Unit 5 Music（知识清单）英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语Unit5 Music知识清单系统整合了词汇、语法、写作三大核心模块，涵盖阅读词汇、写作词汇、词汇变形等基础词汇训练，过去分词作表语和状语等语法要点，以及议论文、记叙文等写作指导，为学生搭建从语言知识积累到语法应用再到写作实践的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理、真题关联、易错辨析构建知识体系，如词汇部分设熟词生义对比表，语法模块结合高考真题及改编题解析，写作提供分体裁框架与黄金句式。特色设计“易错点口诀”和“写作素材库”，如“过去分词作状语助记口诀”帮助理解语法逻辑，培养学生语言能力和思维品质，教师可依托清单精准教学，学生能自主高效复习，提升学习效率。

Unit5 Music 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.virtual adj. 很接近的;事实上的;虚拟的 2.composition n. 成分;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品 3.studio n. 演播室;(音乐的)录音棚;工作室 4.composer n. 作曲者;作曲家 5.conductor n. (乐队、合唱团等的)指挥;(公共汽车的)售票员 6.phenomenon (pl.phenomena) n. 现象 7.rap n. 快速敲击;说唱音乐 vi.& vt. 敲击;(说唱歌中的)念白 8.romantic adj. 浪漫的 n. 浪漫的人 9.album n. 相册;集邮簿;音乐专辑 10.repetition n. 重复;重做 11.simile n. 明喻 12.outline n.& vt. 概述;概要 二、写作词汇： 1.soul n.灵魂;心灵 2.altogether adv.(用以强调)全部;总共 3.thus adv.如此;因此 4.band n.乐队;带子 5.nowadays adv.现在;目前 6.cure vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题) n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施 7.previous adj.先前的;以往的 8.impact n.巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力 9.aim n.目的;目标 vi.& vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt.目的是;旨在 10.ache vi.& n.疼痛 11.lean vt.依靠;倾斜 12.being n.身心;存在;生物 13.somehow adv.以某种方式(或方法);不知怎么地 三、词汇变形： 1.energy n.能源;能量;精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的 2.perform vi.& vt.表演;履行;执行→performance n.表演;演技;表现→performer n.表演者;演员 3.enable vt.使能够;使可能→able adj.有能力的→ability n.能力→disable vt.使丧失能力;使残疾→disability n.残疾;缺陷→unable adj.不能的;没有能力的 4.prove vt.证明;展现→proof n.证据 5.original adj.原来的;独创的;原作的 n.原件;原作→originally adv.最初;原来→origin n.起源 6.gradual adj.逐渐的;渐进的→gradually adv.逐渐地 7.capable adj.有能力的;有才能的→incapable adj.没有能力的→capacity n.容量;能力 8.relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱→relieve vt.使减轻;缓解→relieved adj.轻松的;解脱的 9.unemployed adj.失业的;待业的→employ vt.雇用;利用→employment n.就业;使用;雇用;工作→employer n.雇主→employee n.雇员 10.equipment n.设备;装备→equip vt.装备;配备 11.talent n.天才;天资;天赋→talented adj.有天赋的;天才的 12.piano n.钢琴→pianist n.钢琴家 13.assume vt.以为;假设→assumption n.假设;推断→assuming conj.假设;假定 14.addition n.添加;加法;增加物→additional adj.附加的;另外的→add vt.添加;增加 15.treatment n.治疗;对待;处理→treat vt.治疗;对待;招待 n.乐趣;款待 16.satisfaction n.满足;满意;欣慰→satisfy vt.使满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的→satisfactory adj.令人满意的 17.various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的→variety n.多样性→vary v.变化 18.repetition n.重复;重做→repeat vt.重复 19.reaction n.反应;回应→react vi.(对……)作出反应 四、拓展词汇 1.fall in love with 爱上 2.absorbed in sth/sb 被……吸引住;专心致志 3.set sth up 安装好(设备或机器);成立;创立 4.try out 参加……选拔(或试演)  5.in addition (to sb/sth) 除……以外(还) 6.from (then) on 从(那)时起 7.get through (设法)处理;完成;打通(电话);通过;用完;度过(困难时期)  8.touch one’s heart/soul 触动某人的心灵 9.enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 10.graduate from 毕业于 五、熟词生义 1. form 常见义项：n. 形式；表格 生义：v. 组成；组建；形成 ▶ 教材语境：They formed a band in 2018 and quickly became popular.（他们于2018年组建了一支乐队，并迅速走红。） ▶ 常见义项例句：Fill in the form with your personal information.（用你的个人信息填写表格。） ▶ 生义例句：A plan began to form in her mind.（一个计划开始在她脑海中形成。） 2. rock 常见义项：n. 岩石；摇滚乐 生义：v. （使）摇晃；震动 ▶ 教材语境：rock n. 岩石；摇滚乐 v. 摇晃；震动 ▶ 常见义项例句：The mountain is covered with huge rocks.（这座山覆盖着巨大的岩石。） ▶ 生义例句：The boat rocked gently on the water.（船在水面上轻轻摇晃。） 3. hit 常见义项：v. 打击；碰撞 生义：n. 成功；热门作品（如歌曲、电影等） ▶ 教材语境：Their first single was a huge hit.（他们的第一首单曲大获成功。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He hit his head on the door.（他的头撞到了门上。） ▶ 生义例句：The song became a hit all over the world.（这首歌风靡全球。） 4. record 常见义项：n. 记录；唱片 /ˈrekɔːd/ 生义：v. 录制；记录 /rɪˈkɔːd/ ▶ 教材语境：They went to the studio to record their new album.（他们去录音室录制新专辑。） ▶ 常见义项例句：She broke the world record for the 100 meter dash.（她打破了100米短跑的世界纪录。） ▶ 生义例句：We need to record every detail of the experiment.（我们需要记录实验的每个细节。） 5. play 常见义项：v. 玩耍；演奏（乐器） 生义：n. 戏剧；剧本 ▶ 教材语境：play n. 戏剧；剧本 v. 玩耍；演奏 ▶ 常见义项例句：He likes to play the guitar in his free time.（他喜欢在空闲时间弹吉他。） ▶ 生义例句：Shakespeare’s plays are still popular today.（莎士比亚的戏剧如今依然受欢迎。） 6. case 常见义项：n. 情况；案例 生义：n. 容器；盒子（如琴盒、行李箱） ▶ 教材语境：He carried his violin case into the concert hall.（他提着小提琴盒走进音乐厅。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This is a special case that requires careful consideration.（这是一个需要仔细考虑的特殊情况。） ▶ 生义例句：She packed her clothes into a small case.（她把衣服装进一个小箱子里。） 7. tap 常见义项：v. 轻敲；轻拍 生义：n. 水龙头 ▶ 教材语境：Don’t leave the tap running when you brush your teeth.（刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He tapped me on the shoulder to get my attention.（他轻拍我的肩膀以引起我的注意。） 8. concert 常见义项：n. 音乐会 生义：n. 和谐；一致（书面语） ▶ 教材语境：The colors in the painting are in perfect concert.（这幅画的色彩十分和谐。） ▶ 常见义项例句：They bought tickets for the rock concert.（他们买了摇滚音乐会的门票。） 写作 句型 句型公式 1：as 引导非限制性定语从句（正如……） 译文：正如一位虚拟合唱团成员所说：“音乐帮助我……忘记我的烦恼。有了音乐，我变成了另一个人。” 译文：正如研究表明的那样，听音乐可以减轻压力并提高专注力。 译文：众所周知，音乐在情感疗愈中发挥着重要作用。 句型公式 2：it’s an honour to do sth（做某事感到非常荣幸） 译文：非常荣幸来到这里，并与你们分享音乐是如何影响我人生的故事。 译文：非常荣幸被邀请分享我学习传统音乐的经历。 译文：我非常荣幸作为志愿者参加这次国际音乐节。 句型公式 3：way 作先行词的定语从句（……的方式/途径） 译文：在那些时候，音乐能以曾帮助过我的同样方式帮助你。 译文：她向我展示了音乐可以连接全世界人们的方式/途径。 译文：他创作音乐的方式激励了许多年轻艺术家。 语法 过去分词作表语和状语 写作 写一篇关于学习传统乐器经历的短文 1、 知识点精讲 [1. stringed adj. 有弦的] 【教材原句】： stringed instrument（出自教材Unit 5词汇表，在词汇表中与instrument搭配为stringed instrument弦乐器） 【归纳拓展】： stringed instrument 弦乐器 string n. 线；绳；一串；弦 string quartet 弦乐四重奏 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Our school music club is planning to buy some stringed instruments, and we would appreciate your advice on the selection. - 读后续写： Seated by the window, the old man gently played his stringed instrument, the soft melody carrying memories of his youth through the quiet night. 【易混辨析】： stringed 指“有弦的”，专门用于描述带有琴弦的乐器，如小提琴、吉他等。 wind 指“管乐的”，通过吹气发声的乐器，如长笛、小号等。 percussion 指“打击乐的”，通过敲击发声的乐器，如鼓、钹等。 典型例句对比： - stringed: The violin is a beautiful stringed instrument. - wind: She plays the flute, a typical wind instrument. - percussion: The drums are the most common percussion instruments. 【单句语法填空】： ① The ______ (string) instrument produces a beautiful sound that is very different from wind instruments. ② She is learning to play several ______ (string) instruments, including the violin and the guitar. ③ The concert featured a variety of ______ (string) and wind instruments. 答案：① stringed ② stringed ③ stringed [2. composition n. 成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品] 【教材原句】： The place where he studied musical composition.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： musical composition 音乐作品；乐曲 compose vt. 作曲；创作；组成 composer n. 作曲者；作曲家 be composed of 由……组成 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing to recommend a musical composition that I believe would be perfect for our school‘s upcoming art festival. - 读后续写： Having composed the melody in just one night, the young musician could hardly contain his excitement when the audience burst into thunderous applause. 【易混辨析】： composition 指“作品”，强调创作的结果，尤指音乐、文学或艺术作品；也可指“成分、构成”。 piece 指“（艺术）作品”，常用于音乐、绘画、文学等，如a piece of music。 work 指“作品”，范围最广，可指文学、艺术、音乐等领域的杰出创作。 典型例句对比： - composition: This musical composition was written by Mozart. - piece: The orchestra played a beautiful piece by Beethoven. - work: This painting is one of Picasso‘s greatest works. 【单句语法填空】： ① Beethoven is one of the greatest ______ (compose) in the history of Western music. ② The band is ______ (compose) of five talented musicians from different countries. ③ She spent months writing a new musical ______ (compose) for the orchestra. 答案：① composers ② composed ③ composition [3. perform vi. & vt. 表演；履行；执行] 【教材原句】： Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： perform one‘s duty/promise 履行某人的责任/诺言 perform well/badly 表现得好/差 performance n. 表演；表现 performer n. 表演者；演员 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing to invite you to perform at our school's annual New Year's concert, which will be held in the auditorium on December 30th. - 读后续写： Although she had never performed in front of such a large audience before, the young singer stepped onto the stage with a confident smile. 【易混辨析】： perform 指“表演”，强调在观众面前展示才艺；也可指“履行、执行（任务、职责）”。 act 指“表演、扮演”，特指戏剧、电影中的角色表演。 play 指“演奏（乐器）”或“扮演（角色）”，也指“玩耍”。 典型例句对比： - perform: The band will perform at the music festival next week. - act: She is going to act the role of Juliet in the school play. - play: He can play the piano very well. 【单句语法填空】： ① The band will ______ (perform) at the music festival next weekend. ② Her ______ (perform) in the competition impressed all the judges. ③ The soldier was praised for ______ (perform) his duty bravely. 答案：① perform ② performance ③ performing [4. enable vt. 使能够；使可能] 【教材原句】： A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 able adj. 有能力的；能干的 ability n. 能力；才能 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Participating in this volunteer program will enable you to gain valuable experience and develop essential life skills. - 读后续写： The kind stranger‘s timely help enabled the lost child to find his way back home, and tears of gratitude streamed down his mother’s face. 【易混辨析】： enable 指“使能够”，强调为某人提供条件、机会或能力去做某事，后接复合宾语（宾语+to do）。 allow 指“允许”，强调不阻止、给予许可，不一定提供能力。 let 指“让”，语气最口语化，常用于日常口语。 典型例句对比： - enable: The scholarship enabled him to study abroad. - allow: Her parents don‘t allow her to stay out late. - let: Please let me know if you need any help. 【单句语法填空】： ① The scholarship ______ (enable) him to continue his studies abroad. ② Regular exercise enables people ______ (stay) healthy and energetic. ③ The new software ______ (able) users to edit videos more easily. 答案：① enabled ② to stay ③ enables [5. capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的] 【教材原句】： Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions.（出自教材第54页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： be capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 capability n. 能力；才能 incapable adj. 没有能力的；不能的（反义词） 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I believe I am capable of organizing this event successfully, as I have gained relevant experience from previous volunteer work. - 读后续写： Capable of solving the most difficult math problems, the shy boy found himself completely at a loss when it came to expressing his feelings to others. 【易混辨析】： capable 指“有能力的”，强调具备做某事所需的能力或素质，常与of连用。 able 指“有能力的”，强调通过知识、技能或机会能够做某事，常与to do连用。 competent 指“胜任的”，强调具备足够技能或资格来完成任务，常用于正式语境。 典型例句对比： - capable: She is capable of handling this difficult situation. - able: He is able to speak three languages fluently. - competent: She is a competent teacher who knows how to manage her class. 【单句语法填空】： ① He is ______ (capable) of finishing the task within two days. ② Her ______ (capable) as a leader was recognized by all the team members. ③ The injured bird was ______ (capable) of flying, so we took it home to take care of it. 答案：① capable ② capability ③ incapable [6. relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；宽慰；解脱] 【教材原句】： Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.（出自教材第54页） 【归纳拓展】： in relief 如释重负；松了口气 to one‘s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；解除 relieved adj. 感到宽慰的；放心的 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： To my great relief, all the arrangements for the school sports meeting have been completed ahead of schedule. - 读后续写： To her relief, the missing child was found safe and sound in the library, and she hugged him tightly, tears streaming down her cheeks. 【易混辨析】： relief 指“（痛苦、担忧等的）减轻或消除”，强调从负面情绪中获得解脱。 comfort 指“安慰、慰藉”，强调通过言语或行动使他人心情平复。 ease 指“安逸、舒适”，强调从紧张或费力状态中放松下来。 典型例句对比： - relief: To his great relief, he passed the exam. - comfort: Her kind words brought comfort to the grieving family. - ease: After the final exam, he felt a sense of ease. 【单句语法填空】： ① ______ his relief, he passed the final examination with flying colors. ② The doctor gave him some medicine ______ (relieve) his pain. ③ She felt a sense of ______ (relief) when she finally finished the difficult project. 答案：① To ② to relieve ③ relief [7. aim n. 目的；目标 vi. & vt. 力求达到；瞄准] 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） 【归纳拓展】： with the aim of 以……为目的 achieve one‘s aim 达到某人的目标 aim to do sth. 力求做某事；旨在做某事 be aimed at 旨在；针对 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Our club was established with the aim of promoting cultural exchange among students from different countries. - 读后续写： Aiming to win the first prize, the young pianist practiced day and night, her fingers dancing across the keys with increasing confidence and skill. 【易混辨析】： aim 指“目标、目的”，强调明确的方向和意图，可作名词或动词。 goal 指“目标”，强调需要长期努力才能达成的最终目的，常用于职业、人生等。 objective 指“客观目标”，强调具体、可衡量的目标，常用于商业、军事或学术领域。 target 指“具体目标”，强调明确的数值或标准，常用于商业、业绩等场景。 典型例句对比： - aim: The main aim of the project is to help the poor. - goal: His ultimate goal is to become a doctor. - objective: The company has achieved all its financial objectives. - target: She set a target of saving $1,000 this year. 【单句语法填空】： ① The new policy is aimed ______ improving the quality of education. ② We should set a clear ______ (aim) before we start the project. ③ The organization aims ______ (provide) free medical care to the poor. 答案：① at ② aim ③ to provide [8. assume vt. 以为；假设；认为] 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） 【归纳拓展】： assume sb./sth. to be... 假定某人/某物为…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assumption n. 假定；假设 assuming that... 假设……（引导条件状语） 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I assume that you have already received the invitation letter, and I am writing to confirm your attendance at the ceremony. - 读后续写： Assuming that everyone had left the classroom, the little girl quietly took out her lunch and shared it with the stray cat hiding under the desk. 【易混辨析】： assume 指“假设、认为”，强调在没有确凿证据的情况下做出推断。 suppose 指“猜想、料想”，强调基于一定根据的推测，口语中常用。 presume 指“假定、推测”，强调基于可能性或常识的推测，语气较正式。 典型例句对比： - assume: I assume he will come, since he said he would. - suppose: I suppose she is about thirty years old. - presume: The missing man is presumed dead. 【单句语法填空】： ① We ______ (assume) that the meeting would be held on Friday, but it was actually on Monday. ② It ______ (assume) that the ancient city was built over 2,000 years ago. ③ His ______ (assumption) that everyone would agree with him turned out to be wrong. 答案：① assumed ② is assumed ③ assumption 2、 核心语法精讲 过去分词作表语和状语 【感知·语法规律】 （一）教材原文感知 1."Everyone was excited about the upcoming festival." "excited" 作表语，放在系动词 "was" 后，描述主语 "Everyone" 的状态，“感到兴奋的”。 2. "Built in the 15th century, the temple has a long history." "Built in the 15th century" 作状语，表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 "After it was built in the 15th century"。 3. "Deeply moved by his words, she decided to change her mind." "Deeply moved by his words" 作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句 "Because she was deeply moved by his words"。 （二）高考真题感知 过去分词在高考语法填空中主要考查作定语（频率最高），其次是作宾补和作状语，作表语的考查频率最低。 以下是高考英语语法填空中考查过去分词作表语和状语的一些真题，并且附加了符合高考真题水平的改编题，通过对比来加深对过去分词的每种用法（定语、状语、表语、宾补）的理解。 一、过去分词作表语 1.（2024年新高考Ⅰ卷）In cold weather, the structure stays ______ (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】 closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“stays”后接过去分词“closed”，表示主语“the structure”的状态（关闭的），构成“系表结构”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： Visitors to the garden were amazed by the beautifully ______ (close) design of the glasshouse, which perfectly balanced functionality and aesthetics. 【答案】 closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“close”与名词“design”之间为被动关系（设计方案被确定/封闭），用过去分词“closed”作前置定语，修饰“design”，表示“已被确定的设计方案”。 改编题2（过去分词作状语）： ______ (close) for the winter, the botanical garden's exhibition hall would not reopen until the following spring. 【答案】 Closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语”。动词“close”与逻辑主语“the botanical garden's exhibition hall”之间为被动关系（展览馆被关闭），用过去分词“Closed”作原因状语，表示“因冬季关闭”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： To ensure the safety of the rare plants during the extreme cold snap, the staff kept the glasshouse ______ (close) around the clock. 【答案】 closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“kept”后接宾语“the glasshouse”，宾语与补足语“close”之间为被动关系（温室被关闭），用过去分词“closed”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 2.（2021年新高考Ⅱ卷）I was so ______ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 【答案】 excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“was”后接过去分词“excited”，表示主语“I”的心理状态（感到兴奋的），构成“系表结构”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The ______ (excite) children, who had been waiting for the results for weeks, finally learned that their team had won the championship. 【答案】 excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“excite”与名词“children”之间为被动关系（孩子们感到兴奋），用过去分词“excited”作前置定语，修饰“children”。 改编题2（过去分词作状语）： ______ (excite) by the news that the long-lost painting had been recovered, the museum director immediately set out for New York to identify it. 【答案】 Excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语”。动词“excite”与逻辑主语“the museum director”之间为被动关系（馆长被消息所激动），用过去分词“Excited”作原因状语，表示“因激动而……” 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： The announcement of the winner left the entire audience ______ (excite), with cheers and applause echoing throughout the hall. 【答案】 excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“left”后接宾语“the entire audience”，宾语与补足语“excite”之间为被动关系（观众被激动），用过去分词“excited”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 二、过去分词作状语 1.（2022年全国甲卷）______ (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】 Inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作状语”。动词“inspire”与逻辑主语“Cao”之间为被动关系（曹被论坛启发），用过去分词“Inspired”作原因状语，表示“受到启发后”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The ______ (inspire) young man, who had never traveled beyond his hometown, embarked on a 40-day journey along the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】 inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“inspire”与名词“man”之间为被动关系（年轻人受到启发），用过去分词“inspired”作前置定语，修饰“man”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： Cao felt profoundly ______ (inspire) by the vision of international cooperation, which motivated him to undertake the challenging hike. 【答案】 inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“felt”后接过去分词“inspired”，表示主语“Cao”的心理状态（感到受启发的），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： The documentary about the ancient Silk Road left thousands of viewers ______ (inspire) to explore the cultural heritage along the route. 【答案】 inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“left”后接宾语“thousands of viewers”，宾语与补足语“inspire”之间为被动关系（观众被激励），用过去分词“inspired”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 2.（2023年北京卷）When ______ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语（状语从句省略）”。when引导的状语从句中，主语“the mangrove forests”与动词“see”之间为被动关系，完整形式为“when they are seen from afar”，省略主语和be动词后，填过去分词“seen”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The mangrove forests ______ (see) from the observation deck stretched as far as the eye could reach. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作后置定语”，相当于定语从句“which were seen”。动词“see”与主语“the mangrove forests”之间为被动关系，用过去分词“seen”作后置定语，修饰“the mangrove forests”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： The mangrove forests appear far more splendid when they are ______ (see) against the backdrop of the setting sun. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“are”后接过去分词“seen”，表示主语“the mangrove forests”的状态（被看），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： Tourists often find the mangrove forests ______ (see) at sunrise, when the golden light transforms the landscape into a breathtaking masterpiece. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“find”后接宾语“the mangrove forests”，宾语与补足语“see”之间为被动关系（红树林被看），用过去分词“seen”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 3.（2024年北京卷）And when ______ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语（状语从句省略）”。when引导的状语从句中，主语“he”与动词“ask”之间为被动关系，完整形式为“when he was asked”，省略主语和be动词后，填过去分词“asked”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The question ______ (ask) by the journalist turned out to be surprisingly simple to answer. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作后置定语”，相当于定语从句“which was asked”。动词“ask”与“the question”之间为被动关系，用过去分词“asked”作后置定语，修饰“question”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： The elderly gentleman, now 112 years old, felt repeatedly ______ (ask) about his secret to a long and healthy life. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“felt”后接过去分词“asked”，表示主语“the elderly gentleman”的状态（被反复问及），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： The constant media attention left the world's oldest living man ______ (ask) the same question over and over again. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“left”后接宾语“the world's oldest living man”，宾语与补足语“ask”之间为被动关系（他被问及），用过去分词“asked”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 4.（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ______ (compare) to younger generations. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作状语”，也可视为“插入语”。“compare”与逻辑主语“old generations”之间为被动关系，用过去分词“compared”，表示“与……相比”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The ______ (compare) statistics from the two surveys reveal a widening gap between the economic conditions of different age groups. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“compare”与名词“statistics”之间为被动关系（数据被比较），用过去分词“compared”作前置定语，修饰“statistics”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： The economic conditions of older generations are often ______ (compare) unfavorably with those of younger generations in recent studies. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“are”后接过去分词“compared”，表示主语“the economic conditions”的状态（被比较），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： Demographic researchers frequently find the living standards of the elderly ______ (compare) to those of younger populations in order to assess social inequality. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“find”后接宾语“the living standards of the elderly”，宾语与补足语“compare”之间为被动关系（生活水平被比较），用过去分词“compared”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）用法分类 过去分词作表语 1.位置与功能：位于系动词（如 be, seem, feel, look, become, remain, get 等）之后，描述主语的状态、特征或感受。此时过去分词形容词化。 例句：He seemed disappointed at the news. （他对消息似乎感到失望。） 例句：The door remained locked. （门仍然是锁着的。） 2.与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语：强调主语所处的状态。 例句：The glass is broken. （玻璃杯是碎的。 状态） 被动语态：强调动作本身。 例句：The glass was broken by Tom. （玻璃杯被汤姆打碎了。 动作） 典例：判断：The store is closed now. (状态) / The store is closed at 6 p.m. every day. (动作) 【答案】：第一句强调状态“关着门的”，第二句强调动作“被关闭”。 3.常见作表语的过去分词：多表示人的情感或状态，如 interested, excited, moved, tired, pleased, satisfied, surprised, frightened, worried, disappointed, exhausted, bored 等。 例句：We were satisfied with the result. （我们对结果感到满意。） 过去分词作状语 1.功能：过去分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语构成被动关系。 2.各类型状语详解： 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。 例句：Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. (= When the park is seen from the hill...) 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。 例句：Seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital immediately. (= Because he was seriously injured...) 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。 例句：Given more time, we could do it better. (= If we were given more time...) 让步状语：相当于一个让步状语从句。 例句：Although built decades ago, the bridge is still in good condition. (= Although it was built decades ago...) 方式或伴随状语：表示动作发生的方式或伴随状态。 例句：She came in, followed by her dog. （她进来了，后面跟着她的狗。） 3.省略：过去分词作状语时，前面常可带有连词 when, while, if, unless, although, though, as if 等，使句意更清晰。 例句：When asked about his opinion, he kept silent. （当被问及他的意见时，他保持沉默。） 例句：Even if invited, I won't go. （即使被邀请，我也不会去。） 4.与现在分词作状语的区别： 过去分词：与主语构成被动关系（Deeply moved, she thanked them.） 现在分词：与主语构成主动关系（Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.） 典例：选择：______ (Seeing/Seen) from space, the earth looks blue. 【答案】：Seen。解析：earth与see是被动关系，“被从太空看”。 （二）特殊注意事项 1.悬垂结构：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为悬垂结构，是常见错误。 ✘ 错误：Punished by the teacher, the book was taken away. （书不会被老师惩罚） ✔ 正确：Punished by the teacher, the boy had his book taken away. （男孩被老师惩罚） 典例：改正句子：Running quickly, the finish line was crossed. 【答案】：Running quickly, he crossed the finish line. (原句主语finish line不能run)] 2.固定结构：有些过去分词短语已成固定搭配，无需考虑逻辑主语（如 strictly speaking, generally considered, judging from等）。 例句：Judging from his accent, he is from the south. （从他的口音判断...） 【对点练习】 （一）单句填空 1.The audience got_____________ (bore) during the long speech. 【答案】：bored。解析：get作系动词，后接过去分词作表语，描述主语"audience"的感受“感到无聊”。 2.______ (Give) enough support, they will succeed. 【答案】：Given。解析：过去分词短语作条件状语，they与give是被动关系，“如果被给予足够的支持”。 3.The girl sat in the corner,_____________ (absorb) in her book. 【答案】：absorbed。解析：过去分词短语作伴随状语，girl与absorb是被动关系，“沉浸于书中”。 （二）选项填空 1.______ twice, he didn't want to try again. A. Failing B. Failed C. Having failed D. To fail 【答案】：C。解析：现在分词的完成式"Having failed"作原因状语，表主动且动作在先。若用"Failed"则表被动，不合逻辑。 2.The news sounds ______. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. encouragement 【答案】：A。解析：sound作系动词，后接现在分词"encouraging"（令人鼓舞的）修饰物"news"。若用"encouraged"（感到鼓舞的）则修饰人。 3.______ in white, she looks like a nurse. A. Dressing B. Dressed C. To dress D. Dress 【答案】：B。解析：过去分词短语"Dressed in white"作原因或方式状语，she与dress是被动关系，“因为穿着白色衣服”或“以穿着白色衣服的样子”。 （三）翻译句子 1.如果被给予机会，我会毫不犹豫地去国外学习。 Given the opportunity, I would not hesitate to study abroad. 2.因为深受感动，她承诺要帮助那些需要帮助的人。 Deeply moved, she promised to help those in need. 3.那位教授虽然年逾古稀，但仍然精力充沛。 Although advanced in years, the professor is still energetic. 三、单元写作清单 写作清单：Music（人教版必修二 Unit 5） 适用体裁：议论文、建议信、演讲稿、记叙文 常见话题：音乐的作用与意义、音乐偏好、音乐对情绪的影响、音乐文化多样性、一次音乐活动经历 1. 话题分析 维度 具体内容 核心议题 音乐是人类共通的语言，具有情感治愈（comfort）、文化传递（cultural bridge）、社交联结（social bond）和认知促进（cognitive development）等多重功能。音乐类型多样，如古典（classical）、流行（pop）、民谣（folk）、摇滚（rock）等，各具魅力。 常见命题角度 ① 阐述音乐对个人或社会的影响（如缓解压力、增强创造力）； ② 比较不同音乐类型的特色或推荐一首歌曲/一位音乐人； ③ 记叙一次难忘的音乐活动（如演唱会、音乐节、合唱比赛）； ④ 针对音乐教育的重要性提出观点或建议； ⑤ 说明音乐如何跨越语言和文化的障碍。 写作要点 - 情感共鸣：音乐话题适合融入个人感受和真实经历，增强说服力； - 例证具体：用具体曲目、音乐家或场景支撑观点； - 层次分明：可从“功能—类型—个人经历—建议”等多角度展开； - 语言生动：适当使用描绘性形容词（如melodic, soulful, uplifting）。 2. 写作框架（分体裁） 体裁 开头（引入） 主体（展开） 结尾（总结） 议论文 引出现象 + 点明观点（例：Music, which is often called the universal language, plays a vital role in our lives.） 段①：论证音乐的情感价值（如缓解焦虑）； 段②：论证音乐的社会价值（如跨文化交流）； 段③：论证音乐的教育价值（如提高专注力）。 总结观点 + 展望（例：In a world full of noise, music remains a source of peace and inspiration.） 建议信 问候 + 表明身份 + 写信目的（例：I'm writing to suggest that you listen to some Chinese folk music.） 建议1（推荐曲目）+ 理由； 建议2（分享方法）+ 理由； 建议3（参与活动）+ 理由。 表达期望 + 祝福（例：I hope music will bring you as much joy as it does to me.） 演讲稿 称呼听众 + 引出主题 + 吸引注意（例：Imagine a world without music—what would it be like?） 论点①（音乐的力量：治愈心灵）； 论点②（音乐的力量：连接世界）； 论点③（音乐的力量：激发梦想），每点辅以实例。 呼吁行动 + 结束语（例：Let's embrace music and let it brighten our lives. Thank you!） 记叙文 时间/地点/人物 + 事件背景（例：Last summer, I attended a music festival that completely changed my view of life.） 按时间顺序：到达现场 → 演出过程 → 触动时刻（如某首歌引发共鸣）→ 个人反应。 感悟 + 主题升华（例：That day, I realized that music is not just sound—it's a feeling that stays with you forever.） 3. 写作素材 核心词汇（分类） 类别 词汇 音乐类型 classical（古典的）, folk（民谣的）, jazz（爵士的）, rock（摇滚的）, country（乡村的）, electronic（电子的） 音乐相关名词 melody（旋律）, rhythm（节奏）, lyrics（歌词）, instrument（乐器）, symphony（交响乐）, concert（音乐会）, album（专辑） 感受描述词 uplifting（令人振奋的）, soothing（舒缓的）, emotional（情感的）, powerful（有力量的）, inspiring（鼓舞人心的）, catchy（朗朗上口的） 动作行为 compose（作曲）, perform（表演）, release（发布）, appreciate（欣赏）, create（创造） 黄金句式（按功能） 功能 句式 引入话题 ① When it comes to music, everyone has their own preference.（介词短语） ② There is no doubt that music has the power to change our mood.（同位语从句） 描述音乐魅力 ① Not only does music entertain us, but also it heals our wounds.（倒装） ② Music, which expresses feelings beyond words, connects people from different cultures.（非限制性定语从句） 分享个人经历 ① Listening to this song always reminds me of my childhood.（非谓语） ② Whenever I feel stressed, I turn to music, which helps me relax.（状语从句+定语从句） 提出建议/观点 ① I strongly recommend that you should listen to some classical music.（虚拟语气） ② Only by exploring different music genres can we truly appreciate its diversity.（倒装） 结尾升华 ① Music is more than entertainment—it is what makes us human.（表语从句） ② In my opinion, a life without music is like a body without a soul.（介词短语） 4. 范文背诵 范文一（议论文——音乐的力量） 题目：The Power of Music 语法亮点：非谓语（Compared with, Used as）、倒装（Not only...but also）、主从复合句（which, who） The Power of Music Compared with other forms of art, music has a unique ability to touch the soul instantly. It is not just entertainment—it is a force that shapes our emotions, thoughts, and even identities. Not only does music bring comfort during hard times, but also it enhances joy in happy moments. Used as a therapy, music has been proven to reduce anxiety and depression, helping patients recover faster. For instance, my grandfather, who suffered from Alzheimer’s, would light up whenever he heard the old folk songs from his youth—those melodies unlocked memories that medicine could not reach. Moreover, music serves as a universal language, which breaks down cultural barriers. A symphony played in Beijing can be just as moving in Vienna, because rhythm and harmony speak to everyone. In conclusion, music is a gift that enriches our lives in countless ways. Only by appreciating its power can we fully experience the beauty it brings to the world. 范文二（记叙文——一次难忘的合唱比赛） 题目：An Unforgettable Choir Competition 语法亮点：非谓语（Standing on, Filled with）、倒装（Never had）、主从复合句（which, when, although） An Unforgettable Choir Competition Standing on the stage, with hundreds of eyes fixed on us, I felt my heart pound like a drum. It was the final of the city choir competition, which our school team had prepared for over three months. Never had I experienced such a mixture of nervousness and excitement. Our conductor raised his baton, and we began to sing "You Raise Me Up." Filled with emotion, our voices blended perfectly, rising and falling like ocean waves. I glanced at my teammates—everyone’s eyes sparkled with tears, when we reached the most moving part of the song. The audience stood up and applauded, which made us realize we had touched their hearts too. Although we didn’t win the first prize, that moment of unity and emotional release was more valuable than any trophy. This experience taught me that music, when shared, creates invisible bonds among people. That night, I learned that the true power of music lies not in perfection, but in connection. 范文赏析 1.范文一：采用议论文结构，逻辑清晰。非谓语“Compared with”引入对比，“Used as”说明功能；倒装“Not only...but also”强调音乐的双重价值；定语从句“who suffered”和“that medicine could not reach”丰富细节；条件倒装“Only by...can we”强化结尾呼吁。全文论点鲜明，例证感人。 2.范文二：以记叙文体裁呈现，画面感强。非谓语“Standing on”开篇营造现场感，“Filled with”描绘情绪；倒装“Never had”突出紧张心情；状语从句“when”和让步状语“Although”增强叙事波动；定语从句“which made us realize”和表语从句“that music...creates bonds”体现复合句多样性。 3.两篇范文均包含至少三处高考加分结构，语言生动，内容真实，适合背诵并迁移到“一次音乐演出”“一首难忘的歌”等类似题目中。 使用建议： ① 打印本清单后，先通读“话题分析”和“写作框架”，明确不同体裁的应对策略； ② 重点记忆“黄金句式”，并尝试用每个句式写一个关于音乐的新句子； ③ 背诵范文时，用荧光笔标出非谓语、倒装和主从复合句，体会其效果； ④ 限时15分钟，根据题目（如“推荐一首歌给朋友”或“音乐教育的重要性”）仿写一篇，运用本清单素材。 【易错点01 过去分词（短语）作状语】 【一句话辨异】 Seen from the top of the concert hall, the stage looks like a grand piano; inspired by the beautiful melody, the audience burst into applause; faced with such a wonderful performance, everyone felt moved. 从音乐厅顶部看，舞台看起来像一架大钢琴；受到优美旋律的鼓舞，观众爆发出掌声；面对如此精彩的表演，每个人都深受感动。 【助记口诀】 过去分词作状语，被动完成是根基； 逻辑主语要一致，主语承受动作体； 时间/原因/条件/让步，伴随/方式都可以； 连词可留分词替，being done 常省略去。 【错因辨析】 过去分词（短语）作状语是本单元的核心语法重点，表示被动或完成的动作。 一、核心原则 过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，且主语与分词之间是被动关系（主语是分词动作的承受者）。 二、常见功能 功能 相当于 示例 时间状语 when / after + 从句 Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 原因状语 because / as + 从句 Exhausted by the rehearsal, they decided to rest. 条件状语 if + 从句 Given more time, I could finish the song. 让步状语 though / although + 从句 Defeated many times, he still kept trying. 伴随状语 and + 并列句 She walked onto the stage, followed by her band. 三、四大易错点 ❌ 易错1：逻辑主语不一致 - ❌ 错误：Seen from space, we can see the Earth is blue.（we 不能被“从太空看”） - ✅ 正确：Seen from space, the Earth looks blue.（地球被从太空看） ❌ 易错2：混淆过去分词与现在分词作状语 - 过去分词（done）：与主语是被动关系（主语被……） - Told the news, she cried.（她被告诉这个消息） - 现在分词（doing）：与主语是主动关系（主语主动做……） - Hearing the news, she cried.（她主动听到这个消息） ❌ 易错3：忽略被动含义，误用主动形式 - ❌ 错误：Comparing with yours, my effort seems small. - ✅ 正确：Compared with yours, my effort seems small.（我的努力被拿来比较） ❌ 易错4：与被动语态混淆——过去分词作状语时没有独立的主谓结构，仅是一个短语 - 被动语态：The window was broken by the boy.（有完整主谓结构，强调动作） - 过去分词作状语：Broken by the boy, the window needs repairing.（分词短语作原因状语） 【对点训练】 （ ）1. ______ from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks like a beautiful garden. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Having seen D. To see 【答案】B 【解析】句意“从山顶看，整座城市看起来像一座美丽的花园”。see 与句子主语 the city 之间为被动关系（城市被看），应用过去分词 Seen 作状语。A 为现在分词表主动；C 为现在分词的完成式；D 为不定式。故选B。 （ ）2. ______ by the moving music, the audience couldn’t help crying. A. Touching B. Touch C. Touched D. To touch 【答案】C 【解析】句意“被动人的音乐感动，观众忍不住哭了”。touch 与主语 the audience 之间为被动关系（观众被感动），应用过去分词 Touched 作状语。A 为现在分词表主动“令人感动的”；B 为动词原形；D 为不定式。故选C。 （ ）3. ______ in a famous music school, the young pianist has won many international awards. A. Trained B. Training C. Being trained D. Having trained 【答案】A 【解析】句意“在一所著名的音乐学校受过训练，这位年轻的钢琴家赢得了许多国际奖项”。train 与主语 the young pianist 之间为被动关系（他被训练），且动作已完成，用过去分词 Trained 作原因状语。B、D 为主动形式；C 为被动进行时，不符合“已受过训练”的语境。故选A。 【易错点02 be known as / be known for / be known to 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 The famous musician is known as a great composer for his beautiful symphonies to millions of people around the world. 这位著名音乐家作为一名伟大的作曲家，因他优美的交响乐而为全世界数百万人所知。 【助记口诀】 be known as“作为”身份显，be known for“因为”特点传； be known to“为……所知”后面接人记心间。 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 后接内容 示例 be known as 作为……而著名 身份/职业/称号 Mozart is known as a musical genius. 莫扎特作为音乐天才而闻名。 be known for 因……而著名 特点/成就/原因 He is known for his amazing piano skills. 他因惊人的钢琴技巧而闻名。 be known to 为……所知 人或群体 The singer is known to teenagers. 这位歌手为青少年所熟知。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. Beethoven is ______ one of the greatest musicians ______ his wonderful symphonies. A. known as; for B. known for; as C. known to; for D. known as; to 【答案】A 【解析】句意“贝多芬作为最伟大的音乐家之一，因他精彩的交响乐而闻名”。第一空“作为……而闻名”用 known as；第二空“因……而闻名”用 known for。故选A。 （ ）2. The young pianist is ______ almost everyone ______ her excellent performance in the international competition. A. known to; for B. known as; to C. known for; as D. known to; as 【答案】A 【解析】句意“这位年轻的钢琴家因在国际比赛中的出色表现而为几乎所有人所知”。be known to 后接人“为……所知”；be known for 后接原因“因……而闻名”。故选A。 【易错点03 dream of / dream about / dream that 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 I often dream of becoming a famous singer, and last night I dreamed about performing on a big stage; I dreamed that I was welcomed by thousands of fans. 我经常梦想成为一名著名歌手，昨晚我梦见了在大舞台上表演；我梦到我受到了成千上万粉丝的欢迎。 【助记口诀】 dream of“梦想”表愿望，dream about“梦见”是睡觉； dream that 接从句，三种用法要记牢。 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 用法 示例 dream of (doing) sth. 梦想；渴望 表愿望/志向，后接名词或动名词 I dream of being a musician. 我梦想成为一名音乐家。 dream about (doing) sth. 梦见；梦到 表睡眠中梦见，后接名词或动名词 I dreamed about my favorite singer last night. 我昨晚梦见了最喜欢的歌手。 dream that + 从句 梦想/梦见 两种含义皆可，由语境判断 She dreamed that she won the competition. 她梦到她赢了比赛。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. When I was a child, I always ______ becoming a great pianist like Lang Lang. A. dreamed about B. dreamed of C. dreamt that D. dreamt with 【答案】B 【解析】句意“当我还是个孩子的时候，我总是梦想成为像郎朗一样伟大的钢琴家”。此处表示“梦想、渴望”成为钢琴家，应用 dream of。dream about 侧重“梦见”；dream that 后接从句。故选B。 （ ）2. She ______ she was flying in the sky like a bird in her dream last night. A. dreamed about B. dreamed of C. dreamed that D. was dreaming 【答案】C 【解析】句意“她昨晚在梦中梦见自己在天空中像鸟一样飞翔”。后接从句 she was flying...，应用 dream that。故选C。 【易错点04 attach...to / be attached to 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 I attach great importance to learning music theory, and I am deeply attached to the piano, which has been with me for ten years. 我非常重视学习音乐理论，而且我深爱着那架陪伴了我十年的钢琴。 【助记口诀】 attach...to“把……附/重视”，be attached to“依恋/喜爱/附属于”； to 是介词后接名，两种用法要分清。 【错因辨析】 1. attach...to... 把……附在……上；认为……有（重要性等） - 常见搭配：attach importance / significance / value to 认为……重要 - 例句：We should attach great importance to protecting traditional music. 我们应该非常重视保护传统音乐。 2. be attached to 依恋；喜爱；附属于 - 表示一种状态——对某人/某物的深厚感情，或某物附属关系 - 例句：She is deeply attached to the old guitar her father gave her. 她深爱着父亲给她的那把旧吉他。 3. 易错点： - attach ... to 中的 to 是介词，后接名词/动名词 - ❌ 错误：attach importance to do sth. - ✅ 正确：attach importance to doing sth. 【对点训练】 （ ）1. In our school, great importance ______ the education of music and art. A. is attached to B. attaches to C. attached to D. is attaching to 【答案】A 【解析】句意“在我们学校，音乐和艺术教育受到高度重视”。“attach importance to...”的被动形式为“importance is attached to...”，表示“……受到重视”。故选A。 （ ）2. The little girl ______ the teddy bear her grandmother gave her and takes it everywhere. A. attaches to B. is attached to C. attached to D. attaching to 【答案】B 【解析】句意“这个小女孩深爱着祖母给她的泰迪熊，走到哪里都带着”。表示“依恋、喜爱”用 be attached to，描述一种状态。故选B。 【易错点05 earn / win / gain 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 I attach great importance to learning music theory, and I am deeply attached to the piano, which has been with me for ten years. 我非常重视学习音乐理论，而且我深爱着那架陪伴了我十年的钢琴。 【助记口诀】 earn 挣钱靠劳动，win 赢奖在赛中； gain 获得重过程，经验知识都能用。 【错因辨析】 动词 含义 常见宾语 示例 earn 挣得；赢得 money / living / respect / reputation He earns a good salary. 他挣一份好薪水。 win （在比赛/战争中）赢 game / prize / award / war / support She won the singing competition. 她赢了歌唱比赛。 gain 获得；增加 experience / knowledge / weight / time I gained a lot from the music class. 我从音乐课上学到了很多。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. After years of hard work, the band finally ______ fame and fortune. A. won B. earned C. gained D. took 【答案】B 【解析】句意“经过多年的努力，这个乐队终于赢得了名声和财富”。“赢得名声和财富”常用 earn fame and fortune，强调通过努力获得。win 侧重比赛奖项；gain 侧重经验知识。故选B。 （ ）2. The young singer ______ the first prize in the national music competition and ______ much confidence. A. won; gained B. earned; won C. gained; earned D. won; earned 【答案】A 【解析】句意“这位年轻歌手在全国音乐比赛中赢得了一等奖，也获得了很大的信心”。赢比赛奖项用 win；获得信心/经验用 gain。故选A。 一、单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 根据汉语提示或首字母提示，写出本单元所学单词的正确形式。 1. She has a great love for c________ music, especially the works by Beethoven. 2. The b________ will give their first live performance in the city stadium next week. 3. Playing a musical i________ requires years of practice and patience. 4. The young m________ is known for his unique style of composing songs. 5. His latest a________ has sold over a million copies since it was released last month. 6. We were deeply moved by the l________ of the song, which tells a story of true love. 7. Thousands of f________ gathered outside the concert hall to wait for their favorite singer. 8. Jazz originated in America and is now popular all over the ________ (世界). 9. Learning to play the piano has brought her a lot of ________ (快乐) and relaxation. 10. The singer’s ________ (先前的) album was a great success, and fans are expecting her new one. 【答案】 1. classical 2. band 3. instrument 4. musician 5. album 6. lyrics 7. fans 8. world 9. joy 10. previous 二、词形变化填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. ________ (found) in 2005, the band has won numerous awards for their excellent music. 2. ________ (listen) to soft music can help reduce stress and improve sleep quality. 3. The little girl showed a great talent for music when she ________ (be) only four years old. 4. I prefer music that ________ (have) meaningful lyrics and beautiful melodies. 5. She was so ________ (attract) by the music that she forgot to finish her homework. 6. It is said that this piece of music was ________ (compose) by a young musician in the 1990s. 7. Playing musical instruments is a good way to develop children’s ________ (create) thinking. 8. The singer is famous for ________ (sing) songs that reflect people’s daily lives. 9. We were all deeply ________ (touch) by the emotional performance of the pianist. 10. The number of people who enjoy folk music ________ (be) increasing year by year. 【答案】 1. Founded 2. Listening 3. was 4. has 5. attracted 6. composed 7. creative 8. singing 9. touched 10. is 三、选词填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 从方框中选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空。 | for the first time | join in | ever since | as we all know | get through | | fall in love with | remind...of | come up with | dance to | graduate from | 1. It is hard to see how people will ________ the winter. 2. ________, music is a universal language that connects people from all cultures. 3. The beautiful melody ________ me ________ my childhood. 4. ________ he was absorbed in music, he has made much more progress. 5. The composer ________ a good idea for the new symphony. 6. The audience couldn’t help ________ the lively rhythm of the band. 7. Yesterday I went to the concert ________ and I determined to go again when I was free. 8. He wanted to invite her to ________ the music project. 9. She ________ Cambridge with a degree in music. 10. When the young pianist performed, many people ________ his music. 【答案】 1. get through 2. As we all know 3. reminds; of 4. Ever since 5. came up with 6. dance to 7. for the first time 8. join in 9. graduated from 10. fell in love with 四、单句语法填空（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语 ________________ (被……深深感动) by the music, she couldn’t help crying. 2. 句型公式：Though/When + 过去分词（省略结构） Though ________ ________ (警告了) of the danger, he still went to the concert despite the storm. 3. 句型公式：find + 宾语 + 宾补（过去分词） When I entered the hall, I ________ ________ ________ ________ (发现许多人已经被吸引) by the performance. 4. 句型公式：with + 宾语 + 现在分词 ________ ________ ________ ________ (随着音乐播放), we couldn’t help dancing together. 5. 句型公式：It is + adj. + that... ________ ________ ________ (……是很重要的) we expose ourselves to different types of music to broaden our horizons. 【答案】 1. Deeply moved 2. warned of 3. found many people attracted 4. With the music playing 5. It is important that 五、课文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Good morning, my name is Sarah. It’s an honor to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an influence 1.________ my life. Have you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all? Two years ago, I 2.________ (tell) I had a serious disease 3.________ was difficult to cure. My body ached all the time and thus I thought I didn’t have much longer to live. I was very afraid and I felt so alone and 4.________ (discourage). Then one day, I had to go through a two-hour 5.________ (medicine) treatment. The doctor wanted me 6.________ (relax), so he had me listen to some music. 7.________ (honest) speaking, that music made me feel much better. It helped me forget my pain and gave me 8.________ (confident) to fight against the disease. From then on, music 9.________ (become) a part of my life. It has helped me 10.________ (recover) both physically and mentally. I hope all of you can also find strength in music when you face difficulties. 【答案】 1. on 2. was told 3. that/which 4. discouraged 5. medical 6. to relax 7. Honestly 8. confidence 9. has become 10. recover 六、阅读理解（共2篇，8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A [2026·原创·音乐的力量] Music is more than just entertainment. It has the power to heal, inspire, and connect people across cultures and generations. Scientists have long been studying how music affects the human brain and body, and the results are truly remarkable. One of the most well-known effects of music is its ability to reduce stress. When we listen to calming music, our bodies release less cortisol (皮质醇), the stress hormone. Slow-tempo music with soft melodies can lower heart rate and blood pressure, helping us feel more relaxed. Many hospitals now use music therapy to help patients recover from surgery or manage chronic pain. Music also has a powerful impact on memory. Have you ever heard a song from your childhood and suddenly remembered vivid details of that time? This is because music activates multiple areas of the brain, including those responsible for memory and emotion. For people with Alzheimer’s disease, familiar music can sometimes bring back memories that seemed lost forever. Furthermore, learning to play a musical instrument offers additional benefits. Studies show that children who learn music tend to perform better in subjects like math and language. Playing an instrument improves hand-eye coordination, concentration, and discipline. It also boosts self-esteem when learners master a new piece. Perhaps most importantly, music brings people together. Whether it‘s singing in a choir, dancing at a concert, or simply sharing a playlist with friends, music creates bonds that transcend language and cultural barriers. In a world that often feels divided, music remains a universal language that speaks to all of us. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Music is only for entertainment purposes. B. Music has various positive effects on human beings. C. Learning music is difficult for most children. D. Music therapy is only used in hospitals. 2. How does calming music help reduce stress? A. By increasing heart rate. B. By releasing more cortisol. C. By lowering cortisol levels and heart rate. D. By making people fall asleep. 3. Why does music help people with Alzheimer‘s disease? A. Because it cures the disease completely. B. Because it activates memory-related areas of the brain. C. Because it is a new type of medical treatment. D. Because it is easy to remember. 4. According to the passage, what benefits can children gain from learning music? A. Better performance in math and language. B. Improved hand-eye coordination. C. Increased self-esteem. D. All of the above. 【答案】 1. B【解析】主旨大意题。文章从减压、改善记忆、提升学习能力和促进社交等多个方面阐述了音乐的积极作用。 2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“our bodies release less cortisol...can lower heart rate and blood pressure”可知。 3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“music activates multiple areas of the brain, including those responsible for memory”可知。 4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“perform better in subjects like math and language...improves hand-eye coordination...boosts self-esteem”可知，A、B、C三项均为学习音乐的好处。 B [2026·原创·虚拟合唱团] In the digital age, technology has transformed the way we create and experience music. One of the most remarkable innovations is the virtual choir, which allows singers from all over the world to perform together without ever meeting in person. The concept of the virtual choir was popularized by Eric Whitacre, a Grammy-winning composer. In 2009, he posted a video of himself conducting a piece called “Lux Aurumque” and invited singers to submit their own recordings. To his surprise, he received over 180 videos from singers in 12 different countries. He combined these recordings into a single performance, creating the world’s first virtual choir. Since then, virtual choirs have grown in popularity. They offer several advantages over traditional choirs. First, they remove geographical barriers. Anyone with an internet connection and a recording device can participate, regardless of where they live. Second, they provide flexibility. Singers can record their parts at their own convenience, making it easier for people with busy schedules to join. Third, virtual choirs promote diversity, bringing together voices from different cultures and backgrounds. However, virtual choirs also face challenges. One major difficulty is synchronizing (同步) the recordings. Because each singer records separately, it takes careful editing to ensure everyone sings at the same tempo and rhythm. Another challenge is the lack of real-time interaction. In a traditional choir, singers can respond to each other and the conductor instantly, creating a sense of unity that is harder to achieve online. Despite these challenges, virtual choirs have opened up new possibilities for musical collaboration. They have made choral singing more accessible and inclusive, proving that music truly has no borders. 5. Who popularized the virtual choir? A. A famous pop singer. B. Eric Whitacre, a Grammy-winning composer. C. A technology company. D. An online video platform. 6. What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of virtual choirs? A. Removing geographical barriers. B. Providing flexibility in recording. C. Offering higher pay for singers. D. Promoting cultural diversity. 7. What is one challenge faced by virtual choirs? A. Finding enough singers to participate. B. Synchronizing recordings from different singers. C. Getting permission to use the music. D. Finding a suitable concert hall. 8. What is the author‘s attitude towards virtual choirs? A. Negative. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Critical. 【答案】 5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“The concept of the virtual choir was popularized by Eric Whitacre”可知。 6. C【解析】细节理解题。文章第三段提到了A、B、D三项优势，未提及“为歌手提供更高报酬”。 7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“One major difficulty is synchronizing the recordings”可知。 8. C【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段“virtual choirs have opened up new possibilities...more accessible and inclusive”可知作者持积极态度。 七、七选五（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music has a strong influence on us. Different types of music have different effects. 1.________ It can help us concentrate better and get things done more efficiently. Have you ever noticed that when you listen to fast-paced music, you feel more energetic? 2.________ That’s why many people listen to upbeat music when they exercise or work out. On the other hand, slow and soft music can help us relax. 3.________ Many people listen to this kind of music before going to bed to help them fall asleep. Music also affects our emotions. 4.________ When we feel sad, listening to sad music can actually make us feel better because it helps us express our feelings. 5.________ Different cultures have their own unique musical styles, and sharing music can help us understand and appreciate each other better. A. That‘s because fast music can increase our heart rate and energy levels. B. For example, fast-paced music can make us feel more awake and active. C. Music is also a way to connect with others. D. All music sounds the same to most people. E. It can lower our blood pressure and reduce stress. F. Happy music can make us feel joyful, while sad music can make us feel blue. G. Music has no effect on our daily lives. 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. E 4. F 5. C 八、书面表达（共1题，15分） 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办以“The Power of Music”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿： 1. 音乐在你生活中的作用； 2. 音乐给你带来的一次难忘经历； 3. 你对音乐的看法或感悟。 注意： - 词数100词左右； - 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； - 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 The Power of Music Music has always been an important part of my life. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The Power of Music Music has always been an important part of my life. It serves as a safe shelter where I can always find comfort and strength. I still remember the day when I failed my mid-term exam. I felt extremely depressed and stayed silent for hours. Then I turned on my favorite song, You Raise Me Up. The moment the melody began, I felt a wave of warmth in my heart. The lyrics reminded me that I should never give up, no matter how hard life gets. That piece of music gave me the courage to stand up again and move forward with renewed determination. From this experience, I have come to realize that music is more than entertainment. It heals, inspires, and connects people. Whenever I feel lost, music is always there to guide me back. I believe everyone should find a piece of music that speaks to their soul. 解析 【思路点拨】 本篇书面表达是一篇征文投稿，属于记叙文。要求考生就音乐在生活中的作用、一次难忘经历及个人感悟展开叙述。文章应以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。写作时需情感真挚，经历具体，感悟深刻。 【结构布局】 开头：概括音乐在生活中的重要地位 中心：叙述一次通过音乐走出低谷的难忘经历 结尾：总结对音乐的认识与感悟 【高分词汇】 ① a safe shelter（一个安全的庇护所） ② a wave of warmth（一阵暖流） ③ rise to the challenge（迎接挑战） ④ with renewed determination（以重新燃起的决心） ⑤ heal, inspire, and connect（治愈、激励和连接） ⑥ speak to one's soul（触动某人的灵魂） 【高分句型】 ① It serves as a safe shelter where I can always find comfort and strength.（`where`引导定语从句，修饰`shelter`） ② I still remember the day when I failed my mid-term exam.（`when`引导定语从句，修饰`the day`） ③ The moment the melody began, I felt a wave of warmth in my heart.（`The moment`引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”） ④ From this experience, I have come to realize that music is more than entertainment.（`that`引导宾语从句；`more than`表示“不仅仅”） 【拓展词汇】 ① emotional release（情感释放） ② lift one's spirits（提振精神） ③ stay optimistic（保持乐观） ④ a source of inspiration（灵感的源泉） ⑤ universal language（通用语言） 【拓展句型】 ① What touched me most was not the melody itself, but the lyrics that reminded me to keep going despite the setbacks.（最触动我的不是旋律本身，而是那提醒我在挫折中继续前进的歌词。）（`what`引导主语从句；`that`引导定语从句） ② Not until I turned on the music did I realize how much I needed that moment of peace.（直到我打开音乐，我才意识到自己是多么需要那片刻的宁静。）（`Not until`置于句首引起的部分倒装；`how much`引导宾语从句） 同类话题补充作文题 题目1：我最喜欢的一首歌 你校英文报开展以“My Favorite Song”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：（1）介绍你最喜欢的一首歌（名称、歌手）；（2）你喜欢的理由；（3）这首歌对你的影响。词数100左右。 题目2：音乐与情绪 你校心理社举办以“Music and Emotions”为主题的分享会。请你写一篇发言稿，分享音乐如何影响你的情绪，以及你如何通过音乐调节心情。词数100左右。 题目3：校园音乐节 你校即将举办一年一度的校园音乐节。请你写一篇英文通知，内容包括：（1）活动时间与地点；（2）活动内容（乐队表演、合唱比赛等）；（3）号召同学们积极参加。词数100左右。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit5 Music 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.virtual adj. ________ 2.composition n. ________ 3.studio n. ________ 4.composer n. ________ 5.conductor n. ________ 6.phenomenon (pl.phenomena) n. ________ 7.rap n. ________ vi.& vt. ________ 8.romantic adj. ________ n. ________ 9.album n. ________ 10.repetition n. ________ 11.simile n. ________ 12.outline n.& vt. ________ 二、写作词汇： 1. ________ n. 灵魂;心灵 2. ________ adv. (用以强调)全部;总共 3. ________ adv. 如此;因此 4. ________ n. 乐队;带子 5. ________ adv. 现在;目前 6. ________ vt. & n. 治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题) 药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施 7. ________ adj. 先前的;以往的 8. ________ n. 巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力 9. ________ n. & vi. & vt. 目的;目标 力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 目的是;旨在 10. ________ vi. & n. 疼痛 11. ________ vt. 依靠;倾斜 12. ________ n. 身心;存在;生物 13. ________ adv. 以某种方式(或方法);不知怎么地 三、词汇变形： 1. ____________ n.能源;能量;精力→____________ adj.精力充沛的 2. ____________ vi.& vt.表演;履行;执行→____________ n.表演;演技;表现→____________ n.表演者;演员 3. ____________ vt.使能够;使可能→____________ adj.有能力的→____________ n.能力→____________ vt.使丧失能力;使残疾→____________ n.残疾;缺陷→____________ adj.不能的;没有能力的 4. ____________ vt.证明;展现→____________ n.证据 5. ____________ adj.原来的;独创的;原作的 n.原件;原作→____________ adv.最初;原来→____________ n.起源 6. ____________ adj.逐渐的;渐进的→____________ adv.逐渐地 7. ____________ adj.有能力的;有才能的→____________ adj.没有能力的→____________ n.容量;能力 8. ____________ n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱→____________ vt.使减轻;缓解→____________ adj.轻松的;解脱的 9. ____________ adj.失业的;待业的→____________ vt.雇用;利用→____________ n.就业;使用;雇用;工作→____________ n.雇主→____________ n.雇员 10. ____________ n.设备;装备→____________ vt.装备;配备 11. ____________ n.天才;天资;天赋→____________ adj.有天赋的;天才的 12. ____________ n.钢琴→____________ n.钢琴家 13. ____________ vt.以为;假设→____________ n.假设;推断→____________ conj.假设;假定 14. ____________ n.添加;加法;增加物→____________ adj.附加的;另外的→____________ vt.添加;增加 15. ____________ n.治疗;对待;处理→____________ vt.治疗;对待;招待 n.乐趣;款待 16. ____________ n.满足;满意;欣慰→____________ vt.使满意→____________ adj.满意的→____________ adj.令人满意的→____________ adj.令人满意的 17. ____________ adj.各种不同的;各种各样的→____________ n.多样性→____________ v.变化 18. ____________ n.重复;重做→____________ vt.重复 19. ____________ n.反应;回应→____________ vi.(对……)作出反应 四、拓展词汇 1.________ 爱上 2.________ sth/sb 被……吸引住;专心致志 3.________ 安装好(设备或机器);成立;创立 4.________ 参加……选拔(或试演) 5.________ (to sb/sth) 除……以外(还) 6.________ 从(那)时起 7.________ (设法)处理;完成;打通(电话);通过;用完;度过(困难时期) 8.________ 触动某人的心灵 9.________ sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事 10.________ 毕业于 五、熟词生义 1. form 常见义项：n. 形式；表格 生义：v. 组成；组建；形成 ▶ 教材语境：They formed a band in 2018 and quickly became popular.（他们于2018年组建了一支乐队，并迅速走红。） ▶ 常见义项例句：Fill in the form with your personal information.（用你的个人信息填写表格。） ▶ 生义例句：A plan began to form in her mind.（一个计划开始在她脑海中形成。） 2. rock 常见义项：n. 岩石；摇滚乐 生义：v. （使）摇晃；震动 ▶ 教材语境：rock n. 岩石；摇滚乐 v. 摇晃；震动 ▶ 常见义项例句：The mountain is covered with huge rocks.（这座山覆盖着巨大的岩石。） ▶ 生义例句：The boat rocked gently on the water.（船在水面上轻轻摇晃。） 3. hit 常见义项：v. 打击；碰撞 生义：n. 成功；热门作品（如歌曲、电影等） ▶ 教材语境：Their first single was a huge hit.（他们的第一首单曲大获成功。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He hit his head on the door.（他的头撞到了门上。） ▶ 生义例句：The song became a hit all over the world.（这首歌风靡全球。） 4. record 常见义项：n. 记录；唱片 /ˈrekɔːd/ 生义：v. 录制；记录 /rɪˈkɔːd/ ▶ 教材语境：They went to the studio to record their new album.（他们去录音室录制新专辑。） ▶ 常见义项例句：She broke the world record for the 100 meter dash.（她打破了100米短跑的世界纪录。） ▶ 生义例句：We need to record every detail of the experiment.（我们需要记录实验的每个细节。） 5. play 常见义项：v. 玩耍；演奏（乐器） 生义：n. 戏剧；剧本 ▶ 教材语境：play n. 戏剧；剧本 v. 玩耍；演奏 ▶ 常见义项例句：He likes to play the guitar in his free time.（他喜欢在空闲时间弹吉他。） ▶ 生义例句：Shakespeare’s plays are still popular today.（莎士比亚的戏剧如今依然受欢迎。） 6. case 常见义项：n. 情况；案例 生义：n. 容器；盒子（如琴盒、行李箱） ▶ 教材语境：He carried his violin case into the concert hall.（他提着小提琴盒走进音乐厅。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This is a special case that requires careful consideration.（这是一个需要仔细考虑的特殊情况。） ▶ 生义例句：She packed her clothes into a small case.（她把衣服装进一个小箱子里。） 7. tap 常见义项：v. 轻敲；轻拍 生义：n. 水龙头 ▶ 教材语境：Don’t leave the tap running when you brush your teeth.（刷牙时不要让水龙头一直开着。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He tapped me on the shoulder to get my attention.（他轻拍我的肩膀以引起我的注意。） 8. concert 常见义项：n. 音乐会 生义：n. 和谐；一致（书面语） ▶ 教材语境：The colors in the painting are in perfect concert.（这幅画的色彩十分和谐。） ▶ 常见义项例句：They bought tickets for the rock concert.（他们买了摇滚音乐会的门票。） 写作 句型 句型公式 1：as 引导非限制性定语从句（正如……） 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 句型公式 2：it’s an honour to do sth（做某事感到非常荣幸） 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 句型公式 3：way 作先行词的定语从句（……的方式/途径） 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 译文：________________________________________________________________________ 语法 过去分词作表语和状语 写作 写一篇关于学习传统乐器经历的短文 1、 知识点精讲 [1. stringed adj. 有弦的] 【教材原句】： stringed instrument（出自教材Unit 5词汇表，在词汇表中与instrument搭配为stringed instrument弦乐器） 【归纳拓展】： stringed instrument 弦乐器 string n. 线；绳；一串；弦 string quartet 弦乐四重奏 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Our school music club is planning to buy some stringed instruments, and we would appreciate your advice on the selection. - 读后续写： Seated by the window, the old man gently played his stringed instrument, the soft melody carrying memories of his youth through the quiet night. 【易混辨析】： stringed 指“有弦的”，专门用于描述带有琴弦的乐器，如小提琴、吉他等。 wind 指“管乐的”，通过吹气发声的乐器，如长笛、小号等。 percussion 指“打击乐的”，通过敲击发声的乐器，如鼓、钹等。 典型例句对比： - stringed: The violin is a beautiful stringed instrument. - wind: She plays the flute, a typical wind instrument. - percussion: The drums are the most common percussion instruments. 【单句语法填空】： ① The ______ (string) instrument produces a beautiful sound that is very different from wind instruments. ② She is learning to play several ______ (string) instruments, including the violin and the guitar. ③ The concert featured a variety of ______ (string) and wind instruments. [2. composition n. 成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品] 【教材原句】： The place where he studied musical composition.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： musical composition 音乐作品；乐曲 compose vt. 作曲；创作；组成 composer n. 作曲者；作曲家 be composed of 由……组成 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing to recommend a musical composition that I believe would be perfect for our school‘s upcoming art festival. - 读后续写： Having composed the melody in just one night, the young musician could hardly contain his excitement when the audience burst into thunderous applause. 【易混辨析】： composition 指“作品”，强调创作的结果，尤指音乐、文学或艺术作品；也可指“成分、构成”。 piece 指“（艺术）作品”，常用于音乐、绘画、文学等，如a piece of music。 work 指“作品”，范围最广，可指文学、艺术、音乐等领域的杰出创作。 典型例句对比： - composition: This musical composition was written by Mozart. - piece: The orchestra played a beautiful piece by Beethoven. - work: This painting is one of Picasso‘s greatest works. 【单句语法填空】： ① Beethoven is one of the greatest ______ (compose) in the history of Western music. ② The band is ______ (compose) of five talented musicians from different countries. ③ She spent months writing a new musical ______ (compose) for the orchestra. [3. perform vi. & vt. 表演；履行；执行] 【教材原句】： Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： perform one‘s duty/promise 履行某人的责任/诺言 perform well/badly 表现得好/差 performance n. 表演；表现 performer n. 表演者；演员 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing to invite you to perform at our school's annual New Year's concert, which will be held in the auditorium on December 30th. - 读后续写： Although she had never performed in front of such a large audience before, the young singer stepped onto the stage with a confident smile. 【易混辨析】： perform 指“表演”，强调在观众面前展示才艺；也可指“履行、执行（任务、职责）”。 act 指“表演、扮演”，特指戏剧、电影中的角色表演。 play 指“演奏（乐器）”或“扮演（角色）”，也指“玩耍”。 典型例句对比： - perform: The band will perform at the music festival next week. - act: She is going to act the role of Juliet in the school play. - play: He can play the piano very well. 【单句语法填空】： ① The band will ______ (perform) at the music festival next weekend. ② Her ______ (perform) in the competition impressed all the judges. ③ The soldier was praised for ______ (perform) his duty bravely. [4. enable vt. 使能够；使可能] 【教材原句】： A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.（出自教材第52页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 able adj. 有能力的；能干的 ability n. 能力；才能 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Participating in this volunteer program will enable you to gain valuable experience and develop essential life skills. - 读后续写： The kind stranger‘s timely help enabled the lost child to find his way back home, and tears of gratitude streamed down his mother’s face. 【易混辨析】： enable 指“使能够”，强调为某人提供条件、机会或能力去做某事，后接复合宾语（宾语+to do）。 allow 指“允许”，强调不阻止、给予许可，不一定提供能力。 let 指“让”，语气最口语化，常用于日常口语。 典型例句对比： - enable: The scholarship enabled him to study abroad. - allow: Her parents don‘t allow her to stay out late. - let: Please let me know if you need any help. 【单句语法填空】： ① The scholarship ______ (enable) him to continue his studies abroad. ② Regular exercise enables people ______ (stay) healthy and energetic. ③ The new software ______ (able) users to edit videos more easily. [5. capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的] 【教材原句】： Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions.（出自教材第54页阅读课文"THE VIRTUAL CHOIR"） 【归纳拓展】： be capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 capability n. 能力；才能 incapable adj. 没有能力的；不能的（反义词） 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I believe I am capable of organizing this event successfully, as I have gained relevant experience from previous volunteer work. - 读后续写： Capable of solving the most difficult math problems, the shy boy found himself completely at a loss when it came to expressing his feelings to others. 【易混辨析】： capable 指“有能力的”，强调具备做某事所需的能力或素质，常与of连用。 able 指“有能力的”，强调通过知识、技能或机会能够做某事，常与to do连用。 competent 指“胜任的”，强调具备足够技能或资格来完成任务，常用于正式语境。 典型例句对比： - capable: She is capable of handling this difficult situation. - able: He is able to speak three languages fluently. - competent: She is a competent teacher who knows how to manage her class. 【单句语法填空】： ① He is ______ (capable) of finishing the task within two days. ② Her ______ (capable) as a leader was recognized by all the team members. ③ The injured bird was ______ (capable) of flying, so we took it home to take care of it. [6. relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；宽慰；解脱] 【教材原句】： Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief and cure for his illness.（出自教材第54页） 【归纳拓展】： in relief 如释重负；松了口气 to one‘s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 relieve vt. 减轻；缓解；解除 relieved adj. 感到宽慰的；放心的 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： To my great relief, all the arrangements for the school sports meeting have been completed ahead of schedule. - 读后续写： To her relief, the missing child was found safe and sound in the library, and she hugged him tightly, tears streaming down her cheeks. 【易混辨析】： relief 指“（痛苦、担忧等的）减轻或消除”，强调从负面情绪中获得解脱。 comfort 指“安慰、慰藉”，强调通过言语或行动使他人心情平复。 ease 指“安逸、舒适”，强调从紧张或费力状态中放松下来。 典型例句对比： - relief: To his great relief, he passed the exam. - comfort: Her kind words brought comfort to the grieving family. - ease: After the final exam, he felt a sense of ease. 【单句语法填空】： ① ______ his relief, he passed the final examination with flying colors. ② The doctor gave him some medicine ______ (relieve) his pain. ③ She felt a sense of ______ (relief) when she finally finished the difficult project. [7. aim n. 目的；目标 vi. & vt. 力求达到；瞄准] 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） 【归纳拓展】： with the aim of 以……为目的 achieve one‘s aim 达到某人的目标 aim to do sth. 力求做某事；旨在做某事 be aimed at 旨在；针对 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Our club was established with the aim of promoting cultural exchange among students from different countries. - 读后续写： Aiming to win the first prize, the young pianist practiced day and night, her fingers dancing across the keys with increasing confidence and skill. 【易混辨析】： aim 指“目标、目的”，强调明确的方向和意图，可作名词或动词。 goal 指“目标”，强调需要长期努力才能达成的最终目的，常用于职业、人生等。 objective 指“客观目标”，强调具体、可衡量的目标，常用于商业、军事或学术领域。 target 指“具体目标”，强调明确的数值或标准，常用于商业、业绩等场景。 典型例句对比： - aim: The main aim of the project is to help the poor. - goal: His ultimate goal is to become a doctor. - objective: The company has achieved all its financial objectives. - target: She set a target of saving $1,000 this year. 【单句语法填空】： ① The new policy is aimed ______ improving the quality of education. ② We should set a clear ______ (aim) before we start the project. ③ The organization aims ______ (provide) free medical care to the poor. [8. assume vt. 以为；假设；认为] 【教材原句】： So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?（出自教材第55页听力部分） 【归纳拓展】： assume sb./sth. to be... 假定某人/某物为…… It is assumed that... 人们认为…… assumption n. 假定；假设 assuming that... 假设……（引导条件状语） 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I assume that you have already received the invitation letter, and I am writing to confirm your attendance at the ceremony. - 读后续写： Assuming that everyone had left the classroom, the little girl quietly took out her lunch and shared it with the stray cat hiding under the desk. 【易混辨析】： assume 指“假设、认为”，强调在没有确凿证据的情况下做出推断。 suppose 指“猜想、料想”，强调基于一定根据的推测，口语中常用。 presume 指“假定、推测”，强调基于可能性或常识的推测，语气较正式。 典型例句对比： - assume: I assume he will come, since he said he would. - suppose: I suppose she is about thirty years old. - presume: The missing man is presumed dead. 【单句语法填空】： ① We ______ (assume) that the meeting would be held on Friday, but it was actually on Monday. ② It ______ (assume) that the ancient city was built over 2,000 years ago. ③ His ______ (assumption) that everyone would agree with him turned out to be wrong. 2、 核心语法精讲 过去分词作表语和状语 【感知·语法规律】 （一）教材原文感知 1."Everyone was excited about the upcoming festival." "excited" 作表语，放在系动词 "was" 后，描述主语 "Everyone" 的状态，“感到兴奋的”。 2. "Built in the 15th century, the temple has a long history." "Built in the 15th century" 作状语，表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 "After it was built in the 15th century"。 3. "Deeply moved by his words, she decided to change her mind." "Deeply moved by his words" 作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句 "Because she was deeply moved by his words"。 （二）高考真题感知 过去分词在高考语法填空中主要考查作定语（频率最高），其次是作宾补和作状语，作表语的考查频率最低。 以下是高考英语语法填空中考查过去分词作表语和状语的一些真题，并且附加了符合高考真题水平的改编题，通过对比来加深对过去分词的每种用法（定语、状语、表语、宾补）的理解。 一、过去分词作表语 1.（2024年新高考Ⅰ卷）In cold weather, the structure stays ______ (close) to protect the plants. 【答案】 closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“stays”后接过去分词“closed”，表示主语“the structure”的状态（关闭的），构成“系表结构”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： Visitors to the garden were amazed by the beautifully ______ (close) design of the glasshouse, which perfectly balanced functionality and aesthetics. 【答案】 closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“close”与名词“design”之间为被动关系（设计方案被确定/封闭），用过去分词“closed”作前置定语，修饰“design”，表示“已被确定的设计方案”。 改编题2（过去分词作状语）： ______ (close) for the winter, the botanical garden's exhibition hall would not reopen until the following spring. 【答案】 Closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语”。动词“close”与逻辑主语“the botanical garden's exhibition hall”之间为被动关系（展览馆被关闭），用过去分词“Closed”作原因状语，表示“因冬季关闭”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： To ensure the safety of the rare plants during the extreme cold snap, the staff kept the glasshouse ______ (close) around the clock. 【答案】 closed 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“kept”后接宾语“the glasshouse”，宾语与补足语“close”之间为被动关系（温室被关闭），用过去分词“closed”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 2.（2021年新高考Ⅱ卷）I was so ______ (excite) when he wrote back to me. 【答案】 excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“was”后接过去分词“excited”，表示主语“I”的心理状态（感到兴奋的），构成“系表结构”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The ______ (excite) children, who had been waiting for the results for weeks, finally learned that their team had won the championship. 【答案】 excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“excite”与名词“children”之间为被动关系（孩子们感到兴奋），用过去分词“excited”作前置定语，修饰“children”。 改编题2（过去分词作状语）： ______ (excite) by the news that the long-lost painting had been recovered, the museum director immediately set out for New York to identify it. 【答案】 Excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语”。动词“excite”与逻辑主语“the museum director”之间为被动关系（馆长被消息所激动），用过去分词“Excited”作原因状语，表示“因激动而……” 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： The announcement of the winner left the entire audience ______ (excite), with cheers and applause echoing throughout the hall. 【答案】 excited 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“left”后接宾语“the entire audience”，宾语与补足语“excite”之间为被动关系（观众被激动），用过去分词“excited”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 二、过去分词作状语 1.（2022年全国甲卷）______ (inspire) by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】 Inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作状语”。动词“inspire”与逻辑主语“Cao”之间为被动关系（曹被论坛启发），用过去分词“Inspired”作原因状语，表示“受到启发后”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The ______ (inspire) young man, who had never traveled beyond his hometown, embarked on a 40-day journey along the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】 inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“inspire”与名词“man”之间为被动关系（年轻人受到启发），用过去分词“inspired”作前置定语，修饰“man”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： Cao felt profoundly ______ (inspire) by the vision of international cooperation, which motivated him to undertake the challenging hike. 【答案】 inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“felt”后接过去分词“inspired”，表示主语“Cao”的心理状态（感到受启发的），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： The documentary about the ancient Silk Road left thousands of viewers ______ (inspire) to explore the cultural heritage along the route. 【答案】 inspired 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“left”后接宾语“thousands of viewers”，宾语与补足语“inspire”之间为被动关系（观众被激励），用过去分词“inspired”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 2.（2023年北京卷）When ______ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语（状语从句省略）”。when引导的状语从句中，主语“the mangrove forests”与动词“see”之间为被动关系，完整形式为“when they are seen from afar”，省略主语和be动词后，填过去分词“seen”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The mangrove forests ______ (see) from the observation deck stretched as far as the eye could reach. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作后置定语”，相当于定语从句“which were seen”。动词“see”与主语“the mangrove forests”之间为被动关系，用过去分词“seen”作后置定语，修饰“the mangrove forests”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： The mangrove forests appear far more splendid when they are ______ (see) against the backdrop of the setting sun. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“are”后接过去分词“seen”，表示主语“the mangrove forests”的状态（被看），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： Tourists often find the mangrove forests ______ (see) at sunrise, when the golden light transforms the landscape into a breathtaking masterpiece. 【答案】 seen 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“find”后接宾语“the mangrove forests”，宾语与补足语“see”之间为被动关系（红树林被看），用过去分词“seen”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 3.（2024年北京卷）And when ______ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作状语（状语从句省略）”。when引导的状语从句中，主语“he”与动词“ask”之间为被动关系，完整形式为“when he was asked”，省略主语和be动词后，填过去分词“asked”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The question ______ (ask) by the journalist turned out to be surprisingly simple to answer. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作后置定语”，相当于定语从句“which was asked”。动词“ask”与“the question”之间为被动关系，用过去分词“asked”作后置定语，修饰“question”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： The elderly gentleman, now 112 years old, felt repeatedly ______ (ask) about his secret to a long and healthy life. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“felt”后接过去分词“asked”，表示主语“the elderly gentleman”的状态（被反复问及），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： The constant media attention left the world's oldest living man ______ (ask) the same question over and over again. 【答案】 asked 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“left”后接宾语“the world's oldest living man”，宾语与补足语“ask”之间为被动关系（他被问及），用过去分词“asked”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 4.（2020年浙江卷1月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ______ (compare) to younger generations. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词短语作状语”，也可视为“插入语”。“compare”与逻辑主语“old generations”之间为被动关系，用过去分词“compared”，表示“与……相比”。 改编题1（过去分词作定语）： The ______ (compare) statistics from the two surveys reveal a widening gap between the economic conditions of different age groups. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作定语”。动词“compare”与名词“statistics”之间为被动关系（数据被比较），用过去分词“compared”作前置定语，修饰“statistics”。 改编题2（过去分词作表语）： The economic conditions of older generations are often ______ (compare) unfavorably with those of younger generations in recent studies. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作表语”。系动词“are”后接过去分词“compared”，表示主语“the economic conditions”的状态（被比较），构成“系表结构”。 改编题3（过去分词作宾补）： Demographic researchers frequently find the living standards of the elderly ______ (compare) to those of younger populations in order to assess social inequality. 【答案】 compared 【解析】 此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”。动词“find”后接宾语“the living standards of the elderly”，宾语与补足语“compare”之间为被动关系（生活水平被比较），用过去分词“compared”作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态。 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）用法分类 过去分词作表语 1.位置与功能：位于系动词（如 be, seem, feel, look, become, remain, get 等）之后，描述主语的状态、特征或感受。此时过去分词形容词化。 例句：He seemed disappointed at the news. （他对消息似乎感到失望。） 例句：The door remained locked. （门仍然是锁着的。） 2.与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语：强调主语所处的状态。 例句：The glass is broken. （玻璃杯是碎的。 状态） 被动语态：强调动作本身。 例句：The glass was broken by Tom. （玻璃杯被汤姆打碎了。 动作） 典例：判断：The store is closed now. (状态) / The store is closed at 6 p.m. every day. (动作) 3.常见作表语的过去分词：多表示人的情感或状态，如 interested, excited, moved, tired, pleased, satisfied, surprised, frightened, worried, disappointed, exhausted, bored 等。 例句：We were satisfied with the result. （我们对结果感到满意。） 过去分词作状语 1.功能：过去分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语构成被动关系。 2.各类型状语详解： 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。 例句：Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. (= When the park is seen from the hill...) 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。 例句：Seriously injured, he was sent to the hospital immediately. (= Because he was seriously injured...) 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。 例句：Given more time, we could do it better. (= If we were given more time...) 让步状语：相当于一个让步状语从句。 例句：Although built decades ago, the bridge is still in good condition. (= Although it was built decades ago...) 方式或伴随状语：表示动作发生的方式或伴随状态。 例句：She came in, followed by her dog. （她进来了，后面跟着她的狗。） 3.省略：过去分词作状语时，前面常可带有连词 when, while, if, unless, although, though, as if 等，使句意更清晰。 例句：When asked about his opinion, he kept silent. （当被问及他的意见时，他保持沉默。） 例句：Even if invited, I won't go. （即使被邀请，我也不会去。） 4.与现在分词作状语的区别： 过去分词：与主语构成被动关系（Deeply moved, she thanked them.） 现在分词：与主语构成主动关系（Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.） 典例：选择：______ (Seeing/Seen) from space, the earth looks blue. （二）特殊注意事项 1.悬垂结构：过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则即为悬垂结构，是常见错误。 ✘ 错误：Punished by the teacher, the book was taken away. （书不会被老师惩罚） ✔ 正确：Punished by the teacher, the boy had his book taken away. （男孩被老师惩罚） 典例：改正句子：Running quickly, the finish line was crossed. 2.固定结构：有些过去分词短语已成固定搭配，无需考虑逻辑主语（如 strictly speaking, generally considered, judging from等）。 例句：Judging from his accent, he is from the south. （从他的口音判断...） 【对点练习】 （一）单句填空 1.The audience got ______ (bore) during the long speech. 2.______ (Give) enough support, they will succeed. 3.The girl sat in the corner, ______ (absorb) in her book. （二）选项填空 1.______ twice, he didn't want to try again. A. Failing B. Failed C. Having failed D. To fail 2.The news sounds ______. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. encouragement 3.______ in white, she looks like a nurse. A. Dressing B. Dressed C. To dress D. Dress （三）翻译句子 1.如果被给予机会，我会毫不犹豫地去国外学习。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.因为深受感动，她承诺要帮助那些需要帮助的人。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.那位教授虽然年逾古稀，但仍然精力充沛。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、单元写作清单 写作清单：Music（人教版必修二 Unit 5） 适用体裁：议论文、建议信、演讲稿、记叙文 常见话题：音乐的作用与意义、音乐偏好、音乐对情绪的影响、音乐文化多样性、一次音乐活动经历 1. 话题分析 维度 具体内容 核心议题 音乐是人类共通的语言，具有情感治愈（comfort）、文化传递（cultural bridge）、社交联结（social bond）和认知促进（cognitive development）等多重功能。音乐类型多样，如古典（classical）、流行（pop）、民谣（folk）、摇滚（rock）等，各具魅力。 常见命题角度 ① 阐述音乐对个人或社会的影响（如缓解压力、增强创造力）； ② 比较不同音乐类型的特色或推荐一首歌曲/一位音乐人； ③ 记叙一次难忘的音乐活动（如演唱会、音乐节、合唱比赛）； ④ 针对音乐教育的重要性提出观点或建议； ⑤ 说明音乐如何跨越语言和文化的障碍。 写作要点 - 情感共鸣：音乐话题适合融入个人感受和真实经历，增强说服力； - 例证具体：用具体曲目、音乐家或场景支撑观点； - 层次分明：可从“功能—类型—个人经历—建议”等多角度展开； - 语言生动：适当使用描绘性形容词（如melodic, soulful, uplifting）。 2. 写作框架（分体裁） 体裁 开头（引入） 主体（展开） 结尾（总结） 议论文 引出现象 + 点明观点（例：Music, which is often called the universal language, plays a vital role in our lives.） 段①：论证音乐的情感价值（如缓解焦虑）； 段②：论证音乐的社会价值（如跨文化交流）； 段③：论证音乐的教育价值（如提高专注力）。 总结观点 + 展望（例：In a world full of noise, music remains a source of peace and inspiration.） 建议信 问候 + 表明身份 + 写信目的（例：I'm writing to suggest that you listen to some Chinese folk music.） 建议1（推荐曲目）+ 理由； 建议2（分享方法）+ 理由； 建议3（参与活动）+ 理由。 表达期望 + 祝福（例：I hope music will bring you as much joy as it does to me.） 演讲稿 称呼听众 + 引出主题 + 吸引注意（例：Imagine a world without music—what would it be like?） 论点①（音乐的力量：治愈心灵）； 论点②（音乐的力量：连接世界）； 论点③（音乐的力量：激发梦想），每点辅以实例。 呼吁行动 + 结束语（例：Let's embrace music and let it brighten our lives. Thank you!） 记叙文 时间/地点/人物 + 事件背景（例：Last summer, I attended a music festival that completely changed my view of life.） 按时间顺序：到达现场 → 演出过程 → 触动时刻（如某首歌引发共鸣）→ 个人反应。 感悟 + 主题升华（例：That day, I realized that music is not just sound—it's a feeling that stays with you forever.） 3. 写作素材 核心词汇（分类） 类别 词汇 音乐类型 classical（古典的）, folk（民谣的）, jazz（爵士的）, rock（摇滚的）, country（乡村的）, electronic（电子的） 音乐相关名词 melody（旋律）, rhythm（节奏）, lyrics（歌词）, instrument（乐器）, symphony（交响乐）, concert（音乐会）, album（专辑） 感受描述词 uplifting（令人振奋的）, soothing（舒缓的）, emotional（情感的）, powerful（有力量的）, inspiring（鼓舞人心的）, catchy（朗朗上口的） 动作行为 compose（作曲）, perform（表演）, release（发布）, appreciate（欣赏）, create（创造） 黄金句式（按功能） 功能 句式 引入话题 ① When it comes to music, everyone has their own preference.（介词短语） ② There is no doubt that music has the power to change our mood.（同位语从句） 描述音乐魅力 ① Not only does music entertain us, but also it heals our wounds.（倒装） ② Music, which expresses feelings beyond words, connects people from different cultures.（非限制性定语从句） 分享个人经历 ① Listening to this song always reminds me of my childhood.（非谓语） ② Whenever I feel stressed, I turn to music, which helps me relax.（状语从句+定语从句） 提出建议/观点 ① I strongly recommend that you should listen to some classical music.（虚拟语气） ② Only by exploring different music genres can we truly appreciate its diversity.（倒装） 结尾升华 ① Music is more than entertainment—it is what makes us human.（表语从句） ② In my opinion, a life without music is like a body without a soul.（介词短语） 4. 范文背诵 范文一（议论文——音乐的力量） 题目：The Power of Music 语法亮点：非谓语（Compared with, Used as）、倒装（Not only...but also）、主从复合句（which, who） The Power of Music Compared with other forms of art, music has a unique ability to touch the soul instantly. It is not just entertainment—it is a force that shapes our emotions, thoughts, and even identities. Not only does music bring comfort during hard times, but also it enhances joy in happy moments. Used as a therapy, music has been proven to reduce anxiety and depression, helping patients recover faster. For instance, my grandfather, who suffered from Alzheimer’s, would light up whenever he heard the old folk songs from his youth—those melodies unlocked memories that medicine could not reach. Moreover, music serves as a universal language, which breaks down cultural barriers. A symphony played in Beijing can be just as moving in Vienna, because rhythm and harmony speak to everyone. In conclusion, music is a gift that enriches our lives in countless ways. Only by appreciating its power can we fully experience the beauty it brings to the world. 范文二（记叙文——一次难忘的合唱比赛） 题目：An Unforgettable Choir Competition 语法亮点：非谓语（Standing on, Filled with）、倒装（Never had）、主从复合句（which, when, although） An Unforgettable Choir Competition Standing on the stage, with hundreds of eyes fixed on us, I felt my heart pound like a drum. It was the final of the city choir competition, which our school team had prepared for over three months. Never had I experienced such a mixture of nervousness and excitement. Our conductor raised his baton, and we began to sing "You Raise Me Up." Filled with emotion, our voices blended perfectly, rising and falling like ocean waves. I glanced at my teammates—everyone’s eyes sparkled with tears, when we reached the most moving part of the song. The audience stood up and applauded, which made us realize we had touched their hearts too. Although we didn’t win the first prize, that moment of unity and emotional release was more valuable than any trophy. This experience taught me that music, when shared, creates invisible bonds among people. That night, I learned that the true power of music lies not in perfection, but in connection. 范文赏析 1.范文一：采用议论文结构，逻辑清晰。非谓语“Compared with”引入对比，“Used as”说明功能；倒装“Not only...but also”强调音乐的双重价值；定语从句“who suffered”和“that medicine could not reach”丰富细节；条件倒装“Only by...can we”强化结尾呼吁。全文论点鲜明，例证感人。 2.范文二：以记叙文体裁呈现，画面感强。非谓语“Standing on”开篇营造现场感，“Filled with”描绘情绪；倒装“Never had”突出紧张心情；状语从句“when”和让步状语“Although”增强叙事波动；定语从句“which made us realize”和表语从句“that music...creates bonds”体现复合句多样性。 3.两篇范文均包含至少三处高考加分结构，语言生动，内容真实，适合背诵并迁移到“一次音乐演出”“一首难忘的歌”等类似题目中。 使用建议： ① 打印本清单后，先通读“话题分析”和“写作框架”，明确不同体裁的应对策略； ② 重点记忆“黄金句式”，并尝试用每个句式写一个关于音乐的新句子； ③ 背诵范文时，用荧光笔标出非谓语、倒装和主从复合句，体会其效果； ④ 限时15分钟，根据题目（如“推荐一首歌给朋友”或“音乐教育的重要性”）仿写一篇，运用本清单素材。 【易错点01 过去分词（短语）作状语】 【一句话辨异】 Seen from the top of the concert hall, the stage looks like a grand piano; inspired by the beautiful melody, the audience burst into applause; faced with such a wonderful performance, everyone felt moved. 从音乐厅顶部看，舞台看起来像一架大钢琴；受到优美旋律的鼓舞，观众爆发出掌声；面对如此精彩的表演，每个人都深受感动。 【助记口诀】 过去分词作状语，被动完成是根基； 逻辑主语要一致，主语承受动作体； 时间/原因/条件/让步，伴随/方式都可以； 连词可留分词替，being done 常省略去。 【错因辨析】 过去分词（短语）作状语是本单元的核心语法重点，表示被动或完成的动作。 一、核心原则 过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，且主语与分词之间是被动关系（主语是分词动作的承受者）。 二、常见功能 功能 相当于 示例 时间状语 when / after + 从句 Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 原因状语 because / as + 从句 Exhausted by the rehearsal, they decided to rest. 条件状语 if + 从句 Given more time, I could finish the song. 让步状语 though / although + 从句 Defeated many times, he still kept trying. 伴随状语 and + 并列句 She walked onto the stage, followed by her band. 三、四大易错点 ❌ 易错1：逻辑主语不一致 - ❌ 错误：Seen from space, we can see the Earth is blue.（we 不能被“从太空看”） - ✅ 正确：Seen from space, the Earth looks blue.（地球被从太空看） ❌ 易错2：混淆过去分词与现在分词作状语 - 过去分词（done）：与主语是被动关系（主语被……） - Told the news, she cried.（她被告诉这个消息） - 现在分词（doing）：与主语是主动关系（主语主动做……） - Hearing the news, she cried.（她主动听到这个消息） ❌ 易错3：忽略被动含义，误用主动形式 - ❌ 错误：Comparing with yours, my effort seems small. - ✅ 正确：Compared with yours, my effort seems small.（我的努力被拿来比较） ❌ 易错4：与被动语态混淆——过去分词作状语时没有独立的主谓结构，仅是一个短语 - 被动语态：The window was broken by the boy.（有完整主谓结构，强调动作） - 过去分词作状语：Broken by the boy, the window needs repairing.（分词短语作原因状语） 【对点训练】 （ ）1. ______ from the top of the mountain, the whole city looks like a beautiful garden. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Having seen D. To see （ ）2. ______ by the moving music, the audience couldn’t help crying. A. Touching B. Touch C. Touched D. To touch （ ）3. ______ in a famous music school, the young pianist has won many international awards. A. Trained B. Training C. Being trained D. Having trained 【易错点02 be known as / be known for / be known to 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 The famous musician is known as a great composer for his beautiful symphonies to millions of people around the world. 这位著名音乐家作为一名伟大的作曲家，因他优美的交响乐而为全世界数百万人所知。 【助记口诀】 be known as“作为”身份显，be known for“因为”特点传； be known to“为……所知”后面接人记心间。 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 后接内容 示例 be known as 作为……而著名 身份/职业/称号 Mozart is known as a musical genius. 莫扎特作为音乐天才而闻名。 be known for 因……而著名 特点/成就/原因 He is known for his amazing piano skills. 他因惊人的钢琴技巧而闻名。 be known to 为……所知 人或群体 The singer is known to teenagers. 这位歌手为青少年所熟知。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. Beethoven is ______ one of the greatest musicians ______ his wonderful symphonies. A. known as; for B. known for; as C. known to; for D. known as; to （ ）2. The young pianist is ______ almost everyone ______ her excellent performance in the international competition. A. known to; for B. known as; to C. known for; as D. known to; as 【易错点03 dream of / dream about / dream that 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 I often dream of becoming a famous singer, and last night I dreamed about performing on a big stage; I dreamed that I was welcomed by thousands of fans. 我经常梦想成为一名著名歌手，昨晚我梦见了在大舞台上表演；我梦到我受到了成千上万粉丝的欢迎。 【助记口诀】 dream of“梦想”表愿望，dream about“梦见”是睡觉； dream that 接从句，三种用法要记牢。 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 用法 示例 dream of (doing) sth. 梦想；渴望 表愿望/志向，后接名词或动名词 I dream of being a musician. 我梦想成为一名音乐家。 dream about (doing) sth. 梦见；梦到 表睡眠中梦见，后接名词或动名词 I dreamed about my favorite singer last night. 我昨晚梦见了最喜欢的歌手。 dream that + 从句 梦想/梦见 两种含义皆可，由语境判断 She dreamed that she won the competition. 她梦到她赢了比赛。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. When I was a child, I always ______ becoming a great pianist like Lang Lang. A. dreamed about B. dreamed of C. dreamt that D. dreamt with （ ）2. She ______ she was flying in the sky like a bird in her dream last night. A. dreamed about B. dreamed of C. dreamed that D. was dreaming 【易错点04 attach...to / be attached to 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 I attach great importance to learning music theory, and I am deeply attached to the piano, which has been with me for ten years. 我非常重视学习音乐理论，而且我深爱着那架陪伴了我十年的钢琴。 【助记口诀】 attach...to“把……附/重视”，be attached to“依恋/喜爱/附属于”； to 是介词后接名，两种用法要分清。 【错因辨析】 1. attach...to... 把……附在……上；认为……有（重要性等） - 常见搭配：attach importance / significance / value to 认为……重要 - 例句：We should attach great importance to protecting traditional music. 我们应该非常重视保护传统音乐。 2. be attached to 依恋；喜爱；附属于 - 表示一种状态——对某人/某物的深厚感情，或某物附属关系 - 例句：She is deeply attached to the old guitar her father gave her. 她深爱着父亲给她的那把旧吉他。 3. 易错点： - attach ... to 中的 to 是介词，后接名词/动名词 - ❌ 错误：attach importance to do sth. - ✅ 正确：attach importance to doing sth. 【对点训练】 （ ）1. In our school, great importance ______ the education of music and art. A. is attached to B. attaches to C. attached to D. is attaching to （ ）2. The little girl ______ the teddy bear her grandmother gave her and takes it everywhere. A. attaches to B. is attached to C. attached to D. attaching to 【易错点05 earn / win / gain 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 I attach great importance to learning music theory, and I am deeply attached to the piano, which has been with me for ten years. 我非常重视学习音乐理论，而且我深爱着那架陪伴了我十年的钢琴。 【助记口诀】 earn 挣钱靠劳动，win 赢奖在赛中； gain 获得重过程，经验知识都能用。 【错因辨析】 动词 含义 常见宾语 示例 earn 挣得；赢得 money / living / respect / reputation He earns a good salary. 他挣一份好薪水。 win （在比赛/战争中）赢 game / prize / award / war / support She won the singing competition. 她赢了歌唱比赛。 gain 获得；增加 experience / knowledge / weight / time I gained a lot from the music class. 我从音乐课上学到了很多。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. After years of hard work, the band finally ______ fame and fortune. A. won B. earned C. gained D. took （ ）2. The young singer ______ the first prize in the national music competition and ______ much confidence. A. won; gained B. earned; won C. gained; earned D. won; earned 一、单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 根据汉语提示或首字母提示，写出本单元所学单词的正确形式。 1. She has a great love for c________ music, especially the works by Beethoven. 2. The b________ will give their first live performance in the city stadium next week. 3. Playing a musical i________ requires years of practice and patience. 4. The young m________ is known for his unique style of composing songs. 5. His latest a________ has sold over a million copies since it was released last month. 6. We were deeply moved by the l________ of the song, which tells a story of true love. 7. Thousands of f________ gathered outside the concert hall to wait for their favorite singer. 8. Jazz originated in America and is now popular all over the ________ (世界). 9. Learning to play the piano has brought her a lot of ________ (快乐) and relaxation. 10. The singer’s ________ (先前的) album was a great success, and fans are expecting her new one. 二、词形变化填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. ________ (found) in 2005, the band has won numerous awards for their excellent music. 2. ________ (listen) to soft music can help reduce stress and improve sleep quality. 3. The little girl showed a great talent for music when she ________ (be) only four years old. 4. I prefer music that ________ (have) meaningful lyrics and beautiful melodies. 5. She was so ________ (attract) by the music that she forgot to finish her homework. 6. It is said that this piece of music was ________ (compose) by a young musician in the 1990s. 7. Playing musical instruments is a good way to develop children’s ________ (create) thinking. 8. The singer is famous for ________ (sing) songs that reflect people’s daily lives. 9. We were all deeply ________ (touch) by the emotional performance of the pianist. 10. The number of people who enjoy folk music ________ (be) increasing year by year. 三、选词填空（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 从方框中选择合适的短语，并用其正确形式填空。 | for the first time | join in | ever since | as we all know | get through | | fall in love with | remind...of | come up with | dance to | graduate from | 1. It is hard to see how people will ________ the winter. 2. ________, music is a universal language that connects people from all cultures. 3. The beautiful melody ________ me ________ my childhood. 4. ________ he was absorbed in music, he has made much more progress. 5. The composer ________ a good idea for the new symphony. 6. The audience couldn’t help ________ the lively rhythm of the band. 7. Yesterday I went to the concert ________ and I determined to go again when I was free. 8. He wanted to invite her to ________ the music project. 9. She ________ Cambridge with a degree in music. 10. When the young pianist performed, many people ________ his music. 四、单句语法填空（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句型公式：过去分词（短语）作状语 ________________ (被……深深感动) by the music, she couldn’t help crying. 2. 句型公式：Though/When + 过去分词（省略结构） Though ________ ________ (警告了) of the danger, he still went to the concert despite the storm. 3. 句型公式：find + 宾语 + 宾补（过去分词） When I entered the hall, I ________ ________ ________ ________ (发现许多人已经被吸引) by the performance. 4. 句型公式：with + 宾语 + 现在分词 ________ ________ ________ ________ (随着音乐播放), we couldn’t help dancing together. 5. 句型公式：It is + adj. + that... ________ ________ ________ (……是很重要的) we expose ourselves to different types of music to broaden our horizons. 五、课文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Good morning, my name is Sarah. It’s an honor to be here and to share with you the story of how music has had an influence 1.________ my life. Have you ever faced a time when things looked dark and you had no hope at all? Two years ago, I 2.________ (tell) I had a serious disease 3.________ was difficult to cure. My body ached all the time and thus I thought I didn’t have much longer to live. I was very afraid and I felt so alone and 4.________ (discourage). Then one day, I had to go through a two-hour 5.________ (medicine) treatment. The doctor wanted me 6.________ (relax), so he had me listen to some music. 7.________ (honest) speaking, that music made me feel much better. It helped me forget my pain and gave me 8.________ (confident) to fight against the disease. From then on, music 9.________ (become) a part of my life. It has helped me 10.________ (recover) both physically and mentally. I hope all of you can also find strength in music when you face difficulties. 六、阅读理解（共2篇，8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A [2026·原创·音乐的力量] Music is more than just entertainment. It has the power to heal, inspire, and connect people across cultures and generations. Scientists have long been studying how music affects the human brain and body, and the results are truly remarkable. One of the most well-known effects of music is its ability to reduce stress. When we listen to calming music, our bodies release less cortisol (皮质醇), the stress hormone. Slow-tempo music with soft melodies can lower heart rate and blood pressure, helping us feel more relaxed. Many hospitals now use music therapy to help patients recover from surgery or manage chronic pain. Music also has a powerful impact on memory. Have you ever heard a song from your childhood and suddenly remembered vivid details of that time? This is because music activates multiple areas of the brain, including those responsible for memory and emotion. For people with Alzheimer’s disease, familiar music can sometimes bring back memories that seemed lost forever. Furthermore, learning to play a musical instrument offers additional benefits. Studies show that children who learn music tend to perform better in subjects like math and language. Playing an instrument improves hand-eye coordination, concentration, and discipline. It also boosts self-esteem when learners master a new piece. Perhaps most importantly, music brings people together. Whether it‘s singing in a choir, dancing at a concert, or simply sharing a playlist with friends, music creates bonds that transcend language and cultural barriers. In a world that often feels divided, music remains a universal language that speaks to all of us. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Music is only for entertainment purposes. B. Music has various positive effects on human beings. C. Learning music is difficult for most children. D. Music therapy is only used in hospitals. 2. How does calming music help reduce stress? A. By increasing heart rate. B. By releasing more cortisol. C. By lowering cortisol levels and heart rate. D. By making people fall asleep. 3. Why does music help people with Alzheimer‘s disease? A. Because it cures the disease completely. B. Because it activates memory-related areas of the brain. C. Because it is a new type of medical treatment. D. Because it is easy to remember. 4. According to the passage, what benefits can children gain from learning music? A. Better performance in math and language. B. Improved hand-eye coordination. C. Increased self-esteem. D. All of the above. B [2026·原创·虚拟合唱团] In the digital age, technology has transformed the way we create and experience music. One of the most remarkable innovations is the virtual choir, which allows singers from all over the world to perform together without ever meeting in person. The concept of the virtual choir was popularized by Eric Whitacre, a Grammy-winning composer. In 2009, he posted a video of himself conducting a piece called “Lux Aurumque” and invited singers to submit their own recordings. To his surprise, he received over 180 videos from singers in 12 different countries. He combined these recordings into a single performance, creating the world’s first virtual choir. Since then, virtual choirs have grown in popularity. They offer several advantages over traditional choirs. First, they remove geographical barriers. Anyone with an internet connection and a recording device can participate, regardless of where they live. Second, they provide flexibility. Singers can record their parts at their own convenience, making it easier for people with busy schedules to join. Third, virtual choirs promote diversity, bringing together voices from different cultures and backgrounds. However, virtual choirs also face challenges. One major difficulty is synchronizing (同步) the recordings. Because each singer records separately, it takes careful editing to ensure everyone sings at the same tempo and rhythm. Another challenge is the lack of real-time interaction. In a traditional choir, singers can respond to each other and the conductor instantly, creating a sense of unity that is harder to achieve online. Despite these challenges, virtual choirs have opened up new possibilities for musical collaboration. They have made choral singing more accessible and inclusive, proving that music truly has no borders. 5. Who popularized the virtual choir? A. A famous pop singer. B. Eric Whitacre, a Grammy-winning composer. C. A technology company. D. An online video platform. 6. What is NOT mentioned as an advantage of virtual choirs? A. Removing geographical barriers. B. Providing flexibility in recording. C. Offering higher pay for singers. D. Promoting cultural diversity. 7. What is one challenge faced by virtual choirs? A. Finding enough singers to participate. B. Synchronizing recordings from different singers. C. Getting permission to use the music. D. Finding a suitable concert hall. 8. What is the author‘s attitude towards virtual choirs? A. Negative. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Critical. 七、七选五（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Music has a strong influence on us. Different types of music have different effects. 1.________ It can help us concentrate better and get things done more efficiently. Have you ever noticed that when you listen to fast-paced music, you feel more energetic? 2.________ That’s why many people listen to upbeat music when they exercise or work out. On the other hand, slow and soft music can help us relax. 3.________ Many people listen to this kind of music before going to bed to help them fall asleep. Music also affects our emotions. 4.________ When we feel sad, listening to sad music can actually make us feel better because it helps us express our feelings. 5.________ Different cultures have their own unique musical styles, and sharing music can help us understand and appreciate each other better. A. That‘s because fast music can increase our heart rate and energy levels. B. For example, fast-paced music can make us feel more awake and active. C. Music is also a way to connect with others. D. All music sounds the same to most people. E. It can lower our blood pressure and reduce stress. F. Happy music can make us feel joyful, while sad music can make us feel blue. G. Music has no effect on our daily lives. 八、书面表达（共1题，15分） 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办以“The Power of Music”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿： 1. 音乐在你生活中的作用； 2. 音乐给你带来的一次难忘经历； 3. 你对音乐的看法或感悟。 注意： - 词数100词左右； - 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； - 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 The Power of Music Music has always been an important part of my life. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $