Unit 5 Working the Land（复习讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义以“人与自然”主题语境为统领，通过思维导图、对比表格等工具系统梳理单元知识，整合农业科技核心词汇（如devote、tackle）、主语从句语法规则及说明文写作要点，用表格辨析易混词（如comprise与consist of），思维导图呈现主语从句句式结构，形成“词汇-语法-写作”递进脉络。 讲义亮点在于“话题融合”练习设计，如结合袁隆平事迹的即时小练（Yuan Longping devoted...）、聚焦主谓一致的语法填空，提供高分写作句型（如“Devoted to agricultural research...”）和话题词汇分类汇总，提升语言能力与思维品质，基础生可借词汇拓展表夯实基础，优秀生能通过议论文框架深化表达，支持分层教学与自主复习，助力精准突破单元重难点。

人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the Land（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与自然——了解农业科技发展及其对全球粮食问题的重要意义。 2. 掌握描述农作物种植、农业技术、粮食安全及创新成果的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法：掌握主语从句的用法。 4. 写作：掌握说明文（阐述事理或介绍科研成果）的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点：主语从句在语境中的正确运用及描述农业发展（如杂交水稻）的关键表达。 难点：运用本单元词汇与语法，有逻辑地阐述农业科技创新的价值，并分析粮食安全相关的现实问题与解决路径。 单元词汇 知识点1 devote vt. 把……献给；把……专用于；专心于 【词形变化】 devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；专注 devoted adj. 忠实的；专注的；献身的 【固定搭配】 （1）devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于/专心于（做）某事 （2）devote sth. to (doing) sth. 把时间/精力/金钱用于（做）某事 （3）be devoted to (doing) sth. 致力于；忠于；专注于 【词汇拓展】 同义词：dedicate vt. 致力于；献身于 近义词：commit vt. 投身于；承诺 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 devote v. 致力于、奉献 固定搭配to为介词，高考必考形变 devoted adj. 专注的、忠实的 可作定语、表语，修饰人或态度 devotion n. 奉献、专注 写作高频抽象名词，提升句式高级感 【易错提醒】 devote 相关所有固定搭配中，to 均为介词，后必须接名词、代词或动名词，不可接动词原形，是语法填空、短文改错顶级高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 本单元农业科研、深耕土地话题核心词汇，多用于描述科研人员、农民致力于农业发展、粮食增产、技术研发等场景，是人物品质、奋斗类作文万能词汇，词性转换高频考查。 【即时小练】 Yuan Longping devoted all his life to ______ (develop) high-yield hybrid rice. 知识点2 comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 【词形变化】 comprising prep. 包含；由……组成 comprehensive adj. 全面的；综合的（派生拓展高频词） 【固定搭配】 （1）be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成（单元课本原句短语，高考高频） （2）comprise sth. 包含某物；由某物构成 （3）comprise the whole system 构成完整体系 【词汇拓展】 同义词：include vt. 包含；consist of 由……组成 近义词：contain vt. 容纳；包含 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义辨析 comprise vt. 正式书面用词，主动表被动含义，整体包含部分，多用于介绍农业体系、系统、构成 consist of 短语 无被动语态，仅表示“由……构成”，高考改错高频考点 include vt. 普通用词，侧重部分包含于整体，适用范围更广 【易错提醒】 comprise 无被动误用误区，be comprised of 为固定规范搭配；该词主动形式可直接表“整体由部分构成”，与 consist of 用法极易混淆，是语法填空、短文改错高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 单元课标核心词汇，多用于描述农业体系、粮食生产系统、农作物品类、农业资源的构成与组成，适配单元农业科普话题，是读写、书面表达高级替换词。 【即时小练】 The modern agricultural system ______ (comprise) advanced technology and scientific management. 知识点3 tackle vt. 解决；应付；处理 【词形变化】 tackling n. 处理；应对 【固定搭配】 （1）tackle problems/difficulties 解决问题/应对困难 （2）tackle the crisis 应对危机（单元话题高频） 【词汇拓展】 同义词：solve、resolve、address、deal with 解决、处理 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 tackle 正式高级用词，侧重主动、积极应对棘手难题、危机、社会问题，适配农业困境、农业危机话题 solve 普通用词，侧重解答习题、解决具体简单问题 address 书面高级词，侧重着手处理、应对社会、环境、民生问题 【易错提醒】 tackle 为及物动词，可直接接宾语，无需搭配介词，可高级替换基础词 solve，提升作文档次。 【拓展延伸】 高考写作提分核心词，多用于描述农业技术攻克农业危机、生产难题、产业困境等场景，是问题解决类议论文万能动词。 【即时小练】 Devoted to agricultural research, scientists have developed effective methods ______ (tackle) tough agricultural challenges. 知识点4 crisis n. 危机；危急关头 【词形变化】 crises n. （复数）危机（不规则复数） 【固定搭配】 （1）food crisis 粮食危机 （2）economic/environmental crisis 经济/环境危机 （3）face/overcome a crisis 面对/克服危机 【词汇拓展】 近义词：emergency n. 紧急情况；突发状况 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 crisis 侧重长期、影响深远的重大危机，如粮食、生态、经济危机，可引申发展瓶颈 emergency 侧重突发、紧急的意外状况，需要立刻处理 【易错提醒】 crisis 复数形式为不规则变化 crises，是语法填空、单词拼写高频考点，切勿直接加 es。 【拓展延伸】 单元核心话题词，多用于描述全球农业危机、农业生态危机，常与 tackle、overcome、solve 连用，是读写高频核心词汇。 【即时小练】 Modern farming technology helps us deal with various agricultural ______ (crisis). 知识点5 boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 【词形变化】 booster n. 助推器；促进物；支持者 【固定搭配】 （1）boost crop yield/output 提高农作物产量（单元必考） （2）boost efficiency/economy 提升效率/促进经济增长 （3）a boost to sth. 对……的促进/提振 【词汇拓展】 同义词：increase、raise、promote 提升、增长、促进 反义词：decrease、reduce 减少、降低 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 boost 书面高级词，侧重主动推动、大幅提升产量、效率、经济，褒义，适配农业增产话题 increase 通用中性词，仅表示数量、数值增长，无主动推动含义 【易错提醒】 boost 兼具动词和名词词性，可灵活替换基础词汇 increase，是写作提分绝佳词汇，无复杂变形，考查侧重语境运用。 【拓展延伸】 农业生产话题核心高频词，专门用于描述新技术、新品种助力农作物增产、提升农业效益，是读后续写、议论文高频高分词。 【即时小练】 The new policy has greatly ______ (boost) the development of modern agriculture in recent years. 知识点6 consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 【词形变化】 consume vt. 消耗；耗费；消费；吃/喝 consumer n. 消费者；用户 【固定搭配】 （1）energy/fuel consumption 能源/燃料消耗 （2）food consumption 粮食消耗（单元农业话题高频） （3）reduce/cut down consumption 降低消耗；减少消费 【词汇拓展】 近义词：expenditure n. 耗费；消耗；use n./v. 使用、耗费 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 consumption 正式书面名词，侧重资源、能源、粮食、物资的整体消耗量，高考读写高频抽象名词 use 普通通用词，仅表示使用行为，无“资源耗费、损耗”的深层含义 【易错提醒】 高考高频词性转换考点：动词 consume 转换为名词 consumption，拼写易错（注意双写m、结尾 ption）；短文改错常考词性混用、主谓一致搭配。 【拓展延伸】 适配单元农业、生态、粮食安全话题，多用于描述粮食消耗、农业资源损耗、绿色生产、节能减耗，是环保、农业发展类作文高级替换词汇。 【即时小练】 Modern technology helps control the ______ (consume) of natural resources in agriculture. 知识点7 convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 【词形变化】 convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 conviction n. 确信；信念；说服 【固定搭配】 （1）convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 （2）convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 （3）be convinced of / that... 坚信……；确信…… 【词汇拓展】 同义词：persuade vt. 说服；劝说 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 convince 侧重从思想、认知上使人信服、确信，强调说服结果 persuade 侧重通过劝说、沟通使人行动，强调劝说过程与行动 【易错提醒】 区分形容词用法：convincing 修饰事物（令人信服的）；convinced 修饰人（感到信服的），是语法填空高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 多用于描述科研人员让大众、社会相信农业新技术、杂交作物的优势与价值，是人物事迹、科技科普类读写高频词。 【即时小练】 Deeply ______ (convince) of the value of hybrid crops, scientists keep devoting themselves to agricultural research. 知识点8 overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜 【词形变化】 overcame v. （过去式）克服、战胜 overcome v. （过去分词）克服、战胜（原形同过去分词） 【固定搭配】 （1）overcome difficulties/hardships 克服困难、战胜艰辛 （2）overcome crisis 战胜危机（单元话题高频） 【词汇拓展】 同义词：conquer vt. 攻克、战胜；solve 解决 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 overcome 侧重克服抽象的困难、危机、困境、短板，适配农业科研、奋斗话题 conquer 侧重战胜对手、攻克难题、征服地域，语气更强 【易错提醒】 不规则动词变形：overcome-overcame-overcome，过去分词易写错，是语法填空、改错高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 奋斗精神、科研攻坚话题核心词，多用于描述农业研究者克服自然条件、技术难题、农业危机，深耕农业的励志场景，写作高频提分词。 【即时小练】 Facing severe agricultural limitations, researchers ______ (overcome) countless tough obstacles and achieved huge progress in crop breeding. 知识点9 expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加；扩展；发展 【词形变化】 expansion n. 扩张；扩展；发展 【固定搭配】 （1）expand production/scale 扩大生产/扩大规模 （2）expand agricultural output 提升农业产量 （3）expand into 拓展至；延伸到 【词汇拓展】 同义词：enlarge、extend 扩大、延伸 反义词：shrink、contract 收缩、缩小 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 expand 侧重规模、产量、业务、范围的整体扩大、增长，适配农业生产、产业发展话题 extend 侧重时间、空间、距离的延长、延伸 enlarge 侧重尺寸、体积、图片等具象放大 【易错提醒】 expand 可作及物和不及物动词，主动形式表被动含义，名词形式 expansion 为词性转换高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 农业产业发展核心词汇，多用于描述农业生产规模扩大、产量提升、技术推广，是经济发展、科技进步类作文高频词。 【即时小练】 The rapid development of modern agriculture contributes to the ______ (expand) of crop planting areas. 知识点10 单元话题综合拓展（农业与粮食安全） 【高分写作句型】 （1）Devoted to agricultural research, scientists have overcome numerous difficulties and successfully boosted crop yields, effectively solving global agricultural problems. 投身于农业研究的科学家们克服了重重困难，成功提高了农作物产量，有效解决了各类农业发展难题。（单元核心万能励志句型） （2）Modern farming technology enables us to tackle agricultural crises and expand agricultural production worldwide. 现代农业技术让我们能够应对农业危机，在全球范围内扩大农业生产。（社会价值类高分句型） 【话题分类词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 农业生产类 consumption、output、boost、expand、hybrid、grain、wheat 消耗、产出、提升、扩大、杂交的、谷物、小麦 困境解决类 comprise、crisis、tackle、overcome、alleviate 包含、危机、解决、克服、缓解 科研奋斗类 devote、convince、attain、generate、essential 致力于、说服、获得、产生、至关重要的 农业特征类 characteristic、conventional、organic、nutritious、widespread 特征、传统的、有机的、营养丰富的、广泛的 单元语法：主语从句 1、 单元核心语法思维导图（主语从句） 二、主语从句核心知识 主语从句，属于名词性从句核心考点，指一个完整的句子充当主句的主语，贴合单元“农业劳作、粮食生产、科研奉献”的话题语境，多用于书面客观陈述、观点表达、事实说明。 （一）核心定义与基本特征 主语从句在主句中整体充当主语，具备名词属性；从句必须使用陈述语序，严禁疑问语序；从句为完整句子，必须自带主谓结构，不可残缺；单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词统一用单数形式。 三、主语从句两大核心句式结构 句式类型 完整结构 用法说明 例句 句首式主语从句 引导词+完整从句 + 主句谓语/表语 从句直接置于句首充当主语，句式正式，侧重强调从句内容 That farmers devote themselves to farming deserves our respect.（农民投身农业的奉献精神值得我们尊敬。） it作形式主语从句 It + 主句谓语 + 真正主语从句（后置） 规避句首主语过长导致的头重脚轻，是单元高频常用句式 It is obvious that modern agriculture improves grain output.（现代农业提高粮食产量是显而易见的。） 四、主语从句引导词分类精讲（重难点） 引导词类型 语法功能 使用规则 例句 that 无词义、不作成分，仅起连接作用 不可省略，多用于陈述客观事实、真理，从句语义完整 That scientific farming increases crop yields is a fact.（科学种植能够提高农作物产量是一个事实。） whether 表“是否”，不作从句成分 句首主语从句只能用whether，不可用if Whether new agricultural techniques will be widely used remains to be seen.（新的农业技术是否会被广泛应用还有待观察。） 特殊疑问词what/who/how/why 在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语，有具体词义 保留疑问含义，陈述语序，不可倒装 How we can solve food shortages is an important question.（我们如何解决粮食短缺问题是一个重要课题。） 五、it作形式主语高频固定句型 固定句型结构 语义 例句 It is clear/obvious that... 很明显…… It is clear that hard work contributes to agricultural success.（很明显，努力耕耘助力农业丰收。） It is important that... ……很重要 It is important that we protect farmland.（我们保护耕地至关重要。） It remains that... ……仍然有待…… It remains that we further improve farming technology.（我们仍需进一步改良农耕技术。） It is a fact that... 事实是…… It is a fact that agriculture is the foundation of national development.（农业是国家发展的基础，这是事实。） 六、核心语法规则 （一）主谓一致规则 单数原则：单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词、系动词一律用单数。 例句：What farmers do plays a key role in food supply.（农民的劳作对粮食供应至关重要。） 复数原则：两个及以上主语从句并列作主语，表两件不同事情，主句谓语用复数。 （二）虚拟语气特殊规则 在 It is important/necessary/vital/strange that... 句型中，主语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语为(should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 例句：It is vital that we (should) develop green agriculture.（发展绿色农业至关重要。） 7、 重难点辨析：主语从句 VS 定语从句 对比维度 主语从句 定语从句 句法功能 整体充当主句主语，无先行词 修饰前面名词，必须有先行词 引导词that 无词义、不作成分、不可省略 指代先行词，作从句主语/宾语，宾语可省略 句式位置 句首或后置（it形式主语） 紧跟先行词之后 核心区别例句 That he studies farming is admirable.（主语从句：他钻研农业的精神令人敬佩。） The spirit that he has inspires us.（定语从句：他拥有的精神激励着我们。） 八、单元语法易错点汇总 语序易错：主语从句必须用陈述语序，禁止出现疑问倒装语序。 引导词易错：句首主语从句表“是否”，只能用whether，绝对不能用if。 that易错：主语从句中的that无词义、不作成分，但是绝对不能省略。 主谓一致易错：单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语严禁使用复数形式。 虚拟语气易错：It is important/vital that...句型中，从句谓语必须用(should) do，不可用时态变形。 （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．The new text ______ (由……组成) of three parts is hard to recite. 2．There is no doubt that fresh air and ________ (有营养的) food will speed his recovery. 3．The failure of the peace talks set off a chain of ___________ (危机). 4．In the speech, he explained some of the positive ________ (方面) of technological development. 5．The team use running to __________ (克服) their hardships and to rebuild their hopes for a 6．The need to communicate is a key ________ (特征；特点) of human society. 7．Art production theory has gone through three major stages in ________ (国内的) development. 8．According to a recent study, both the size and __________ (消费) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. 9．With the development of social media, this kind of creative content has become ________ (普遍的；广泛的) among young people across the nation. 10．Deeply ________ (致力于) herself to environmental protection, she went to participate in activities every weekend. 二、阅读理解 A According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 1．What do solar developers often ignore? A．The decline in the demand for solar energy. B．The negative impact of installing solar panels. C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D．The most recent advances in solar technology. 2．What does InSPIRE aim to do? A．Improve the productivity of local farms. B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 3．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development. C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development B For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeth’s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.” 5．Why did Merebeth changed her job? A．She wanted to work near her home. B．She was tired of working in the office. C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D．Her former employer was out of business. 6．The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________? A．make money. B．try various jobs. C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places. 7．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job? A．She has chances to see rare animals. B．She works hard throughout the year. C．She relies on herself the whole time. D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary. 三、完形填空 Last Sunday, my class went to visit the Yuan Longping Memorial Hall. We all knew Mr. Yuan was a great scientist who helped solve the food problem for many people. Our teacher told us to take notebooks to 1 important things we learned.​ When we arrived, a guide greeted us warmly. She took us to the first hall and showed us photos of Mr. Yuan. We saw him working in the fields — he always wore a simple hat and 2 clothes. The guide told us Mr. Yuan spent most of his life 3 hybrid rice. Even in his 80s, he still went to the fields every day to check the crops. Sometimes he would stay in the fields the whole 4 to watch how the rice grew.​ In another room, there were some of Mr. Yuan’s old things: a broken notebook, a used pen, and a pair of muddy shoes. The notebook was full of his 5 about rice research. I felt moved when I looked at these things — they showed how hard Mr. Yuan worked. A classmate of mine even took a photo of the notebook to 6 it.​ Then, we watched a short video. It told the story of how Mr. Yuan 7 hybrid rice. At first, many people thought it was impossible. But Mr. Yuan never gave up. After years of hard work, he finally 8 . His rice could feed millions more people. The video made many of us 9 — we were all proud of him.​ Before we left, we wrote down our feelings on a wall. I wrote, “Mr. Yuan, you are our hero. We will learn from your 10 and keep working hard.” On the way back to school, my classmates and I talked a lot. We all agreed that this visit was very 11 . We learned not only about Mr. Yuan’s achievements but also about his spirit of 12 .​ I think everyone should remember Mr. Yuan. His work has changed the world for the better, and his story will 13 us to try our best for a long time. This trip made me understand that true success comes from hard work and 14 to one’s dream. I decided to study harder so that I can 15 something useful for our country too.​ 1．A．write down B．look for C．throw away D．give up​ 2．A．clean B．expensive C．simple D．beautiful​ 3．A．studying B．selling C．eating D．buying​ 4．A．night B．day C．week D．month​ 5．A．drawings B．notes C．stories D．poems​ 6．A．forget B．hide C．remember D．lose​ 7．A．found B．lost C．forgot D．hid​ 8．A．failed B．succeeded C．stopped D．left​ 9．A．cry B．smile C．shout D．laugh​ 10．A．laziness B．kindness C．hardness D．courage​ 11．A．boring B．useless C．meaningful D．difficult​ 12．A．giving up B．keeping on C．showing off D．turning back​ 13．A．encourage B．stop C．warn D．frighten​ 14．A．gift B．hope C．devotion D．doubt​ 15．A．make B．do C．have D．get​ 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As temperatures rise throughout China, farmers have launched the spring plowing season, an essential part of the country’s agricultural calendar. Spring plowing, known as chun geng in Chinese, 1 (set) the foundation for the year’s grain production. In the North China Plain, 2 wheat is a major crop, farmers have been busy preparing the soil, carefully tested and certified by local agricultural stations, 3 a good harvest. Meanwhile, in southern provinces, farmers are transplanting young plants into waterlogged fields. Recently, Chinese authorities have 4 (steady) promoted the development of new-quality productive forces in agriculture, targeting smart agriculture as a technological breakthrough to enhance efficiency in farming. One good example is Henan’s “Central-China Agricultural Valley” project, which 5 (equip) with monitoring stations and satellites. It constantly collects data related to grain growth 6 sends it to an analytic system, providing timely 7 (guide) for farmers. The Chinese are holding firmly onto 8 (they) rice bowls and behind this, agricultural technology is playing an increasingly important role. Technological contributions now represent 9 notable 60% of agricultural growth in 2023. Song Lili, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told Xinhua. “With 10 (limit) farmland, innovation is vital to ensure stable grain production.” 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the Land（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与自然——了解农业科技发展及其对全球粮食问题的重要意义。 2. 掌握描述农作物种植、农业技术、粮食安全及创新成果的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法：掌握主语从句的用法。 4. 写作：掌握说明文（阐述事理或介绍科研成果）的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点：主语从句在语境中的正确运用及描述农业发展（如杂交水稻）的关键表达。 难点：运用本单元词汇与语法，有逻辑地阐述农业科技创新的价值，并分析粮食安全相关的现实问题与解决路径。 单元词汇 知识点1 devote vt. 把……献给；把……专用于；专心于 【词形变化】 devotion n. 奉献；挚爱；专注 devoted adj. 忠实的；专注的；献身的 【固定搭配】 （1）devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于/专心于（做）某事 （2）devote sth. to (doing) sth. 把时间/精力/金钱用于（做）某事 （3）be devoted to (doing) sth. 致力于；忠于；专注于 【词汇拓展】 同义词：dedicate vt. 致力于；献身于 近义词：commit vt. 投身于；承诺 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 devote v. 致力于、奉献 固定搭配to为介词，高考必考形变 devoted adj. 专注的、忠实的 可作定语、表语，修饰人或态度 devotion n. 奉献、专注 写作高频抽象名词，提升句式高级感 【易错提醒】 devote 相关所有固定搭配中，to 均为介词，后必须接名词、代词或动名词，不可接动词原形，是语法填空、短文改错顶级高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 本单元农业科研、深耕土地话题核心词汇，多用于描述科研人员、农民致力于农业发展、粮食增产、技术研发等场景，是人物品质、奋斗类作文万能词汇，词性转换高频考查。 【即时小练】 Yuan Longping devoted all his life to ______ (develop) high-yield hybrid rice. 答案：developing 解析：devote...to doing sth. 固定搭配，to为介词，后接动名词形式。 知识点2 comprise vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 【词形变化】 comprising prep. 包含；由……组成 comprehensive adj. 全面的；综合的（派生拓展高频词） 【固定搭配】 （1）be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成（单元课本原句短语，高考高频） （2）comprise sth. 包含某物；由某物构成 （3）comprise the whole system 构成完整体系 【词汇拓展】 同义词：include vt. 包含；consist of 由……组成 近义词：contain vt. 容纳；包含 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义辨析 comprise vt. 正式书面用词，主动表被动含义，整体包含部分，多用于介绍农业体系、系统、构成 consist of 短语 无被动语态，仅表示“由……构成”，高考改错高频考点 include vt. 普通用词，侧重部分包含于整体，适用范围更广 【易错提醒】 comprise 无被动误用误区，be comprised of 为固定规范搭配；该词主动形式可直接表“整体由部分构成”，与 consist of 用法极易混淆，是语法填空、短文改错高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 单元课标核心词汇，多用于描述农业体系、粮食生产系统、农作物品类、农业资源的构成与组成，适配单元农业科普话题，是读写、书面表达高级替换词。 【即时小练】 The modern agricultural system ______ (comprise) advanced technology and scientific management. 答案：comprises 解析：主语为单数名词 system，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 知识点3 tackle vt. 解决；应付；处理 【词形变化】 tackling n. 处理；应对 【固定搭配】 （1）tackle problems/difficulties 解决问题/应对困难 （2）tackle the crisis 应对危机（单元话题高频） 【词汇拓展】 同义词：solve、resolve、address、deal with 解决、处理 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 tackle 正式高级用词，侧重主动、积极应对棘手难题、危机、社会问题，适配农业困境、农业危机话题 solve 普通用词，侧重解答习题、解决具体简单问题 address 书面高级词，侧重着手处理、应对社会、环境、民生问题 【易错提醒】 tackle 为及物动词，可直接接宾语，无需搭配介词，可高级替换基础词 solve，提升作文档次。 【拓展延伸】 高考写作提分核心词，多用于描述农业技术攻克农业危机、生产难题、产业困境等场景，是问题解决类议论文万能动词。 【即时小练】 Devoted to agricultural research, scientists have developed effective methods ______ (tackle) tough agricultural challenges. 答案：to tackle 解析：考查非谓语动词固定搭配，methods to do sth.（做某事的方法），高考高频非谓语变形考点。 知识点4 crisis n. 危机；危急关头 【词形变化】 crises n. （复数）危机（不规则复数） 【固定搭配】 （1）food crisis 粮食危机 （2）economic/environmental crisis 经济/环境危机 （3）face/overcome a crisis 面对/克服危机 【词汇拓展】 近义词：emergency n. 紧急情况；突发状况 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 crisis 侧重长期、影响深远的重大危机，如粮食、生态、经济危机，可引申发展瓶颈 emergency 侧重突发、紧急的意外状况，需要立刻处理 【易错提醒】 crisis 复数形式为不规则变化 crises，是语法填空、单词拼写高频考点，切勿直接加 es。 【拓展延伸】 单元核心话题词，多用于描述全球农业危机、农业生态危机，常与 tackle、overcome、solve 连用，是读写高频核心词汇。 【即时小练】 Modern farming technology helps us deal with various agricultural ______ (crisis). 答案：crises 解析：various 后接可数名词复数，crisis 复数为不规则形式 crises。 知识点5 boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 【词形变化】 booster n. 助推器；促进物；支持者 【固定搭配】 （1）boost crop yield/output 提高农作物产量（单元必考） （2）boost efficiency/economy 提升效率/促进经济增长 （3）a boost to sth. 对……的促进/提振 【词汇拓展】 同义词：increase、raise、promote 提升、增长、促进 反义词：decrease、reduce 减少、降低 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 boost 书面高级词，侧重主动推动、大幅提升产量、效率、经济，褒义，适配农业增产话题 increase 通用中性词，仅表示数量、数值增长，无主动推动含义 【易错提醒】 boost 兼具动词和名词词性，可灵活替换基础词汇 increase，是写作提分绝佳词汇，无复杂变形，考查侧重语境运用。 【拓展延伸】 农业生产话题核心高频词，专门用于描述新技术、新品种助力农作物增产、提升农业效益，是读后续写、议论文高频高分词。 【即时小练】 The new policy has greatly ______ (boost) the development of modern agriculture in recent years. 答案：boosted 解析：in recent years 为现在完成时标志，考查动词时态变形，是高考语法填空高频考点。 知识点6 consumption n. 消耗；消耗量；消费 【词形变化】 consume vt. 消耗；耗费；消费；吃/喝 consumer n. 消费者；用户 【固定搭配】 （1）energy/fuel consumption 能源/燃料消耗 （2）food consumption 粮食消耗（单元农业话题高频） （3）reduce/cut down consumption 降低消耗；减少消费 【词汇拓展】 近义词：expenditure n. 耗费；消耗；use n./v. 使用、耗费 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 consumption 正式书面名词，侧重资源、能源、粮食、物资的整体消耗量，高考读写高频抽象名词 use 普通通用词，仅表示使用行为，无“资源耗费、损耗”的深层含义 【易错提醒】 高考高频词性转换考点：动词 consume 转换为名词 consumption，拼写易错（注意双写m、结尾 ption）；短文改错常考词性混用、主谓一致搭配。 【拓展延伸】 适配单元农业、生态、粮食安全话题，多用于描述粮食消耗、农业资源损耗、绿色生产、节能减耗，是环保、农业发展类作文高级替换词汇。 【即时小练】 Modern technology helps control the ______ (consume) of natural resources in agriculture. 答案：consumption 解析：考查动词变名词词性转换，定冠词 the 后接名词，表“自然资源消耗量”，是高考语法填空核心题型。 知识点7 convince vt. 使相信；使确信；说服 【词形变化】 convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的 convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 conviction n. 确信；信念；说服 【固定搭配】 （1）convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 （2）convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 （3）be convinced of / that... 坚信……；确信…… 【词汇拓展】 同义词：persuade vt. 说服；劝说 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 convince 侧重从思想、认知上使人信服、确信，强调说服结果 persuade 侧重通过劝说、沟通使人行动，强调劝说过程与行动 【易错提醒】 区分形容词用法：convincing 修饰事物（令人信服的）；convinced 修饰人（感到信服的），是语法填空高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 多用于描述科研人员让大众、社会相信农业新技术、杂交作物的优势与价值，是人物事迹、科技科普类读写高频词。 【即时小练】 Deeply ______ (convince) of the value of hybrid crops, scientists keep devoting themselves to agricultural research. 答案：convinced 解析：高考高频分词考点！形容词化过去分词作状语，be convinced of 固化搭配，修饰人主观认知。 知识点8 overcome vt. 克服；解决；战胜 【词形变化】 overcame v. （过去式）克服、战胜 overcome v. （过去分词）克服、战胜（原形同过去分词） 【固定搭配】 （1）overcome difficulties/hardships 克服困难、战胜艰辛 （2）overcome crisis 战胜危机（单元话题高频） 【词汇拓展】 同义词：conquer vt. 攻克、战胜；solve 解决 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 overcome 侧重克服抽象的困难、危机、困境、短板，适配农业科研、奋斗话题 conquer 侧重战胜对手、攻克难题、征服地域，语气更强 【易错提醒】 不规则动词变形：overcome-overcame-overcome，过去分词易写错，是语法填空、改错高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 奋斗精神、科研攻坚话题核心词，多用于描述农业研究者克服自然条件、技术难题、农业危机，深耕农业的励志场景，写作高频提分词。 【即时小练】 Facing severe agricultural limitations, researchers ______ (overcome) countless tough obstacles and achieved huge progress in crop breeding. 答案：overcame 解析：考查不规则动词时态变形。句中并列谓语achieved为一般过去时，时态保持一致，overcome的过去式为overcame，是高考语法填空高频易错考点。 知识点9 expand vt. & vi. 扩大；增加；扩展；发展 【词形变化】 expansion n. 扩张；扩展；发展 【固定搭配】 （1）expand production/scale 扩大生产/扩大规模 （2）expand agricultural output 提升农业产量 （3）expand into 拓展至；延伸到 【词汇拓展】 同义词：enlarge、extend 扩大、延伸 反义词：shrink、contract 收缩、缩小 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 expand 侧重规模、产量、业务、范围的整体扩大、增长，适配农业生产、产业发展话题 extend 侧重时间、空间、距离的延长、延伸 enlarge 侧重尺寸、体积、图片等具象放大 【易错提醒】 expand 可作及物和不及物动词，主动形式表被动含义，名词形式 expansion 为词性转换高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 农业产业发展核心词汇，多用于描述农业生产规模扩大、产量提升、技术推广，是经济发展、科技进步类作文高频词。 【即时小练】 The rapid development of modern agriculture contributes to the ______ (expand) of crop planting areas. 答案：expansion 解析：考查词性转换，定冠词the后接名词，expand的名词形式为expansion，表“扩张、扩大”，是高考高频词性转换考点，无原形送分情况。 知识点10 单元话题综合拓展（农业与粮食安全） 【高分写作句型】 （1）Devoted to agricultural research, scientists have overcome numerous difficulties and successfully boosted crop yields, effectively solving global agricultural problems. 投身于农业研究的科学家们克服了重重困难，成功提高了农作物产量，有效解决了各类农业发展难题。（单元核心万能励志句型） （2）Modern farming technology enables us to tackle agricultural crises and expand agricultural production worldwide. 现代农业技术让我们能够应对农业危机，在全球范围内扩大农业生产。（社会价值类高分句型） 【话题分类词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 农业生产类 consumption、output、boost、expand、hybrid、grain、wheat 消耗、产出、提升、扩大、杂交的、谷物、小麦 困境解决类 comprise、crisis、tackle、overcome、alleviate 包含、危机、解决、克服、缓解 科研奋斗类 devote、convince、attain、generate、essential 致力于、说服、获得、产生、至关重要的 农业特征类 characteristic、conventional、organic、nutritious、widespread 特征、传统的、有机的、营养丰富的、广泛的 单元语法：主语从句 1、 单元核心语法思维导图（主语从句） 二、主语从句核心知识 主语从句，属于名词性从句核心考点，指一个完整的句子充当主句的主语，贴合单元“农业劳作、粮食生产、科研奉献”的话题语境，多用于书面客观陈述、观点表达、事实说明。 （一）核心定义与基本特征 主语从句在主句中整体充当主语，具备名词属性；从句必须使用陈述语序，严禁疑问语序；从句为完整句子，必须自带主谓结构，不可残缺；单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词统一用单数形式。 三、主语从句两大核心句式结构 句式类型 完整结构 用法说明 例句 句首式主语从句 引导词+完整从句 + 主句谓语/表语 从句直接置于句首充当主语，句式正式，侧重强调从句内容 That farmers devote themselves to farming deserves our respect.（农民投身农业的奉献精神值得我们尊敬。） it作形式主语从句 It + 主句谓语 + 真正主语从句（后置） 规避句首主语过长导致的头重脚轻，是单元高频常用句式 It is obvious that modern agriculture improves grain output.（现代农业提高粮食产量是显而易见的。） 四、主语从句引导词分类精讲（重难点） 引导词类型 语法功能 使用规则 例句 that 无词义、不作成分，仅起连接作用 不可省略，多用于陈述客观事实、真理，从句语义完整 That scientific farming increases crop yields is a fact.（科学种植能够提高农作物产量是一个事实。） whether 表“是否”，不作从句成分 句首主语从句只能用whether，不可用if Whether new agricultural techniques will be widely used remains to be seen.（新的农业技术是否会被广泛应用还有待观察。） 特殊疑问词what/who/how/why 在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语，有具体词义 保留疑问含义，陈述语序，不可倒装 How we can solve food shortages is an important question.（我们如何解决粮食短缺问题是一个重要课题。） 五、it作形式主语高频固定句型 固定句型结构 语义 例句 It is clear/obvious that... 很明显…… It is clear that hard work contributes to agricultural success.（很明显，努力耕耘助力农业丰收。） It is important that... ……很重要 It is important that we protect farmland.（我们保护耕地至关重要。） It remains that... ……仍然有待…… It remains that we further improve farming technology.（我们仍需进一步改良农耕技术。） It is a fact that... 事实是…… It is a fact that agriculture is the foundation of national development.（农业是国家发展的基础，这是事实。） 六、核心语法规则 （一）主谓一致规则 单数原则：单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语动词、系动词一律用单数。 例句：What farmers do plays a key role in food supply.（农民的劳作对粮食供应至关重要。） 复数原则：两个及以上主语从句并列作主语，表两件不同事情，主句谓语用复数。 （二）虚拟语气特殊规则 在 It is important/necessary/vital/strange that... 句型中，主语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语为(should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 例句：It is vital that we (should) develop green agriculture.（发展绿色农业至关重要。） 7、 重难点辨析：主语从句 VS 定语从句 对比维度 主语从句 定语从句 句法功能 整体充当主句主语，无先行词 修饰前面名词，必须有先行词 引导词that 无词义、不作成分、不可省略 指代先行词，作从句主语/宾语，宾语可省略 句式位置 句首或后置（it形式主语） 紧跟先行词之后 核心区别例句 That he studies farming is admirable.（主语从句：他钻研农业的精神令人敬佩。） The spirit that he has inspires us.（定语从句：他拥有的精神激励着我们。） 八、单元语法易错点汇总 语序易错：主语从句必须用陈述语序，禁止出现疑问倒装语序。 引导词易错：句首主语从句表“是否”，只能用whether，绝对不能用if。 that易错：主语从句中的that无词义、不作成分，但是绝对不能省略。 主谓一致易错：单个主语从句作主语，主句谓语严禁使用复数形式。 虚拟语气易错：It is important/vital that...句型中，从句谓语必须用(should) do，不可用时态变形。 （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．The new text ______ (由……组成) of three parts is hard to recite. 【答案】composed/comprised/consisting 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：这篇由三部分组成的课文很难背诵。分析句子结构可知，is是句子的谓语动词，所以空处填非谓语动词；再根据所给汉语提示可知，be composed of/be comprised of意为“由……组成”，此处省去be，用过去分词composed/comprised作the new text的后置定语；此处还可以用consist of“由……组成”，此短语无被动，用现在分词consisting作后置定语。故填composed/comprised/consisting。 2．There is no doubt that fresh air and ________ (有营养的) food will speed his recovery. 【答案】nutritious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，呼吸新鲜空气和吃有营养的食物会加速他的康复。根据汉语提示“有营养的”可知，此处使用形容词nutritious，作定语，修饰名词food。故填nutritious。 3．The failure of the peace talks set off a chain of ___________ (危机). 【答案】crises 【详解】考查名词。句意：和谈的失败引发了一连串的危机。“危机”是crisis，空前有a chain of可知，空格处用复数crises，故填crises。 4．In the speech, he explained some of the positive ________ (方面) of technological development. 【答案】aspects 【详解】考查名词。句意：在演讲中，他解释了科技发展的一些积极方面。“方面”是aspect，空前有some，空格处用复数，故填aspects。 5．The team use running to __________ (克服) their hardships and to rebuild their hopes for a better future. 【答案】overcome 【详解】考查动词。句意：团队通过跑步来克服困难，并重建对美好未来的希望。空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是overcome意为“克服”符合语境。故填overcome。 6．The need to communicate is a key ________ (特征；特点) of human society. 【答案】characteristic 【详解】考查名词。句意：交流的需要是人类社会的一个关键特征。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应用单词characteristic，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词a可知，空格处应用其单数形式，在句中作表语。故填characteristic。 7．Art production theory has gone through three major stages in ________ (国内的) development. 【答案】domestic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：艺术生产理论在国内的发展经历了三个主要阶段。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“国内的”可用domestic，为形容词，在本句中作定语。故填domestic。 8．According to a recent study, both the size and __________ (消费) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. 【答案】consumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据最近的一项研究，我们用餐伙伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。设空处应填名词与size并列作主语，“消费”对应的名词是consumption，为不可数名词。故填consumption。 9．With the development of social media, this kind of creative content has become ________ (普遍的；广泛的) among young people across the nation. 【答案】widespread 【详解】考查形容词。句意：随着社交媒体的发展，这种创意内容已在全中国的年轻人中变得很普遍。“普遍的；广泛的”对应的英语单词为widespread，形容词作表语。故填widespread。 10．Deeply ________ (致力于) herself to environmental protection, she went to participate in activities every weekend. 【答案】devoting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她全身心致力于环境保护，每个周末都去参加相关活动。根据汉语提示“致力于”可知，此处为动词devote，此处为非谓语动词作状语，与主语she之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作状语，devote oneself to表示“致力于”。故填devoting。 二、阅读理解 A According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 1．What do solar developers often ignore? A．The decline in the demand for solar energy. B．The negative impact of installing solar panels. C．The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D．The most recent advances in solar technology. 2．What does InSPIRE aim to do? A．Improve the productivity of local farms. B．Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C．Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D．Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 3．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development. C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。 B For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeth’s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.” 5．Why did Merebeth changed her job? A．She wanted to work near her home. B．She was tired of working in the office. C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D．Her former employer was out of business. 6．The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________? A．make money. B．try various jobs. C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places. 7．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job? A．She has chances to see rare animals. B．She works hard throughout the year. C．She relies on herself the whole time. D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。 【详解】5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。 6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。 三、完形填空 Last Sunday, my class went to visit the Yuan Longping Memorial Hall. We all knew Mr. Yuan was a great scientist who helped solve the food problem for many people. Our teacher told us to take notebooks to 1 important things we learned.​ When we arrived, a guide greeted us warmly. She took us to the first hall and showed us photos of Mr. Yuan. We saw him working in the fields — he always wore a simple hat and 2 clothes. The guide told us Mr. Yuan spent most of his life 3 hybrid rice. Even in his 80s, he still went to the fields every day to check the crops. Sometimes he would stay in the fields the whole 4 to watch how the rice grew.​ In another room, there were some of Mr. Yuan’s old things: a broken notebook, a used pen, and a pair of muddy shoes. The notebook was full of his 5 about rice research. I felt moved when I looked at these things — they showed how hard Mr. Yuan worked. A classmate of mine even took a photo of the notebook to 6 it.​ Then, we watched a short video. It told the story of how Mr. Yuan 7 hybrid rice. At first, many people thought it was impossible. But Mr. Yuan never gave up. After years of hard work, he finally 8 . His rice could feed millions more people. The video made many of us 9 — we were all proud of him.​ Before we left, we wrote down our feelings on a wall. I wrote, “Mr. Yuan, you are our hero. We will learn from your 10 and keep working hard.” On the way back to school, my classmates and I talked a lot. We all agreed that this visit was very 11 . We learned not only about Mr. Yuan’s achievements but also about his spirit of 12 .​ I think everyone should remember Mr. Yuan. His work has changed the world for the better, and his story will 13 us to try our best for a long time. This trip made me understand that true success comes from hard work and 14 to one’s dream. I decided to study harder so that I can 15 something useful for our country too.​ 1．A．write down B．look for C．throw away D．give up​ 2．A．clean B．expensive C．simple D．beautiful​ 3．A．studying B．selling C．eating D．buying​ 4．A．night B．day C．week D．month​ 5．A．drawings B．notes C．stories D．poems​ 6．A．forget B．hide C．remember D．lose​ 7．A．found B．lost C．forgot D．hid​ 8．A．failed B．succeeded C．stopped D．left​ 9．A．cry B．smile C．shout D．laugh​ 10．A．laziness B．kindness C．hardness D．courage​ 11．A．boring B．useless C．meaningful D．difficult​ 12．A．giving up B．keeping on C．showing off D．turning back​ 13．A．encourage B．stop C．warn D．frighten​ 14．A．gift B．hope C．devotion D．doubt​ 15．A．make B．do C．have D．get​ 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述作者的班级参观袁隆平纪念馆的经历。 【详解】1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：老师让我们带上笔记本，写下我们学到的重要内容。A. write down 写下；B. look for 寻找；C. throw away 扔掉；D. give up 放弃。根据前文“notebooks”和下文“important things we learned”可知，笔记本的用途是记录学到的内容，“write down”符合“记录信息”的语境。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看到他在田里工作——他总是戴着一顶简单的帽子，穿着朴素的衣服。A. clean 干净的；B. expensive 昂贵的；C. simple 朴素的；D. beautiful 漂亮的。根据前文“simple hat”可知，袁隆平院士生活简朴，衣物也应是朴素的。故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：导游告诉我们，袁先生一生大部分时间都在研究杂交水稻。A. studying 研究；B. selling 销售；C. eating 吃；D. buying 购买。根据后文“hybrid rice.”可知，袁隆平院士的核心成就在于杂交水稻研究，“studying”符合“科学家钻研学术”的语境。故选A项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时他会一整天待在田里，观察水稻的生长情况。A. night 夜晚；B. day 白天；C. week 周；D. month 月。根据后文“watch how the rice grew”可知，观察水稻生长是短期行为，且与前文“went to the fields every day”呼应。所以他会一整天待在田里。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：笔记本上满是他关于水稻研究的笔记。A. drawings 图画；B. notes 笔记；C. stories 故事；D. poems 诗歌。根据前文“notebook”和后文“rice research”可知，科研过程中会在笔记本上记录相关笔记，“notes”符合“科研记录”的场景。故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个同学甚至拍下了笔记本的照片来纪念它。A. forget 忘记；B. hide 隐藏；C. remember 纪念、记住；D. lose 丢失。根据前文“A classmate of mine even took a photo of the notebook”可知，袁隆平院士的笔记本承载着他的科研心血，同学拍照是为了留存纪念，“remember”符合“珍视珍贵物品”的语境。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它讲述了袁先生如何发现杂交水稻的故事。A. found 发现；B. lost 丢失；C. forgot 忘记；D. hid 隐藏。根据前文“Then, we watched a short video. It told the story”可知，杂交水稻是袁隆平院士经过研究发现并培育成功的，“found”符合“科研成果的探索过程”。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，他终于成功了。A. failed 失败；B. succeeded 成功；C. stopped 停止；D. left 离开。根据后文“His rice could feed millions more people”可知，袁隆平院士的研究取得了成果，成功了。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频让我们很多人流泪——我们都为他感到骄傲。A. cry 哭泣；B. smile 微笑；C. shout 大喊；D. laugh 大笑。根据前文“I felt moved”以及后文“proud of him”可知，袁隆平院士的经历令人感动，可能让人落泪。故选A项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们将学习您的勇气，继续努力。A. laziness 懒惰；B. kindness 善良；C. hardness 硬度；D. courage 勇气。根据前文“many people thought it was impossible. But Mr. Yuan never gave up”可知，袁隆平院士在质疑中坚持研究，体现了勇气。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们都认为这次参观非常有意义。A. boring 无聊的；B. useless 无用的；C. meaningful 有意义的；D. difficult 困难的。根据后文“We learned not only about Mr. Yuan’s achievements but also about his spirit”可知，参观让同学们收获颇丰，因此是有意义的。故选C项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不仅了解了袁先生的成就，还学到了他坚持不懈的精神。A. giving up 放弃；B. keeping on 坚持；C. showing off 炫耀；D. turning back 回头。根据前文“never gave up”以及“years of hard work”可知，袁隆平院士的核心精神是坚持，“keeping on”与“never gave up”语义一致。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的工作让世界变得更美好，他的故事将长期鼓励我们全力以赴。A. encourage 鼓励；B. stop 阻止；C. warn 警告；D. frighten 使害怕。根据后文“us to try our best for a long time.”可知，袁隆平院士的故事传递正能量，会鼓励人们努力。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行让我明白，真正的成功来自努力工作和对梦想的奉献。A. gift 礼物；B. hope 希望；C. devotion 奉献；D. doubt 怀疑。根据前文“ue success comes from hard work”可知，袁隆平院士一生致力于杂交水稻研究，是对梦想的“奉献”，“devotion”符合“长期专注于目标”的语境。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定更加努力学习，以便也能为我们的国家做些有用的事情。A. make 制作；B. do 做；C. have 拥有；D. get 获得。根据前文“I decided to study harder”以及“something useful”可知，作者要为国家做有用的事情”。故选B项。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As temperatures rise throughout China, farmers have launched the spring plowing season, an essential part of the country’s agricultural calendar. Spring plowing, known as chun geng in Chinese, 1 (set) the foundation for the year’s grain production. In the North China Plain, 2 wheat is a major crop, farmers have been busy preparing the soil, carefully tested and certified by local agricultural stations, 3 a good harvest. Meanwhile, in southern provinces, farmers are transplanting young plants into waterlogged fields. Recently, Chinese authorities have 4 (steady) promoted the development of new-quality productive forces in agriculture, targeting smart agriculture as a technological breakthrough to enhance efficiency in farming. One good example is Henan’s “Central-China Agricultural Valley” project, which 5 (equip) with monitoring stations and satellites. It constantly collects data related to grain growth 6 sends it to an analytic system, providing timely 7 (guide) for farmers. The Chinese are holding firmly onto 8 (they) rice bowls and behind this, agricultural technology is playing an increasingly important role. Technological contributions now represent 9 notable 60% of agricultural growth in 2023. Song Lili, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told Xinhua. “With 10 (limit) farmland, innovation is vital to ensure stable grain production.” 【答案】 1．sets 2．where 3．for 4．steadily 5．is equipped 6．and 7．guidance 8．their 9．a 10．limited 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国春耕时节农业生产情况及农业技术的发展。 【详解】1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Spring plowing(春耕)，在中国被称为“chun geng(春耕)”，为全年的粮食生产奠定了基础。空处作句子的谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为Spring plowing，和谓语动词set之间为主动关系，所以应用一般现在时的主动语态，谓语动词用三单形式。故填sets。 2．考查定语从句。句意：在华北平原，小麦是主要作物，农民们一直在忙着准备土壤，这些土壤都经过了当地农业站的仔细测试和认证，以期获得好收成。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the North China Plain，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3．考查介词。句意：在华北平原，小麦是主要作物，农民们一直在忙着准备土壤，这些土壤都经过了当地农业站的仔细测试和认证，以期获得好收成。此处表示“以期获得好收成”，应用介词for“为了”，表示目的。故填for。 4．考查副词。句意：最近，中国政府一直在稳步推进农业新型生产力的发展，将智能农业作为提高农业生产效率的技术突破口。空处修饰动词promoted，应用副词steadily“稳定地”作状语。故填steadily。 5．考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。句意：一个很好的例子是河南的“中原农业谷”项目，该项目配备了监测站和卫星。空处作定语从句的谓语，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语which指代先行词project，为第三人称单数，和从句谓语动词equip之间为被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is equipped。 6．考查连词。句意：它不断收集与粮食生长相关的数据，并将其发送到分析系统，为农民提供及时的指导。“collects data”和“sends it to an analytic system”为并列关系，所以应用连词and连接。故填and。 7．考查名词。句意：它不断收集与粮食生长相关的数据，并将其发送到分析系统，为农民提供及时的指导。空处作providing的宾语，应用名词guidance，表示“指导”，为不可数名词。故填guidance。 8．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：中国人正紧紧抓住自己的饭碗，而在这背后，农业技术正发挥着越来越重要的作用。空处修饰名词短语rice bowls，应用形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们的”。故填their。 9．考查冠词。句意：中国农业科学院研究员宋丽丽告诉新华社：“在2023年，技术贡献现在占农业增长的60%，这是一个显著的比例。”此处表示“一个显著的比例”，应用不定冠词表示泛指，notable为辅音音素开头的单词，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查形容词。句意：由于耕地有限，创新对于确保粮食稳定生产至关重要。空处修饰名词farmland作定语，应用形容词limited，表示“有限的”。故填limited。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $