Unit3语法(否定前缀)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦否定前缀non-、dis-、un-、mis-、in-、im-的详细讲解与练习，通过总述前缀改变词义的特点，分述各前缀含义（如un-表“不”多用于形副，dis-表相反多用于动作等），结合课本例词和例句，构建从总到分的学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后词汇学习。 资料特色在于以“区分小口诀”简化记忆，配套构词填空、单选、词形变换及汉译英等多样化练习，且附详细答案。练习贴近单元主题“Sound Body, Sound Mind”，能提升语言能力（词汇理解与表达），培养思维品质（分析前缀差异），强化学习能力（运用口诀策略），适合初中英语课堂教学与巩固。

Unit3 Sound Body,Sound Mind语法讲解与练习 否定前缀 non-, dis-, un-, mis-, in-, im-详细讲义 一、总述 前缀（prefix）加在单词前面,改变词义;本组前缀大多表示否定、相反、错误含义。 im- 是 in- 的变体：词根以 b/m/p 开头时，in- → im- 二、各个前缀含义+课本常见例词 1. un- 含义：不……（多用于形容词、副词） unhappy 不开心；unfair 不公平；unhealthy 不健康的 unusual 不寻常；unable 不能的 例句：Eating junk food makes you unhealthy. 2. dis- 含义：相反、不、分开（多用于动词、名词） dislike 不喜欢；disagree 不同意；disappear 消失 discover 发现；dishonest 不诚实 例句：I disagree with your idea about exercise. 3. mis- 含义：错误地…… mistake 错误；misunderstand 误解；misuse 误用 mislead 误导 例句：Don’t misunderstand what I said. 4. non- 含义：非、无、不（客观性质否定） non-stop 直达的；non-smoking 禁止吸烟；non-human 非人类 例句：This is a non-stop train. 5. in- 含义：不……（多用于形容词） inactive 不活跃的；incorrect 不正确；invisible 看不见的 6. im-（in -变体，词根 b/m/p 开头） impossible 不可能；impolite 不礼貌；impatient 没有耐心 例句：It is impossible to keep healthy without exercise. 三、区分小口诀 un- 大多形副表 “不”； dis- 动作相反记清楚； mis- 全部表示 “错误”； non- 客观 “非、无”； in-/im- 形容词否定，b,m,p前面用im 【配套练习】 一、构词填空（选用前缀 un-/dis-/mis-/non-/in-/im-） 根据中文提示，添加正确前缀构成单词 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.happy → ________ (不开心的) 2.healthy → ________ (不健康的) 3.agree → ________ (不同意) 4.possible → ________ (不可能的) 5.understand → ________ (误解) 6.polite → ________ (不礼貌的) 7.usual → ________ (不寻常的) 8.active → ________ (不活跃的) 9.like → ________ (不喜欢) 10.stop → ________ (直达不间断的) 11.correct → ________ (不正确的) 12.patient → ________ (没有耐心的) 13.lead → ________ (误导) 14.able → ________ (没有能力的) 15.honest → ________ (不诚实的) 16.fair → ________ (不公平的) 17.appear → ________ (消失) 18.use → ________ (误用，滥用) 19.popular → ________ (不受欢迎的) 20.proper → ________ (不合适的) 21.safe → ________ (不安全的) 22.comfort → ________ (不舒服的) 23.trust → ________ (不信任) 24.smoke → ________ (禁止吸烟的) 25.lucky → ________ (不幸的) 二、单项选择（拔高易错） 1.It is ______ to cut in line and shout at strangers. A. unpolite B. impolite C. dispolite D. mispolite 2.Don’t ______ my meaning. I never want to stop your exercise plan. A. misunderstand B. disunderstand C. ununderstand D. inunderstand 3.Too much fried food will make your body ______. A. unhealthy B. dishealthy C. mishealthy D. nonhealthy 4.Nothing is ______ as long as you stick to your sports plan. A. unpossible B. impossible C. dispossible D. inpossible 5.I ______ with your opinion. Morning exercise is useful for students. A. unagree B. misagree C. disagree D. inagree 6.This is a ______ flight. We will arrive directly without transferring. A. non-stop B. un-stop C. dis-stop D. mis-stop 7.He is so ______ that he gives up long-distance running quickly. A. impatient B. unpatient C. dispatient D. inpatient 8.Soon the little bird ______ behind the trees and we couldn’t find it. A. unappeared B. disappeared C. misappeared D. inappeared 9.It’s ______ to let only one student take all the prizes. A. unfair B. misfair C. disfair D. infair 10.If you ______ the sports equipment, you may break it easily. A. misuse B. unuse C. disuse D. inuse 11.Tom is an ______ boy. He seldom takes part in outdoor activities. A. inactive B. unactive C. disactive D. imactive 12.______ members cannot join this sports club. A. Non B. Un C. Dis D. Mis 13.Most teenagers ______ getting up early on weekends. A. mislike B. dislike C. unlike D. inlike 14.Your answer to the question is ______. Please check your calculation again. A. incorrect B. uncorrect C. discorrect D. imcorrect 15.Swimming alone in the river is ______. You’d better ask your friend to go with you. A. unsafe B. dissafe C. missafe D. insafe 三、词形变换 用括号内单词加上合适前缀变形 1.It is ________ (polite) to talk loudly in the reading room. 2.He ________ (understand) my advice and refused to take exercise. 3.Eating lots of snacks is ________ (health). 4.It is ________ (possible) to build up your body in one day. 5.I ________ (agree) that we should give up daily running. 6.This is a ________ (stop) bus to the sports center. 7.People who are ________ (patient) usually give up easily. 8.The sun ________ (appear) when heavy clouds came. 9.It is ________ (fair) to punish him without listening to his story. 10.His ________ (use) of the basketball made it broken quickly. 四、汉译英 1.期熬夜是不健康的。_____________________________________ 2.请不要误解我的建议。_____________________________________ 3.不坚持锻炼，想要拥有强健体魄是不可能的。____________________________ 4.我不同意放弃每周的球类运动。_____________________________________ 5.在体育馆内大声喧哗是不礼貌的。_____________________________________ 6.这辆直达大巴可以直接到达健身公园。_____________________________________ 7.没有耐心的人很难长期坚持运动。_____________________________________ 8.那只小猫很快消失在操场的树丛里。_____________________________________ 9.你的答案不正确，请重新思考。_____________________________________ 10.很多学生不喜欢早起晨练。_____________________________________ Keys 一、构词填空 1.unhappy 2. unhealthy 3. disagree 4. impossible 5. misunderstand 6.impolite 7. unusual 8. inactive 9. dislike 10. non-stop 11.incorrect 12. impatient 13. mislead 14. unable 15. dishonest 16.unfair 17. disappear 18. misuse 19. unpopular 20. improper 21.unsafe 22. uncomfortable 23. distrust 24. non-smoking 25. unlucky 二、单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.B 14.A 15.A 三、词形变换 1.impolite 2.misunderstood 3.unhealthy 4.impossible 5.disagree 6.non-stop 7.impatient 8.disappeared 9.unfair 10.misuse 四、汉译英参考 1.Staying up late for a long time is unhealthy. 2.Please don’t misunderstand my advice. 3.It is impossible to have a strong body without keeping exercising. 4.I disagree with giving up weekly ball games. 5.It’s impolite to speak loudly in the gym. 6.This non-stop bus can reach the fitness park directly. 7.It’s hard for impatient people to keep exercising for a long time. 8.The little cat disappeared in the trees on the playground soon. 9.Your answer is incorrect. Please think again. 10.Lots of students dislike getting up early for morning exercise. $