北京市第二中学2023-2024学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试英语试卷

北京二中2023一2024学年度第六学段高二年级学段考试试卷 英语 命题人：张荣、付春雨 审核人：张一帆、王林娜 得分： 第一部分：知识运用(30分) 第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China,I had the kind of humbling,educational,and above all else,wonderful 1 with a local that all travelers long for.A young Chinese man approached me on the train.My 2 friend spoke virtually no English,so I happily took the chance to practice my Chinese. Over several hours,he would tell me about how he had attended a two-year professional school to quickly find a job 3 highways in order to help support his family.Perhaps the most 4,however,was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.Without batting an eye,he would 5 a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American writers as a whole."And what do you all learn about Russian authors?"I 6 him asking at one point. It would have been easy to 7 my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed,8,and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours,he showed me just how much one can gain from 9 with an open mind,and a willingness to 10 with locals from all walks of life. 1.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment 2.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost 3.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding 4.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable 5.A.publish B.quote C.copy D.download 6.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch 7.A.look into B.rely on C.go over D.deal with 8.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated 9.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching 10.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade,given its current population decline.The main reason is a lack of food 11_(cause)by disturbance to ocean conditions.According to a study,recently scientists 12 (identify)a possible additional cause,one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins 13 finding food:noise pollution in a bay. -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第1页（共8页)- B When people 14 (face)with health or nutrition questions,it is increasingly common to go online and diagnose themselves.But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice,some of 15 is extremely dangerous!Also,search engines rank results by 16(popular)rather than accuracy,so solid facts can be tricky to find.It is worth 17 (check)if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. There was a farmer who always sold a pound of butter to a baker.One day the baker decided to weigh the butter to see if he was getting a pound and found that he was not.This angered 18 (he), so he took the farmer to court.The judge asked the farmer 19 he had a measuring tool.The farmer replied,"I have a pair of scale.I have been buying a pound of bread from him.When the baker 20 (bring)me the bread,I always put it on my scale and give him the same weight of butter..” 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分) 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 museums Glasgow Museums Display Guidelines A Practical Guide for Exhibitions This document sets out the display standards for Glasgow Museums.This guide will help exhibition planners provide access to exhibitions in our museums.Glasgow Museums'aim is to improve access to collections by having as many items as possible on display and without physical barriers.We also try our best to protect these objects without limiting access to them. Object Placement Don't place objects in such a way that they could present a danger to visitors. All object displays,cased or otherwise,must be viewable by all,including people who are small in figure or in wheelchairs. > Open Display All objects on open display must be secure from theft and damage. All objects identified for potential open display must be viewed and agreed on an object-to- object basis by the Security Manager of the museum. Recommendations Distance Recommended distance to place objects out of "casual arm's 700mm length"(taken from the edge of the object to the edge of any proposed form of barrier) *In some cases,600mm may be acceptable,provided the plinth height is above 350mm. >Cased Objects All cased displays should fall within the general optimum (viewing band of 750- 2000mm.Ensure everything is visually accessible from a wheelchair. Position small objects or those with fine detail in the front part of a case,with larger items behind. Position small items or those with fine detail no higher than 1015mm from floor level. Objects placed above this height are only seen from below by people in wheelchairs or people who are small in figure. -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第2页（共8页）- 00 750 plinth Open Display Cased Objects 21.From this passage,we can learn that Glasgow Museums A.limit access to exhibitions on a daily basis B.are most famous for its large collection C.value the experiences of all visitors D.make generous donations to the disabled 22.According to the guide,objects to be placed on open display must A.be equipped with anti-theft system B.be viewed from a distance of 700mm C.fall within arms'reach of a standing man D.receive approval from the museum first 23.A mother and her 10-year-old son are likely to both feel comfortable in front of a diamond placed in a glass case at the height of A.1250mm B.650mm C.950mm D.450mm B Is any economist so dull as to criticize Christmas?At first glance,the holiday season in western economies seems a treat for those concerned with such vagaries(奇思遐想)as GDP growth. After all,everyone is spending;in America,retailers make 25%of their yearly sales and 60%of their profits between Thanksgiving and Christmas.Even so,economists find something to worry about in the nature of the purchases being made. Much of the holiday spending is on gifts for others.At the simplest level,giving gifts involves the giver thinking of something that the recipient would like--he tries to guess her preferences,as economists say--and then buying the gift and delivering it.Yet this guessing of preferences is not easy;indeed,it is often done badly.Every year,ties go unworn and books unread.And even if a gift is enjoyed,it may not be what the recipient would have bought if they had spent the money themselves. Interested in this mismatch between wants and gifts,in 1993 Joel Waldfogel,then an economist at Yale University,sought to estimate the difference in dollar terms.In a study,he asked students two questions at the end of a holiday season:first,estimate the total amount paid(by the givers)for all the holiday gifts you received;second,apart from the sentimental value of the items,if you did not have them,how much would you be willing to pay to get them?His results were gloomy:on average,a gift was valued by the recipient well below the price paid by the giver. In addition,recipients may not know their own preferences very well.Some of the best gifts, after all,are unexpected items that you would never have thought of buying,but which turn out to be especially well picked.And preferences can change.So by giving a jazz CD,for example,the giver may be encouraging the recipient to enjoy something that was ignored before.This,a desire to build skills,is possibly the hope held by many parents who ignore their children's desires for video games and buy them books instead. Finally,there are items that a recipient would like to receive but not purchase.If someone else buys them,however,they can be enjoyed guilt-free.This might explain the volume of chocolate that changes over the holidays.Thus,the lesson for gift-givers is that you should try hard to guess -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第3页（共8页）- the preference of each person on your list and then choose a gift that will have high sentimental value. 24.According to the text,which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Price is nothing but the factor when you give gifts. B.The receivers often overestimate the values of gifts. C.Chocolate will be blamed when people receive them as gifts. D.Gifts do not always correspond to needs in gift-giving. 25.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the text? A.The best gifts are well picked by the givers. B.The gift-giver tries to ignore the actual needs of the receiver. C.In gift-giving,guessing preferences is often a failure,so it's the thought that counts. D.You have to take money into consideration when giving a gift. 26.The text is most likely taken from a A.users'handbook B.consumer-related report C.travel magazine D.medical journal 0 As the world's population grows,farmers will need to produce more and more food.And large farms are increasingly using precision farming to increase yields,reduce waste,and reduce the economic and security risks that inevitably accompany agricultural uncertainty. Traditional farming relies on managing entire fields-making decisions related to planting, harvesting,irrigating,and applying pesticides and fertilizer-based on regional conditions and historical data.Precision farming,by contrast,combines sensors,robots,GPS,mapping tools and data-analytics software to customize the care that plants receive without increasing labor.Robot- mounted sensors and camera-equipped drones wirelessly send images and data on individual plants to a computer,which looks for signs of health and stress.Farmers receive the feedback in real time and then deliver water,pesticide or fertilizer in adjusted doses to only the areas that need it.The technology can also help farmers decide when to plant and harvest crops. As a result,precision farming can improve time management,reduce water and chemical use, and produce healthier crops and higher yields-all of which benefit farmers'bottom lines and conserve resources while reducing chemical runoff. Many small businesses are developing new software,sensors,and other tools for precision farming,as are large companies such as Monsanto,John Deere,Bayer,Dow and DuPont.The U.S. Department of Agriculture,NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all support precision farming,and many colleges now offer course work on the topic. In a related development,seed producers are applying technology to improve plant characteristics.By following individual plants over time and analyzing which ones flourish in different conditions,companies can relate the plants'response to their environments with their genomics().That information,in turn,allows the companies to produce seed varieties that will grow well in specific soil and weather conditions.This advanced technology may also help to improve crop nutrition. Farmers do not universally welcome precision agriculture for various reasons,such as high equipment costs and lack of access to the Internet.The technology may bring great challenges to experienced farmers who are not good at computers.And large systems will also be beyond the reach of many small farming operations in developing nations.But less expensive,simpler systems could potentially be applied.For others,though,cost savings in the long run may reduce the financial concerns.And however reticent some farmers may be to adopt new technology,the next generation of farmers are likely to warm to the approach. -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第4页（共8页）一 27.Precision farming differs from traditional farming partly because it A.relies on regional conditions and historical data B.provides real time information about target crops C.offers plenty of water,pesticides and fertilizer D.guarantees high yields with more labor 28.About precision farming,we can learn that A.it draws positive responses from businesses B.the government holds a cautious attitude C.seed producers have already made huge profits D.large systems will soon be built in developing nations 29.The underlined word "reticent"in the last paragraph probably means A.disappointed B.unwilling C.shocked D.confused 30.What is the best title for the passage? A.Traditional Farming is Gradually Disappearing B.More Challenges Faced by Modern Farmers C.Development of Farming Systems in the U.S D.Precision Farming Increases Crop Yields D It is a general belief among academics that the humanities are in crisis.According to Harvard historian James Hankins,part of the problem is the dominance of"critical"reading over "primary" reading.Primary reading takes a text at face value and simply tries to understand what the author intended to say.Critical reading assumes an author's statements can never be taken at face value. Instead,they must be "seen through"to expose the text's real meaning,which is determined in accord with this or that fashionable theory. Mr.Hankins says primary reading "must be recovered"for higher education in the humanities to be effective.I would go further.Primary reading isn't important only for the humanities,or even for education more generally.The restoration of primary reading could be a crucial weapon in fighting the "idle talk"that troubles American society. Idle talk was philosopher Martin Heidegger's term for inauthentic discourse(不可信的言).It involves adopting and circulating others'opinions about something without ever personally engaging that thing for yourself.People engaged in idle talk speak in accord with expectations for their particular identity or role.They hold and express the opinions a person in their role is expected to hold. Idle talk can be harmless.Each year my mother forms strong opinions about which films should win Academy Awards without seeing any of them,after reading articles by critics she favors. But idle talk can also be dangerous.Consider journalism.The norm nowadays is for one reporter to break a story,followed by dozens or hundreds of journalists recycling that content.They may add a little spin of their own but rarely look into the issue for themselves-even when this would require but a few clicks and a couple of minutes to read a legislative(text.Some journalists even just search social media for the story of the day and rewrite it in their own words. The Covid pandemic highlighted the problem,from exclusion of those daring to discuss the tradeoffs of lockdowns to the promotion of masks as a political identity marker completely disconnected from medical or scientific justification.Not to mention the misleading statement that arose over“the science'”and the social trend to“follow”it. Social media has contributed to the spread of idle talk.Authentic discourse requires time effort and good-faith engagement,but social media tends to encourage the opposite.As journalists comment on every topic,however small or traditionally unnewsworthy,the all-knowing chorus of global gossip becomes a roaring crowd.Social media raises this voice,pushing it into user feeds 24/7.We hear about everything,and we can't hear about anything without also being told what opinion we should have about it.Opinions before facts;know what to think about something before actually looking into it for yourself.And really,why even bother with that? 高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第6页（共8页） Primary reading isn't only something the humanities need.Our entire culture needs its value to be recognized and restored. 31.What do we know from the first two paragraphs? A.Critical reading is generally preferred nowadays. B.Critical reading leads to the crisis in humanities. C.Primary reading focuses on the deep meaning. D.Primary reading once dominated higher education. 32.What does the underlined word "spin"in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Practice. B.Priority. C.Interpretation. D.Investigation. 33.What does the author think of idle talk? A.It broadens people's understanding. B.It affects independent thinking ability. C.It promotes the advance of social media. D.It shakes people's trust in news report. 34.What message does the author convey? A.Readers should stay away from idle talk. B.Readers should take a balanced view on reading. C.Readers should limit the impact of social media. D.Readers should read original texts carefully. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We all want to make a great first impression,whether it's meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event.35 First days can be stressful:Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role,but you are also learning the ropes about office culture,coworker personalities,and team interactions. 36 Whether it comes naturally or not,try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths.Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you,especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis.Be kind to those around you,and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment.37 38 What does that mean?Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer-go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible,but eager to show what you can do.If there are any after-work events,be sure to attend. Some people work in a casual office atmosphere,where rules are a bit laid back.But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace,the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack().39 That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day.Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours.And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks,even if you notice others doing so. As the newbie in the office,it's ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what's expected in terms of dress,office culture,etc.But on your very first day,do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team. A.It is a lot to take in,but now is not the time to be shy. B.Initiative is the most important tlhing for a new employee to get started. C.Whether it's fair or not,people make assumptions based on physical presentation. D.You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer. E.The very first day of your very first professional job,however,may just be the defining moment. F.Instead,keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand. G.People will pick up on your genuineness,which will go a long way toward making a great first impression. -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第6页（共8页）- 第三部分(42分) 第一节：阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，43题5分，共12分） Why do you pull yourself out of bed every morning to go to work or school?What does it take to make you feel like your contribution in those places is truly worthwhile?Knowing what motivates you can help you find meaning in your work and make efforts to reach your goals. Psychologists have a wide variety of ways of describing and differentiating motivations because people care about so many different things.Psychologist David McClelland identified three main motivations for people:achievement (the feeling of success),affiliation (close relationships) and power (the ability to influence the world).Authors Adrian Gostick and Chester Elton identified 23 motivations,including creativity,challenge and learning. Some motivations,such as money,social position and praise,are external;these are the tools bosses typically use to encourage their employees to do better.Other motivations,including fun, personal growth and feeling like one's work is significant,come from within the person doing the action.These ideals,called internal motivations,tend to be more reliable than external ones because they represent things that can never be taken away. Since a wide variety of motivations exist,it's important to understand which ones are persuasive to you.Trying to motivate yourself in a way that doesn't appeal to you will make it difficult to convince yourself to work.When choosing a career,think about what motivates you and make decisions accordingly.If you are motivated by overcoming challenges,look for a career where you can continually try hard to reach a higher level. People motivated by external rewards sometimes struggle to meet goals they set for themselves that no one else knows about.They can solve this problem by creating external rewards for their personal goals such as finding a friend to hold them accountable. When you know what motivates you,you will be able to motivate yourself to do the things necessary to succeed.And if you are a leader,knowing what motivates your team will enable you to help them do the same. 40.Why is it important for people to be clear of their motivations? 41.How can the motivations be classified according to McClelland? 42.Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. Since the external motivations involve money,social position and praise,which are often used as tools by bosses,they are more dependable than the internal ones. 43.Please briefly present what motivates you in your life and how it works.(about 40 words) -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第7页（共8页）- 第二节词汇（满分10分) 根据句意、中文提示和单词或短语的首字母，写出单词或短语的正确形式，并将完整的 单词或短语书写在答题纸的相应位置上。 44.He got up and d (拖；拽)his chair toward the table.. 45.Facilities for people with d (残疾)are still insufficient. 46.She was a fairly r (死板的)person who had strong religious views. 47.Once in court,he w (撤▣)the statement he had made to the police. 48.The most important c (for entry is that applicants must design and make their own work. 49.Simple directions for a (组装)the model are printed on the box. 50.At the mention of ice cream the little girl became excited and animated,b (弹跳；蹦) up and down on the bed. 51.Doctors tried to a (短语：照料)the worst injured soldiers first. 52.The reigning (Super Bowl champions continue to play as if they are i (短语：独领风骚)， 53.I came into adult life clueless about a lot of things that most people t (短语： 认为理所当然) 第三节书面表达（满分20分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他很想了解你 的职业规划，请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1.你希望从事的职业以及选择该职业的原因； 2.你打算为之做何准备。 注意：1.词数不少于100： 2开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua -高二年级英语第六学段考试2024年7月第8页（共8页）-