实的；投入的 2.shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短缺的；不足的 → shorten v. 缩短 3.boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 → booster n. 助推器；支持者 4.yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产；产生 vi. 屈服；让步 → yielding adj. 能生产的；肥沃的 5.convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 → conviction n. 说服；确信 → convincing adj. 令人信服的 → convinced adj. 确信的 6.characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 → characterise v. 描述…… 的特征；以…… 为特色 → characterization n. 特性；特征描述 7.attain vt.（通常经过努力）获得；得到 → attainment n. 成就；造诣；获得 8.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 → convention n. 惯例；习俗；常规 → conventionally adv. 按照惯例；传统上地 9.pollinate vt. 授粉；传粉 → pollination n. 授粉；传粉 → pollinator n. 传粉者；授花粉器 10.assumption n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得 → assume vt. 假定；设想；承担 11.intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → intensely adv. 强烈地；紧张地 → intensity n. 强烈；紧张；强度 12.expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务） → expansion n. 扩张；扩展；膨胀 → expandable adj. 可扩张的 13.estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 → estimator n. 估价员；评估师 → estimated adj. 估计的；估算的 14.domestic adj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 → domestically adv. 国内地；家庭式地 15.consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 → consume vt. 消耗；消费；吃；喝 → consumptive adj. 消耗性的 16.generate vt. 产生；引起 → generation n. 一代；一代人；产生 → generator n. 发电机；发生器 → generative adj. 生殖的；产生的 17.strain n.（动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力 v. 拉伤；尽力 → strained adj. 紧张的；疲惫的 18.leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 → leisurely adj. 空闲的；业余的 19.envision vt. 展望；想象 → vision n. 视野；视力；愿景→ visual adj.视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的 → visible明显的；看得见的；现有的；可得到的 → visibly adv.明显地；显然；看得见地 → visibility n. 能见度，可见性；能见距离；明显性 20.reality n. 现实；实际情况；事实 → real adj. 真实的；现实的 → really adv. 真正地；实际上 → realise vt. 实现；意识到 21.salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 → salt n. 盐 → salt vt. 给…… 加盐 22.urban adj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的 → urbanization n. 城市化 → urbanise vt. 使城市化 23.extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机 → extend vt. 扩大；延伸；延长 → extensive adj. 广阔的；广大的 24.chemical adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品 → chemistry n. 化学 → chemist n. 化学家 25.flavour n. 味道；特点；特色 v. 给…… 调味 → flavourful adj. 美味的；有风味的 → flavouring n. 调味料；香料 26.fertiliser n. 肥料 → fertilise vt. 施肥；使受精 → fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 → fertility n. 肥沃；肥力 27.nutritional adj. 营养（物）的 → nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 → nutrition n. 营养；滋养 → nurture vt. 滋养；给…… 营养 28.alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 → alleviation n. 减轻；缓和 29.poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 → poor adj. 贫穷的；贫困的 30.organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 → organism n. 有机物；有机体；生物体 → organ n. 器官；机构 31.digest vt. & vi. 消化；领会；领悟 n. 摘要；文摘 → digestion n. 消化；消化能力 → digestible adj. 可消化的 32.essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 n. 必需品；要素 → essentially adv. 本质上；根本上 → essence n. 本质；实质 33.alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 → alternatively adv. 二者择一地；作为选择 → alternate vt. 交替 34.grocery n. 食品杂货店；[pl.] 食品杂货 → grocer n. 食品杂货商 35.depth n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度） → deep adj. 深的 → deeply adv. 深深地 → deepen vt. 加深；变深 36.root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源 v. 生根；扎根 → rooted adj. 根深蒂固的 37.entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地 → entire adj. 全部的；完整的；整个的 四、熟词生义 1. attain 熟义：vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到 生义：vt. 达到（某年龄、水平、状况） 例句： The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph. 猎豹的奔跑速度每小时可达97公里。 2. expand 熟义：vt&vi. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展（业务） 生义：vt. 细谈；详述；详细阐明 例句：(2022·全国乙卷) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. 在Wickenden的书中，作者不仅详述了西方历史，还探讨了女权主义——这自然影响了女孩们前往Elkhead的决定。 3. domestic 熟义：adj. adj. 国内的，本国的；家用的，家庭的 生义：adj.非野生的，驯养的 例句：While many wild species struggle to survive in the changing environment, some domestic animals, such as chickens and cattle, have lived alongside human beings for thousands of years. 尽管许多野生物种在不断变化的环境中艰难求生，但一些驯养的动物，例如鸡和牛，已经和人类共同生活了数千年。 4. grain 熟义：n.谷物，谷粒；颗粒 生义：n. 推则，常情；少量，微量，一点儿 例句：(2022·全国一卷) In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. 在每年有近8亿人面临饥饿的世界上，“食物浪费与道德准则背道而驰”，伊丽莎白·罗伊特在本月封面文章中如此写道。 There isn't a grain of truth in those rumours. 那些谣传一点也不可靠。 5. bomb 熟义：n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；轰击 生义：n. 彻底的失败 例句：The musical was a complete bomb on Broadway,and lost a lot of money. 这部音乐剧在百老汇彻底失败，赔了很多钱。 6.essential 熟义：adj. 必不可少的，非常重要的；基本的 生义：n. 必不可少的东西，必需品 例句：The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water. 工作室里备有基本设施，如暖气装置和自来水。 写作 句型 1. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，令他最为担忧的是，农民们往往收成不佳，有时甚至面临严重的粮食短缺问题。 ▲what concerned him most是what引导的主语从句；that引导表语从句。 ▲固定句式：what+v.+sb.+most + was/is + that-表语从句:最...的是... ⑴ What impressed us most was that the old man devoted all his time to helping poor children. 令我们印象最深的是，这位老人把全部时间用来帮助贫困孩子。 ⑵ What surprised us most was that the small town had changed beyond recognition. 让我们最为惊讶的是，这座小镇已经变得认不出来。 2. Today, it is estimated that about 60% percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算，目前中国国内稻米消费量中约有60%由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种所产出，而这些品种已使中国农民每年能生产约2亿吨稻米。 ▲固定句式：It is estimated that...... 据估算......; it 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，即主语从句。 ▲类似结构： It is said that...... 据说...... ; It is believed that......人们相信......; It is reported that......据报道...... It is known that… 众所周知……； It is thought that… 人们认为…… ⑴ It is estimated that over 300 million people in China take part in various kinds of sports every year. 据估算，中国每年有超过 3 亿人参与各类体育运动。 ⑵ It is thought that green travel can cut down air pollution. 人们认为绿色出行可以减少空气污染。 ⑶ It is known that reading broadens our horizons. 众所周知阅读能够拓宽我们的视野。 ⑷ It is said that this ancient village has a history of more than one thousand years. 据说这座古村落拥有一千多年的历史。 ⑸ It is believed that regular exercise can help improve people’s mental health. 人们相信规律运动有助于改善人们的心理健康。 ⑹ It is reported that the new local library will be open to the public next month. 据报道，这座新建的地方图书馆将于下月对公众开放。 3. Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one mgiht think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到袁的杂交品种使他积累了相当可观的财富，人们或许会认为他会选择退休，过上悠闲的生活。 ▲固定句型：Given that + 从句：考虑到；鉴于…… ▲given 此处是介词，不是 give 的过去分词；后面直接接 that 从句，表已知的前提条件。 Given that time is limited, we should finish the task as soon as possible. 考虑到时间有限，我们应当尽快完成这项任务。 语法 主语从句 写作 写一篇有关化肥农业与有机农业看法的议论文 一、知识点精讲 1.devote vt.把......用于；把......专用于；专心于 短语： ▶ devote......to (doing) sth 把......用于；献身；致力于；专心 ▶ devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于；献身于 ⑴ I could only devote two hours a day to the work.我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。 ⑵ She devoted herself to her career.她全力倾注于自己的事业。 【词汇拓展】 ▶ ⑴ devoted adj. 挚爱的，忠诚的；热衷的 (2021-2026年考查三次) be devoted to (doing) sth. 深爱某事; 致力于某事 ①（2026·全国二卷) He is devoted to health education. 他致力于健康教育。 ②（2021·全国二卷) The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a policeman However,he is more devoted (devote) to his “role "than any real actor. 60岁的他不是演员，而是一名警察。然而，他比任何真正的演员都更专注于自己的“角色”。 ▶ ⑵ devotion n. n. 挚爱，忠诚；奉献；忠心 （2026·全国二卷）Reisley believes that his devotion (devote) to the home and the community are what have kept him in such good health all of these years. 2.（2020-2026年考查五次）convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 短语： ▶ convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事 ▶ convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 ▶ convince sb that....... 使某人确信...... ⑴ You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。 ⑵ I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 ⑶（2021·全国二卷) Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. 他在该行业拥有多年的经验——以及多次尝试运用技术却均未成功的经历——使他确信，检查牛只的最佳方式是由人骑马进行。 ⑷（2020·全国二卷)He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. 他表示，要让人们相信河狸鼠皮是绿色的并非易事，但他对此毫无疑虑。 【词汇拓展】 ▶ ⑴ convinced be convinced of sth. 确认某事 be convinced that....... 确认....... ①（2026·全国一卷)However, as I finish up my junior year of college, I’m convinced that it took leaving our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it. 然而，随着我即将完成大学三年级学业，我深信，唯有离开我们的小城镇，我才真正意识到我们对这里有多么热爱，以及我们究竟爱的是这里的哪些方面。 ②（2026·全国二卷)After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I went off to study teaching. 本科毕业后，我深信写作并非我的强项，便转而攻读教育学专业。 ▶ ⑵ convincing （2021·全国二卷)Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the appearance of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the trust of the beggars. 【易混辨析】 convinced “感到信服的”（主语是人），内心被说服，相信某事 convincing “令人信服的”（主语是物 / 事），事物本身有说服力 3.comprise vt.包括；包含；由......组成 The collection comprises (comprise) 327 paintings. 这部画册收有327幅画。 短语： ▶ be comprised of .......由......组成 = be made up of ...... = consist of ...... = be composed of The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors. 委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。 4. (2019-2025年考查四次) estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 ⑴The satellite will cost an estimated (estimate)￡400 million. 这颗卫星估计要耗资4亿英镑。 ⑵（2023·全国一卷)The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates (estimate) could be quite accurate. 他所进行的估计实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计值的平均值可能相当精确。 短语： ▶ estimate sth.(at...) 估算某物（达到...） ▶ estimate that... 估计... ▶ be estimated to be ... 估计是... ▶ be estimated to do /to have done sth. 估计做/做了某事 ▶ It is estimated that ...... 据估计...... （2025·全国一卷)It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 据估计，到2050年，全球电力需求可能增长逾两倍。 【词汇拓展】 ▶ ⑴ underestimate v. 低估，对……估计不足；轻视 n. 低估，对……估计不足 （2019·全国三卷)When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. 当研究团队更仔细地审视实验结果时，他们发现：当两个数值接近时，猴子倾向于低估其总和——例如，有时它们会选择13，而非8与6的总和。 ▶ ⑵ overestimate v. 过高估计（能力、影响或价值）；过高估计（规格、数量、数字等） n. 过高的估计 （2023·全国一卷)Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. 有些人倾向于高估，而有些人则倾向于低估。 5. in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 （2023·全国二卷) I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. 我把我的作品发布在社交媒体上，反过来，我也遇到了一些最善良的人。 【短语归纳】 ▶ in one’s turn 轮到某人 ▶ by turns 轮流；交替地 ▶ take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 ▶ take turns in/at doing sth 轮流做某事 ▶ It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 ▶ turn up出现；调大 ▶ turn down 调小；拒绝 ▶ turn out 结果是，证明是；生产；关掉 ▶ turn on 打开 ▶ turn off 关掉 ▶ turn over 翻转；移交；仔细考虑 ▶ turn away 拒之门外；避开 ▶ turn to 求助于；转向 ▶ turn into 变成 ▶ turn against 背叛；反对 ▶ turn in 上交；上床睡觉 （2024·全国一卷)Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -- say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same  person. 音频与视频相比文本可能更具吸引力，因此高校教师正越来越多地采用这些技术——例如，将要求学生撰写文章改为安排在线讲座。 二、核心语法精讲 主语从句 一．定义：在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。是高考重要考点之一，也是高频考点。主要设题于语法填空，阅读理解和书面表达。 二．位置： ㈠ 位于句首，结构：主语从句+谓语+其他 ㈡ 位于句末，结构：It +谓语+其他+主语从句㈢ 3． 连接词：连接词是用来引导主语从句的词。分为连接词，连接代词和连接副词。 类别 引导词 词义 从句可充当成分 连接词 that 无词义 不充当成分 whether 是否 不充当成分 连接代词 who 谁 主语、表语 whom 谁 宾语 whose 谁的 定语 what 什么；… 的事物/...的东西 主语、宾语、表语 which 哪一个；哪些 主语、宾语、定语 连接副词 when 什么时候；何时；… 的时候 时间状语 where 哪里；… 的地方 地点状语 how 怎样、如何；多么；… 的方式 方式状语 why 为什么；… 的原因 原因状语 4． 基本用法 （一）连接词： 1. that：无词义，不做成分，不能省略。 that 只起连接作用，不在从句里做成分。 ✅ That he passed the exam surprises us. 他通过考试这件事让我们很惊讶。 ⚠️ 高考高频：that 引导主语从句，绝对不能省。 2. whether：不作成分，有含义 “是否”。 ✅ Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去露营取决于天气。 ❌ 主语从句不能用 if 引导！（if 不能放句首引导主语从句） （二）连接代词：what /who/whom /whose/which在从句中作主 / 宾 / 定语，有词义。 1.what：什么；…… 的事 / 物，在从句做主语、宾语。 ✅ What he said is true. 他说的话是真的。 2.who：谁，在从句中作主语。 ✅ Who will take charge of the project hasn’t been decided. 谁来负责这个项目还没定。 3.whom: 谁，在从句中作宾语。 ✅Whom we will invite hasn’t been decided. 我们将要邀请谁，还没有决定。 4.which：哪一个；哪些，在从句中作主语，宾语和定语。 ✅Which kind of food is the best is still not certain. 哪种食物是最好的仍然不确定。 5.whose：谁的，在从句中作定语。 ✅Whose handwriting is the best hasn’t been known yet. 谁的书写最好还不知道。 ✅Whose advice we should follow makes a great difference. 我们应当听从谁的建议至关重要。 6.Whoever: 无论谁; ...的任何人, 在从句中作主语。 ✅Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法者都将受到处罚 7.whatever: 无论什么，在从句中主语，宾语 ✅Whatever you do should be based on reality. （做宾语） 你所做的一切都应当立足现实。 ✅Whatever is worth doing deserves our full attention. （作主语） 凡是值得做的事，都值得我们全心投入。 ✅Whatever he was at that time makes no difference to us now. (做表语) 他过去是什么身份，对我们现在已经不重要。 （三）连接副词：when /where/why /how在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因、方式） ✅ How we can improve our grades is our main task. 我们如何提高成绩是我们的主要任务。 ✅Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 它们为何突然消失，至今仍是个谜。 ✅ Where we should build the library is under discussion. 我们应该在哪里修建图书馆正在讨论之中。 ✅When the new policy will come into effect is still unknown. 新政策何时生效尚不为人知。 （四）it 作形式主语：⭐高考最高频 为了避免主语太长，用it做为句子的形式主语，把主语从句放到句子的末尾。 结构：It + be / 系动词 + adj./n./done + 真正主语从句 ✅四大经典句型（必背）： �1.It is + 形容词（obvious, true, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain) + that 从句 It is obvious that he has made great progress. 很明显他取得了很大进步。 �2.It is +名词(a pity, a shame, good news, an honor, no wonder等) + that 从句 It is a fact that practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧是一个事实。 �3.It is + 过去分词(said, known, reported, believed, thought, expected, decided, announced等) + that 从句 ①It is reported that many houses were damaged in the storm. 据报道很多房屋在暴风雨中受损。 ②It is believed that hard work leads to success. 人们相信努力带来成功。 �4.⑴It is necessary/important等 + that (should) do ,句型中用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 ① It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。 ② It is important that every student (should) obey the school rules. 每个学生遵守校规很重要。 ⑵It is suggested/ordered/required/demanded/desired/requested/ recommended等 + that (should) do 表示建议、命令、要求，从句必须用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省 ①It is demanded that the problem (should) be solved at once. 要求这个问题立刻得到解决。 ②It is requested that you (should) arrive ahead of time. 恳请你提前到达。 ③It is recommended that teenagers (should) sleep for eight hours a day. 建议青少年每天睡八小时。 5． 注意事项 1. 主谓一致 ⑴一个主语从句，主句谓语动词用单数。 Whether the patient will be taken is unknown. ⑵多个并列的主语从句，主句谓语动词用复数。 When the task can be finished and whether he can have a rest are unknown. ⑶what在主语从句中做宾语时，主句谓语动词由主句的表语决定单复数。 What he wants most is staying with his family. ⑷It在主语从句中做形式主语时，主句谓语动词用单数。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. 主语从句语序 主语从句的语序应用陈述语序。 ⑴Where we will have a picnic should be discussed. √ Where will we have a picnic should be discussed. O ⑵How we go for a picnic should be discussed. √ How do we go for a picnic should be discussed. O 6． 解题策略 （1） 根据位置确定是主语从句。 （2） 分析主语从句的成分。 （3） 若缺少主语，宾语，或者表语，用连接代词。 （4） 若缺少状语，用连接副词。 （5） 根据语意缺什么补什么，都不缺用that或whether。 【巩固练习】 1.（2021·全国一卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2.________ will win the speech competition is still unknown to us. 3.________ he will accept our invitation hasn’t been confirmed. 4.________ surprised us most was that he gave up the good job. 5.________ the ancient city was built remains a mystery. 6.It is clear ________ he has made great progress in physics. 7.________ road we should take has caused a heated discussion. 8.________ he disappeared suddenly puzzles every person around him. 9.________ we can improve our reading speed is worth thinking about. 10.________ he did in the past has nothing to do with his present life. 11.________ will be in charge of the project hasn’t been discussed yet. 12.It is believed ________ hard work can change one’s fate. 13.________ dictionary you choose depends on your own need. 14. ________ he could solve the difficult problem so quickly amazed all of us. 15.________ the sports meeting will be held depends on the weather condition. 【答案】 1. What 2.Who 3.Whether 4.What 5.When/How 6.that 7.Which 8.Why 9.How 10.What 11.Who 12.that 13.Which 14.How 15.When/Whether 【详解】 1.解析：主语从句____ is so breathtaking about the experience，从句缺少主语，指 “这次经历中令人震撼的事物”，用 What。 句意：这次经历中令人如此震撼的是超凡脱俗的景色。 2.解析：主语从句缺少主语，指人 “谁”，故用 Who。 句意：谁将赢得演讲比赛我们还不知道。 3.解析：从句成分完整；句意表 “是否”。主语从句放句首表 “是否” 只能用 whether，不能用 if。 句意：他是否会接受我们的邀请尚未得到确认。 4，解析：从句缺少主语，指 “…… 的事情”，故用 What。 句意：最让我们惊讶的是他放弃了那份好工作。 5.解析：从句成分完整；根据 mystery（谜），表达时间 “何时”或者表示方式，用 When或How。 句意：这座古城建于何时仍然是个谜。/ 这座古城是如何被建的任然是个谜。 6.解析：It 是形式主语，真正主语为 that 从句；从句句意完整、不缺成分，用 that。固定句型：It is clear that… 很明显……。 句意：很明显他在物理上取得了巨大进步。 7.解析：后面有名词 road，表在多个当中做选择 “哪一条”，用 Which。 句意：我们该走哪条路引发了激烈的讨论。 8.解析：从句结构完整；句意表原因 “为什么”，用 Why。 句意：他突然消失的原因使身边所有人感到困惑。 9.解析：从句成分完整；表方式 “如何，怎样”，用 How。 句意：我们如何提高阅读速度值得思考。 10.解析：从句中 did 缺少宾语，“他过去所做的事”，what 作 did 的宾语。 句意：他过去所做的事与他现在的生活无关。 11.解析：从句缺主语，指人 “谁”，用 Who。 句意：谁将负责这个项目还没有被讨论。 12.解析：It 形式主语，真正主语为后面从句；从句语义完整不缺成分。固定句型 It is believed that… 人们相信……。 句意：人们相信努力可以改变一个人的命运。 13.解析：修饰后面名词 dictionary，表选择 “哪一本”，用 Which。 句意：你选择哪本词典取决于你自己的需求。 14. 解析：从句成分完整；表方式 “如何”，用 How。 句意：他竟能如此快地解决这个难题，让我们所有人都大为震惊。 15. 解析：从句完整；根据后文 depends on the weather（取决于天气），可以表示时间 “何时”。 句意：运动会何时举办取决于天气状况。也可以用whether，句意：运动会是否举办取决于天气情况。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 话题：化学化肥农业与有机农业的利弊对比，发表个人看法 化肥农业优势：提升粮食产量、对抗农作物病害；弊端：破坏土壤、污染水土、作物营养不足、危害人体健康 有机农业优势：保护环境、食品安全健康、修复土壤；弊端：产量偏低、耗费更多人力、成本高 写作任务：客观对比两者，给出辩证观点，提倡兼顾粮食产量与生态环境的可持续农业。 2. 写作框架（三段式万能模板） Para.1 引入话题 + 个人立场（总） Nowadays, there is a heated discussion about… On the one hand… On the other hand… From my point of view, a balanced way should be encouraged. Para.2 对比利弊，分两点论证（分） Chemical farming, which…, has its strengths. It can… However, its drawbacks can not be ignored. Longterm use of chemical fertilisers may… By contrast, organic farming focuses on… It is beneficial to… Yet it has limits, for… Para.3 总结 + 建议（总） All in all, neither of them is perfect. What matters most is that we should… Only in this way can we achieve sustainable agriculture. 3.写作素材 (1) 高级核心词汇 chemical fertilisers 化肥 increase production 增产 fight crop disease 抵御作物病害 rich in nutrition 富含营养 environmentally friendly 环保 sustainable agriculture 可持续农业 turn to 转向 be harmful to 对…… 有害 (2)高分句型 ①What worries people most is that chemical fertilisers do harm to soil and human health.（主语从句） 最令人们担忧的是化肥伤害土壤与人类健康。 ②Crops grown with chemical fertilisers grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.（过去分词作定语） 施用化肥种植的作物生长过快而营养不足学科网。 ③Organic farming, which avoids artificial chemicals, helps keep the soil healthy.（非限制性定语从句） 避开人工化学制剂的有机农业有助于保持土壤健康。 ④Whether organic farming can satisfy global food demand remains a problem.（主语从句） 有机农业能否满足全球粮食需求仍是问题。 利弊句库 4.范文背诵 范文一 Chemical Farming or Organic Farming Our class has held a discussion about chemical farming and organic farming. Personally, I am in favour of organic farming for the following reasons. It is true that chemical farming can produce more crops at a lower cost. Nevertheless, chemicals left in soil and crops do harm to our health. Organic farming makes use of natural materials instead of chemical fertilisers. Not only does it improve soil conditions, but it also provides consumers with safer and more tasty food. Though it requires more work and brings lower output, its longterm benefits are obvious. From my perspective, it is worthwhile to promote organic farming for a greener future. 范文二 Chemical Farming or Organic Farming Nowadays, there is a heated discussion about chemical farming and organic farming. From my point of view, neither of them is completely perfect. Chemical farming, which uses chemical fertilisers, helps increase production and fight crop disease. However, longterm use is harmful. Crops grown with chemicals grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. Besides, chemicals will pollute soil and water. By contrast, organic farming avoids artificial chemicals. It is environmentally friendly and produces safer food. Yet its output is lower and it costs more labour. All in all, we should take a balanced attitude. What matters most is that we should value both food output and environmental protection. Only in this way can we develop sustainable agriculture. 易错点01 because / because of 【错因辨析】 1.because：连词，引导原因状语从句，后面接完整句子。 He stayed home because it rained. 他待在家里，因为下雨了。 2.because of：介词短语，后面接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，不能接句子 He stayed home because of the rain.他因为下雨待在家里。 通常情况下两个可以互相转换。 ⑴He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 他没有参会，因为他生病了。 =He didn’t attend the meeting because of his being ill. ⑵She cried because she failed the exam. 她哭了，因为考试失利。 = She cried because of failing the exam. ⑶I respect him because he always keeps his promise. 我尊敬他，因为他总是信守承诺。 =I respect him because of his always keeping his promise. 【对点训练】 用because, because of 填空。 1. Many of us love July _____________ it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. 【答案】because 【解析】空格后面是完整句子（it’s the month…），有主谓，用连词 because。句意：我们中的许多人喜爱七月——因为这是大自然中浆果和核果丰收的时节。 2. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, _____________ their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). 【答案】because of 【解析】 空格后是名词短语 their seeds，不是句子，没有谓语动词，介词短语用 because of。句意：在常见浆果中，草莓维生素 C 含量最高，不过，由于含有籽，树莓含有更多一点的蛋白质、铁和锌（当然水果本身蛋白质含量并不高）。 3. People settle in these places_________________ they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. 【答案】because 【解析】后面是完整分句 they are easy…，主谓齐全，填 because。句意：人们定居在这些地方，因为这些地方交通便利，天然适合通讯与贸易。 4. Her delay came ________________ she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. 【答案】because 【解析】后面 she was carrying… 完整句子，填 because。句意：她之所以耽搁，是因为她正搀扶一名对手冲过终点线。 5.“Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be exposed to the public ____________________Italy’s privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 【答案】because of 【解析】空格后是名词短语 Italy’s privacy laws（意大利的隐私法），无谓语，填 because of。句意：尼科洛在都灵一家工厂通宵工作完毕，由于意大利隐私法，他的真实姓名不能公之于众。 易错点02 as well / as well as / may as well 1.as well 副词短语：也；还 ✅用法：放在句子末尾，相当于 too；多用于肯定句，一般不用逗号隔开。 注意：否定句表达 “也” 用either，不用 as well /too。 例句： ⑴He likes travelling, and he enjoys local food as well. 他喜欢旅行，也喜爱当地美食。 ⑵She is good at English, and she does well in physics as well. 她擅长英语，物理也学得很好。 ⑶I bought some fruit and some drinks as well. 我买了一些水果，还买了一些饮料。 ❌否定句错误：He doesn’t like music as well. ✅正确：He doesn’t like music either. 他也不喜欢音乐。 2.as well as 有两种用法：并列连词、原级比较结构； ✔ 含义 1：并列连词 ➡ 和；也；以及 用来连接两个并列成分：名词、代词、形容词、动词、从句。 💡就远原则（最高频考点） A as well as B 作主语，谓语动词和 A 保持一致，与 B 无关。 翻译小技巧：先译 B，再译 A，“除 B 之外，A 也……” 例句: ⑴The teacher as well as the students enjoys the film. 除了学生之外，老师也喜欢这部电影。 👉真正主语：the teacher → 谓语 enjoys ⑵My parents as well as I are satisfied with the result. 除了我，我的父母也对这个结果满意。 👉真正主语：my parents → 谓语 are ⑶She is clever as well as hardworking. 她不仅勤奋，而且聪明。（连接形容词） ⑷He speaks as well as writes English. 他不但写英语，还说英语。（连接动词） ⑸She sings as well as plays the piano. 她不仅弹钢琴，还唱歌。(连接两个谓语动词) ✔ 含义 2：比较结构 ➡ 和…… 一样好 well 是副词，修饰前面的动词； 结构：实义动词 + as well as + 比较对象 否定：not as/so well as … 不如…… 好 He runs as well as his deskmate. 他跑的和同桌一样快。 She doesn’t dance as well as her sister. 她跳舞不如她姐姐跳得好。 ❗极易混淆： as good as 中 good 是形容词，修饰名词 / 作表语 as well as 表比较时 well 是副词，修饰动作 ✅ The work is as good as yours.（形容词，修饰 work）这份工作和你的一样好。 ✅ He does the work as well as you.（副词，修饰 does）他做这份工作做得和你一样好。 3.may as well 情态短语：不妨；倒不如；还是…… 的好 ✅语气：委婉提出建议，暗含 “没有更好选择，干脆就做某事”。 ✅结构：主语 + may /might as well + 动词原形 例句： ⑴Since it is raining, we may as well stay at home. 既然下雨了，我们不妨待在家里。 ⑵You might as well tell me the truth. You can’t hide it forever. 你倒不如跟我说实话，你瞒不了多久。 ⑶There is no bus now. We may as well walk home. 没有公交车了，我们还是步行回家吧。 ✅may 和 might 都可以，might as well 语气会更加委婉。 【对点训练】 用as well, as well as, may/might as well 填空。 1.The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country ________________. 【答案】as well 【解析】 放在句末，表示 “也”，用 as well。句意：黄石狼项目是一项很有价值的实验，帮助生物学家判断是否也要把狼重新引入这个国家的其他地区。 2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains_____________ beauty. 【答案】as well as 【解析】as well as 连接两个名词 brains 和 beauty，意为 “和、以及”；句意：但是，曾和顶尖模特同台走秀的萨拉想要证明，她不仅美丽，还很有头脑。 3.If you are going to take parttime jobs, you pick one related to your major. 【答案】may/might as well 【解析】may as well + 动词原形，意为 “不妨，倒不如”，给出建议。句意：如果你打算做兼职，你不妨选一份和你专业相关的工作。 4.Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black . 【答案】as well 【解析】句末，“也”，填 as well。句意：接着她闻到一股烧焦味。天哪！锅里的面包也变黑了。 5.By the ancient Silk Road, silk many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】as well as 【解析】连接并列主语 silk 和 many plant species，“以及”，用 as well as。 句意：经由古丝绸之路，丝绸以及许多植物物种第一次来到英国。 6.You tell me the whole truth. I’ve already known most of it. 【答案】may/might as well 【解析】may/might as well do 不妨做某事。 句意：你不妨把全部真相告诉我，大部分事情我已经知道了。 7.It is also common for them to hold during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, other local festivals. 【答案】as well as 【解析】连接 the Spring Festival and the MidAutumn Festival 和 other local festivals，“以及”，填 as well as。 句意：他们也常常在中国传统节日例如春节、中秋节，还有其他地方节日举办（活动）。 易错点03 It + be / 系动词 + adj./n./done +主语从句 / 强调句型 【错因辨析】 1.It 作形式主语（主语从句）（高考高频） 结构： It + be + adj. / 名词 / 过去分词 + that从句（真正主语） It 只是形式主语，真正的主语是后面 that 从句；翻译时把 that 从句翻译到主语位置。 分类： ① It + be + 形容词（important, necessary, obvious, true, strange, possible, certain） + that 从句 �It is obvious that he has made great progress. 很明显他取得了巨大进步。 👉真正主语：that he has made great progress 还原：That he has made great progress is obvious. （主语从句放句首，书面可以，但笨重，所以用 it 形式主语） ② It + be + 名词短语（a fact, a pity, a surprise, a wonder ）+ that 从句 �It is a pity that you missed the lecture. 很遗憾你错过了讲座。 还原：That you missed the lecture is a pity. ③ It + be + 过去分词（known, believed, thought, reported, suggested, hoped）+ that 从句（被动） �It is known to us that paper was invented in China. 众所周知纸发明于中国。 �It is reported that many people have taken part in the activity. 据报道很多人参加这次活动。 ⚠️形式主语关键特征： 去掉 It is … that，剩下的碎片不能直接组成完整句子。 例：It is obvious that he succeeded. 删掉 It is…that → obvious he succeeded，句子残缺，不是完整句子。 2.It is /was … that /who 强调句型 核心判定黄金法则： 把 It is/was 和 that/who 全部删掉，剩余部分重新排序，是一个完整通顺的原句子！ 结构： It is/was +【要强调的部分】+ that (人可用who) + 句子剩余部分，可以强调：主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语、原因状语（不能强调 although、since、though 引导的原因状语从句） 原句：He met his old friend in the park yesterday. 他昨天在公园遇见老朋友。 ⑴. 强调主语： It was he that/who met his old friend in the park yesterday. 正是他昨天在公园遇见老朋友。 去掉 It was…that → he met his old friend in the park yesterday，完整句子 ✔ ⑵ 强调宾语： It was his old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. 昨天他在公园遇见的正是他的老朋友。 去掉框架：he met his old friend in the park yesterday ✔ ⑶强调地点状语： It was in the park that he met his old friend yesterday. 昨天正是在公园里，他遇见老朋友。 ❗易错：强调地点，不用 where，必须用 that！ ⑷ 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that he met his old friend in the park. 正是昨天他在公园遇见老朋友。 ❗强调时间不用 when，要用 that！ ⚠️重要提醒： 强调句型，就算强调时间、地点，连词只用 that/who，不能用 when/where。 否定强调：It is/was not … that… It was not until midnight that he went back home. 直到半夜他才回家。（not until 的强调，高考高频） 【对点训练】 判断下列句子是「形式主语」还是「强调句型」，并翻译。 1. It is obvious that the environment is getting worse. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.It was in the library that I came across the old photo. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.It is reported that more teenagers choose to do part-time jobs. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.It was last summer that we visited the mountain village. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.It is a pity that you missed the wonderful speech. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.It is honesty that matters most in our daily communication. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7.It is certain that human beings can protect our planet better. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 8.It was because of his hard work that he achieved his dream. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 9.It is believed that reading shapes our character. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 10.It was at the crossing that I met my former teacher. ____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.形式主语 2.强调句型 3.形式主语 4.强调句型 5.形式主语 6.强调句型 7.形式主语 8.强调句型 9.形式主语 10.强调句型 【解析】 1.判断口诀：删掉It is/was … that，重排后句子完整 =强调句；句子残缺 =形式主语（主语从句）。 形式主语 删框架：obvious the environment is getting worse，句子残缺。that 引导真正主语从句。 句意：很明显环境正在变得更差。 2.强调句型（强调地点状语 in the library） 删框架：I came across the old photo in the library，句子完整。 句意：我正是在图书馆偶然看到这张老照片。 3.形式主语 删框架：reported more teenagers choose parttime jobs，残缺。 句意：据报道，更多青少年选择做兼职。 4.强调句型（强调时间状语 last summer） 删框架：we visited the mountain village last summer，句子完整。 句意：正是去年夏天我们参观了那个山村。 5.形式主语 删框架：a pity you missed the wonderful speech，残缺。 句意：很可惜你错过了这场精彩的演讲。 6.强调句型（强调主语 honesty） 删框架：Honesty matters most in our daily communication，句子完整。 句意：在日常交往中，最重要的正是诚信。 7.形式主语 删框架：certain human beings can protect our planet better，残缺。 句意：人类当然可以更好保护我们的星球。 8.强调句型（强调原因状语 because of his hard work） 删框架：he achieved his dream because of his hard work，句子完整。 句意：正是因为他的努力，他实现了梦想。 9.形式主语 删框架：believed reading shapes our character，残缺。 句意：人们相信阅读塑造我们的品格。 10.强调句型（强调地点状语 at the crossing） 删框架：I met my former teacher at the crossing，句子完整。 句意：我正是在十字路口遇见我以前的老师。 一、默写重点单词 1. ___________________ n. 根；根源 v. 生根；扎根 2. ___________________ v. 产出；屈服 n. 产量；产出 3. ___________________ adj. 典型的；特有的 n. 特征；特点 4. ___________________ adj. 可供选择的 n. 可供选择的事物 5. ___________________ v. 获得；实现；达到 6. ___________________ adj. 传统的；常规的 7. ___________________ adj. 极其重要的；必不可少的 n. 必需品；要素 8. ___________________ n. 假定；假设 9. ___________________ v. 消化；领会 n. 摘要；文摘 10. ___________________ adj. 强烈的；紧张的；激烈的 11. ___________________ adj. 含盐的；咸的 12. ___________________ n. 产量；输出 v. 输出 13. ___________________ adj. 城市的；都市的 14. ___________________ n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸；轰击 15. ___________________ n. 隧道；地道 16. ___________________ n. 消耗；消费 17. ___________________ v. 产生；生成；引起 18. ___________________ v. 减轻；缓解 19. ___________________ n. 贫穷；贫困 20. ___________________ n. 方面；层面 【答案】 1. root 2. yield 3. characteristic 4. alternative 5. attain 6. conventional 7. essential 8. assumption 9. digest 10. intense 11. salty 12. output 13. urban 14. bomb 15. tunnel 16. consumption 17. generate 18. alleviate 19. poverty 20. aspect 二、词汇运用 1.He ___________ (致力于) most of his spare time to volunteer work in the past few years. 2.Severe natural disasters have caused food ___________ (短缺) in those remote villages.（复数） 3.A series of effective measures ___________ (处理) the pollution problem since last year. 4.The local government has put forward new policies ___________ (推动) the development of tourism. 5.We were ___________ (说服) that teamwork would make a big difference to our project. 6.After years of hard efforts, he ___________ (实现) his goal at last last year. 7.Lots of obstacles ___________ (克服) by the scientists during the research.（被动） 8.We must take all ___________ (方面) into consideration when making a plan.（复数） 9.The ___________ (现实) of global warming should arouse people’s attention. 10.Experts believe regular exercise is ___________ (至关重要的) to teenagers’ growth. 11.The news about the flood has gained ___________ (广泛的) public attention. 12.People are amazed at the ___________ (深度) of the ancient cave. 13.What he said is ___________ (完全地) contrary to the fact. 【答案】 1. has devoted 2. shortages 3. have tackled 4. to boost 5. convinced 6. attained 7. have been overcome 8. aspects 9. reality 10. essential 11. widespread 12. depth 13. entirely 三、重点句型 1. 最让我们感动的是这位科学家把一生奉献给了乡村发展。 ___________________________________________ the scientist devoted his whole life to rural development. 2.据报道，新技术极大地促进了粮食产量的提升。 ______________________________ new technology has greatly boosted grain output. 3.鉴于水资源短缺，我们必须采取措施解决这个问题。 there is a shortage of water resources, we must take measures to tackle the problem. 4.最令老师吃惊的是他克服了所有困难取得了目标。 he overcame all the difficulties and attained his goal. 5. 据估计，这个城市的消费已经大幅增长。 consumption in this city has increased greatly. 【答案】 1. What moved us most was that 2.It is reported that 3.Given that 4. What surprised the teacher most was that 5.It is estimated that 四、课文语法填空 Yuan Longping, a great scientist known as “father of hybrid rice”, devoted his whole life to agricultural research. Yet, he considered 1.____________ (he) a farmer, for he spent plenty of time working in the fields. Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. He cared deeply about the ordinary people 2._____________ struggled with food insecurity across the country. Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan chose 3.__________ (study) agriculture to tackle food shortages. At that time, many villages suffered from serious hunger. Farmers hoped for 4.__________ (high) grain output than before, but the common assumption was that it was impossible to create hybrid rice for selfpollinating plants such as rice. Many experts doubted whether such 5.____________ goal could ever be achieved under poor experimental conditions. Through intense efforts, all the technical problems were overcome by Yuan and his team. The hybrid rice 6.__________ (develop) by them greatly improved grain production. Today, it 7.____________(estimate) that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China comes from hybrid strains,which have helped feed large numbers of people both at home and abroad. 8.__________ (actual), Yuan never stopped chasing his dreams even in his later years. He came up with creative ideas for seawater rice, which opened up possibilities of planting rice on salty land. Given his great 9._______________(achieve), he could have lived a life of leisure. Instead, he kept working hard and donated large sums of money to support agricultural science research. What impresses people most is his continuous desire to rid the world 10.__________ hunger. 【答案】 1.himself 2. who/that 3. to study 4. higher 5. a 6. developed 7.is estimated 8. Actually 9. achievements 10. of 【解析】 1. himself 考查代词（反身代词）。 句子主语是he，当主语动作指向自身时，要用反身代词。`consider oneself + n.` 把自己看作……。 句意：然而，他把自己看作一名农民，因为他花大量时间在田里劳作。 2. who / that 考查定语从句。 先行词是the ordinary people（指人），关系词在从句中作主语，所以用who或者that。 句意：他十分关心全国那些饱受粮食短缺之苦的普通百姓。 3. to study 考查不定式。 固定搭配 `choose to do sth` 选择做某事，不定式作choose的宾语。句意：1930年生于北京，袁隆平选择学习农业，来解决粮食短缺问题。 4. higher 考查形容词比较级。后面有比较标志词`than`，high要用比较级higher。`higher grain output` 更高的粮食产量。 句意：农民希望粮食产量比以往更高。 5. a 考查冠词。 goal是可数名词单数，此处表泛指“这样一个目标”，such a goal 这样一个目标。句意：许多专家怀疑，在简陋的实验条件下这样一个目标能否实现。 6. developed 考查过去分词作定语。 hybrid rice 和 develop 是被动关系“被研发”，过去分词作后置定语修饰rice。 不能填was developed，本句已经有谓语improved，不能再出现第二个谓语。 句意：由他们研发的杂交水稻极大提高了粮食产量。 7. is estimated 考查动词时态和被动语态。 固定句型 `It is estimated that…` 据估计……；it是形式主语，和estimate是被动关系；讲述现在客观事实，用一般现在时被动。 句意：据估计，如今中国国内大约60%稻米消费来自杂交水稻品种。 8. Actually 考查副词。 副词放在句首，修饰整个句子。actual是形容词，副词形式actually，句首首字母大写。 句意：事实上，即便到了晚年，袁隆平也从未停止追逐梦想。 9. achievements 考查名词复数。 形容词great后面接名词；achieve是动词，名词achievement；此处指多项成就，用复数achievements。 句意：鉴于他巨大的成就，他本可以过上悠闲的生活。 10.of 考查介词。 固定搭配 `rid … of …` 使……摆脱……；`rid the world of hunger` 让世界摆脱饥饿。 句意：最打动人们的是他想要让世界摆脱饥饿的持久愿望。 五、阅读理解 A Scenes of autonomous tractors working diligently across Heilongjiang province's fertile black soil fields, while intelligent drones fly overhead to monitor crop growth, have become a common sight. As China's top grainproducing province for 16 consecutive years, Heilongjiang prioritizes agricultural technological innovation to sustain high and stable grain yields and improve farming efficiency and returns. Powered by smart farming solutions, technological upgrading is reshaping China’s important grain base, bolstering the country's food security. In Harbin, technicians from Heilongjiang DEWO Technology Development Co continuously develop and upgrade precision seeders with realtime operational monitoring systems. Founded in 2009, DEWO is a market leader in China’s research of potato planting, sowing and harvesting machinery. “The company has kept fullcapacity operation since April to customize precision seeding equipment, which directly supports planting efficiency,” said Wang Chunyan, the company’s general manager. Heilongjiang is a national pilot zone for largescale highend agricultural machinery. It takes the lead in the highquality development of domestic farm equipment industry and promotes efficiency upgrades for modern agriculture. DEWO, a nationallevel hightech enterprise, is one of local firms pushing forward China’s agricultural modernization. Heilongjiang Huida Technology Co produces a complete set of smart agricultural machines, such as cropprotection drones and intelligent waterfertilizer irrigation systems. Its flagship aerialspraying drone can carry over 70kilogram payload and cover large farmland within 10 minutes. Besides, its battery can reach 80 percent power after just 10minute charging. Over 300 of Huida’s 700 employees are engaged in R&D work. The company devotes itself to developing unmanned farming vehicles and robots as well as improving aftersales services. Huida’s drone products have been exported to 60 countries and regions. According to He Chunling from DEWO, Chinesemade farm machines have helped foreign farmers raise output. For example, potato yields in Kazakhstan have risen steadily after local farmers adopted DEWO’s planting equipment. Zhang Yu, head of Huida, expressed the hope to offer Chinese digitalfarming solutions to the whole world. 1. What do we know about Heilongjiang from the first two paragraphs? A. It has been China’s major grain producer for sixteen years. B. It plans to import large numbers of foreign farm machines. C. Its food security mainly depends on traditional farming methods. D. Black soil fields there are no longer suitable for crop planting. 2. What can we infer about DEWO according to Paragraph 3? A. It was set up to produce drones for crop protection. B. Its equipment is tailormade to satisfy practical farming needs. C. Its products are mainly sold to overseas market. D. It began fullcapacity operation in the year 2009. 3. What can be inferred about local hightech agricultural companies? A. They spend little money on aftersales service. B. R&D work occupies a large part of their attention. C. They refuse to cooperate with foreign partners. D. Their products can work well without human operators all the time. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards Chinese smart agricultural machinery? A. Doubtful. B. Uninterested. C. Critical. D. Objective. 【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 【解析】 1. A 细节理解题。 根据第2段第1句 “As China's top grainproducing province for 16 consecutive years, Heilongjiang prioritizes agricultural technological innovation to sustain high and stable grain yields and improve farming efficiency and returns.（作为连续16年的中国第一产粮大省，黑龙江重视农业科技创新，以此维持粮食的高产稳产，提升农业生产效率与收益。）”可知 A项“它已经连续16年是中国主要产粮省份”与原文信息完全对应。 错误选项分析： B. 它计划进口大量国外农机。前两段没有提及进口国外农机，无中生有。 C它的粮食安全主要依靠传统农业模式。原文依靠智慧农业技术升级，和原文相悖。 D那里的黑土地不再适合农作物种植。第一段提到无人驾驶拖拉机在黑土地耕作，选项信息错误。 2. B推理判断题。 根据第3段第3句 “The company has kept fullcapacity operation since April to customize precision seeding equipment, which directly supports planting efficiency,” said Wang Chunyan, the company’s general manager.（公司总经理王春艳说：“公司自四月起就满负荷运转，定制精密播种设备，这直接助力种植效率提升。）” 可知，B项“该公司设备为满足实际农业需求而量身打造”与原文信息完全对应。 错误选项分析 A. 它成立是为了生产植保无人机。第三段介绍DEWO主营马铃薯种植播种收割机械，并非无人机，张冠李戴。 C. 它的产品主要销往海外市场。第三段没有提到主要市场为海外，无中生有。 D. 它2009年开始满负荷生产。2009是公司成立时间；四月才开启满负荷运转，偷换时间概念。 3.B 推理判断题。 根据第3段第1句“In Harbin, technicians from Heilongjiang DEWO Technology Development Co continuously develop and upgrade precision seeders with realtime operational monitoring systems.（在哈尔滨，黑龙江德沃科技的技术人员不断研发升级搭载实时运行监测系统的精密播种机）”；第6段第1句 “Over 300 of Huida’s 700 employees are engaged in R&D work.（惠达公司700名员工中有300多人从事研发工作。）” 可知，两家本土企业都投入大量人力持续研发，可以推断研发工作受到企业高度重视。故B项正确。 错误选项分析 A. 他们几乎不投入资金做售后服务。原文Huida在优化售后服务，表述错误。 C. 他们拒绝和外国合作伙伴合作。产品出口60多个国家地区，与原文事实相反。 D. 他们的产品可以全程完全脱离人工操作。文中没有“全程无需人”的表述，过度推断。 4.D 态故度判断题。 整篇文章只是客观报道黑龙江智慧农机企业的研发、产品以及出口情况，不带作者主观褒贬，作者只是客观陈述事实。D项 objective“客观的”，是正确选项。 错误选项分析 A. Doubtful（怀疑的）：文中没有表达怀疑的语句。B. Uninterested（不感兴趣的）：全文围绕该主题展开报道，该选项不符合行文。 C. Critical（批判的）：文章没有批判相关内容。 B Not long ago, 85yearold agronomist Zhao Yafu was seen strolling through rice paddies in Jiangsu province, checking crop growth. Even at his advanced age, he still spends about twothirds of the year in the fields, traveling between experimental plots and rural villages. More a field researcher than a ceremonial guest, Zhao attended the ceremony in Beijing when the CPC marked its 105th founding anniversary. At the event, Xi Jinping presented the July 1 Medal, the Party’s highest honor, to model Party members for their lifelong devotion. Zhao was among the eight recipients this year. When they met, Xi asked about his health and praised his longterm devotion to agriculture. For Zhao, the medal was never an ending. “As long as I am physically able, I will keep learning, working and serving farmers for as long as I live,” he stated. The July 1 Medal is generally awarded every five years for major Party anniversaries. It honors people from varied walks of life. Wu Yaqin, a 66yearold community worker, devoted thirty years to neighborhood service in Changchun. She has settled over 1,000 disputes and won local residents’ trust. Two elderly medal winners were wheeled onto the stage. Xi bent down to shake their hands to show sincere respect. Among them was 90yearold Wang Yuchang, a war veteran who lived a simple quiet life after military service. Another 90yearold recipient Zhong Jue, an academician, achieved remarkable breakthroughs in key nationalproject research despite her simple lifestyle. Other honorees included village leaders, community mediators, doctors and technical experts. Some worked in remote rural areas, while others made breakthroughs in hardcore engineering. One passed away before the ceremony and received the honor posthumously. The July 1 Medal belongs to China’s formal Partyandstate honor system, which also includes the Medal of the Republic, the August 1 Medal and other titles. Famous figures such as Yuan Longping are among previous medal winners. Beyond awarding honors, related systems are set up to give recipients practical support. More importantly, these awards are meant to inspire ordinary Party members and the public. Many grassroots workers say they feel motivated by those role models and intend to devote themselves to their own work. 5. What can we learn about Zhao Yafu from the first two paragraphs? A. He seldom goes to the rice paddies in his old age. B. He regards the July 1 Medal as a finish line of his career. C. He received the July 1 Medal for his devotion to agriculture. D. He began to do agricultural research when the CPC turned 105. 6.What can we infer about this year’s July 1 Medal recipients from Paragraph 3? A. All of them are elderly scientific researchers. B. Their contributions cover different fields of society. C. Every one of them has made great achievements in agriculture. D. They all appeared on the stage of the ceremony in person. 7.What does the underlined word “posthumously” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. after one’s death B. at a young age C. for one’s hometown D. for outstanding youth 8.What is the main idea of the text? A. The history of China’s various state honor systems. B. Stories of some July 1 Medal winners and the meaning of the honor. C. The great achievements made by Chinese model agricultural researchers. D. Different ways for ordinary people to get national honors in China. 【答案】5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 【解析】 5.C 细节理解题 根据第 2 段第 1-2 句“At the event, Xi Jinping presented the July 1 Medal, the Party’s highest honor, to model Party members for their lifelong devotion. Zhao was among the eight recipients this year. When they met, Xi asked about his health and praised his longterm devotion to agriculture.（仪式上，习近平授予七一勋章 —— 党内最高荣誉，表彰毕生奉献的党员模范。赵亚夫是本年度八位获得者之一。见面时，总书记询问他的身体状况，赞扬他长期投身农业事业。）”可知，C项“赵亚夫因为对农业事业的奉献获得七一勋章”与原文信息一致。 错误选项分析 A. 他年老后很少下稻田。原文 85 岁仍三分之二时间待田间，与原文相反。 B. 他把七一勋章看作事业的终点。原文 “the medal was never an ending”，不是终点。 D. 他在建党 105 周年之际才开始农业研究。文中只说建党 105 周年时他领奖，并非此时才开始研究，偷换信息。 6.B 推理判断题 根据第 3 段第一句“It honors people from varied walks of life.（它表彰来自各行各业的杰出人士。）”以及第38句“Among them was 90yearold Wang Yuchang, a war veteran who lived a simple quiet life after military service. Another 90yearold recipient Zhong Jue, an academician, achieved remarkable breakthroughs in key nationalproject research despite her simple lifestyle. Other honorees included village leaders, community mediators, doctors and technical experts.（其中有90岁的老兵王玉昌；另一位90岁的获得者钟掘是院士，尽管生活简朴，却在国家重大项目研究上取得重大突破。其他获奖者包括村支书、社区调解员、医生以及技术专家。）”可知，获奖者涵盖老兵、科研院士、基层社区、乡村、医疗等不同群体，由此推断他们的贡献分布在社会不同领域，B选项正确。 错误选项分析 A. 他们全都是年长的科研人员。文中有社区工作者、老兵、基层村干部，并非全部是科研人员，表述绝对。 C. 他们每一个人都在农业领域取得巨大成就。只有赵亚夫从事农业，其余获奖者来自各行各业，与原文不符。 D. 他们全部本人亲自出席仪式登台。后文提到有一位获奖者仪式前已经离世，并非全部本人到场。 7.A 词义猜测题 根据第3段最后一句“One passed away before the ceremony and received the honor posthumously.（其中一位获奖者在仪式举办前已经离世，被追授这一荣誉。）”可知，由“passed away（去世）”可以推断，posthumously表示“在某人去世之后”。 错误选项分析 B. 在年轻的时候。上下文没有提到年龄年轻，无依据。 C. 为了他的家乡。文中没有家乡相关逻辑，无中生有。 D. 针对杰出青年。和文中人物已经去世的语境完全无关。 8.B 主旨归纳题 文章前半部分介绍多位七一勋章获得者的人物事迹；末尾两段介绍这套荣誉体系以及这份荣誉带来的社会激励意义。B选项“部分七一勋章获得者的故事以及这份荣誉的意义”完整概括全文，兼顾人物事例与荣誉价值。 错误选项分析 A. 中国各类国家荣誉制度的发展史。文章只是简单提及荣誉体系，并没有介绍“历史发展”，属于以偏概全。 C. 中国农业模范科研人员的伟大成就。农业研究者只是文中其中一个例子，不能概括整篇文章。 D. 普通人获得国家荣誉的不同途径。全文没有讲解普通人获取荣誉的各种途径，属于无中生有。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $