阅读理解综合训练05 阅读理解（5篇）+阅读7选5（综合训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 该综合训练通过多文体语篇整合信息获取、逻辑推理与篇章结构能力，系统提升语言理解与思维分析水平，强化核心素养协同发展。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5篇（应用文/记叙文/说明文）|应用文含计算题，记叙文重情感细节，说明文涉动物文化、思辨能力|从事实信息定位到深层逻辑推理，构建“理解-分析-评价”认知链，对应语言能力与思维品质培养| |阅读7选5|1篇（说明文）|聚焦心理韧性方法，考查上下文衔接|以方法步骤为线索，强化篇章结构意识，体现“问题解决”思维逻辑，提升学习能力|

阅读综合05 阅读理解+阅读7选5 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：50分） 阅读理解（5篇）+阅读7选5（1篇） 考查重点：阅读应用文（旅游广告应用文（计算题）；232词）、记叙文（人物故事；379词）、说明文（动物也存在文化行为与知识传承；363词）、说明文（思辨能力；“先天与后天”对立的传统观点；349词），阅读7选5说明文（培养心理韧性的四个具体方法；327词）； 一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分） A EXCLUSIVE ROYAL CRUISE SALE THE 2026 TREASURES OF THE BRITISH ISLES LAST 5 DAYS TO BOOK Your full-board adults-only cruising on board Ambience includes: *Luxurious full-board cruise, including breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea & dinner and late night snacks *A wide range of entertainment, including evening shows, plays, cabarets & live music *Use of gym, swimming pool and hot tubs as well as spa access *Porterage of luggage between the port and cabin *Freedom from foreign exchange rate variations — the currency on board is the British pound *Fare protected against the April 2026 price increase — what you book is what you pay *All port taxes and tips included — no hidden extras on board 10 Nights                  Fares by cabin category: Departing 19th May 2026             *Inside from £1,299 per person *Ocean View from £1,659 per person          *Balcony SOLD OUT *Suites SOLD OUT Please note: ★Fares are available from 12/02/2026. ★Prices are based on two adults sharing and are subject to availability. ★Service fees of £7.50 per person per night are automatically added to the on-board account. Dates not mentioned will be spent relaxing at sea. Call one of our cruise specialists free on 0808 258 0228. We are open 7 days a week from 8:30AM to 8PM. 1．What is included in the cruising package? A．Currency exchange service. B．Evening shows and live music. C．A free transfer to the airport. D．Afternoon tea and free laundry. 2．When is your friend expected to meet you in Kirkwall? A．22nd May. B．25th May. C．27th May. D．29th May. 3．What is the total cost for two adults in an inside cabin？ A．£2,598. B．£2,613. C．£2.673. D．£2,748. B Night after night, a familiar pair makes their rounds at an apartment community: a woman collecting trash, and her loyal dog, Princess. Rain or shine, the woman performs this essential, though difficult, job, always accompanied by her faithful companion. One resident, Olivia Perkins, was especially touched by their routine and the bond between the woman and her dog. She began filming short clips of the two working together, and eventually decided to surprise her with a thoughtful gift: a matching safety vest (马甲) for Princess so they could work together safely — and in style. In a heartfelt moment captured on video, the woman gently puts the vest on her dog, smiling as she thanks Perkins, clearly moved by the gesture. Perkins shared the video online, hoping to spread some warmth. The response, however, grew far beyond her expectations. Viewers were not only charmed by the bond between the woman and her dog but also impressed by her dedication and positive attitude. The video went viral. The woman's daughter-in-law recognized her online and shared more of her story. People soon learned the woman was navigating particularly tough times. Going through a personal transition, she had recently sold her vehicle to afford one reliable enough for work. She and Princess were living in a small, worn-down apartment, working hard to make ends meet. Yet, as Perkins noted, she faced each day with a smile and a kind word for everyone. Moved by her resilience (坚韧) and the overwhelming online response, Perkins started a fundraiser to help ease some of her financial strain. The fundraiser quickly surpassed its goal, offering crucial support. “Please be kind. Everyone is dealing with something they do not speak about and will still show up to work every day,” said Perkins. “The people that work behind the scenes are the ones that need all the praise. Small jobs are the most important stories that always go unnoticed and get the least amount of thank you.” The story, which began with a simple vest, became a powerful reminder. It showed how a single act of kindness, recognizing the dignity in another's work and struggle, can ripple outward. Sometimes, seeing and appreciating one person's quiet strength can inspire a community to help them carry their load. 4．What does the underlined part “the gesture” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The dog-human bond. B．Perkins’s gift-giving act. C．Putting the vest on the dog. D．Filming the woman working. 5．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．What makes the video go viral. B．How the woman found empathy. C．What the follow-up video reveals. D．How the woman struggled with life. 6．What can we learn from Perkins’s words? A．Financial support is crucial to everyone. B．Service workers deserve respect too. C．People behind the scenes pay. D．Small jobs are of little value. 7．What message does the story convey? A．Loyal pets will serve as great companions. B．Positive attitude will lead to eventual success. C．Social media can bring about effective solutions. D．Kindness often starts with the simplest gestures. C More than 50 years ago, Jane Goodall stunned the scientific community by reporting that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania were using tools to extract insects out of their nests. This observation was groundbreaking, as scientists believed tool-making was a uniquely human characteristic. Louis Leakey, Goodall’s advisor, famously responded: “Now we must redefine ‘tool’, redefine ‘man’, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Today, overwhelming evidence shows that many species learn from one another, developing cultural behaviors that can be passed down across generations. A recent special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B presents studies ranging from whales to wallabies, demonstrating that socially learned behavior is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. For many species, such learned behavior is not simply interesting but essential. It allows animals to share survival skills, such as where to find food or how to avoid danger. These findings are already influencing conservation practices, from reintroductions to managing conflicts between humans and wildlife over habitat use. This focus on learning has also led to the growing idea of “longevity (长寿) conservation.” Studies suggest that some long-lived animals, including whales and giant tortoises, act as keepers of ecological knowledge. Their long lives allow them to remember migration routes, feeding areas, and responses to environmental change. At the same time, scientists are studying how these animals maintain their health over decades or even centuries, discovering biological strategies that help resist diseases and repair cells. These discoveries raise difficult questions about how humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditions such as songs or hunting methods, should the loss of these behaviors be treated as seriously as the loss of historical buildings? Understanding animal culture also casts doubt on proposals such as “de-extinction,” which aims to bring extinct species back to life. As a conservation strategy, this is fundamentally unworkable. Without older individuals to pass on knowledge, recreated animals would lack the skills needed to survive. The more we learn about other species’ cultures, the harder it is to deny that we are surrounded by a planet full of “others”. Truly absorbing this knowledge might just encourage the major shift we need as protectors of this rich bio-cultural diversity. 8．Why was Goodall’s discovery considered shocking at the time? A．She challenged her advisor. B．Louis commented on it publicly. C．Chimpanzees were rarely studied. D．Only humans were believed to use tools. 9．What can be inferred about animals’ learned behavior? A．It is affected by genes. B．It expands their habitats. C．It is critical for their survival. D．It settles human-wildlife conflicts. 10．What role do older animals play according to longevity conservation? A．Protectors of habitats. B．Defenders against diseases. C．Designers of migration routes. D．Carriers of ecological wisdom. 11．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To honor Jane Goodall’s work. B．To urge a rethink of animals’ cultures. C．To compare animal cultural behaviors. D．To propose new species revival technologies. D Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world? Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways. Genes do not shape our identities merely on their own within our bodies; instead, they function partly by molding the environments we choose or create. A striking finding of this research is that our environment is, in part, shaped by the genes of the people around us. Initial research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science. 12．Why did the author mention the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the dominant role of family experiences. B．To introduce a long-standing core topic in human sciences. C．To highlight the weakness of early hereditarians’ arguments. D．To lay a contrastive foundation for a new scientific perspective. 13．What can be inferred from the example of students? A．Smoking behavior spreads mainly through direct persuasion. B．Genetic tendencies can indirectly change group behavior. C．School rules fail to control students’ genetic instincts. D．Only smokers’ friends adopt the same genetic risks. 14．What happens when environments become more diverse according to paragraph 3? A．People rely less on their genetic traits. B．Genetic differences play a smaller role. C．Genetic differences become more influential. D．Nurture becomes more important than nature. 15．What does the author mean by comparing nature and nurture to a “Möbius strip”? A．They depend entirely on physical conditions. B．They have a one-way influence on each other. C．They form a complex, continuous cycle of impact. D．They are two separate parts of human development. 二、阅读填空（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分） Life is full of setbacks, and learning to navigate them is a central task of growing up. Yet many young people today find themselves unprepared when things go wrong. “Psychological resilience” refers to the ability to recover from difficulties and adapt well to adversity. 1 Instead of seeing it as a fixed trait that some people have and others lack, experts now view resilience as a set of skills that anyone can learn. Allow yourself to feel what you feel. When faced with a failure, the natural instinct is often to push away unpleasant emotions — to tell ourselves “I shouldn’t be this upset” or “I need to just get over it.” 2 Research shows that acknowledging and naming our emotions reduces their intensity. Instead of saying “I’m a failure,” say “I feel disappointed and frustrated right now.” This simple shift creates space between identity and emotion. Reframe the narrative. The stories we tell ourselves about our setbacks matter enormously. A student who fails an exam can label the experience as “proof that I’m not smart enough,” or reframe it as “a signal that I need to adjust my study methods.” 3 The first narrative leads to helplessness; the second opens the door to growth. Build a support network. Resilience is not a solo achievement. When young people feel they have to face their struggles alone, small setbacks can spiral into major crises. 4 Reaching out — whether to friends, family, or a trusted teacher — can transform a burden into a shared challenge. Connection reminds us that we are not broken; we are simply human. Practice self-compassion. 5 Treating oneself with the same kindness one would offer a close friend is not self-indulgence — it is wisdom. Research by Dr. Kristin Neff has shown that self-compassion, far from making people lazy, actually increases motivation and the willingness to try again. The path to resilience is not about becoming invulnerable, but about learning to bend without breaking. A．The key word here is “learn.” B．This, however, is often misleading. C．That is why high achievers never experience any self-doubt. D．The difference between these two interpretations is enormous. E．Curiously enough, the hardest person to forgive is often ourselves. F．Therefore, building resilience means avoiding negative emotions at all costs. G．Having someone who simply listens without judgment can be deeply healing. 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 阅读综合05 阅读理解+阅读7选5 （考试时间：45分钟 试卷满分：50分） 阅读理解（5篇）+阅读7选5（1篇） 考查重点：阅读应用文（旅游广告应用文（计算题）；232词）、记叙文（人物故事；379词）、说明文（动物也存在文化行为与知识传承；363词）、说明文（思辨能力；“先天与后天”对立的传统观点；349词），阅读7选5说明文（培养心理韧性的四个具体方法；327词）； 一、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分） A EXCLUSIVE ROYAL CRUISE SALE THE 2026 TREASURES OF THE BRITISH ISLES LAST 5 DAYS TO BOOK Your full-board adults-only cruising on board Ambience includes: *Luxurious full-board cruise, including breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea & dinner and late night snacks *A wide range of entertainment, including evening shows, plays, cabarets & live music *Use of gym, swimming pool and hot tubs as well as spa access *Porterage of luggage between the port and cabin *Freedom from foreign exchange rate variations — the currency on board is the British pound *Fare protected against the April 2026 price increase — what you book is what you pay *All port taxes and tips included — no hidden extras on board 10 Nights                  Fares by cabin category: Departing 19th May 2026             *Inside from £1,299 per person *Ocean View from £1,659 per person          *Balcony SOLD OUT *Suites SOLD OUT Please note: ★Fares are available from 12/02/2026. ★Prices are based on two adults sharing and are subject to availability. ★Service fees of £7.50 per person per night are automatically added to the on-board account. Dates not mentioned will be spent relaxing at sea. Call one of our cruise specialists free on 0808 258 0228. We are open 7 days a week from 8:30AM to 8PM. 1．What is included in the cruising package? A．Currency exchange service. B．Evening shows and live music. C．A free transfer to the airport. D．Afternoon tea and free laundry. 2．When is your friend expected to meet you in Kirkwall? A．22nd May. B．25th May. C．27th May. D．29th May. 3．What is the total cost for two adults in an inside cabin？ A．£2,598. B．£2,613. C．£2.673. D．£2,748. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【解析】主要介绍2026年不列颠群岛邮轮特惠活动，罗列船上配套服务、舱位票价、行程日期以及预订相关注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据Your full-board adults-only cruising on board Ambience includes:部分中的“A wide range of entertainment, including evening shows, plays, cabarets & live music.(丰富多样的娱乐项目，包含晚间演出、戏剧、歌舞表演以及现场音乐。)”可知，套餐内含晚间演出和现场音乐。 2．细节理解题。根据航线图中标注“Kirkwall Wed 27(柯克沃尔，5月27日周三)”可知，在柯克沃尔碰面的日期为5月27日。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“10 Nights”和“Inside from £1,299 per person(内舱房型每人定价1299英镑)”以及Please note:部分中的“Service fees of £7.50 per person per night are automatically added to the on-board account(每人每晚7.5英镑的服务费会自动计入船上账户)”可知，航程一共10晚，单人花费：1299+7.5×10=1374英镑，两人合计1374×2=2748英镑。 B Night after night, a familiar pair makes their rounds at an apartment community: a woman collecting trash, and her loyal dog, Princess. Rain or shine, the woman performs this essential, though difficult, job, always accompanied by her faithful companion. One resident, Olivia Perkins, was especially touched by their routine and the bond between the woman and her dog. She began filming short clips of the two working together, and eventually decided to surprise her with a thoughtful gift: a matching safety vest (马甲) for Princess so they could work together safely — and in style. In a heartfelt moment captured on video, the woman gently puts the vest on her dog, smiling as she thanks Perkins, clearly moved by the gesture. Perkins shared the video online, hoping to spread some warmth. The response, however, grew far beyond her expectations. Viewers were not only charmed by the bond between the woman and her dog but also impressed by her dedication and positive attitude. The video went viral. The woman's daughter-in-law recognized her online and shared more of her story. People soon learned the woman was navigating particularly tough times. Going through a personal transition, she had recently sold her vehicle to afford one reliable enough for work. She and Princess were living in a small, worn-down apartment, working hard to make ends meet. Yet, as Perkins noted, she faced each day with a smile and a kind word for everyone. Moved by her resilience (坚韧) and the overwhelming online response, Perkins started a fundraiser to help ease some of her financial strain. The fundraiser quickly surpassed its goal, offering crucial support. “Please be kind. Everyone is dealing with something they do not speak about and will still show up to work every day,” said Perkins. “The people that work behind the scenes are the ones that need all the praise. Small jobs are the most important stories that always go unnoticed and get the least amount of thank you.” The story, which began with a simple vest, became a powerful reminder. It showed how a single act of kindness, recognizing the dignity in another's work and struggle, can ripple outward. Sometimes, seeing and appreciating one person's quiet strength can inspire a community to help them carry their load. 4．What does the underlined part “the gesture” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The dog-human bond. B．Perkins’s gift-giving act. C．Putting the vest on the dog. D．Filming the woman working. 5．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4? A．What makes the video go viral. B．How the woman found empathy. C．What the follow-up video reveals. D．How the woman struggled with life. 6．What can we learn from Perkins’s words? A．Financial support is crucial to everyone. B．Service workers deserve respect too. C．People behind the scenes pay. D．Small jobs are of little value. 7．What message does the story convey? A．Loyal pets will serve as great companions. B．Positive attitude will lead to eventual success. C．Social media can bring about effective solutions. D．Kindness often starts with the simplest gestures. 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．B 7．D 【解析】文章主要讲述了一位收垃圾的女士和她的狗之间的深厚情谊，以及社区居民奥利维亚·珀金斯如何通过一个小小的善举引发了广泛的关注和帮助，最终为这位女士筹集到了资金，缓解了她的经济压力。 4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“She began filming short clips of the two working together, and eventually decided to surprise her with a thoughtful gift: a matching safety vest (马甲) for Princess so they could work together safely — and in style. In a heartfelt moment captured on video, the woman gently puts the vest on her dog, smiling as she thanks Perkins, clearly moved by the gesture.(她开始拍摄两人一起工作的短视频，最终决定送给她一份贴心的礼物：给公主一件配套的安全背心，这样她们就可以安全而时尚地一起工作了。在视频中捕捉到的一个感人时刻，这位女士温柔地给她的狗穿上背心，微笑着感谢珀金斯，显然被the gesture感动了)”可知，“the gesture(这个举动)”指的是珀金斯送礼物的行为。 5．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“People soon learned the woman was navigating particularly tough times. Going through a personal transition, she had recently sold her vehicle to afford one reliable enough for work. She and Princess were living in a small, worn-down apartment, working hard to make ends meet. Yet, as Perkins noted, she faced each day with a smile and a kind word for everyone.(人们很快了解到，这位女士正经历着一段特别艰难的时期。在经历个人转变的过程中，她最近卖掉了自己的车，以便买一辆足够可靠的车用于工作。她和公主住在一间破旧的小公寓里，努力维持生计。然而，正如珀金斯所指出的，她每天都面带微笑，对每个人都和蔼可亲)”可知，本段主要讲述了这位女士如何与生活作斗争。 6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Please be kind. Everyone is dealing with something they do not speak about and will still show up to work every day,” said Perkins. “The people that work behind the scenes are the ones that need all the praise. Small jobs are the most important stories that always go unnoticed and get the least amount of thank you.”(“请善良一点。每个人都在处理一些他们不愿提及的事情，但他们仍然会每天去上班，”珀金斯说。“在幕后工作的人是最需要赞扬的人。小工作是最重要的故事，却总是被忽视，得到的感谢也最少。”)”可知，珀金斯认为服务工作者也应该得到尊重。 7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“The story, which began with a simple vest, became a powerful reminder. It showed how a single act of kindness, recognizing the dignity in another's work and struggle, can ripple outward. Sometimes, seeing and appreciating one person's quiet strength can inspire a community to help them carry their load.(这个故事始于一件简单的背心，却成为了一个有力的提醒。它表明，一个简单的善举，即认可他人工作和奋斗中的尊严，可以向外扩散。有时候，看到并欣赏一个人的安静力量可以激励整个社区来帮助他们分担负担)”可知，文章传达的主要信息是善良往往始于最简单的举动。 C More than 50 years ago, Jane Goodall stunned the scientific community by reporting that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania were using tools to extract insects out of their nests. This observation was groundbreaking, as scientists believed tool-making was a uniquely human characteristic. Louis Leakey, Goodall’s advisor, famously responded: “Now we must redefine ‘tool’, redefine ‘man’, or accept chimpanzees as humans.” Today, overwhelming evidence shows that many species learn from one another, developing cultural behaviors that can be passed down across generations. A recent special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B presents studies ranging from whales to wallabies, demonstrating that socially learned behavior is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. For many species, such learned behavior is not simply interesting but essential. It allows animals to share survival skills, such as where to find food or how to avoid danger. These findings are already influencing conservation practices, from reintroductions to managing conflicts between humans and wildlife over habitat use. This focus on learning has also led to the growing idea of “longevity (长寿) conservation.” Studies suggest that some long-lived animals, including whales and giant tortoises, act as keepers of ecological knowledge. Their long lives allow them to remember migration routes, feeding areas, and responses to environmental change. At the same time, scientists are studying how these animals maintain their health over decades or even centuries, discovering biological strategies that help resist diseases and repair cells. These discoveries raise difficult questions about how humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditions such as songs or hunting methods, should the loss of these behaviors be treated as seriously as the loss of historical buildings? Understanding animal culture also casts doubt on proposals such as “de-extinction,” which aims to bring extinct species back to life. As a conservation strategy, this is fundamentally unworkable. Without older individuals to pass on knowledge, recreated animals would lack the skills needed to survive. The more we learn about other species’ cultures, the harder it is to deny that we are surrounded by a planet full of “others”. Truly absorbing this knowledge might just encourage the major shift we need as protectors of this rich bio-cultural diversity. 8．Why was Goodall’s discovery considered shocking at the time? A．She challenged her advisor. B．Louis commented on it publicly. C．Chimpanzees were rarely studied. D．Only humans were believed to use tools. 9．What can be inferred about animals’ learned behavior? A．It is affected by genes. B．It expands their habitats. C．It is critical for their survival. D．It settles human-wildlife conflicts. 10．What role do older animals play according to longevity conservation? A．Protectors of habitats. B．Defenders against diseases. C．Designers of migration routes. D．Carriers of ecological wisdom. 11．What is the main purpose of the article? A．To honor Jane Goodall’s work. B．To urge a rethink of animals’ cultures. C．To compare animal cultural behaviors. D．To propose new species revival technologies. 【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物也存在文化行为与知识传承，打破人类对工具使用与文化的独有认知，呼吁重新思考动物文化与保护方向。 8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This observation was groundbreaking, as scientists believed tool-making was a uniquely human characteristic. (这一观察具有开创性，因为科学家们认为制造工具是人类独有的特征。)”可知，当时科学界普遍认为只有人类才会制造和使用工具，而Jane Goodall发现坦桑尼亚的黑猩猩会使用工具从巢穴中提取昆虫，这一发现打破了人们的固有认知，因此令人震惊。故选D项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For many species, such learned behavior is not simply interesting but essential. It allows animals to share survival skills, such as where to find food or how to avoid danger. (对许多物种而言，这种习得行为不仅仅是有趣，更是至关重要的。它让动物能够分享生存技能，比如去哪里寻找食物或如何躲避危险。)”可知，动物的习得行为能帮助它们掌握寻找食物、躲避危险等关键生存技能，直接关系到它们的生存，因此对它们的生存至关重要。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Studies suggest that some long-lived animals, including whales and giant tortoises, act as keepers of ecological knowledge. Their long lives allow them to remember migration routes, feeding areas, and responses to environmental change. (研究表明，一些长寿动物，包括鲸鱼和巨龟，充当着生态知识的守护者。它们漫长的寿命使它们能够记住迁徙路线、觅食区域以及应对环境变化的方法。)”可知，根据长寿保护理论，年长的动物凭借漫长的寿命，储存并传承着迁徙、觅食、应对环境变化等生态知识，是生态智慧的承载者。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第五段中的“These discoveries raise difficult questions about how humans define cultural heritage. If birds and whales have traditions such as songs or hunting methods, should the loss of these behaviors be treated as seriously as the loss of historical buildings? (这些发现引发了关于人类如何定义文化遗产的难题。如果鸟类和鲸鱼有歌曲或狩猎方法等传统，那么这些行为的消失是否应该像历史建筑的消失一样被严肃对待？)”以及最后一段中的“The more we learn about other species’ cultures, the harder it is to deny that we are surrounded by a planet full of “others”. Truly absorbing this knowledge might just encourage the major shift we need as protectors of this rich bio-cultural diversity. (我们对其他物种的文化了解得越多，就越难否认我们周围是一个充满“他者”的星球。真正吸收这些知识，或许能推动我们作为这种丰富生物文化多样性的保护者所需要的重大转变。)”可知，文章围绕动物存在文化行为和知识传承这一核心，通过一系列研究发现，引发人类对动物文化的重新思考，呼吁人们重视动物文化和生物文化多样性，因此本文的主要目的是促使人们重新思考动物文化。故选B项。 D Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world? Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are hardly separable at all — genes and the environment do not act independently, but instead interact closely and even shape one another in tangible ways. Genes do not shape our identities merely on their own within our bodies; instead, they function partly by molding the environments we choose or create. A striking finding of this research is that our environment is, in part, shaped by the genes of the people around us. Initial research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal, a core insight of sociogenomics that bridges genetic and social science. 12．Why did the author mention the “nature versus nurture” debate in paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the dominant role of family experiences. B．To introduce a long-standing core topic in human sciences. C．To highlight the weakness of early hereditarians’ arguments. D．To lay a contrastive foundation for a new scientific perspective. 13．What can be inferred from the example of students? A．Smoking behavior spreads mainly through direct persuasion. B．Genetic tendencies can indirectly change group behavior. C．School rules fail to control students’ genetic instincts. D．Only smokers’ friends adopt the same genetic risks. 14．What happens when environments become more diverse according to paragraph 3? A．People rely less on their genetic traits. B．Genetic differences play a smaller role. C．Genetic differences become more influential. D．Nurture becomes more important than nature. 15．What does the author mean by comparing nature and nurture to a “Möbius strip”? A．They depend entirely on physical conditions. B．They have a one-way influence on each other. C．They form a complex, continuous cycle of impact. D．They are two separate parts of human development. 【答案】12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章挑战了“先天与后天”对立的传统观点，提出社会基因组学的新视角，指出基因与环境不可分割，二者如同莫比乌斯环般不断地相互交织循环。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fifteen decades ago, Francis Galton first came up with the term “nature versus nurture”, and this debate over the factors shaping human identity has long been a central topic in human sciences. Do our genes determine our life paths, as hereditarians (遗传论者) argue? Or are we born as empty paper, shaped merely by the experiences we have in our families and the wider world? Today, however, a new branch of science is ready to overturn the debate. (150年前，Francis Galton首次提出了“先天与后天”这一概念，关于塑造人类身份的各种因素的争论在人类科学领域一直是一个核心议题。我们的基因是否像遗传论者所说的那样决定了我们的人生道路？还是说我们生来就像一张白纸，只是由家庭和更广阔世界中的经历来塑造呢？然而，如今，一门新的科学分支即将彻底改变这场争论。)”可知，作者在第一段提到“先天与后天”的经典争论，引出这一长期存在的核心话题，进而用“然而”转折，为后文提出的新科学视角，即先天与后天不可分割，奠定对比基础。故选D项。 13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A few students with a genetic trend for smoking in a high school seemed to cause smoking rates to skyrocket across the entire grade — even among students who have no direct contact with these students — like a gene-driven wildfire spreading through social networks. (高中里几名有吸烟遗传倾向的学生似乎导致整个年级的吸烟率飙升——甚至包括那些与这些学生没有直接接触的学生——就像基因驱动的野火通过社交网络蔓延。)”可知，在该例中，少数有吸烟遗传倾向的学生也能通过社交网络间接影响整个群体的行为，这表明基因倾向可以间接改变群体行为模式。故选B项。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the bigger the role that genetic variation plays in distinguishing us into different groups. (环境提供的机会和信息越多——环境越多样化——遗传变异在将我们区分成不同群体时所扮演的角色就越大。)”可知，当环境变得更加多样化时，遗传差异的作用会变得更加显著。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re a Möbius strip (莫比乌斯环), endlessly circling back on each other. This interdependence means their interaction is fluid and reciprocal (先天与后天并非相互独立的力量——它们就像一个莫比乌斯环，不断地相互交织循环。这种相互依存的关系意味着它们之间的相互作用是灵活且相互关联的)”可知，作者将先天与后天比作“莫比乌斯环”，意在说明它们形成了一个复杂且持续相互影响的循环。故选C项。 二、阅读填空（共5小题，每小题2.5分，共12.5分） Life is full of setbacks, and learning to navigate them is a central task of growing up. Yet many young people today find themselves unprepared when things go wrong. “Psychological resilience” refers to the ability to recover from difficulties and adapt well to adversity. 1 Instead of seeing it as a fixed trait that some people have and others lack, experts now view resilience as a set of skills that anyone can learn. Allow yourself to feel what you feel. When faced with a failure, the natural instinct is often to push away unpleasant emotions — to tell ourselves “I shouldn’t be this upset” or “I need to just get over it.” 2 Research shows that acknowledging and naming our emotions reduces their intensity. Instead of saying “I’m a failure,” say “I feel disappointed and frustrated right now.” This simple shift creates space between identity and emotion. Reframe the narrative. The stories we tell ourselves about our setbacks matter enormously. A student who fails an exam can label the experience as “proof that I’m not smart enough,” or reframe it as “a signal that I need to adjust my study methods.” 3 The first narrative leads to helplessness; the second opens the door to growth. Build a support network. Resilience is not a solo achievement. When young people feel they have to face their struggles alone, small setbacks can spiral into major crises. 4 Reaching out — whether to friends, family, or a trusted teacher — can transform a burden into a shared challenge. Connection reminds us that we are not broken; we are simply human. Practice self-compassion. 5 Treating oneself with the same kindness one would offer a close friend is not self-indulgence — it is wisdom. Research by Dr. Kristin Neff has shown that self-compassion, far from making people lazy, actually increases motivation and the willingness to try again. The path to resilience is not about becoming invulnerable, but about learning to bend without breaking. A．The key word here is “learn.” B．This, however, is often misleading. C．That is why high achievers never experience any self-doubt. D．The difference between these two interpretations is enormous. E．Curiously enough, the hardest person to forgive is often ourselves. F．Therefore, building resilience means avoiding negative emotions at all costs. G．Having someone who simply listens without judgment can be deeply healing. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．G 5．E 【解析】本文主要介绍了培养心理韧性的四个具体方法：接纳情绪、重构叙事、建立支持网络以及练习自我同情。 1．根据前文““Psychological resilience” refers to the ability to recover from difficulties and adapt well to adversity.(“心理韧性”指的是从困难中恢复并良好适应逆境的能力。)”以及后文“Instead of seeing it as a fixed trait that some people have and others lack, experts now view resilience as a set of skills that anyone can learn.(专家现在不再将其视为某些人拥有而另一些人缺乏的固定特质，而是将其视为任何人都可以学习的一套技能。)”可知，前后文讨论了心理韧性的定义及其性质的变化，后文强调了“learn”（学习）这一概念，指出韧性是可习得的技能。选项A“The key word here is “learn.”(这里的关键词是“学习”。)”承上启下。 2．根据前文“When faced with a failure, the natural instinct is often to push away unpleasant emotions — to tell ourselves “I shouldn’t be this upset” or “I need to just get over it.”(当面对失败时，本能反应往往是推开不愉快的情绪——告诉自己“我不应该这么难过”或者“我需要赶紧克服它”。)”以及后文“Research shows that acknowledging and naming our emotions reduces their intensity.(研究表明，承认并确定我们的情绪可以降低其强度。)”可知，前文描述的是人们通常会回避或压抑情绪的本能做法，而后文通过研究结果指出了承认情绪的积极作用，说明前文的本能做法是不可取的。选项B“This, however, is often misleading.(然而，这往往具有误导性。)”起到了转折作用，对前文提到的“推开不愉快情绪”的做法进行了否定，引出后文关于正确处理情绪的建议。 3．根据前文“A student who fails an exam can label the experience as “proof that I’m not smart enough,” or reframe it as “a signal that I need to adjust my study methods.”(一个考试不及格的学生可以把这种经历标记为“证明我不够聪明”，或者重新构建为“我需要调整学习方法的信号”。)”以及后文“The first narrative leads to helplessness; the second opens the door to growth.(第一种叙事会导致无助；第二种则打开了成长的大门。)”可知，前文列举了面对挫折的两种不同解读方式，后文进一步分析了这两种方式带来的截然不同的后果。选项D“The difference between these two interpretations is enormous.(这两种解读之间的差异是巨大的。)”承上启下。 4．根据前文“When young people feel they have to face their struggles alone, small setbacks can spiral into major crises.(当年轻人觉得必须独自面对挣扎时，小小的挫折可能会快速上升为重大危机。)”以及后文“Reaching out — whether to friends, family, or a trusted teacher — can transform a burden into a shared challenge.(寻求帮助——无论是向朋友、家人还是值得信赖的老师——都可以将负担转化为共同的挑战。)”可知，前文指出了孤军奋战的危害，后文建议寻求外界帮助。选项G“Having someone who simply listens without judgment can be deeply healing.(有一个仅仅倾听而不加评判的人可以具有深度的治愈作用。)”承接了前文关于独自面对困难的话题，引出后文的寻求帮助，符合本段建立支持网络的话题。 5．根据段落标题“Practice self-compassion. (练习自我同情。)”以及后文“Treating oneself with the same kindness one would offer a close friend is not self-indulgence — it is wisdom. (用对待密友的同样善意对待自己，这不是自我放纵——而是智慧。)”可知，本段主要讨论要对自己宽容、善意。选项E“Curiously enough, the hardest person to forgive is often ourselves. (奇怪的是，最难原谅的人往往是我们自己。)”指出了人们往往对自己最为苛刻的普遍现象，这与段落主题“自我同情”紧密相关，同时也说明了要练习自我同情的原因，引出下文。 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $