专题04 Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【语境大串记】 词汇语境串记单元学案 -2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语单元学案以“Natural Disasters”为主题，聚焦单元词汇的语境化记忆与应用，通过“语境串记-词形转变-梯度练习-关联拓展”的递进式任务设计，构建从词汇输入到综合运用的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于“语境串记短文”和“梯度复现练习”的深度融合，短文以灾难事件为线索整合63个单元核心词汇，练习涵盖英汉互译、词形变换等七种题型，结合“词汇网络图”和“顽固词库”工具，培养学生语言能力和学习能力，为教师实施单元复习提供针对性强、可操作的教学支持。

专题04 第四单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 6 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Natural Disasters，共63词） 8 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 10 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The Night the Town Fell A terrible disaster changed our quiet town forever one rainy night. After weeks of heavy rain, a great flood rose and a landslide began to slide down the hill, destroying many small houses in its path. The river soon looked like a wild tsunami, and the wind swept away the old wooden bridge. In a few minutes the village was left in ruins, with broken brick walls and bent metal poles everywhere. People stood in shock, watching their homes fall into ruin, and no one could believe the full magnitude of what had happened. The local government at once declared a state of emergency and ordered everyone to evacuate the low areas. Brave soldiers arrived by helicopter to rescue people who were trapped in the fallen buildings. Doctors worked with great effort to revive those who could not breathe, and their hard work brought a quiet revival to many sad families. Volunteers gave quick aid and a safe shelter to the homeless, and nurses opened a first aid kit and used extra supplies from the medical kit to treat the wounded, with clean water always on hand from a nearby tap. A clever engineer used long pipes to send the water, while a loud whistle called everyone to higher ground. The wise mayor spoke with wisdom and asked people to stay calm. The flood caused serious damage and destroyed two schools; some walls began to crack, and the sudden loss of electricity left us in the dark. The news of several deaths shocked the whole country and deeply affected everyone. Yet the victims did not suffer alone — neighbours helped neighbours, and a kind hurricane of kindness swept through the town. Those who survived found new power in their unity, and the firemen delivered food and a clear summary of the danger to each family. The rescue had a great effect on our hope, and in the end the whole town became unifyed again. It seemed as if the earth would never stop; a far volcanic eruption lit the sky, and huge waves struck the coast as lightning began to strike the old tower. About ninety percent of the old houses were gone, and after the rain a sudden typhoon came, while a nearby volcano began to erupt with great force. Even a small tornado or a long drought would have been less terrible, but our spirit was never broken. People stayed in the open air day and night, and the loud crash of a falling wall frightened the children. The flood could sweep away our houses but not our hope, and we learned to bury our sadness and start again. With time, the town will stand strong once more, and we will always remember the length and the true context of that dark period in our lives. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 一个可怕的灾难(disaster)在一个雨夜永远改变了我们安静的小镇。连日大雨后，大洪水(flood)上涨，一场滑坡(landslide)开始顺着山坡滑行(slide)，摧毁了沿途许多小屋。河水很快像疯狂的海啸，狂风扫除(sweep)了古老的木桥。几分钟内村庄便沦为废墟(in ruins)，到处是破碎的砖(brick)墙和弯曲的金属(metal)杆。人们震惊地(in shock)站着，眼看家园化为废墟(ruin)，谁也无法相信灾难的震级(magnitude)竟如此之大。 当地政府立刻宣布进入紧急状态(emergency)，并命令所有人撤离(evacuate)低洼地区。勇敢的士兵乘直升机(helicopter)赶来营救(rescue)那些被困住(trap)在倒塌建筑里的人。医生以巨大的努力(effort)使无法呼吸(breathe)的人苏醒(revive)，他们的辛劳给许多悲伤的家庭带来安静的复苏(revival)。志愿者迅速为无家可归者提供援助(aid)和安全的避难所(shelter)，护士们打开急救箱(first aid kit)，用医疗箱(kit)里的备用物资(supply)救治伤员，近旁水龙头(tap)的干净水也随手可得(on hand)。一位聪明的工程师用长长的管道(pipe)送水，响亮的哨声(whistle)把大家召集到高处。睿智的镇长以智慧(wisdom)讲话，请大家保持镇静(calm)。 洪水给道路造成严重的损害(damage)，并摧毁(destroy)了两所学校；一些墙开始破裂(crack)，电(electricity)的突然中断让我们陷入黑暗。几起死亡(death)的消息使全国震惊(shock)，深深影响(affect)了每一个人。然而灾民并非独自受苦(suffer)——邻里互助，一股善意的飓风(hurricane)席卷小镇。那些幸存(survive)下来的人在团结中找到新的力量(power)，消防队员向每户人家递送(deliver)食物和清晰的情况总结(summary)。救援对我们希望产生了巨大的影响(effect)，最终整座小镇重新团结(unify)起来。 仿佛(as if)大地永远不会停止；远处的火山喷发(volcanic eruption)照亮天空，巨大的海浪(wave)袭击海岸，闪电开始侵袭(strike)古塔。约百分之九十(percent)的旧屋已毁，雨后一场突如其来的台风(typhoon)又至，附近的火山(volcano)开始猛烈喷发(erupt)。即便小小的龙卷风(tornado)或漫长的旱灾(drought)也不会如此可怕，但我们的精神从未垮掉。人们日夜待在露天(in the open air)，倒塌墙壁发出的巨响撞击(crash)声让孩子们惊恐。洪水能冲走(sweep away)我们的房屋，却冲不走我们的希望，我们学会埋葬(bury)悲伤重新开始。假以时日，小镇将再次坚强挺立，我们也将永远铭记那段黑暗岁月的长度(length)与真实背景(context)。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 disaster n.灾难 disastrous (adj.) 灾难性的 2 destroy vt.摧毁 destruction (n.) 毁灭；destructive (adj.) 破坏性的 3 damage vt.损害 damaged (adj.) 受损的；damaging (adj.) 有害的 4 die/death n.死 death (n.) 死亡；dead (adj.) 死的；deadly (adj.) 致命的 5 shock n./v.震惊 shocked (adj.) 震惊的；shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的 6 survive v.幸存 survival (n.) 幸存；survivor (n.) 幸存者 7 evacuate v.疏散 evacuation (n.) 疏散；evacuated (adj.) 被疏散的 8 bury vt.埋葬 burial (n.) 葬礼；buried (adj.) 被埋的 9 breathe v.呼吸 breath (n.) 呼吸；breathless (adj.) 气喘吁吁的 10 affect v.影响 effect (n.) 影响；affected (adj.) 受影响的 11 shelter n./v.庇护 sheltered (adj.) 受保护的；sheltering (adj.) 遮蔽的 12 trap vt.使陷入 trapped (adj.) 被困的；trapping (adj.) 诱捕的 13 unify v.统一 united (adj.) 统一的；union (n.) 联合 14 wise/wisdom n.智慧 wisdom (n.) 智慧；wise (adj.) 明智的；wisely (adv.) 明智地 15 calm adj.镇静的 calmly (adv.) 镇静地；calmness (n.) 镇静 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 1 / 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. disaster → __________ 2. flood → __________ 3. landslide → __________ 4. tsunami → __________ 5. rescue → __________ 6. damage → __________ 7. destroy → __________ 8. shelter → __________ 9. revive → __________ 10. effort → __________ 11. survive → __________ 12. electricity → __________ 13. shock → __________ 14. breathe → __________ 15. hurricane → __________ 16. emergency → __________ 17. calm → __________ 18. aid → __________ 19. trap → __________ 20. bury → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 灾难 → __________ 2. 营救 → __________ 3. 摧毁 → __________ 4. 避难所 → __________ 5. 幸存 → __________ 6. 震惊 → __________ 7. 呼吸 → __________ 8. 紧急情况 → __________ 9. 援助 → __________ 10. 埋葬 → __________ 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The terrible storm left the whole quiet town in a __________ (disaster) situation, and thousands of people had nowhere to go at all. 2. The sudden and really terrible fire caused the total __________ (destroy) of the old library within only a few short minutes. 3. The __________ (survive) of the whole poor family depended on the clean water and food that kind people sent to them. 4. The local government ordered the immediate and full __________ (evacuate) of all the small villages near the rising and dangerous river. 5. After the very long and tiring run, the tired boy took a deep __________ (breathe) and slowly walked back home alone. 6. We were all deeply __________ (shock) by the sudden and very sad news of the terrible big earthquake yesterday morning. 7. After the terrible quake, many poor people were __________ (bury) under the fallen stones and waited for help all night long. 8. The brave and kind teacher spoke __________ (calm) to the frightened little children and led them to a safe place at once. 9. The two neighbouring cities became fully __________ (unify) and worked together day and night to fight the terrible and big flood. 10. The old and respected leader spoke with great __________ (wise) and kept every worried person calm and hopeful during the night. 题型3：短语填空（8题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： in ruins；sweep away；as if；suffer from；trapped in；calm down；come to one's aid；buried under 1. After the strong quake, the small village was left __________ and nobody could live there. 2. The heavy rain will __________ the thin bridge if we do not repair it very soon. 3. It looked __________ the whole sky was on fire during the terrible and long night. 4. Many old people __________ the cold and the lack of food after the long winter storm. 5. Two children were __________ the fallen building and cried for help loudly. 6. Please __________ and tell me exactly what happened during the accident just now. 7. When the man fell into the river, a brave boy __________ at once. 8. The little dog was __________ the snow for hours before the rescue team arrived. 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 这场可怕的大雨引发的洪水冲走了我们小镇上两座古老的石桥。 The terrible flood caused by the heavy rain __________ __________ two old stone bridges in our small and quiet town. 2. 勇敢的士兵乘直升机及时抵达，营救被困在倒塌建筑物里的可怜人们。 The brave soldiers arrived by __________ in time to __________ the poor people who were __________ in the fallen buildings. 3. 当地政府立即宣布进入紧急状态，并命令河边的所有村民撤离。 The local government declared a state of __________ at once and ordered all the villagers near the river to __________. 4. 医生们竭尽全力让无法呼吸的伤者苏醒过来，他们的努力挽救了许多生命。 The doctors made great __________ to __________ the injured people who could not __________, and their hard work saved many lives. 5. 这场可怕的洪水给道路造成非常严重的损害，并彻底摧毁了整个地区的两所小学校。 The terrible flood caused very serious __________ to the roads and completely __________ two small schools in the whole area. 6. 电力的突然中断让整条街陷入黑暗，许多人因巨大的惊吓而呆立原地。 The sudden loss of __________ left the whole street in darkness, and many people were left __________ __________ because of the great shock. 7. 这场可怕而突如其来的灾难深深影响了数千个家庭，但邻里互助给了他们继续前行的新力量。 The terrible and sudden disaster deeply __________ thousands of families, but neighbours helping neighbours gave them new __________ to carry on. 8. 大约百分之九十的旧屋在可怕的地震中倒塌，其余的也沦为废墟。 About ninety __________ of the old houses fell down in the terrible quake, and the rest were left __________ __________. 9. 那些从可怕灾难中幸存下来的人在团结中找到了新的力量，并帮助全镇重新团结起来。 Those who __________ the terrible disaster found new power in their unity and helped __________ the whole town together again. 10. 可怕的暴风雨终于结束后，许多人站在露天里，惊恐地看着倒塌的墙壁。 After the terrible storm finally ended, many people stood __________ __________ __________ and watched the fallen walls with great fear. 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The village was left in a state of complete ruin after the quake. → After the quake, the village was left __________ __________ __________. 2. It seemed that the whole town would never recover from the disaster. → It looked __________ the whole town would never recover from the disaster. 3. The heavy rain washed the small bridge away in a few minutes. → The heavy rain __________ __________ the small bridge in a few minutes. 4. The kind neighbours gave help to the homeless family at once. → The kind neighbours came to the homeless family's __________ at once. 5. Because of the doctor's hard work, the patient became alive again. → __________ the doctor's hard work, the patient was __________ and came back to life. 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The brave firemen __________ (rescue) ten people from the burning building before midnight yesterday. 2. The old bridge was badly __________ (damage) by the heavy flood and had to be repaired at once. 3. The little cat was __________ (trap) under the fallen wall for a whole day and night. 4. The terrible disaster deeply __________ (affect) the lives of thousands of local families. 5. Lightning __________ (strike) the old tower three times during the terrible storm last night. 6. The strong wind __________ (sweep) away the leaves and the dust in the quiet street. 7. The kind volunteers __________ (deliver) food and clean water to every family in need. 8. The huge __________ (wave) knocked down several small boats near the coast at dawn. 9. Two strong __________ (tornado) swept through the small town and destroyed many old houses last summer. 10. The old man finally __________ (revive) after the doctors worked on him for two long hours last night. 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） A sudden disaster struck the coastal city on a quiet Sunday morning. After days of heavy rain, a flood rose fast and a landslide began to slide toward the houses on the hill. The sea looked like a wild tsunami, and strong wind swept away the old bridge. Within minutes the town was left in ruins, with broken brick walls and bent metal poles lying everywhere. The full magnitude of the danger was clear, and people stood in shock watching their homes fall into ruin. The government declared a state of emergency at once and ordered everyone to evacuate the low areas. Soldiers came by helicopter to rescue people trapped in the fallen buildings. Doctors tried with great effort to revive those who could not breathe, and their work brought a quiet revival to many sad families. Volunteers brought aid and a safe shelter to the homeless, and nurses used a first aid kit and extra supplies from the medical kit, with clean water always on hand from a nearby tap. An engineer used long pipes to send the water, while a loud whistle called everyone to higher ground. The mayor spoke with wisdom and asked all to stay calm. The flood caused serious damage and destroyed two schools; some walls began to crack, and the loss of electricity left us in darkness. The news of several deaths shocked the nation and deeply affected everyone. Yet victims did not suffer alone — neighbours helped neighbours, and a kind hurricane of love moved through the streets. Those who survived found new power in unity, and the team delivered food and a clear summary to each family. The rescue had a great effect on our hope, and the town became unifyed again in the end. It felt as if the earth would never rest; a distant volcanic eruption lit the sky, and tall waves began to strike the coast. Nearly eighty percent of homes were lost, and a sudden typhoon followed, while a nearby volcano began to erupt. Even a small tornado or a long drought would be less terrible, but our hope was not lost. People stayed in the open air day and night, and the loud crash of a falling wall frightened the children. The flood could sweep away our houses but not our hope, and we learned to bury our sadness. In time the city will stand strong again, and we will remember the length and the true context of that dark period forever. 1. Why did soldiers come to the city by helicopter? A. To deliver letters to the mayor. B. To rescue people trapped in fallen buildings. C. To build new houses quickly. D. To give a speech on TV. 2. What does the underlined phrase "in ruins" most probably mean? A. Full of happy people. B. Badly damaged and no longer usable. C. Very clean and new. D. Far away from the sea. 3. What can we infer about the people in the town? A. They gave up and left the city. B. They helped one another and stayed hopeful. C. They waited silently for the army only. D. They cared only about their own safety. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to build a helicopter. B. A sudden disaster and how people fought it together. C. The history of a small city. D. Why earthquakes never happen. 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Natural Disasters） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：destroy / destruction / destructive (1) The terrible fire __________ (摧毁) the old library and nothing was left at all. (2) The __________ (毁灭) of the old bridge took only a few seconds in the fire. (3) Smoking has a __________ (破坏性的) effect on our health and our weak lungs. 第2组：shock / shocked / shocking (1) We were all __________ (感到震惊的) by the sudden news of the big quake. (2) The __________ (令人震惊的) accident made everyone in the small town very sad. (3) The bad news came as a great __________ (震惊) to the poor family. 第3组：survive / survival / survivor (1) Only one __________ (幸存者) was found after the long and dark night. (2) The __________ (幸存) of the old tradition depends on the young people. (3) Few plants can __________ (幸存) the cold winter in this high area. 第4组：die / death / dead / deadly (1) The __________ (死亡) of the brave fireman moved the whole city to tears. (2) The __________ (致命的) virus spread fast and frightened everyone around. (3) A __________ (枯死的) tree fell across the small road after the storm. C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The young athlete kept training hard every single day to build up his __________ (力量) for the coming and important marathon race next month. 2. Our school will __________ (主办) the city sports meeting in the big and brand new stadium next month for the first time. 3. She finally won a gold __________ (奖章) in the school swimming competition and felt really very proud of herself at last. 4. The strong and confident team of our happy school __________ (竞争) with three other schools for the final championship last weekend. 5. The patient and kind coach told us never to __________ (放弃) even when the important match seemed completely hopeless for us. 6. His strong and firm __________ (决心) helped him finish the long and very hard race at last with a big happy smile. 7. The graceful and very young dancer moved like a __________ (传奇人物) and won everyone's heart at the wonderful school evening show. 8. We should never __________ (假装) to be strong and confident when we are really tired and weak in our hearts. 9. The famous and very hard-working __________ (运动员) from our happy school broke the world record and made great history at last. 10. To stay healthy and __________ (苗条的), she keeps a very good diet and does light exercise every single day after school. 11. The young team trained hard every single day and finally __________ __________ (获得成功) in reaching the big final game at last. 12. Daily exercise can really help you build up your __________ (体能) and keep you happy and strong at school every day. 13. The loud and very excited __________ (观众) in the stadium cheered warmly and loudly for every single player on the field. 14. We should learn to face __________ (压力) in our daily life calmly and always keep a positive and brave mind at school. 15. The kind doctor said that his __________ (受伤的) left leg would take several weeks to heal completely and fully at home. 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Natural Disasters，共63词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2 tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 3 drought n. 旱灾；久旱 4 landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 5 slide vi.&vt. (使)滑行；滑动 6 tsunami n. 海啸 7 flood n. vi.淹没 洪水；大量 8 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 9 magnitude n. (地)震级；重大 10 rescue n.&vt. 营救；救援 11 damage vt. n. 损害；破坏；损坏;损失 12 destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 13 evacuate vt. vi. 疏散；撤出；撤离 14 helicopter n. 直升机 15 death n. 死；死亡 16 affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭 17 shelter n. vt. 避难处；居所；保护 18 crack n. vi.&vt. 裂纹；裂缝；使破裂 19 as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 20 ruin n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏 21 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 22 percent n. adv. 百分之…；每一百中 23 brick n. 砖；砖块 24 metal n. 金属 25 shock n. vt. 震惊；休克；(使)震惊 26 in shock 震惊；吃惊 27 electricity n. 电；电能 28 trap vt. n. 使落入险境；险境;陷阱 29 bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 30 breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 31 revive vi.&vt. 复活；(使)苏醒 32 revival n. 振兴；复苏 33 effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 34 unify vi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体 35 wisdom n. 智慧；才智 36 context n. 上下文；语境；背景 37 suffer vt. vi. 遭受；蒙受；受苦 38 volcano n. 火山 39 erupt vi.&vt. 火山爆发；岩浆喷出 40 supply n. vt. 供应；补给；供应;供给 41 typhoon n. 台风 42 in the open air 露天；在户外 43 hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 44 survive vi. vt. 生存；存活；幸存 45 power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 46 tap vi.&vt. n. 轻叩；轻敲；水龙头 47 pipe n. 管子；管道 48 whistle vi.&vt. n. 吹口哨；哨子(声) 49 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 50 calm vt. a.镇静的；沉着的；使平静 51 aid n. vi.&vt. 援助；帮助；帮助 52 kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 53 first aid kit 急救箱 54 on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 55 crash n. vt&vi.碰撞；撞击；撞车 56 sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫 57 sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 58 wave n. vi.&vt. 海浪；波浪；挥手 59 strike vi.&vt. n. 侵袭；突击；罢工 60 deliver vi.&vt. vt. 传递；传达；发表 61 summary n. 总结；概括；概要 62 effect n. 影响；结果；效果 63 length n. 长；长度 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $专题04 第四单元 语境串记单元记忆学案（人教版2019） （ 知识点来源： 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters ） 学校:_____________ 姓名：______________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 1 第二部分：词形转变表 2 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 3 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 11 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Natural Disasters，共63词） 14 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 16 第一部分：语境串记与词块积累 A. 语境串记单词（英文原文） The Night the Town Fell A terrible disaster changed our quiet town forever one rainy night. After weeks of heavy rain, a great flood rose and a landslide began to slide down the hill, destroying many small houses in its path. The river soon looked like a wild tsunami, and the wind swept away the old wooden bridge. In a few minutes the village was left in ruins, with broken brick walls and bent metal poles everywhere. People stood in shock, watching their homes fall into ruin, and no one could believe the full magnitude of what had happened. The local government at once declared a state of emergency and ordered everyone to evacuate the low areas. Brave soldiers arrived by helicopter to rescue people who were trapped in the fallen buildings. Doctors worked with great effort to revive those who could not breathe, and their hard work brought a quiet revival to many sad families. Volunteers gave quick aid and a safe shelter to the homeless, and nurses opened a first aid kit and used extra supplies from the medical kit to treat the wounded, with clean water always on hand from a nearby tap. A clever engineer used long pipes to send the water, while a loud whistle called everyone to higher ground. The wise mayor spoke with wisdom and asked people to stay calm. The flood caused serious damage and destroyed two schools; some walls began to crack, and the sudden loss of electricity left us in the dark. The news of several deaths shocked the whole country and deeply affected everyone. Yet the victims did not suffer alone — neighbours helped neighbours, and a kind hurricane of kindness swept through the town. Those who survived found new power in their unity, and the firemen delivered food and a clear summary of the danger to each family. The rescue had a great effect on our hope, and in the end the whole town became unifyed again. It seemed as if the earth would never stop; a far volcanic eruption lit the sky, and huge waves struck the coast as lightning began to strike the old tower. About ninety percent of the old houses were gone, and after the rain a sudden typhoon came, while a nearby volcano began to erupt with great force. Even a small tornado or a long drought would have been less terrible, but our spirit was never broken. People stayed in the open air day and night, and the loud crash of a falling wall frightened the children. The flood could sweep away our houses but not our hope, and we learned to bury our sadness and start again. With time, the town will stand strong once more, and we will always remember the length and the true context of that dark period in our lives. B. 语境串记单词（汉语译文） 一个可怕的灾难(disaster)在一个雨夜永远改变了我们安静的小镇。连日大雨后，大洪水(flood)上涨，一场滑坡(landslide)开始顺着山坡滑行(slide)，摧毁了沿途许多小屋。河水很快像疯狂的海啸，狂风扫除(sweep)了古老的木桥。几分钟内村庄便沦为废墟(in ruins)，到处是破碎的砖(brick)墙和弯曲的金属(metal)杆。人们震惊地(in shock)站着，眼看家园化为废墟(ruin)，谁也无法相信灾难的震级(magnitude)竟如此之大。 当地政府立刻宣布进入紧急状态(emergency)，并命令所有人撤离(evacuate)低洼地区。勇敢的士兵乘直升机(helicopter)赶来营救(rescue)那些被困住(trap)在倒塌建筑里的人。医生以巨大的努力(effort)使无法呼吸(breathe)的人苏醒(revive)，他们的辛劳给许多悲伤的家庭带来安静的复苏(revival)。志愿者迅速为无家可归者提供援助(aid)和安全的避难所(shelter)，护士们打开急救箱(first aid kit)，用医疗箱(kit)里的备用物资(supply)救治伤员，近旁水龙头(tap)的干净水也随手可得(on hand)。一位聪明的工程师用长长的管道(pipe)送水，响亮的哨声(whistle)把大家召集到高处。睿智的镇长以智慧(wisdom)讲话，请大家保持镇静(calm)。 洪水给道路造成严重的损害(damage)，并摧毁(destroy)了两所学校；一些墙开始破裂(crack)，电(electricity)的突然中断让我们陷入黑暗。几起死亡(death)的消息使全国震惊(shock)，深深影响(affect)了每一个人。然而灾民并非独自受苦(suffer)——邻里互助，一股善意的飓风(hurricane)席卷小镇。那些幸存(survive)下来的人在团结中找到新的力量(power)，消防队员向每户人家递送(deliver)食物和清晰的情况总结(summary)。救援对我们希望产生了巨大的影响(effect)，最终整座小镇重新团结(unify)起来。 仿佛(as if)大地永远不会停止；远处的火山喷发(volcanic eruption)照亮天空，巨大的海浪(wave)袭击海岸，闪电开始侵袭(strike)古塔。约百分之九十(percent)的旧屋已毁，雨后一场突如其来的台风(typhoon)又至，附近的火山(volcano)开始猛烈喷发(erupt)。即便小小的龙卷风(tornado)或漫长的旱灾(drought)也不会如此可怕，但我们的精神从未垮掉。人们日夜待在露天(in the open air)，倒塌墙壁发出的巨响撞击(crash)声让孩子们惊恐。洪水能冲走(sweep away)我们的房屋，却冲不走我们的希望，我们学会埋葬(bury)悲伤重新开始。假以时日，小镇将再次坚强挺立，我们也将永远铭记那段黑暗岁月的长度(length)与真实背景(context)。 第二部分：词形转变表 序号 原词 词形变化 1 disaster n.灾难 disastrous (adj.) 灾难性的 2 destroy vt.摧毁 destruction (n.) 毁灭；destructive (adj.) 破坏性的 3 damage vt.损害 damaged (adj.) 受损的；damaging (adj.) 有害的 4 die/death n.死 death (n.) 死亡；dead (adj.) 死的；deadly (adj.) 致命的 5 shock n./v.震惊 shocked (adj.) 震惊的；shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的 6 survive v.幸存 survival (n.) 幸存；survivor (n.) 幸存者 7 evacuate v.疏散 evacuation (n.) 疏散；evacuated (adj.) 被疏散的 8 bury vt.埋葬 burial (n.) 葬礼；buried (adj.) 被埋的 9 breathe v.呼吸 breath (n.) 呼吸；breathless (adj.) 气喘吁吁的 10 affect v.影响 effect (n.) 影响；affected (adj.) 受影响的 11 shelter n./v.庇护 sheltered (adj.) 受保护的；sheltering (adj.) 遮蔽的 12 trap vt.使陷入 trapped (adj.) 被困的；trapping (adj.) 诱捕的 13 unify v.统一 united (adj.) 统一的；union (n.) 联合 14 wise/wisdom n.智慧 wisdom (n.) 智慧；wise (adj.) 明智的；wisely (adv.) 明智地 15 calm adj.镇静的 calmly (adv.) 镇静地；calmness (n.) 镇静 第三部分：梯度复现与多题型练习 题型1：英汉互译（30题） 乐思英语 ·语境串记单词 第 10 / 16 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 子题A：英译中（20个） 1. disaster → __________ 2. flood → __________ 3. landslide → __________ 4. tsunami → __________ 5. rescue → __________ 6. damage → __________ 7. destroy → __________ 8. shelter → __________ 9. revive → __________ 10. effort → __________ 11. survive → __________ 12. electricity → __________ 13. shock → __________ 14. breathe → __________ 15. hurricane → __________ 16. emergency → __________ 17. calm → __________ 18. aid → __________ 19. trap → __________ 20. bury → __________ 子题B：中译英（10个） 1. 灾难 → __________ 2. 营救 → __________ 3. 摧毁 → __________ 4. 避难所 → __________ 5. 幸存 → __________ 6. 震惊 → __________ 7. 呼吸 → __________ 8. 紧急情况 → __________ 9. 援助 → __________ 10. 埋葬 → __________ 【答案与解析】 子题A（英译中）： 1. disaster — 灾难；灾害 2. flood — 洪水 3. landslide — 滑坡 4. tsunami — 海啸 5. rescue — 营救；救援 6. damage — 损害；破坏 7. destroy — 摧毁；毁灭 8. shelter — 避难所；庇护 9. revive — (使)苏醒；复活 10. effort — 努力 11. survive — 幸存 12. electricity — 电；电能 13. shock — 震惊 14. breathe — 呼吸 15. hurricane — 飓风 16. emergency — 紧急情况 17. calm — 镇静的 18. aid — 援助；帮助 19. trap — 使陷入险境 20. bury — 埋葬 子题B（中译英）： 1. disaster 2. rescue 3. destroy 4. shelter 5. survive 6. shock 7. breathe 8. emergency 9. aid 10. bury 题型2：词形变换（10题） 1. The terrible storm left the whole quiet town in a __________ (disaster) situation, and thousands of people had nowhere to go at all. 答案： disastrous 解析：句意： 那场可怕的暴风雨让整个安静的小镇陷入灾难性的境地，成千上万的人无处可去；disaster 的形容词 disastrous 表示"灾难性的"，修饰 situation。 2. The sudden and really terrible fire caused the total __________ (destroy) of the old library within only a few short minutes. 答案： destruction 解析：句意： 那场突如其来的可怕大火在短短几分钟内彻底摧毁了旧图书馆；destroy 的名词 destruction 表示"毁灭；破坏"，作宾语。 3. The __________ (survive) of the whole poor family depended on the clean water and food that kind people sent to them. 答案： survival 解析：句意： 整个贫困家庭的幸存取决于善良的人们送来的干净水和食物；survive 的名词 survival 表示"幸存；存续"，作主语。 4. The local government ordered the immediate and full __________ (evacuate) of all the small villages near the rising and dangerous river. 答案： evacuation 解析：句意： 当地政府下令立即全面疏散不断上涨的危险河流附近的所有小村庄；evacuate 的名词 evacuation 表示"疏散；撤离"，作宾语。 5. After the very long and tiring run, the tired boy took a deep __________ (breathe) and slowly walked back home alone. 答案： breath 解析：句意： 在漫长而疲惫的跑步之后，疲惫的男孩深吸一口气，独自慢慢走回家；breathe 的名词 breath 表示"呼吸"，take a deep breath 意为"深吸一口气"。 6. We were all deeply __________ (shock) by the sudden and very sad news of the terrible big earthquake yesterday morning. 答案： shocked 解析：句意： 昨天早上那场可怕大地震的突发噩耗让我们所有人都深感震惊；shock 的形容词 shocked 表示"感到震惊的"，修饰人 we。 7. After the terrible quake, many poor people were __________ (bury) under the fallen stones and waited for help all night long. 答案： buried 解析：句意： 可怕的地震过后，许多可怜的人被埋在倒下的石块下，整夜等待救援；bury 的过去分词 buried，be buried under 表示"被埋在……之下"。 8. The brave and kind teacher spoke __________ (calm) to the frightened little children and led them to a safe place at once. 答案： calmly 解析：句意： 勇敢而慈祥的老师平静地对受惊的孩子们讲话，并立刻带他们到安全的地方；calm 的副词 calmly 表示"镇静地"，修饰 spoke。 9. The two neighbouring cities became fully __________ (unify) and worked together day and night to fight the terrible and big flood. 答案： united 解析：句意： 两座相邻的城市完全联合起来，日夜并肩与可怕的大洪水搏斗；unify 的形容词 united 表示"统一的；联合的"，become united 意为"联合起来"。 10. The old and respected leader spoke with great __________ (wise) and kept every worried person calm and hopeful during the night. 答案： wisdom 解析：句意： 那位德高望重的老领导以极大的智慧讲话，让整夜忧心忡忡的每个人都保持镇定与希望；wise 的名词 wisdom 表示"智慧；才智"，with great wisdom 意为"以极大的智慧"。 题型3：短语填空（8题） 从方框中选择短语，用正确形式填空： in ruins；sweep away；as if；suffer from；trapped in；calm down；come to one's aid；buried under 1. After the strong quake, the small village was left __________ and nobody could live there. 答案： in ruins 解析：句意： 强震后小村庄沦为废墟，无人能住；in ruins 表示"严重受损；破败不堪"。 2. The heavy rain will __________ the thin bridge if we do not repair it very soon. 答案： sweep away 解析：句意： 若不及时修，大雨会冲走那座窄桥；sweep away 表示"扫除；冲走"。 3. It looked __________ the whole sky was on fire during the terrible and long night. 答案： as if 解析：句意： 那可怕的长夜里，仿佛整个天空都着了火；as if 表示"似乎；好像"。 4. Many old people __________ the cold and the lack of food after the long winter storm. 答案： suffered from 解析：句意： 漫长冬季风暴后，许多老人饱受寒冷与缺粮之苦；suffer from 表示"遭受……之苦"。 5. Two children were __________ the fallen building and cried for help loudly. 答案： trapped in 解析：句意： 两个孩子被困在倒塌的建筑里大声呼救；be trapped in 表示"被困在……"。 6. Please __________ and tell me exactly what happened during the accident just now. 答案： calm down 解析：句意： 请冷静下来，告诉我刚才事故的确切经过；calm down 表示"镇静下来"。 7. When the man fell into the river, a brave boy __________ at once. 答案： came to his aid 解析：句意： 那人落水时，一个勇敢的男孩立刻赶来相助；come to one's aid 表示"赶来援助"。 8. The little dog was __________ the snow for hours before the rescue team arrived. 答案： buried under 解析：句意： 小狗被埋在雪下数小时，直到救援队赶到；be buried under 表示"被埋在……之下"。 题型4：完成句子（10题） 1. 这场可怕的大雨引发的洪水冲走了我们小镇上两座古老的石桥。 The terrible flood caused by the heavy rain __________ __________ two old stone bridges in our small and quiet town. 答案： swept away 解析：句意： 这场可怕的大雨引发的洪水冲走了我们小镇上两座古老的石桥；sweep away 表示"冲走；扫除"，此处用过去式 swept away。 2. 勇敢的士兵乘直升机及时抵达，营救被困在倒塌建筑物里的可怜人们。 The brave soldiers arrived by __________ in time to __________ the poor people who were __________ in the fallen buildings. 答案： helicopter / rescue / trapped 解析：句意： 勇敢的士兵乘直升机及时抵达，营救被困在倒塌建筑物里的可怜人们；helicopter 表示"直升机"；rescue 表示"营救"；be trapped in 表示"被困在……"。 3. 当地政府立即宣布进入紧急状态，并命令河边的所有村民撤离。 The local government declared a state of __________ at once and ordered all the villagers near the river to __________. 答案： emergency / evacuate 解析：句意： 当地政府立即宣布进入紧急状态，并命令河边的所有村民撤离；emergency 表示"紧急情况"；evacuate 表示"疏散；撤离"。 4. 医生们竭尽全力让无法呼吸的伤者苏醒过来，他们的努力挽救了许多生命。 The doctors made great __________ to __________ the injured people who could not __________, and their hard work saved many lives. 答案： effort / revive / breathe 解析：句意： 医生们竭尽全力让无法呼吸的伤者苏醒过来，他们的努力挽救了许多生命；effort 表示"努力"；revive 表示"(使)苏醒"；breathe 表示"呼吸"。 5. 这场可怕的洪水给道路造成非常严重的损害，并彻底摧毁了整个地区的两所小学校。 The terrible flood caused very serious __________ to the roads and completely __________ two small schools in the whole area. 答案： damage / destroyed 解析：句意： 这场可怕的洪水给道路造成非常严重的损害，并彻底摧毁了整个地区的两所小学校；damage 表示"损害"；destroy 表示"摧毁"，此处用过去式 destroyed。 6. 电力的突然中断让整条街陷入黑暗，许多人因巨大的惊吓而呆立原地。 The sudden loss of __________ left the whole street in darkness, and many people were left __________ __________ because of the great shock. 答案： electricity / in shock 解析：句意： 电力的突然中断让整条街陷入黑暗，许多人因巨大的惊吓而呆立原地；electricity 表示"电力"；in shock 表示"震惊地；处于震惊状态"。 7. 这场可怕而突如其来的灾难深深影响了数千个家庭，但邻里互助给了他们继续前行的新力量。 The terrible and sudden disaster deeply __________ thousands of families, but neighbours helping neighbours gave them new __________ to carry on. 答案： affected / power 解析：句意： 这场可怕而突如其来的灾难深深影响了数千个家庭，但邻里互助给了他们继续前行的新力量；affect 表示"影响"，过去式 affected；power 表示"力量；电力"。 8. 大约百分之九十的旧屋在可怕的地震中倒塌，其余的也沦为废墟。 About ninety __________ of the old houses fell down in the terrible quake, and the rest were left __________ __________. 答案： percent / in ruins 解析：句意： 大约百分之九十的旧屋在可怕的地震中倒塌，其余的也沦为废墟；percent 表示"百分之……"；in ruins 表示"破败不堪"。 9. 那些从可怕灾难中幸存下来的人在团结中找到了新的力量，并帮助全镇重新团结起来。 Those who __________ the terrible disaster found new power in their unity and helped __________ the whole town together again. 答案： survived / unify 解析：句意： 那些从可怕灾难中幸存下来的人在团结中找到了新的力量，并帮助全镇重新团结起来；survive 表示"幸存；挺过"，过去式 survived；unify 表示"统一；使成一体"。 10. 可怕的暴风雨终于结束后，许多人站在露天里，惊恐地看着倒塌的墙壁。 After the terrible storm finally ended, many people stood __________ __________ __________ and watched the fallen walls with great fear. 答案： in the open air 解析：句意： 可怕的暴风雨终于结束后，许多人站在露天里，惊恐地看着倒塌的墙壁；in the open air 表示"在露天；在户外"。 题型5：句型同义转换：用本单元单词或短语作答 1. The village was left in a state of complete ruin after the quake. → After the quake, the village was left __________ __________ __________. 答案： in ruins 解析：句意： 地震后村庄沦为废墟；in ruins 替换 a state of complete ruin，表示"严重受损；破败不堪"。 2. It seemed that the whole town would never recover from the disaster. → It looked __________ the whole town would never recover from the disaster. 答案： as if 解析：句意： 仿佛整个小镇永远无法从灾难中恢复；as if 替换 that（用于 it looks/seems 后），表示"似乎；好像"。 3. The heavy rain washed the small bridge away in a few minutes. → The heavy rain __________ __________ the small bridge in a few minutes. 答案： swept away 解析：句意： 大雨几分钟便冲走了小桥；sweep away 替换 wash away，表示"扫除；冲走"。 4. The kind neighbours gave help to the homeless family at once. → The kind neighbours came to the homeless family's __________ at once. 答案： aid 解析：句意： 善良的邻居立刻赶来援助无家可归的一家人；aid 替换 help，表示"援助；救助"。 5. Because of the doctor's hard work, the patient became alive again. → __________ the doctor's hard work, the patient was __________ and came back to life. 答案： Thanks to / revived 解析：句意： 多亏医生的努力，病人苏醒过来，重获新生；revive 替换 become alive again（(使)苏醒）；thanks to 表"多亏"。 题型6：单句语法填空（10题） 1. The brave firemen __________ (rescue) ten people from the burning building before midnight yesterday. 答案： rescued 解析：句意： 昨天午夜前，勇敢的消防员从着火的大楼里救出了十个人；考查时态。由 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，rescue 的过去式为 rescued。 2. The old bridge was badly __________ (damage) by the heavy flood and had to be repaired at once. 答案： damaged 解析：句意： 那座古桥被洪水严重损坏，必须立刻修复；考查被动语态。be damaged 表示"被损坏"，damage 的过去分词为 damaged。 3. The little cat was __________ (trap) under the fallen wall for a whole day and night. 答案： trapped 解析：句意： 小猫被压在倒塌的墙下整整一天一夜；考查被动语态。be trapped 表示"被困住"，trap 的过去分词为 trapped。 4. The terrible disaster deeply __________ (affect) the lives of thousands of local families. 答案： affected 解析：句意： 那场可怕的灾难深深影响了数千个当地家庭的生活；考查时态。讲述过去发生的事，affect 的过去式为 affected。 5. Lightning __________ (strike) the old tower three times during the terrible storm last night. 答案： struck 解析：句意： 昨夜那场可怕暴风雨中，闪电三次击中了古塔；考查时态。strike 的过去式为 struck（不规则变化）。 6. The strong wind __________ (sweep) away the leaves and the dust in the quiet street. 答案： swept 解析：句意： 强风扫走了安静街道上的落叶和尘土；考查时态。sweep 的过去式为 swept（不规则变化）。 7. The kind volunteers __________ (deliver) food and clean water to every family in need. 答案： delivered 解析：句意： 友善的志愿者给每户需要的人家送去食物和干净的水；考查时态。讲述过去发生的事，deliver 的过去式为 delivered。 8. The huge __________ (wave) knocked down several small boats near the coast at dawn. 答案： waves 解析：句意： 拂晓时巨大的海浪打翻了海岸附近的几艘小船；考查名词复数。由 several 可知用复数，wave 的复数为 waves。 9. Two strong __________ (tornado) swept through the small town and destroyed many old houses last summer. 答案： tornadoes 解析：句意： 去年夏天两场强龙卷风席卷小镇，摧毁了许多老房子；考查名词复数。由 two 可知用复数，tornado 的复数为 tornadoes。 10. The old man finally __________ (revive) after the doctors worked on him for two long hours last night. 答案： revived 解析：句意： 昨夜医生们抢救了两个小时，那位老人终于苏醒过来；考查时态。讲述过去发生的事，revive 的过去式为 revived。 题型7：阅读理解（词汇复现） A sudden disaster struck the coastal city on a quiet Sunday morning. After days of heavy rain, a flood rose fast and a landslide began to slide toward the houses on the hill. The sea looked like a wild tsunami, and strong wind swept away the old bridge. Within minutes the town was left in ruins, with broken brick walls and bent metal poles lying everywhere. The full magnitude of the danger was clear, and people stood in shock watching their homes fall into ruin. The government declared a state of emergency at once and ordered everyone to evacuate the low areas. Soldiers came by helicopter to rescue people trapped in the fallen buildings. Doctors tried with great effort to revive those who could not breathe, and their work brought a quiet revival to many sad families. Volunteers brought aid and a safe shelter to the homeless, and nurses used a first aid kit and extra supplies from the medical kit, with clean water always on hand from a nearby tap. An engineer used long pipes to send the water, while a loud whistle called everyone to higher ground. The mayor spoke with wisdom and asked all to stay calm. The flood caused serious damage and destroyed two schools; some walls began to crack, and the loss of electricity left us in darkness. The news of several deaths shocked the nation and deeply affected everyone. Yet victims did not suffer alone — neighbours helped neighbours, and a kind hurricane of love moved through the streets. Those who survived found new power in unity, and the team delivered food and a clear summary to each family. The rescue had a great effect on our hope, and the town became unifyed again in the end. It felt as if the earth would never rest; a distant volcanic eruption lit the sky, and tall waves began to strike the coast. Nearly eighty percent of homes were lost, and a sudden typhoon followed, while a nearby volcano began to erupt. Even a small tornado or a long drought would be less terrible, but our hope was not lost. People stayed in the open air day and night, and the loud crash of a falling wall frightened the children. The flood could sweep away our houses but not our hope, and we learned to bury our sadness. In time the city will stand strong again, and we will remember the length and the true context of that dark period forever. 1. Why did soldiers come to the city by helicopter? A. To deliver letters to the mayor. B. To rescue people trapped in fallen buildings. C. To build new houses quickly. D. To give a speech on TV. 2. What does the underlined phrase "in ruins" most probably mean? A. Full of happy people. B. Badly damaged and no longer usable. C. Very clean and new. D. Far away from the sea. 3. What can we infer about the people in the town? A. They gave up and left the city. B. They helped one another and stayed hopeful. C. They waited silently for the army only. D. They cared only about their own safety. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to build a helicopter. B. A sudden disaster and how people fought it together. C. The history of a small city. D. Why earthquakes never happen. 【答案与解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。答案 B。原文第2段写道："Soldiers came by helicopter to rescue people trapped in the fallen buildings." 士兵乘直升机来营救被困在倒塌建筑中的人，与 B 项一致。 2. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。答案 B。原文第1段写村庄"left in ruins, with broken brick walls and bent metal poles"，结合"broken（破碎）"可推断 in ruins 意为"严重受损、破败不堪"，与 B 项一致。 3. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。答案 B。原文第3段写"neighbours helped neighbours"以及"our hope was not lost"，可推断人们互相帮助、保持希望，对应 B 项。 4. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。答案 B。全文第1段写灾难突袭，第2-3段写救援互助，第4段写希望与重建，整体讲述一场突发灾难及人们如何共同应对，对应 B 项。 第四部分：关联拓展与循环巩固 A. 词汇网络图（话题：Natural Disasters） 类别 词汇 同义词 / 近义 相关词 / 话题 行为动词 描述词 短语 / 搭配 答案： 同义词 / 近义 destroy – ruin；rescue – save；aid – help；survive – live through 相关词 / 话题 disaster, flood, earthquake, landslide, tsunami, hurricane, volcano, tornado, drought 行为动词 rescue, destroy, evacuate, sweep, strike, revive, survive, bury, deliver, trap 描述词 calm, shocked, deadly, wise, united, safe, homeless 短语 / 搭配 in ruins, sweep away, as if, come to one's aid, calm down, suffer from, be trapped in B. 易混词辨析（4组，每组3小题） 第1组：destroy / destruction / destructive (1) The terrible fire __________ (摧毁) the old library and nothing was left at all. (2) The __________ (毁灭) of the old bridge took only a few seconds in the fire. (3) Smoking has a __________ (破坏性的) effect on our health and our weak lungs. 【第1组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： destroyed 解析：句意： 那场可怕的大火摧毁了旧图书馆，什么都不剩；destroy 的过去式 destroyed 表示"摧毁"。 (2) 答案： destruction 解析：句意： 大火中旧桥的毁灭只用了几秒钟；destruction 为名词"毁灭；破坏"，作主语。 (3) 答案： destructive 解析：句意： 吸烟对我们的健康和脆弱的肺部有破坏性影响；destructive 为形容词"破坏性的"，修饰 effect。 第2组：shock / shocked / shocking (1) We were all __________ (感到震惊的) by the sudden news of the big quake. (2) The __________ (令人震惊的) accident made everyone in the small town very sad. (3) The bad news came as a great __________ (震惊) to the poor family. 【第2组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： shocked 解析：句意： 我们都为大地震的突发消息感到震惊；shocked 为形容词"感到震惊的"，修饰人 we。 (2) 答案： shocking 解析：句意： 那起令人震惊的事故让小镇上每个人都很伤心；shocking 为形容词"令人震惊的"，修饰 accident。 (3) 答案： shock 解析：句意： 那个坏消息对贫穷的家庭来说是巨大的打击；shock 为名词"震惊；打击"，作宾语。 第3组：survive / survival / survivor (1) Only one __________ (幸存者) was found after the long and dark night. (2) The __________ (幸存) of the old tradition depends on the young people. (3) Few plants can __________ (幸存) the cold winter in this high area. 【第3组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： survivor 解析：句意： 漫长黑夜后只找到一名幸存者；survivor 为名词"幸存者"，作主语。 (2) 答案： survival 解析：句意： 这一古老传统的存续取决于年轻人；survival 为名词"幸存；存续"，作主语。 (3) 答案： survive 解析：句意： 在这片高海拔地区，很少有植物能熬过寒冷的冬天；survive 为动词"幸存；挺过"，can 后用原形。 第4组：die / death / dead / deadly (1) The __________ (死亡) of the brave fireman moved the whole city to tears. (2) The __________ (致命的) virus spread fast and frightened everyone around. (3) A __________ (枯死的) tree fell across the small road after the storm. 【第4组 答案与解析】 (1) 答案： death 解析：句意： 那位勇敢消防员的牺牲让全城落泪；death 为名词"死亡"，作主语。 (2) 答案： deadly 解析：句意： 这种致命病毒传播迅速，吓坏了周围的每个人；deadly 为形容词"致命的"，修饰 virus。 (3) 答案： dead 解析：句意： 暴风雨后一棵枯死的树横倒在狭窄的路上；dead 为形容词"死的；枯死的"，修饰 tree。 C. 跨单元微循环（15题，复习 必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 词汇（教学进度的上一单元）） 1. The young athlete kept training hard every single day to build up his __________ (力量) for the coming and important marathon race next month. 答案： strength 解析：句意： 这位年轻运动员每天坚持刻苦训练，为下月即将到来的重要马拉松比赛增强力量；strength 表示"力量；体力"。 2. Our school will __________ (主办) the city sports meeting in the big and brand new stadium next month for the first time. 答案： host 解析：句意： 我们学校下个月将首次在崭新的大体育馆主办市运会；host 表示"主办；主持"。 3. She finally won a gold __________ (奖章) in the school swimming competition and felt really very proud of herself at last. 答案： medal 解析：句意： 她最终在学校游泳比赛中赢得金牌，终于为自己感到非常自豪；medal 表示"奖章；勋章"。 4. The strong and confident team of our happy school __________ (竞争) with three other schools for the final championship last weekend. 答案： competed 解析：句意： 上周末我们快乐学校里这支强大而自信的队伍与另外三所学校角逐决赛冠军；compete 表示"竞争；比赛"，过去式 competed。 5. The patient and kind coach told us never to __________ (放弃) even when the important match seemed completely hopeless for us. 答案： give up 解析：句意： 耐心而慈祥的教练告诉我们，即使重要比赛对我们来说似乎完全无望也绝不放弃；give up 表示"放弃"。 6. His strong and firm __________ (决心) helped him finish the long and very hard race at last with a big happy smile. 答案： determination 解析：句意： 坚定而顽强的决心帮助他最终带着开心的笑容完成了漫长而艰苦的比赛；determination 表示"决心"。 7. The graceful and very young dancer moved like a __________ (传奇人物) and won everyone's heart at the wonderful school evening show. 答案： legend 解析：句意： 那位优雅而年轻的舞者如传奇人物般舞动，在精彩的学校晚会上赢得了每个人的心；legend 表示"传奇人物；传说"。 8. We should never __________ (假装) to be strong and confident when we are really tired and weak in our hearts. 答案： pretend 解析：句意： 当我们内心真的很累很虚弱时，绝不应假装坚强自信；pretend 表示"假装"。 9. The famous and very hard-working __________ (运动员) from our happy school broke the world record and made great history at last. 答案： athlete 解析：句意： 我们快乐学校里这位著名而非常勤奋的运动员打破了世界纪录，最终创造了伟大的历史；athlete 表示"运动员"。 10. To stay healthy and __________ (苗条的), she keeps a very good diet and does light exercise every single day after school. 答案： slim 解析：句意： 为了保持健康和苗条，她坚持良好的饮食，并每天放学后进行轻度锻炼；slim 表示"苗条的"。 11. The young team trained hard every single day and finally __________ __________ (获得成功) in reaching the big final game at last. 答案： made it 解析：句意： 这支年轻的队伍每天刻苦训练，最终成功闯入了盛大的决赛；make it 表示"获得成功；准时到达"。 12. Daily exercise can really help you build up your __________ (体能) and keep you happy and strong at school every day. 答案： fitness 解析：句意： 每日锻炼确实能帮助你增强体能，让你在学校每天都快乐而强壮；fitness 表示"健康；健壮"。 13. The loud and very excited __________ (观众) in the stadium cheered warmly and loudly for every single player on the field. 答案： audience 解析：句意： 体育馆里喧闹而非常激动的观众为场上的每一位选手热烈而大声地欢呼；audience 表示"观众；听众"。 14. We should learn to face __________ (压力) in our daily life calmly and always keep a positive and brave mind at school. 答案： stress 解析：句意： 我们应该学会平静面对日常生活中的压力，在学校始终保持积极勇敢的心态；stress 表示"压力；紧张"。 15. The kind doctor said that his __________ (受伤的) left leg would take several weeks to heal completely and fully at home. 答案： injured 解析：句意： 好心的医生说，他受伤的左腿需要数周时间才能在家完全痊愈；injured 表示"受伤的"。 第五部分：单元完整词汇表（Unit 4 Natural Disasters，共63词） 序号 单词 词性 中文释义 默写 1 disaster n. 灾难；灾害 2 tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风 3 drought n. 旱灾；久旱 4 landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 5 slide vi.&vt. (使)滑行；滑动 6 tsunami n. 海啸 7 flood n. vi.淹没 洪水；大量 8 volcanic eruption 火山喷发 9 magnitude n. (地)震级；重大 10 rescue n.&vt. 营救；救援 11 damage vt. n. 损害；破坏；损坏;损失 12 destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 13 evacuate vt. vi. 疏散；撤出；撤离 14 helicopter n. 直升机 15 death n. 死；死亡 16 affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭 17 shelter n. vt. 避难处；居所；保护 18 crack n. vi.&vt. 裂纹；裂缝；使破裂 19 as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 20 ruin n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏 21 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 22 percent n. adv. 百分之…；每一百中 23 brick n. 砖；砖块 24 metal n. 金属 25 shock n. vt. 震惊；休克；(使)震惊 26 in shock 震惊；吃惊 27 electricity n. 电；电能 28 trap vt. n. 使落入险境；险境;陷阱 29 bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 30 breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 31 revive vi.&vt. 复活；(使)苏醒 32 revival n. 振兴；复苏 33 effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 34 unify vi.&vt. 统一；(使)成一体 35 wisdom n. 智慧；才智 36 context n. 上下文；语境；背景 37 suffer vt. vi. 遭受；蒙受；受苦 38 volcano n. 火山 39 erupt vi.&vt. 火山爆发；岩浆喷出 40 supply n. vt. 供应；补给；供应;供给 41 typhoon n. 台风 42 in the open air 露天；在户外 43 hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风 44 survive vi. vt. 生存；存活；幸存 45 power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 46 tap vi.&vt. n. 轻叩；轻敲；水龙头 47 pipe n. 管子；管道 48 whistle vi.&vt. n. 吹口哨；哨子(声) 49 emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 50 calm vt. a.镇静的；沉着的；使平静 51 aid n. vi.&vt. 援助；帮助；帮助 52 kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 53 first aid kit 急救箱 54 on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 55 crash n. vt&vi.碰撞；撞击；撞车 56 sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫 57 sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 58 wave n. vi.&vt. 海浪；波浪；挥手 59 strike vi.&vt. n. 侵袭；突击；罢工 60 deliver vi.&vt. vt. 传递；传达；发表 61 summary n. 总结；概括；概要 62 effect n. 影响；结果；效果 63 length n. 长；长度 第六部分：单元"顽固词库" 请把你反复记不住的单词及错因填写在下表中，便于循环巩固： 序号 单词 词性 错因 / 备注 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $