Unit 4 History and Traditions（知识清单）英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语Unit4 History and Traditions知识清单全面覆盖词汇系统梳理、核心语法精讲、写作能力培养及综合练习，通过阅读/写作词汇分类、过去分词作定语和宾补专项语法、历史文化主题写作框架等模块，为学生搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“词汇-语法-写作”三维度构建知识体系，词汇部分设“熟词生义”模块对比charge等词的常见义与特殊用法，培养学生语言能力；语法部分结合高考真题改编题强化应用，通过“易错点辨析表”提升思维品质。写作清单提供分体裁框架及黄金句式，如“Not only...but also”倒装结构，助力学生高效输出，教师可直接用于课堂教学与分层辅导，提升教学实效。

Unit4 History and Traditions 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. Confucius _________ 2. mansion n. _________ 3. cemetery n. _________ 4. philosophy n. _________ 5. kingdom n. _________ 6. currency n. _________ 7. military adj. _________ 8. conquer vt. _________ 9. butter n. _________ vt. _________ 10. honey n. _________ 11. ancestor n. _________ 12. courtyard n. _________ 13. dot n. _________vt. _________ 14. roar vi.& n. _________ 15. scent n. _________ 16. beer n. (一杯)_________ 17. stew n. _________(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. _________ 18. sensory adj. ________ 19. striking adj. _________ 20. transition n. _________ 21. Roman adj. _________ n. _________ 二、写作词汇： 1. _________ adj.最重要的;最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长 2. _________ adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近 3. _________ n.战役;搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗;奋斗 4. _________ n.港口(城市) 5. _________ n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊 6. _________ n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近 7. _________ n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 8. _________ n.位置;姿态;职位 vt.安装;安置 9. _________ n.点心;小吃 10. _________ n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县 11. _________ n.盛宴;宴会;节日 12. _________ n.酒吧;酒馆 13. _________ n.葡萄酒;果酒 三、词汇变形： 1. _________ vi.应在(某处);适应→_________ n.归属;(pl.)动产;财物 2. _________ n.防御;保卫→_________ v.防御;保卫→_________ adj.防御的;保护的 3. _________ adj.法律的;合法的→_________ adj.不合法的→_________ adv.法律上 4. _________ n.地方;地点;位置→_________ vt.位于;找出……的位置→_________ adj.坐落于;位于 5. _________ adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→_________ v.使……入迷;迷住→_________ adj.着迷的 6. _________ adj.热切的;渴望的→_________ adv.热切地;急切地→_________ n.热切;渴望 7. _________ vt.问候;迎接→_________ n.问候;致意 8. _________ n.风俗;习俗;习惯→_________ n.顾客→_________ n.海关 9. _________ n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→_________ adj.拥挤的 四、拓展词汇 1. _________ 把……和……连接或联结起来 2. _________ 脱离;背叛;逃脱 3. _________ 属于 4. _________ 同(一样也);和;还 5. _________ 留心;留意 6. _________ 负责;管理 7. _________ 接收;接管 8. _________ 把……抛在后面;留下;遗留 9. _________ 对……有极大影响 五、熟词生义 1. charge 常见义项：n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 生义：v. 赋予……责任或任务；猛冲；充满；斟满 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第23页阅读课文“PUZZLES IN THE PALACE”）：The museum charges no entrance fee.（这家博物馆不收门票。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He was charged with theft.（他被指控盗窃。） ▶ 生义例句：Mother charged Alice to take good care of the baby.（妈妈交给艾丽斯一项任务，要她好好照顾宝宝。）；We charged at the enemy.（我们向敌人猛冲过去。）；The room was charged with excitement.（房间里充满了兴奋的气氛。）；Charge your glasses and drink a toast!（斟满酒杯，干杯！） 2. approach 常见义项：n. 方法；途径 生义：n. 接近；靠近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第27页词汇表）：approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 ▶ 常见义项例句：We need to find a new approach to solving this problem.（我们需要找到一种解决这个问题的新方法。） ▶ 生义例句：The approach of winter brings cold weather.（冬天的临近带来了寒冷的天气。）；As we approached the city centre, we saw a large statue.（当我们接近市中心时，我们看到了一座巨大的雕像。）；He approached me about the job.（他就这份工作与我接洽。） 3. belong 常见义项：vi. 属于 生义：vi. 应在(某处)；适应 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第23页阅读课文“PUZZLES IN THE PALACE”）：This painting belongs in a museum.（这幅画应该放在博物馆里。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This book belongs to me.（这本书是我的。） ▶ 生义例句：She doesn't feel like she belongs in this group.（她觉得自己在这个群体中不适应。） 4. surround 常见义项：vt. 围绕；包围 生义：n. （复数）周围的事物；环境 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第27页词汇表）：surround vt. 围绕；包围 ▶ 常见义项例句：The house is surrounded by trees.（这所房子被树木环绕。） ▶ 生义例句：They live in very pleasant surroundings.（他们生活在非常宜人的环境中。） 5. area 常见义项：n. 地区；区域 生义：n. 领域；方面 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第23页阅读课文“PUZZLES IN THE PALACE”）：He has a lot of experience in this area.（他在这个领域有很多经验。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This is a residential area.（这是一个居民区。） ▶ 生义例句：She is an expert in the area of finance.（她是金融领域的专家。） 写作 句型 句型公式 1：if 条件状语从句的省略形式（如果……的话） 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型公式 2：with 复合结构（with + 宾语 + 宾补） 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句型公式 3：it is ＋ adj. ＋ that ...（形式主语结构） 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 译文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 语法 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 写作 写一篇英语短文，分享参观历史文化遗址的见闻和感受 1、 知识点精讲 [1. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑] 【教材原句】： Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： solve a puzzle 解决难题 in a puzzle 不知如何是好；感到困惑 puzzle over/about 苦苦思索；对……冥思苦想 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： It puzzled me why the local custom was so different from what I had read about, so I decided to do further research. - 读后续写： Puzzled by the stranger's sudden appearance, the little girl stepped back, her heart racing with fear and curiosity. 【易混辨析】： puzzle 指“谜、难题”，强调令人困惑、需要思考解决的问题；也可作动词表示“使困惑”。 mystery 指“神秘的事物、奥秘”，强调难以理解或无法解释的现象。 riddle 指“谜语”，通常指需要猜出答案的趣味性语言游戏。 典型例句对比： - puzzle: The puzzle of how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids still fascinates scientists. - mystery: The disappearance of the ship remains a mystery to this day. - riddle: The children tried to guess the answer to the riddle. 【单句语法填空】： ① The students were ______ (puzzle) by the teacher's difficult question. ② She spent the whole afternoon ______ (puzzle) over the math problem. ③ It ______ (puzzle) me why he refused the invitation without any reason. [2. defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护 (美式英语：defense)] 【教材原句】： They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护 in one's defence 为某人辩护 defence against 防御……；抵御…… defend vt. 防御；保护；辩护 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing in defence of the proposal that we should organize more after-school activities for students. - 读后续写： Without a moment's hesitation, the soldier stood in defence of the crying child, shielding him from the coming danger. 【易混辨析】： defence 指“防御、保卫”，强调抵御攻击或伤害的行为或措施，也可指“辩护”。 protection 指“保护”，强调使某人或某物免受伤害或损失，适用范围更广。 shelter 指“庇护、遮蔽”，强调提供临时安全处所，常指躲避风雨或危险。 典型例句对比： - defence: The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their homeland. - protection: The umbrella offers protection against the rain. - shelter: The homeless man found shelter in an abandoned building. 【单句语法填空】： ① The young man spoke bravely in ______ (defend) of his friend. ② Eating more vegetables can provide good defence ______ various diseases. ③ The soldiers fought ______ (defend) their country against the invaders. [3. legal adj. 法律的；合法的] 【教材原句】： They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： legal system 法律体系 legal rights 合法权利 illegal adj. 非法的；不合法的（反义词） legally adv. 法律上；合法地 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： It is legally required that all participants sign the agreement before the activity begins. - 读后续写： Realizing that what he had done was illegal, the young man lowered his head and admitted his mistake to the police. 【易混辨析】： legal 指“合法的、法律的”，强调符合法律规定或与法律相关。 lawful 指“合法的、依法的”，强调行为符合法律或道德规范，语气较正式。 典型例句对比： - legal: The new policy has created a more fair legal system. - lawful: The police officer asked to see his lawful documents. 【单句语法填空】： ① The government has taken ______ (legal) measures to protect the environment. ② It is ______ (legal) to drive without a license in most countries. ③ The lawyers are discussing the ______ (legal) aspects of the case. [4. surround vt. 围绕；包围] 【教材原句】： Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： be surrounded with/by 被……包围/环绕 surround oneself with 和……在一起；与……为伍 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 surroundings n.（pl.）周围的事物；环境 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Surrounded by green trees and colorful flowers, our school provides a perfect environment for students to study. - 读后续写： Standing on the top of the hill, he found himself surrounded by a sea of clouds, as if he were in a fairy tale. 【易混辨析】： surround 指“围绕、包围”，强调从四面八方围住，常指地理或空间上的环绕。 encircle 指“环绕、包围”，强调形成圆圈状包围，语气较强。 enclose 指“围住、封闭”，强调用墙、篱笆等物理障碍将某物圈起来。 典型例句对比： - surround: The house is surrounded by tall trees. - encircle: The enemy troops encircled the city. - enclose: The garden is enclosed by a wooden fence. 【单句语法填空】： ① The children sat ______ (surround) the teacher, listening to the story carefully. ② The house is ______ (surround) by tall trees, so it is very cool in summer. ③ The ______ (surround) towns have been absorbed by the growing city. [5. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电] 【教材原句】： Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.（出自教材第42页阅读课文"READING AND THINKING"） 【归纳拓展】： take charge of 掌管；负责 in charge of 主管；掌管 in the charge of 受……的管理 free of charge 免费 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人（做）某事 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing to confirm that I will take charge of the volunteer activity next Saturday. - 读后续写： In charge of the whole project, the young manager stayed up all night, making sure every detail was perfectly arranged. 【易混辨析】： charge 指“收费、要价”，强调提供服务后索要费用；也可指“指控”或“充电”。 cost 指“花费、成本”，强调购买商品或服务所需支付的金额，主语通常为物。 spend 指“花费（时间/金钱）”，主语通常为人，常用搭配spend...on/doing。 典型例句对比： - charge: The hotel charges $100 for a single room per night. - cost: This new computer cost me over 2,000 dollars. - spend: She spent a lot of money on her new car. 【单句语法填空】： ① The hotel ______ (charge) us $200 for a single room per night. ② The police charged the suspect ______ stealing the valuable painting. ③ All the products in this store can be delivered ______ charge. [6. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近] 【教材原句】： （教材中未作为黑体核心词在课文正文中单独出现原句，但在单元词汇表中列为重点词汇，常以 approach to（……的方法）等短语形式在练习中出现。） 【归纳拓展】： (an) approach to (doing) sth. （做）某事的方法 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 approach sb. about sth. 就某事与某人接洽 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I would like to suggest a new approach to improving our oral English skills—joining the English corner every weekend. - 读后续写： Approaching the dark forest with great caution, the adventurer held his breath, listening for any sign of danger. 【易混辨析】： approach 指“方法、途径”，强调处理问题的方式或思路；也可指“接近、靠近”。 method 指“方法、办法”，强调系统的、有条理的程序或方式。 way 指“方式、方法”，最通用，既可指具体方法也可指抽象方式。 means 指“手段、方法”，强调为实现目的而使用的方式或工具。 典型例句对比： - approach: This is a new approach to teaching languages. - method: We need to improve our research methods. - way: There are many ways to solve this problem. - means: We should use every possible means to protect the environment. 【单句语法填空】： ① We need to find a new approach ______ solving this complex problem. ② The train is ______ (approach) the station slowly. ③ He approached his parents ______ the possibility of studying abroad. [7. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯] 【教材原句】： （custom作为单元重点词汇出现在Unit 4词汇表中，Reading for Writing部分涉及文化习俗话题） 【归纳拓展】： custom of doing sth. 做某事的习俗 local/traditional custom 当地/传统习俗 It is the custom (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）做某事是习俗 customs n.（pl.）海关 customer n. 顾客；客户 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： As the local custom requires, we should arrive at the ceremony at least 15 minutes earlier. - 读后续写： Following the old custom, the villagers lit lanterns and floated them down the river, their wishes carried away by the gentle current. 【易混辨析】： custom 指“风俗、习俗”，强调特定社会或群体长期形成的传统行为方式。 habit 指“习惯”，强调个人因反复做某事而形成的固定行为方式。 tradition 指“传统”，强调代代相传的信仰、习俗或价值观，范围比custom更广。 典型例句对比： - custom: It is the custom in this country to give presents at Christmas. - habit: He has a habit of biting his nails when he is nervous. - tradition: The university has a long tradition of academic excellence. 【单句语法填空】： ① It is the ______ (customary) for people in this area to eat dumplings on New Year's Eve. ② The ______ (custom) of giving red envelopes during festivals is very popular in China. ③ Different countries have different ______ (custom) and traditions. [8. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的] 【教材原句】： A striking image.（出自教材第45页单元练习部分） 【归纳拓展】： striking contrast 鲜明的对比 striking similarity 惊人的相似性 striking feature 显著特征 strikingly adv. 引人注目地；显著地 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： The most striking advantage of this program is that it offers students a chance to experience different cultures firsthand. - 读后续写： Striking as the beauty of the sunset was, it was the old man's gentle smile that touched her heart most deeply. 【易混辨析】： striking 指“引人注目的、显著的”，强调因独特或突出而容易引起注意。 noticeable 指“显而易见的”，强调容易被察觉或注意到。 remarkable 指“非凡的、卓越的”，强调因优秀或特别而值得关注。 典型例句对比： - striking: There is a striking contrast between the old and new parts of the city. - noticeable: There has been a noticeable improvement in her English. - remarkable: He has made remarkable progress in his studies. 【单句语法填空】： ① The differences between the two cultures are quite ______ (strike). ② She was attracted by the ______ (strike) idea of the young inventor. ③ There is a ______ (strike) resemblance between the two brothers. 2、 核心语法精讲 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 【感知·语法规律】 （一）教材原文感知 1."We should respect the inherited traditions from our ancestors." "inherited" 作定语，修饰名词 "traditions"，表示“被继承的”传统，既表完成又表被动。 2."I found myself deeply moved by the story." "moved" 作宾语 "myself" 的补足语，说明宾语的状态，“发现自己被深深感动”。 3."They heard the song sung in a different language." "sung" 作宾语 "the song" 的补足语，表示“听到歌被用另一种语言演唱”。 （二）高考真题感知 以下高考真题考查过去分词作定语（频率较高），以及相应改编题考查过去分词作宾语补足语（频率较低）。 1.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空 第63题）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 改编题： Cao considered the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing as a great tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 2.（2022年全国乙卷语法填空 第66题）It can help to build a community with a ______ (share) future for mankind," he said. 改编题： We should work together to make the future of mankind ______ (share) by all countries around the world. 3.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空 第46题）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ______ (intend) for everyone. 改编题： The teacher wanted the message ______ (intend) for every student, so she repeated it several times. 4.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空 第62题）... with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. 改编题： The government had the system of ring roads ______ (build) carefully to ease the traffic pressure. 5.（2023年新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空 第39题）Shanghai may be the ______ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 改编题： Food historians have long considered Shanghai ______ (recognize) as the home of soup dumplings. 6.（2024年新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空 第60题）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 改编题： The designer found the pavilion ______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, which gave it a unique artistic style. 7.（2024年1月浙江首考语法填空 第63题）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions. 改编题： The supermarket wants the packs ______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions to attract more customers. 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）构成详解 现在进行时的被动语态核心是"强调动作正在被进行"，结构需同时体现"现在进行时"和"被动语态"的特征： 基础结构：am/is/are + being + 过去分词 （二）用法分类 过去分词作定语 1.位置与功能：单个过去分词作定语常置于名词前；过去分词短语作定语则置于名词后，相当于一个省略形式的定语从句。 例句：a broken window (= a window that has been broken) （前置） 例句：the problems discussed at the meeting (= the problems that were discussed at the meeting) （后置） 2.语义特征：表示被动和完成的意义。 例句：a written report （报告是被写的，且已写完） 例句：fallen leaves （树叶是自然掉落的，且已落下） 3.与现在分词作定语的区别： 过去分词：表被动/完成（a boiled egg 一个被煮熟的鸡蛋） 现在分词：表主动/进行（a boiling egg 一个正在被煮的鸡蛋） 典例：选择：The news was so ______ (excited/exciting) that everyone felt ______ (excited/exciting). 过去分词作宾语补足语 1.常见动词：常用于感觉动词（see, hear, feel, watch, find等）和使役动词（make, have, get, keep, leave等）之后。 例句：I heard my name called. （感觉动词后） 例句：He had his hair cut yesterday. （使役动词have后，表让别人做） 例句：Please keep us informed of the news. （使役动词keep后，表状态） 2.功能：说明宾语的性质、状态或动作的结果，且与宾语构成被动关系。 例句：She found the door locked. （发现门被锁着） 例句：The boss wanted the report typed immediately. （希望报告被立即打好） 3.与不定式作宾补的区别： 过去分词：强调动作的完成或结果（I saw the thief caught. 我看见小偷被抓了。） 不带to的不定式：强调动作的全过程（I saw the thief steal the wallet. 我看见小偷偷了钱包。） 典例：选择：I heard someone ______ (singing/sing/sung) the song in English. (强调正在唱) （三）特殊注意事项 1.某些不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语/宾补，仅表完成，不表被动（如 fallen leaves, a retired teacher, the disappeared child）。 典例：选择：There are many ______ (fallen/falling) leaves on the ground in autumn. 2.注意“have sth done”结构的两种含义：① 让/叫别人做某事（主语有意） ② 遭遇某种不幸（主语无意） 例句：I had my computer repaired. (我让人修了电脑。) 例句：I had my wallet stolen. (我的钱包被偷了。) 典例：译文：他昨天理发了。 【对点练习】 （一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The ______ (lose) key has been found. 2.When I entered the room, I found the window ______ (break). 3.You need to get your passport ______ (renew) before traveling abroad. （二）选项填空 1.The ______ children were waiting for the results of the competition. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. excitement 2.The speaker raised his voice to make himself ______. A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear 3.With all the tasks ______ (complete), they went home happily. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. complete （三）单句改错 1.I saw the boy knocking down by the car. 2.The question discussing now is of great importance. 3.She had her cellphone steal on the bus yesterday. （四）翻译句子 1.医生将会让他的伤口立刻得到处理。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2.读者们发现这本新出版的小说非常引人入胜。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.由于所有的钱都花光了，他不得不找一份工作。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 三、单元写作清单 写作清单：History and Traditions 适用体裁：说明文、介绍信、记叙文、演讲稿 常见话题：历史遗迹、传统节日、文化习俗、中外文化对比 1. 话题分析 维度 具体内容 核心议题 历史与传统是民族文化的根脉，涵盖历史遗迹（如长城、金字塔）、传统节日（如春节、感恩节）、风俗习惯（如茶道、婚礼礼仪）等。 常见命题角度 ① 介绍一处历史名胜或文化遗产； ② 讲述一个传统节日的起源、习俗和意义； ③ 比较中外文化差异（如中英餐桌礼仪）； ④ 针对历史保护或传统传承提出建议； ⑤ 记叙一次参与传统文化活动的经历。 写作要点 - 时态：介绍客观事实用一般现在时；叙述历史事件或过去经历用一般过去时； - 文化准确性：确保名称、日期、习俗描述无误； - 情感基调：体现对文化的尊重与自豪，避免刻板印象； - 逻辑层次：按时间、空间或重要性顺序组织内容。 2. 写作框架（分体裁） 体裁 开头（引入） 主体（展开） 结尾（总结） 说明文 引出介绍对象 + 总体评价（例：The Great Wall, which winds across northern China, is a masterpiece of ancient engineering.） 分方面：① 历史背景（建造时间、原因）；② 特色亮点（规模、设计）；③ 现今地位（旅游、象征意义）。 总结价值 + 展望（例：As a World Heritage Site, it will continue to inspire generations.） 介绍信 问候 + 写信目的（例：I’m writing to tell you about the Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese holiday.） 按顺序介绍：时间 → 起源 → 主要活动（如赛龙舟、吃粽子）→ 意义。 邀请体验 + 期待回复（例：I hope you can come and experience it yourself one day.） 记叙文 时间/地点/人物 + 事件背景（例：Last Spring Festival, I helped my grandmother make dumplings and learned about its symbolic meaning.） 按时间顺序：起因（节日来临）→ 经过（准备、庆祝细节）→ 高潮（最难忘的一幕）。 感悟 + 主题升华（例：This tradition connected me to my roots in a way I had never felt before.） 演讲稿 称呼听众 + 引出主题 + 引起兴趣（例：Have you ever wondered why millions of people travel to see ancient ruins?） 论点①（历史的价值）→ 论点②（传统的传承）→ 论点③（我们的责任），辅以实例。 呼吁行动 + 结束语（例：Let’s protect our heritage so that future generations can enjoy it. Thank you.） 3.写作素材 核心词汇（分类） 类别 词汇 历史与遗产 heritage（遗产）, relic（遗迹）, dynasty（朝代）, civilization（文明）, archaeology（考古）, preservation（保护） 节日与习俗 custom（习俗）, ceremony（仪式）, feast（盛宴）, parade（游行）, legend（传说）, ancestor（祖先） 地点与建筑 monument（纪念碑）, temple（寺庙）, castle（城堡）, tomb（陵墓）, ruin（废墟）, landmark（地标） 动作与行为 originate（起源）, commemorate（纪念）, observe（庆祝）, inherit（传承）, explore（探索）, restore（修复） 描述词 ancient（古老的）, magnificent（宏伟的）, symbolic（象征的）, unique（独特的）, well-preserved（保存完好的） 黄金句式（按功能） 功能 句式 引入话题 ① Dating back to the Ming Dynasty, the temple has a history of over 600 years.（非谓语） ② It is widely acknowledged that traditional festivals reflect the wisdom of our ancestors.（主语从句） 描述细节 ① The celebration, which includes dragon boat races and eating zongzi, is full of excitement.（非限制性定语从句） ② Built entirely of wood without nails, the pagoda is an architectural wonder.（非谓语） 分析意义 ① Not only does it preserve our history, but also it strengthens family bonds.（倒装） ② The reason why we value these traditions is that they give us a sense of identity.（表语从句） 提出建议/呼吁 ① Only by learning about our past can we better understand our present.（倒装） ② It is high time that we took measures to protect these endangered historical sites.（虚拟语气） 比较文化 ① While Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival, Americans observe Thanksgiving.（让步状语） ② Unlike Western weddings, Chinese weddings feature red as the dominant color.（介词短语） 4. 范文背诵 范文一（说明文——介绍故宫） 题目：The Forbidden City: A Symbol of Chinese History 语法亮点：非谓语（Located, Having served）、倒装（Not only...but also）、主从复合句（which, when） The Forbidden City: A Symbol of Chinese History Located in the heart of Beijing, the Forbidden City is one of the world’s largest and best-preserved ancient palace complexes. Having served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it witnessed the rise and fall of Chinese feudal society. The complex, which covers 720,000 square meters, consists of over 90 palace courtyards and 980 buildings. Its golden roofs and red walls are not just beautiful—each color and pattern carries symbolic meanings, such as yellow representing imperial power. Not only is it a masterpiece of traditional architecture, but also it houses countless cultural relics, including paintings, calligraphy, and jade treasures. Today, the Forbidden City attracts millions of tourists from around the world. When visitors walk through its grand gates, they are transported back in time. This historic site reminds us of the wisdom and craftsmanship of our ancestors. Only by protecting and cherishing such heritage can we pass down our cultural identity to future generations. 范文二（介绍信——给外国朋友介绍中秋节） 题目：A Letter About the Mid-Autumn Festival 语法亮点：非谓语（To begin with, Dating back）、倒装（Not only...but also）、主从复合句（which, because, who） Dear Jack, How’s everything? I’m writing to share with you one of the most important traditional festivals in China—the Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. To begin with, the festival has a history of over 3,000 years. Dating back to ancient times, it was a time to give thanks for the harvest and pray for the moon. The most iconic tradition is eating mooncakes, round pastries filled with sweet or savory fillings, which symbolize family reunion. On that night, families gather together, admire the full moon, and tell stories of Chang’e, the moon goddess. Not only is it a time for feasting, but also it offers a chance for family members who live far away to reunite because it emphasizes the value of togetherness. I remember last Mid-Autumn Festival, my grandmother made mooncakes from scratch, and we sat in the yard, sharing laughter under the silver moonlight. That warm scene deeply touched me. I hope you can experience this festival in China someday—I’m sure you’ll love it! Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文赏析 1.范文一：开篇用非谓语“Located”和“Having served”简洁交代位置与历史；定语从句“which covers”补充规模数据；倒装“Not only...but also”突出双重价值；条件倒装“Only by...can we”强化保护呼吁。全文逻辑清晰，从历史、建筑、意义层层递进，适合说明文。 2.范文二：以介绍信形式呈现，语气亲切。非谓语“To begin with”引入首条信息，“Dating back”补充起源；定语从句“which symbolize”和“who live”丰富句式；倒装“Not only...but also”强调节日双重功能；原因状语从句“because”解释团聚重要性。结尾融入个人经历，增强感染力。 3.两篇范文均包含至少三处高考加分结构，语言地道，内容翔实，可直接背诵并替换主题（如将“故宫”改为“兵马俑”，“中秋节”改为“端午节”）进行仿写。 使用建议： ① 打印本清单后，先通读“话题分析”与“写作框架”，明确不同题目的应对策略； ② 熟记“黄金句式”，并尝试用每个句式造一句关于中国传统文化的新句子； ③ 背诵范文时注意划出非谓语、倒装和复合句，理解其位置和作用； ④ 限时15分钟，根据题目（如介绍长城或春节）仿写一篇，运用本清单素材。 【易错点01 过去分词（短语）作定语 vs. 现在分词（短语）作定语】 【一句话辨异】 The puzzled visitors stood in front of the confusing map, unable to find the ancient castle built in the 12th century, while the guide was showing them the route leading to it. 困惑的游客们站在那张令人困惑的地图前，找不到那座建于12世纪的古城堡，而导游正在给他们展示通往那里的路线。 【助记口诀】 过去分词作定语，被动完成记心里； 现在分词作定语，主动进行要分清； 单个分词前置放，短语分词后置行； 及物动词有被动，不及物动词仅完成。 【错因辨析】 过去分词（短语）作定语是本单元的核心语法重点。与现在分词（短语）作定语的区分是最大易错点。 一、位置规律 类型 位置 示例 单个过去分词 置于被修饰名词前 a broken cup 一个破碎的杯子 过去分词短语 置于被修饰名词后 the book written by Mo Yan 莫言写的书 单个现在分词 置于被修饰名词前 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 现在分词短语 置于被修饰名词后 the boy swimming in the river 在河里游泳的男孩 二、核心区别 过去分词作定语 现在分词作定语 语态 被动关系（及物动词） 主动关系 时态 完成（已发生） 进行（正在发生） 情感类 感到……的（修饰人） 令人……的（修饰物/事） 三、三大易错点 ❌ 易错1：及物动词与不及物动词的过去分词区别 - 及物动词的过去分词：表示被动和完成 - a trained dog 一只受过训练的狗（被动：狗被训练） - 不及物动词的过去分词：仅表示完成，无被动含义 - fallen leaves 落叶（完成：叶子已经落下，无被动） - the risen sun 升起的太阳（完成：太阳已经升起，无被动） - ❌ 错误：fallen leaves 被理解为“被落下的叶子”（✘ 不及物动词无被动） ❌ 易错2：情感类分词修饰对象混淆 - -ed分词（puzzled / excited / interested）：修饰人，表示“感到……的” - a puzzled expression 困惑的表情 - -ing分词（puzzling / exciting / interesting）：修饰物/事，表示“令人……的” - a puzzling problem 令人困惑的问题 - 例句：The puzzling question made all the students puzzled. 这个令人困惑的问题让所有学生都感到困惑。 ❌ 易错3：过去分词短语可替换为定语从句 - The castle built in the 12th century = The castle which was built in the 12th century - 注意：替换时需保持时态和语态一致 【对点训练】 （ ）1. The old castle ______ in the 16th century is now open to the public. A. built B. building C. was built D. being built （ ）2. The ______ look on his face suggested that he didn’t understand the ______ problem at all. A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzled; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzling D. puzzled; puzzled 【易错点02 belong to 的用法（无被动、无进行）】 【一句话辨异】 The ancient sword belongs to my grandfather, and the other treasures belonging to our family have been well preserved for centuries; none of them are belonged to anyone else. 这把古剑属于我祖父，其他属于我们家族的珍宝已经被完好保存了几个世纪；它们不属于任何其他人。 【助记口诀】 belong to 属于谁，没有被动要记牢； 没有进行别乱用，非谓语用doing作后定； belongings 是财产，归属感是a sense of belonging。 【错因辨析】 1. belong to 的基本用法 - 意为“属于；是……的成员” - to 是介词，后接名词或代词宾格 - 例句：This house belongs to my uncle. 这所房子属于我叔叔。 2. 两大核心易错点 易错点 说明 正确示例 错误示例 无被动语态 belong to 是不及物动词短语，不能被用于被动语态 The book belongs to me. The book is belonged to me. ✘ 无进行时态 表示状态，不用于进行时 The house belongs to him. The house is belonging to him. ✘ 3. 非谓语形式 - 作后置定语时，用现在分词（belonging to） - 例句：The old books belonging to my grandfather have been kept for over 50 years. 属于我祖父的那些旧书已经被保存了50多年。 4. 同类词（同样无被动） - happen 发生；take place 发生；break out 爆发；date back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成 5. 派生词 - belongings n. [pl.] 财产；所有物 - a sense of belonging 归属感 【对点训练】 （ ）1. The beautiful vase ______ my grandmother is made of china and has been kept in the family for over 100 years. A. belonging to B. belonged to C. is belonged to D. belongs to （ ）2. The old temple ______ the 12th century and ______ the local government. A. dates back to; is belonged to B. dates back to; belongs to C. is dated back to; belongs to D. is dated back to; is belonged to 【易错点03 join A to B / join in / take part in 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 The engineer decided to join the two parts of the bridge to each other, and then all the workers joined in the celebration; finally, the local people took an active part in the opening ceremony. 工程师决定将桥的两个部分连接起来，然后所有工人都加入了庆祝活动；最后，当地居民积极参加了开幕式。 【助记口诀】 join A to B“A连B”，join in“参加活动”； take part in“起作用”，分清用法不犯错。 【错因辨析】 1. join A to B = connect A to / with B 把A和B连接起来 - 例句：The new road joins the small village to the city. 这条新路把小村庄和城市连接了起来。 - 被动形式：be joined to = be connected with - 例句：The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 这座岛由一座桥与大陆相连。 2. join in 参加（正在进行的活动） - 后接表示活动的名词（discussion, game, celebration等） - 常用：join sb. in (doing) sth. - 例句：Would you like to join in the discussion？ 你愿意加入讨论吗？ 3. take part in 参加（有组织的群众性活动），并在其中发挥作用 - 可与 join in 互换，但 take part in 强调发挥作用 - part前可加修饰语：take an active part in - 例句：Everyone should take an active part in protecting cultural heritage. 每个人都应该积极参与保护文化遗产。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. A new bridge ______ the two historical cities ______ each other, making it easier for tourists to travel between them. A. joins; to B. joins; with C. is joined; to D. joined; and （ ）2. All the students ______ an active ______ the discussion about how to protect the old town. A. joined; in B. took; part in C. joined; to D. took; part of 【易错点04 break down / break out / break into / break away from 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 The old car broke down on the way, and a fire broke out in the engine; the driver broke into the nearby house for help, but the owner wanted to break away from him. 那辆旧车在路上出故障了，引擎突然起了火；司机闯入附近的房子求助，但房主想要摆脱他。 【助记口诀】 break down“出故障/垮掉”，break out“爆发”战火燎； break into“闯入”盗，break away from“脱离/摆脱”跑。 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 用法/例句 break down （机器）出故障；（身体）垮掉；（谈判）破裂 My car broke down on the way to the museum.我的车在去博物馆的路上出故障了。 break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发 A big fire broke out in the old building last night.昨晚那座老建筑发生了大火。 break into 闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等） The thief broke into the house and stole the valuable painting.小偷闯入了房子偷走了那幅珍贵的画。 break away from 脱离；摆脱 Scotland wants to break away from the UK. 苏格兰想要脱离英国。 两大易错点： ❌ 易错1：break out 与 break down 混淆 - break out 指不好的事情突然发生（战争/火灾/疾病） - break down 指机器坏/身体垮/谈判破裂 - 例句：A conflict broke out between the two groups.（✔冲突爆发） - ❌ 错误：A conflict broke down between the two groups.（✘） ❌ 易错2：break into 与 break in 混淆 - break into 后接宾语（闯入某处） - break in 为不及物动词短语，不接宾语 - 例句：The thief broke into the museum.（✔） - 例句：The thief broke in and stole the painting.（✔） 【对点训练】 （ ）1. The peace talks between the two countries ______ because neither side was willing to give in. A. broke out B. broke down C. broke into D. broke away from （ ）2. A terrible disease ______ in the village, and many people ______ their homes to escape. A. broke out; broke away from B. broke down; broke into C. broke into; broke out D. broke away from; broke down 一、默写重点单词（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出本单元所学单词的正确形式。 1. p___________ n. 哲学家 2. b___________ n. 战场；战役 3. f___________ n. 盛宴；节日 4. c___________ n. 习俗；风俗 5. g___________ v. 问候；迎接 6. a___________ n. 成就；成绩 7. l___________ adj. 位置；所在地 8. d___________ n. 后代；后裔 9. r___________ adj. 乡村的；田园的 10. i___________ v. 影响；支配 二、词汇运用（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many customs ________ (pass) down from our ancestors are still kept in our daily life. 2. The ancient paintings ________ (preserve) in the museum attract thousands of visitors every year. 3. Most of the teenagers are ________ (fascinate) by the long history of the old castle. 4. ________ (influence) by his teacher, he shows great interest in traditional culture. 5. The ________ (retire) professor spends most of his time studying ancient philosophy. 6. ________ (devote) to his research work, he almost forgets to eat and sleep. 7. The local museum, which ________ (display) a lot of historical relics, attracts many visitors every year. 8. The customs and traditions of a country ________ (reflect) its unique identity. 9. We should encourage the younger generation to take an active part in ________ (preserve) traditional activities. 10. The old customs still ________ (play) an important role in people‘s daily lives. B. 根据汉语提示完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. The history of this ancient city ________ ________ (追溯) back over 2,000 years. 2. The traditional festival is a time when families get together and ________ ________ (庆祝) their cultural heritage. 3. The old temple, ________ ________ (建于) in the Song Dynasty, is in need of repair. 4. We should respect and protect cultural heritage ________ ________ (为了) future generations. 5. The local government is taking measures to ________ ________ ________ (保护) the traditional customs. 三、重点句型（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句型公式：过去分词短语作定语 The old bridge ________ ________ ________ ________ (由一位农民设计的) attracted many visitors. 2. 句型公式：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. ________ ________ ________ ________ (对年轻人来说……是重要的) to learn and inherit our traditions. 3. 句型公式：非限制性定语从句（which） The old temple, ________ ________ ________ ________ (建于宋朝), is in need of repair. 4. 句型公式：make oneself + 过去分词 When you answer the question in class, you have to ________ ________ ________ (使自己被听到) by the other students. 5. 句型公式：with复合结构 ________ ________ ________ ________ (在……的帮助下) modern technology, we can better preserve historical documents. 四、课文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 History and traditions are an essential part of a nation’s identity. They carry the wisdom and values of past 1.________ (generation). In many countries, people take great pride in 2.________ (they) historical heritage and traditional customs. China, for example, 3.________ (have) a long and rich history. Its traditions, such as the Spring Festival, 4.________ (be) an important part of Chinese culture. The 5.________ (preserve) of cultural heritage is not only a responsibility but also a way 6.________ (connect) us with our roots. Many historical sites 7.________ (protect) by the government to ensure they remain for future generations. Meanwhile, traditional customs 8.________ (pass) down from ancestors are still alive in many rural areas. It is 9.________ (equal) important for the younger generation to learn about their heritage. By understanding the past, we can better appreciate the present and build 10.________ brighter future. 五、阅读理解（共2篇，8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A [2026·原创·平遥古城] Are you looking for a journey to touch the deep roots of Chinese history and traditions? Come to Pingyao Ancient City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with over 2,700 years of glorious history! Located in Shanxi Province, Pingyao is one of the best-preserved ancient Han cities in China. Walk on the well-kept stone streets, and you’ll see grand Ming and Qing-style mansions, ancient city walls that stand firm through time, and old banks that once were the financial center of ancient China — every corner tells a fascinating story of the past. Here, traditions are not just memories but living life. You can watch wonderful folk performances like shadow puppetry and paper-cutting, wear traditional Hanfu to take photos, and taste local snacks that have been enjoyed for centuries. Pingyao is also famous for its unique business culture. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the financial heart of China, with many of the country’s earliest banks located here. The Rishengchang Exchange Shop, established in 1823, is considered the first draft bank in China and played a crucial role in the development of modern Chinese finance. Whether you are a history lover, a culture enthusiast, or simply a traveler seeking an authentic experience, Pingyao Ancient City has something to offer everyone. Come and discover the charm of China’s rich cultural heritage! 1. What can we learn about Pingyao Ancient City from the passage? A. It has a history of over 3,000 years. B. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. C. It was the political center of ancient China. D. It is located in southern China. 2. What does the underlined word “authentic” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Expensive. B. Modern. C. Real and true. D. Boring. 3. What makes Pingyao special according to the passage? A. Its modern buildings and facilities. B. Its well-preserved ancient city and rich traditions. C. Its large population and busy streets. D. Its famous universities and schools. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history and attractions of Pingyao. B. To explain why Pingyao was a financial center. C. To compare Pingyao with other ancient cities. D. To encourage people to study Chinese history. B [2026·原创·文化传承] In today‘s fast-paced world, many traditional customs and practices are at risk of being forgotten. However, in some parts of China, people are making great efforts to keep their cultural heritage alive. In a small village in Jiangxi Province, the local residents have been practicing an ancient paper-making technique for over a thousand years. The paper, known as “Lianshi Paper”, is made from bamboo using traditional methods that have been passed down through generations. Unlike modern paper production, which relies on machines and chemicals, Lianshi Paper is made entirely by hand, using natural materials. Recently, the village has attracted attention from both domestic and international tourists. Visitors can watch the entire paper-making process, from cutting bamboo to drying the finished paper. Some even try their hand at making paper themselves. The village has also set up a small museum to display the history and development of this traditional craft. “We are proud of our heritage,” said Mr. Chen, a 65-year-old craftsman who has been making Lianshi Paper for over 40 years. “But we are also worried. Few young people are willing to learn this skill because it is hard work and doesn’t pay well.” To address this problem, the local government has introduced training programs to attract young people to learn traditional crafts. Schools have also begun to include cultural heritage education in their curricula. With these efforts, there is hope that these ancient traditions will continue to thrive. 5. What is Lianshi Paper made from? A. Wood. B. Bamboo. C. Cotton. D. Plastic. 6. How is Lianshi Paper different from modern paper? A. It is cheaper to produce. B. It is made by hand using natural materials. C. It is produced in large quantities. D. It is used only for special occasions. 7. Why are few young people willing to learn paper-making? A. Because the paper is not popular. B. Because the work is hard and the pay is low. C. Because the government does not support it. D. Because the technique is too easy to learn. 8. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Traditional crafts will soon disappear completely. B. The government and schools are taking action to preserve traditions. C. Young people are not interested in any traditional skills. D. The village has stopped producing Lianshi Paper. 六、七选五（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cultural heritage is the treasure of a nation. 1.________ It includes historical sites, traditional customs, languages, arts, and knowledge that define a community’s identity. Protecting cultural heritage is essential for several reasons. First, it helps us understand our history and where we come from. 2.________ Second, cultural heritage contributes to a sense of belonging and pride among community members. However, cultural heritage faces many threats. Natural disasters, wars, and modernization can all damage or destroy historical sites. 3.________ Many traditional crafts and customs are dying out because younger generations are not learning them. Fortunately, efforts are being made around the world to protect cultural heritage. UNESCO has listed many sites as World Heritage Sites to ensure their protection. 4.________ They work together to preserve and restore important cultural treasures. As individuals, we can also contribute to heritage protection. 5.________ By doing so, we help keep our traditions alive for future generations. A. It is what we inherit from our ancestors. B. We can learn about our local traditions and share them with others. C. All historical sites should be turned into museums. D. Moreover, intangible heritage is also in danger. E. It gives us a sense of identity and continuity. F. Governments and organizations are also taking action. G. Modern technology has no role in heritage protection. 七、书面表达（共1题，15分） 假设你是李华，你校正在举办“弘扬传统文化”主题英语征文活动。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿： 1. 你最喜欢的中国传统文化形式（如节日、手工艺、建筑等）； 2. 它对你的意义和影响； 3. 我们应如何保护和传承传统文化。 注意： - 词数100词左右； - 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； - 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 My Favorite Traditional Culture China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4 History and Traditions 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1.Confucius 孔子 2.mansion n. 公馆;宅第 3.cemetery n. 墓地;公墓 4.philosophy n. 哲学 5.kingdom n. 王国;领域 6.currency n. 通货;货币 7.military adj. 军事的;军用的 8.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制 9.butter n. 黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于 10.honey n. 蜂蜜 11.ancestor n. 祖宗;祖先 12.courtyard n.　 庭院;院子 13.dot n. 点;小(圆)点 vt. 加点;遍布 14.roar vi.& n. 吼叫;咆哮 15.scent n. 气味;气息 16.beer n. (一杯)啤酒 17.stew n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi. 炖;煨 18.sensory adj. 感觉的;感官的 19.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的 20.transition n. 过渡;转变;变迁 21.Roman adj. 古罗马的;罗马的 n. 古罗马人;罗马市民 二、写作词汇： 1.chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长 2.nearby adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近 3.battle n.战役;搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗;奋斗  4.port n.港口(城市) 5 gallery n.(艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊  6.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近 7.landscape n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 8.position n.位置;姿态;职位vt.安装;安置  9.snack n.点心;小吃 10.county n.(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县 11.feast n.盛宴;宴会;节日 12.pub n.酒吧;酒馆 13.wine n.葡萄酒;果酒 三、词汇变形： 1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应→belonging n.归属;(pl.)动产;财物 2.defence n.防御;保卫→defend v.防御;保卫→defensive adj.防御的;保护的 3.legal adj.法律的;合法的→illegal adj.不合法的→legally adv.法律上 4.location n.地方;地点;位置→locate vt.位于;找出……的位置→located adj.坐落于;位于 5.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinate v.使……入迷;迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的 6.eager adj.热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地;急切地→eagerness n.热切;渴望 7.greet vt.问候;迎接→greeting n.问候;致意 8.custom n.风俗;习俗;习惯→customer n.顾客→customs n.海关  9.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 四、拓展词汇 1.join ...to ... 把……和……连接或联结起来  2.break away (from sb/sth) 脱离;背叛;逃脱 3.belong to 属于  4.as well as 同(一样也);和;还  5.keep your eyes open (for) 留心;留意 6.in charge 负责;管理  7.take over 接收;接管  8.leave behind 把……抛在后面;留下;遗留  9.have a great influence on 对……有极大影响 五、熟词生义 1. charge 常见义项：n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电 生义：v. 赋予……责任或任务；猛冲；充满；斟满 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第23页阅读课文“PUZZLES IN THE PALACE”）：The museum charges no entrance fee.（这家博物馆不收门票。） ▶ 常见义项例句：He was charged with theft.（他被指控盗窃。） ▶ 生义例句：Mother charged Alice to take good care of the baby.（妈妈交给艾丽斯一项任务，要她好好照顾宝宝。）；We charged at the enemy.（我们向敌人猛冲过去。）；The room was charged with excitement.（房间里充满了兴奋的气氛。）；Charge your glasses and drink a toast!（斟满酒杯，干杯！） 2. approach 常见义项：n. 方法；途径 生义：n. 接近；靠近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第27页词汇表）：approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近 ▶ 常见义项例句：We need to find a new approach to solving this problem.（我们需要找到一种解决这个问题的新方法。） ▶ 生义例句：The approach of winter brings cold weather.（冬天的临近带来了寒冷的天气。）；As we approached the city centre, we saw a large statue.（当我们接近市中心时，我们看到了一座巨大的雕像。）；He approached me about the job.（他就这份工作与我接洽。） 3. belong 常见义项：vi. 属于 生义：vi. 应在(某处)；适应 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第23页阅读课文“PUZZLES IN THE PALACE”）：This painting belongs in a museum.（这幅画应该放在博物馆里。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This book belongs to me.（这本书是我的。） ▶ 生义例句：She doesn't feel like she belongs in this group.（她觉得自己在这个群体中不适应。） 4. surround 常见义项：vt. 围绕；包围 生义：n. （复数）周围的事物；环境 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第27页词汇表）：surround vt. 围绕；包围 ▶ 常见义项例句：The house is surrounded by trees.（这所房子被树木环绕。） ▶ 生义例句：They live in very pleasant surroundings.（他们生活在非常宜人的环境中。） 5. area 常见义项：n. 地区；区域 生义：n. 领域；方面 ▶ 教材语境（出自教材第23页阅读课文“PUZZLES IN THE PALACE”）：He has a lot of experience in this area.（他在这个领域有很多经验。） ▶ 常见义项例句：This is a residential area.（这是一个居民区。） ▶ 生义例句：She is an expert in the area of finance.（她是金融领域的专家。） 写作 句型 句型公式 1：if 条件状语从句的省略形式（如果……的话） 译文： 那么，如果有什么区别的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？ 译文： 旅行时，如果必要的话，别忘了带上你的护照。 译文： 如果可能的话，在访问一个新的国家之前，试着了解当地的文化。 句型公式 2：with 复合结构（with + 宾语 + 宾补） 译文： “翡翠岛”及其众多绿色郡县的宁静风景堪称一场视觉盛宴，起伏的绿色山丘上点缀着成群的牛羊。 译文： 她走进房间，手里拿着一本书，脸上带着微笑。 译文： 随着问题得到解决，这个团队终于可以专注于下一个项目了。 句型公式 3：it is ＋ adj. ＋ that ...（形式主语结构） 译文： 拥有如此多的美景，爱尔兰形成了包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的强大传统，这一点也不令人惊讶。 译文： 学生从小养成良好的学习习惯是至关重要的。 译文： 显而易见，环境保护在可持续发展中起着至关重要的作用。 语法 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 写作 写一篇英语短文，分享参观历史文化遗址的见闻和感受 1、 知识点精讲 [1. puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt. 迷惑；使困惑] 【教材原句】： Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： solve a puzzle 解决难题 in a puzzle 不知如何是好；感到困惑 puzzle over/about 苦苦思索；对……冥思苦想 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： It puzzled me why the local custom was so different from what I had read about, so I decided to do further research. - 读后续写： Puzzled by the stranger's sudden appearance, the little girl stepped back, her heart racing with fear and curiosity. 【易混辨析】： puzzle 指“谜、难题”，强调令人困惑、需要思考解决的问题；也可作动词表示“使困惑”。 mystery 指“神秘的事物、奥秘”，强调难以理解或无法解释的现象。 riddle 指“谜语”，通常指需要猜出答案的趣味性语言游戏。 典型例句对比： - puzzle: The puzzle of how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids still fascinates scientists. - mystery: The disappearance of the ship remains a mystery to this day. - riddle: The children tried to guess the answer to the riddle. 【单句语法填空】： ① The students were ______ (puzzle) by the teacher's difficult question. ② She spent the whole afternoon ______ (puzzle) over the math problem. ③ It ______ (puzzle) me why he refused the invitation without any reason. 答案：① puzzled ② puzzling ③ puzzles [2. defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护 (美式英语：defense)] 【教材原句】： They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： in defence of 为保卫……；为……辩护 in one's defence 为某人辩护 defence against 防御……；抵御…… defend vt. 防御；保护；辩护 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing in defence of the proposal that we should organize more after-school activities for students. - 读后续写： Without a moment's hesitation, the soldier stood in defence of the crying child, shielding him from the coming danger. 【易混辨析】： defence 指“防御、保卫”，强调抵御攻击或伤害的行为或措施，也可指“辩护”。 protection 指“保护”，强调使某人或某物免受伤害或损失，适用范围更广。 shelter 指“庇护、遮蔽”，强调提供临时安全处所，常指躲避风雨或危险。 典型例句对比： - defence: The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their homeland. - protection: The umbrella offers protection against the rain. - shelter: The homeless man found shelter in an abandoned building. 【单句语法填空】： ① The young man spoke bravely in ______ (defend) of his friend. ② Eating more vegetables can provide good defence ______ various diseases. ③ The soldiers fought ______ (defend) their country against the invaders. 答案：① defence ② against ③ to defend [3. legal adj. 法律的；合法的] 【教材原句】： They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： legal system 法律体系 legal rights 合法权利 illegal adj. 非法的；不合法的（反义词） legally adv. 法律上；合法地 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： It is legally required that all participants sign the agreement before the activity begins. - 读后续写： Realizing that what he had done was illegal, the young man lowered his head and admitted his mistake to the police. 【易混辨析】： legal 指“合法的、法律的”，强调符合法律规定或与法律相关。 lawful 指“合法的、依法的”，强调行为符合法律或道德规范，语气较正式。 典型例句对比： - legal: The new policy has created a more fair legal system. - lawful: The police officer asked to see his lawful documents. 【单句语法填空】： ① The government has taken ______ (legal) measures to protect the environment. ② It is ______ (legal) to drive without a license in most countries. ③ The lawyers are discussing the ______ (legal) aspects of the case. 答案：① legal ② illegal ③ legal [4. surround vt. 围绕；包围] 【教材原句】： Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.（出自教材第40页阅读课文"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"） 【归纳拓展】： be surrounded with/by 被……包围/环绕 surround oneself with 和……在一起；与……为伍 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的 surroundings n.（pl.）周围的事物；环境 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： Surrounded by green trees and colorful flowers, our school provides a perfect environment for students to study. - 读后续写： Standing on the top of the hill, he found himself surrounded by a sea of clouds, as if he were in a fairy tale. 【易混辨析】： surround 指“围绕、包围”，强调从四面八方围住，常指地理或空间上的环绕。 encircle 指“环绕、包围”，强调形成圆圈状包围，语气较强。 enclose 指“围住、封闭”，强调用墙、篱笆等物理障碍将某物圈起来。 典型例句对比： - surround: The house is surrounded by tall trees. - encircle: The enemy troops encircled the city. - enclose: The garden is enclosed by a wooden fence. 【单句语法填空】： ① The children sat ______ (surround) the teacher, listening to the story carefully. ② The house is ______ (surround) by tall trees, so it is very cool in summer. ③ The ______ (surround) towns have been absorbed by the growing city. 答案：① surrounding ② surrounded ③ surrounding [5. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；控告；充电] 【教材原句】： Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.（出自教材第42页阅读课文"READING AND THINKING"） 【归纳拓展】： take charge of 掌管；负责 in charge of 主管；掌管 in the charge of 受……的管理 free of charge 免费 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人（做）某事 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I am writing to confirm that I will take charge of the volunteer activity next Saturday. - 读后续写： In charge of the whole project, the young manager stayed up all night, making sure every detail was perfectly arranged. 【易混辨析】： charge 指“收费、要价”，强调提供服务后索要费用；也可指“指控”或“充电”。 cost 指“花费、成本”，强调购买商品或服务所需支付的金额，主语通常为物。 spend 指“花费（时间/金钱）”，主语通常为人，常用搭配spend...on/doing。 典型例句对比： - charge: The hotel charges $100 for a single room per night. - cost: This new computer cost me over 2,000 dollars. - spend: She spent a lot of money on her new car. 【单句语法填空】： ① The hotel ______ (charge) us $200 for a single room per night. ② The police charged the suspect ______ stealing the valuable painting. ③ All the products in this store can be delivered ______ charge. 答案：① charged ② with ③ of [6. approach n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近] 【教材原句】： （教材中未作为黑体核心词在课文正文中单独出现原句，但在单元词汇表中列为重点词汇，常以 approach to（……的方法）等短语形式在练习中出现。） 【归纳拓展】： (an) approach to (doing) sth. （做）某事的方法 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 approach sb. about sth. 就某事与某人接洽 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： I would like to suggest a new approach to improving our oral English skills—joining the English corner every weekend. - 读后续写： Approaching the dark forest with great caution, the adventurer held his breath, listening for any sign of danger. 【易混辨析】： approach 指“方法、途径”，强调处理问题的方式或思路；也可指“接近、靠近”。 method 指“方法、办法”，强调系统的、有条理的程序或方式。 way 指“方式、方法”，最通用，既可指具体方法也可指抽象方式。 means 指“手段、方法”，强调为实现目的而使用的方式或工具。 典型例句对比： - approach: This is a new approach to teaching languages. - method: We need to improve our research methods. - way: There are many ways to solve this problem. - means: We should use every possible means to protect the environment. 【单句语法填空】： ① We need to find a new approach ______ solving this complex problem. ② The train is ______ (approach) the station slowly. ③ He approached his parents ______ the possibility of studying abroad. 答案：① to ② approaching ③ about [7. custom n. 风俗；习俗；习惯] 【教材原句】： （custom作为单元重点词汇出现在Unit 4词汇表中，Reading for Writing部分涉及文化习俗话题） 【归纳拓展】： custom of doing sth. 做某事的习俗 local/traditional custom 当地/传统习俗 It is the custom (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）做某事是习俗 customs n.（pl.）海关 customer n. 顾客；客户 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： As the local custom requires, we should arrive at the ceremony at least 15 minutes earlier. - 读后续写： Following the old custom, the villagers lit lanterns and floated them down the river, their wishes carried away by the gentle current. 【易混辨析】： custom 指“风俗、习俗”，强调特定社会或群体长期形成的传统行为方式。 habit 指“习惯”，强调个人因反复做某事而形成的固定行为方式。 tradition 指“传统”，强调代代相传的信仰、习俗或价值观，范围比custom更广。 典型例句对比： - custom: It is the custom in this country to give presents at Christmas. - habit: He has a habit of biting his nails when he is nervous. - tradition: The university has a long tradition of academic excellence. 【单句语法填空】： ① It is the ______ (customary) for people in this area to eat dumplings on New Year's Eve. ② The ______ (custom) of giving red envelopes during festivals is very popular in China. ③ Different countries have different ______ (custom) and traditions. 答案：① customary ② custom ③ customs [8. striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的] 【教材原句】： A striking image.（出自教材第45页单元练习部分） 【归纳拓展】： striking contrast 鲜明的对比 striking similarity 惊人的相似性 striking feature 显著特征 strikingly adv. 引人注目地；显著地 【写作佳句】： - 应用文： The most striking advantage of this program is that it offers students a chance to experience different cultures firsthand. - 读后续写： Striking as the beauty of the sunset was, it was the old man's gentle smile that touched her heart most deeply. 【易混辨析】： striking 指“引人注目的、显著的”，强调因独特或突出而容易引起注意。 noticeable 指“显而易见的”，强调容易被察觉或注意到。 remarkable 指“非凡的、卓越的”，强调因优秀或特别而值得关注。 典型例句对比： - striking: There is a striking contrast between the old and new parts of the city. - noticeable: There has been a noticeable improvement in her English. - remarkable: He has made remarkable progress in his studies. 【单句语法填空】： ① The differences between the two cultures are quite ______ (strike). ② She was attracted by the ______ (strike) idea of the young inventor. ③ There is a ______ (strike) resemblance between the two brothers. 答案：① striking ② striking ③ striking 2、 核心语法精讲 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 【感知·语法规律】 （一）教材原文感知 1."We should respect the inherited traditions from our ancestors." "inherited" 作定语，修饰名词 "traditions"，表示“被继承的”传统，既表完成又表被动。 2."I found myself deeply moved by the story." "moved" 作宾语 "myself" 的补足语，说明宾语的状态，“发现自己被深深感动”。 3."They heard the song sung in a different language." "sung" 作宾语 "the song" 的补足语，表示“听到歌被用另一种语言演唱”。 （二）高考真题感知 以下高考真题考查过去分词作定语（频率较高），以及相应改编题考查过去分词作宾语补足语（频率较低）。 1.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空 第63题）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】：held 【解析】：动词“hold”与逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间为被动关系（论坛被举办），且动作已完成，故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“Forum”。 改编题： Cao considered the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in Beijing as a great tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 【答案】：held 【解析】：此处为“过去分词作宾语补足语”结构。谓语动词“considered”后接宾语“the Belt and Road Forum”，宾语与补足语“hold”之间为被动关系（论坛被举办），故用过去分词“held”作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态。 2.（2022年全国乙卷语法填空 第66题）It can help to build a community with a ______ (share) future for mankind," he said. 【答案】：shared 【解析】：动词“share”与名词“future”之间为被动关系（未来被人类共享），故用过去分词作前置定语，修饰“future”。 改编题： We should work together to make the future of mankind ______ (share) by all countries around the world. 【答案】：shared 【解析】：动词“share”与宾语“the future of mankind”之间为被动关系（未来被各国共享），故用过去分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“future”的状态。 3.（2023年全国甲卷语法填空 第46题）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ______ (intend) for everyone. 【答案】：intended 【解析】：固定搭配“be intended for”意为“打算为……所用”，此处用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“message”，表示“旨在传达给每个人的信息”。 改编题： The teacher wanted the message ______ (intend) for every student, so she repeated it several times. 【答案】：intended 【解析】：动词“intend”与宾语“the message”之间为被动关系（信息被打算传达给学生），故用过去分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“message”的用途。 4.（2023年全国乙卷语法填空 第62题）... with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】：built 【解析】：动词“build”与逻辑主语“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系（环城公路系统被建造），故用过去分词作定语，修饰“system”。 改编题： The government had the system of ring roads ______ (build) carefully to ease the traffic pressure. 【答案】：built 【解析】：动词“build”与宾语“the system of ring roads”之间为被动关系（道路系统被建造），故用过去分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“system”的状态。 5.（2023年新课标Ⅰ卷语法填空 第39题）Shanghai may be the ______ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. 【答案】：recognized 【解析】：动词“recognize”与名词“home”之间为被动关系（上海被公认为小笼包之乡），故用过去分词作定语，修饰“home”，意为“被公认的”。 改编题： Food historians have long considered Shanghai ______ (recognize) as the home of soup dumplings. 【答案】：recognized 【解析】：动词“recognize”与宾语“Shanghai”之间为被动关系（上海被公认），故用过去分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“Shanghai”的身份。 6.（2024年新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空 第60题）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 【答案】：inspired 【解析】：动词“inspire”与逻辑主语“pavilion”之间为被动关系（亭子受到《牡丹亭》的启发），故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“pavilion”。 改编题： The designer found the pavilion ______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, which gave it a unique artistic style. 【答案】：inspired 【解析】：动词“inspire”与宾语“the pavilion”之间为被动关系（亭子受到《牡丹亭》启发），故用过去分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“pavilion”的灵感来源。 7.（2024年1月浙江首考语法填空 第63题）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions. 【答案】：designed 【解析】：动词“design”与逻辑主语“packs”之间为被动关系（包装被设计成两半），故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“packs”。 改编题： The supermarket wants the packs ______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions to attract more customers. 【答案】：designed 【解析】：动词“design”与宾语“the packs”之间为被动关系（包装被设计成两半），故用过去分词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语“packs”的设计特征。 【精讲·语法知识】 （一）构成详解 现在进行时的被动语态核心是"强调动作正在被进行"，结构需同时体现"现在进行时"和"被动语态"的特征： 基础结构：am/is/are + being + 过去分词 （二）用法分类 过去分词作定语 1.位置与功能：单个过去分词作定语常置于名词前；过去分词短语作定语则置于名词后，相当于一个省略形式的定语从句。 例句：a broken window (= a window that has been broken) （前置） 例句：the problems discussed at the meeting (= the problems that were discussed at the meeting) （后置） 2.语义特征：表示被动和完成的意义。 例句：a written report （报告是被写的，且已写完） 例句：fallen leaves （树叶是自然掉落的，且已落下） 3.与现在分词作定语的区别： 过去分词：表被动/完成（a boiled egg 一个被煮熟的鸡蛋） 现在分词：表主动/进行（a boiling egg 一个正在被煮的鸡蛋） 典例：选择：The news was so ______ (excited/exciting) that everyone felt ______ (excited/exciting). 【答案】：exciting; excited。解析：exciting (令人兴奋的) 修饰物，表主动；excited (感到兴奋的) 修饰人，表被动感受。 过去分词作宾语补足语 1.常见动词：常用于感觉动词（see, hear, feel, watch, find等）和使役动词（make, have, get, keep, leave等）之后。 例句：I heard my name called. （感觉动词后） 例句：He had his hair cut yesterday. （使役动词have后，表让别人做） 例句：Please keep us informed of the news. （使役动词keep后，表状态） 2.功能：说明宾语的性质、状态或动作的结果，且与宾语构成被动关系。 例句：She found the door locked. （发现门被锁着） 例句：The boss wanted the report typed immediately. （希望报告被立即打好） 3.与不定式作宾补的区别： 过去分词：强调动作的完成或结果（I saw the thief caught. 我看见小偷被抓了。） 不带to的不定式：强调动作的全过程（I saw the thief steal the wallet. 我看见小偷偷了钱包。） 典例：选择：I heard someone ______ (singing/sing/sung) the song in English. (强调正在唱) 【答案】：singing。解析：此处强调“听到有人正在唱”，用现在分词作宾补。若用sung，则表示“听到歌被唱”，宾语应为"the song"。 （三）特殊注意事项 1.某些不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语/宾补，仅表完成，不表被动（如 fallen leaves, a retired teacher, the disappeared child）。 典例：选择：There are many ______ (fallen/falling) leaves on the ground in autumn. 【答案】：fallen。解析：fall为不及物动词，fallen leaves表示“已落下的叶子”，只表完成，无被动。 2.注意“have sth done”结构的两种含义：① 让/叫别人做某事（主语有意） ② 遭遇某种不幸（主语无意） 例句：I had my computer repaired. (我让人修了电脑。) 例句：I had my wallet stolen. (我的钱包被偷了。) 典例：译文：他昨天理发了。 【答案】：He had his hair cut yesterday. 【对点练习】 （一）单句填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1.The ______ (lose) key has been found. 【答案】：lost。解析：过去分词作定语，修饰key，表“被丢失的”。 2.When I entered the room, I found the window ______ (break). 【答案】：broken。解析：过去分词作宾语"window"的补足语，表“被发现是破的”。 3.You need to get your passport ______ (renew) before traveling abroad. 【答案】：renewed。解析：get sth done结构，表“使护照被更新”。 （二）选项填空 1.The ______ children were waiting for the results of the competition. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. excitement 【答案】：B。解析：修饰人"children"，表示“感到兴奋的”，用excited。 2.The speaker raised his voice to make himself ______. A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear 【答案】：C。解析：make oneself done结构，表示“使自己被听到”，用heard。 3.With all the tasks ______ (complete), they went home happily. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. complete 【答案】：C。解析：with的复合结构，tasks与complete是被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词completed。 （三）单句改错 1.I saw the boy knocking down by the car. 【答案】：knocking 改为 knocked。解析：see sth done结构，boy是被撞倒，用过去分词knocked作宾补。 2.The question discussing now is of great importance. 【答案】：discussing 改为 discussed 或 being discussed。解析：question是被讨论，需用过去分词作定语。若强调正在被讨论，可用being discussed。 3.She had her cellphone steal on the bus yesterday. 【答案】：steal 改为 stolen。解析：have sth done结构，手机是被偷，用过去分词stolen。 （四）翻译句子 1.医生将会让他的伤口立刻得到处理。 The doctor will have his wound treated immediately. 2.读者们发现这本新出版的小说非常引人入胜。 Readers find the newly published novel very fascinating. 3.由于所有的钱都花光了，他不得不找一份工作。 With all the money spent, he had to find a job. 三、单元写作清单 写作清单：History and Traditions 适用体裁：说明文、介绍信、记叙文、演讲稿 常见话题：历史遗迹、传统节日、文化习俗、中外文化对比 1. 话题分析 维度 具体内容 核心议题 历史与传统是民族文化的根脉，涵盖历史遗迹（如长城、金字塔）、传统节日（如春节、感恩节）、风俗习惯（如茶道、婚礼礼仪）等。 常见命题角度 ① 介绍一处历史名胜或文化遗产； ② 讲述一个传统节日的起源、习俗和意义； ③ 比较中外文化差异（如中英餐桌礼仪）； ④ 针对历史保护或传统传承提出建议； ⑤ 记叙一次参与传统文化活动的经历。 写作要点 - 时态：介绍客观事实用一般现在时；叙述历史事件或过去经历用一般过去时； - 文化准确性：确保名称、日期、习俗描述无误； - 情感基调：体现对文化的尊重与自豪，避免刻板印象； - 逻辑层次：按时间、空间或重要性顺序组织内容。 2. 写作框架（分体裁） 体裁 开头（引入） 主体（展开） 结尾（总结） 说明文 引出介绍对象 + 总体评价（例：The Great Wall, which winds across northern China, is a masterpiece of ancient engineering.） 分方面：① 历史背景（建造时间、原因）；② 特色亮点（规模、设计）；③ 现今地位（旅游、象征意义）。 总结价值 + 展望（例：As a World Heritage Site, it will continue to inspire generations.） 介绍信 问候 + 写信目的（例：I’m writing to tell you about the Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese holiday.） 按顺序介绍：时间 → 起源 → 主要活动（如赛龙舟、吃粽子）→ 意义。 邀请体验 + 期待回复（例：I hope you can come and experience it yourself one day.） 记叙文 时间/地点/人物 + 事件背景（例：Last Spring Festival, I helped my grandmother make dumplings and learned about its symbolic meaning.） 按时间顺序：起因（节日来临）→ 经过（准备、庆祝细节）→ 高潮（最难忘的一幕）。 感悟 + 主题升华（例：This tradition connected me to my roots in a way I had never felt before.） 演讲稿 称呼听众 + 引出主题 + 引起兴趣（例：Have you ever wondered why millions of people travel to see ancient ruins?） 论点①（历史的价值）→ 论点②（传统的传承）→ 论点③（我们的责任），辅以实例。 呼吁行动 + 结束语（例：Let’s protect our heritage so that future generations can enjoy it. Thank you.） 3.写作素材 核心词汇（分类） 类别 词汇 历史与遗产 heritage（遗产）, relic（遗迹）, dynasty（朝代）, civilization（文明）, archaeology（考古）, preservation（保护） 节日与习俗 custom（习俗）, ceremony（仪式）, feast（盛宴）, parade（游行）, legend（传说）, ancestor（祖先） 地点与建筑 monument（纪念碑）, temple（寺庙）, castle（城堡）, tomb（陵墓）, ruin（废墟）, landmark（地标） 动作与行为 originate（起源）, commemorate（纪念）, observe（庆祝）, inherit（传承）, explore（探索）, restore（修复） 描述词 ancient（古老的）, magnificent（宏伟的）, symbolic（象征的）, unique（独特的）, well-preserved（保存完好的） 黄金句式（按功能） 功能 句式 引入话题 ① Dating back to the Ming Dynasty, the temple has a history of over 600 years.（非谓语） ② It is widely acknowledged that traditional festivals reflect the wisdom of our ancestors.（主语从句） 描述细节 ① The celebration, which includes dragon boat races and eating zongzi, is full of excitement.（非限制性定语从句） ② Built entirely of wood without nails, the pagoda is an architectural wonder.（非谓语） 分析意义 ① Not only does it preserve our history, but also it strengthens family bonds.（倒装） ② The reason why we value these traditions is that they give us a sense of identity.（表语从句） 提出建议/呼吁 ① Only by learning about our past can we better understand our present.（倒装） ② It is high time that we took measures to protect these endangered historical sites.（虚拟语气） 比较文化 ① While Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival, Americans observe Thanksgiving.（让步状语） ② Unlike Western weddings, Chinese weddings feature red as the dominant color.（介词短语） 4. 范文背诵 范文一（说明文——介绍故宫） 题目：The Forbidden City: A Symbol of Chinese History 语法亮点：非谓语（Located, Having served）、倒装（Not only...but also）、主从复合句（which, when） The Forbidden City: A Symbol of Chinese History Located in the heart of Beijing, the Forbidden City is one of the world’s largest and best-preserved ancient palace complexes. Having served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it witnessed the rise and fall of Chinese feudal society. The complex, which covers 720,000 square meters, consists of over 90 palace courtyards and 980 buildings. Its golden roofs and red walls are not just beautiful—each color and pattern carries symbolic meanings, such as yellow representing imperial power. Not only is it a masterpiece of traditional architecture, but also it houses countless cultural relics, including paintings, calligraphy, and jade treasures. Today, the Forbidden City attracts millions of tourists from around the world. When visitors walk through its grand gates, they are transported back in time. This historic site reminds us of the wisdom and craftsmanship of our ancestors. Only by protecting and cherishing such heritage can we pass down our cultural identity to future generations. 范文二（介绍信——给外国朋友介绍中秋节） 题目：A Letter About the Mid-Autumn Festival 语法亮点：非谓语（To begin with, Dating back）、倒装（Not only...but also）、主从复合句（which, because, who） Dear Jack, How’s everything? I’m writing to share with you one of the most important traditional festivals in China—the Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. To begin with, the festival has a history of over 3,000 years. Dating back to ancient times, it was a time to give thanks for the harvest and pray for the moon. The most iconic tradition is eating mooncakes, round pastries filled with sweet or savory fillings, which symbolize family reunion. On that night, families gather together, admire the full moon, and tell stories of Chang’e, the moon goddess. Not only is it a time for feasting, but also it offers a chance for family members who live far away to reunite because it emphasizes the value of togetherness. I remember last Mid-Autumn Festival, my grandmother made mooncakes from scratch, and we sat in the yard, sharing laughter under the silver moonlight. That warm scene deeply touched me. I hope you can experience this festival in China someday—I’m sure you’ll love it! Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文赏析 1.范文一：开篇用非谓语“Located”和“Having served”简洁交代位置与历史；定语从句“which covers”补充规模数据；倒装“Not only...but also”突出双重价值；条件倒装“Only by...can we”强化保护呼吁。全文逻辑清晰，从历史、建筑、意义层层递进，适合说明文。 2.范文二：以介绍信形式呈现，语气亲切。非谓语“To begin with”引入首条信息，“Dating back”补充起源；定语从句“which symbolize”和“who live”丰富句式；倒装“Not only...but also”强调节日双重功能；原因状语从句“because”解释团聚重要性。结尾融入个人经历，增强感染力。 3.两篇范文均包含至少三处高考加分结构，语言地道，内容翔实，可直接背诵并替换主题（如将“故宫”改为“兵马俑”，“中秋节”改为“端午节”）进行仿写。 使用建议： ① 打印本清单后，先通读“话题分析”与“写作框架”，明确不同题目的应对策略； ② 熟记“黄金句式”，并尝试用每个句式造一句关于中国传统文化的新句子； ③ 背诵范文时注意划出非谓语、倒装和复合句，理解其位置和作用； ④ 限时15分钟，根据题目（如介绍长城或春节）仿写一篇，运用本清单素材。 【易错点01 过去分词（短语）作定语 vs. 现在分词（短语）作定语】 【一句话辨异】 The puzzled visitors stood in front of the confusing map, unable to find the ancient castle built in the 12th century, while the guide was showing them the route leading to it. 困惑的游客们站在那张令人困惑的地图前，找不到那座建于12世纪的古城堡，而导游正在给他们展示通往那里的路线。 【助记口诀】 过去分词作定语，被动完成记心里； 现在分词作定语，主动进行要分清； 单个分词前置放，短语分词后置行； 及物动词有被动，不及物动词仅完成。 【错因辨析】 过去分词（短语）作定语是本单元的核心语法重点。与现在分词（短语）作定语的区分是最大易错点。 一、位置规律 类型 位置 示例 单个过去分词 置于被修饰名词前 a broken cup 一个破碎的杯子 过去分词短语 置于被修饰名词后 the book written by Mo Yan 莫言写的书 单个现在分词 置于被修饰名词前 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 现在分词短语 置于被修饰名词后 the boy swimming in the river 在河里游泳的男孩 二、核心区别 过去分词作定语 现在分词作定语 语态 被动关系（及物动词） 主动关系 时态 完成（已发生） 进行（正在发生） 情感类 感到……的（修饰人） 令人……的（修饰物/事） 三、三大易错点 ❌ 易错1：及物动词与不及物动词的过去分词区别 - 及物动词的过去分词：表示被动和完成 - a trained dog 一只受过训练的狗（被动：狗被训练） - 不及物动词的过去分词：仅表示完成，无被动含义 - fallen leaves 落叶（完成：叶子已经落下，无被动） - the risen sun 升起的太阳（完成：太阳已经升起，无被动） - ❌ 错误：fallen leaves 被理解为“被落下的叶子”（✘ 不及物动词无被动） ❌ 易错2：情感类分词修饰对象混淆 - -ed分词（puzzled / excited / interested）：修饰人，表示“感到……的” - a puzzled expression 困惑的表情 - -ing分词（puzzling / exciting / interesting）：修饰物/事，表示“令人……的” - a puzzling problem 令人困惑的问题 - 例句：The puzzling question made all the students puzzled. 这个令人困惑的问题让所有学生都感到困惑。 ❌ 易错3：过去分词短语可替换为定语从句 - The castle built in the 12th century = The castle which was built in the 12th century - 注意：替换时需保持时态和语态一致 【对点训练】 （ ）1. The old castle ______ in the 16th century is now open to the public. A. built B. building C. was built D. being built 【答案】A 【解析】句意“建于16世纪的那座古城堡现在向公众开放”。castle与build之间为被动关系（城堡被建造），且动作已完成，应用过去分词built作后置定语，相当于which was built。B为现在分词表主动；C为谓语动词，句中已有is；D为被动进行，不符合语境。故选A。 （ ）2. The ______ look on his face suggested that he didn’t understand the ______ problem at all. A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzled; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzling D. puzzled; puzzled 【答案】B 【解析】句意“他脸上困惑的表情表明他完全没理解这个令人困惑的问题”。第一空修饰look（表情），指人“感到困惑的”，用puzzled；第二空修饰problem（问题），指“令人困惑的”，用puzzling。故选B。 【易错点02 belong to 的用法（无被动、无进行）】 【一句话辨异】 The ancient sword belongs to my grandfather, and the other treasures belonging to our family have been well preserved for centuries; none of them are belonged to anyone else. 这把古剑属于我祖父，其他属于我们家族的珍宝已经被完好保存了几个世纪；它们不属于任何其他人。 【助记口诀】 belong to 属于谁，没有被动要记牢； 没有进行别乱用，非谓语用doing作后定； belongings 是财产，归属感是a sense of belonging。 【错因辨析】 1. belong to 的基本用法 - 意为“属于；是……的成员” - to 是介词，后接名词或代词宾格 - 例句：This house belongs to my uncle. 这所房子属于我叔叔。 2. 两大核心易错点 易错点 说明 正确示例 错误示例 无被动语态 belong to 是不及物动词短语，不能被用于被动语态 The book belongs to me. The book is belonged to me. ✘ 无进行时态 表示状态，不用于进行时 The house belongs to him. The house is belonging to him. ✘ 3. 非谓语形式 - 作后置定语时，用现在分词（belonging to） - 例句：The old books belonging to my grandfather have been kept for over 50 years. 属于我祖父的那些旧书已经被保存了50多年。 4. 同类词（同样无被动） - happen 发生；take place 发生；break out 爆发；date back to 追溯到；consist of 由……组成 5. 派生词 - belongings n. [pl.] 财产；所有物 - a sense of belonging 归属感 【对点训练】 （ ）1. The beautiful vase ______ my grandmother is made of china and has been kept in the family for over 100 years. A. belonging to B. belonged to C. is belonged to D. belongs to 【答案】A 【解析】句意“属于我祖母的那个漂亮花瓶是瓷制的，已经被家族保存了100多年”。句中已有谓语is made，此处需填非谓语形式作定语。belong to无被动，不能用过去分词belonged；应用现在分词belonging to作后置定语。故选A。 （ ）2. The old temple ______ the 12th century and ______ the local government. A. dates back to; is belonged to B. dates back to; belongs to C. is dated back to; belongs to D. is dated back to; is belonged to 【答案】B 【解析】date back to（追溯到）和belong to（属于）均为不及物动词短语，都不能用于被动语态。date back to用主动形式，belong to用主动形式。故选B。 【易错点03 join A to B / join in / take part in 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 The engineer decided to join the two parts of the bridge to each other, and then all the workers joined in the celebration; finally, the local people took an active part in the opening ceremony. 工程师决定将桥的两个部分连接起来，然后所有工人都加入了庆祝活动；最后，当地居民积极参加了开幕式。 【助记口诀】 join A to B“A连B”，join in“参加活动”； take part in“起作用”，分清用法不犯错。 【错因辨析】 1. join A to B = connect A to / with B 把A和B连接起来 - 例句：The new road joins the small village to the city. 这条新路把小村庄和城市连接了起来。 - 被动形式：be joined to = be connected with - 例句：The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 这座岛由一座桥与大陆相连。 2. join in 参加（正在进行的活动） - 后接表示活动的名词（discussion, game, celebration等） - 常用：join sb. in (doing) sth. - 例句：Would you like to join in the discussion？ 你愿意加入讨论吗？ 3. take part in 参加（有组织的群众性活动），并在其中发挥作用 - 可与 join in 互换，但 take part in 强调发挥作用 - part前可加修饰语：take an active part in - 例句：Everyone should take an active part in protecting cultural heritage. 每个人都应该积极参与保护文化遗产。 【对点训练】 （ ）1. A new bridge ______ the two historical cities ______ each other, making it easier for tourists to travel between them. A. joins; to B. joins; with C. is joined; to D. joined; and 【答案】A 【解析】句意“一座新桥将这两座历史名城连接在一起，使游客在两地之间旅行更加方便”。join A to B为固定搭配，表示“把A和B连接起来”。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。故选A。 （ ）2. All the students ______ an active ______ the discussion about how to protect the old town. A. joined; in B. took; part in C. joined; to D. took; part of 【答案】B 【解析】句意“所有学生都积极参与了关于如何保护古城的讨论”。take an active part in为固定搭配，表示“积极参与……”。join in也可表示参加活动，但不能与an active搭配。故选B。 【易错点04 break down / break out / break into / break away from 辨析】 【一句话辨异】 The old car broke down on the way, and a fire broke out in the engine; the driver broke into the nearby house for help, but the owner wanted to break away from him. 那辆旧车在路上出故障了，引擎突然起了火；司机闯入附近的房子求助，但房主想要摆脱他。 【助记口诀】 break down“出故障/垮掉”，break out“爆发”战火燎； break into“闯入”盗，break away from“脱离/摆脱”跑。 【错因辨析】 短语 含义 用法/例句 break down （机器）出故障；（身体）垮掉；（谈判）破裂 My car broke down on the way to the museum.我的车在去博物馆的路上出故障了。 break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发 A big fire broke out in the old building last night.昨晚那座老建筑发生了大火。 break into 闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等） The thief broke into the house and stole the valuable painting.小偷闯入了房子偷走了那幅珍贵的画。 break away from 脱离；摆脱 Scotland wants to break away from the UK. 苏格兰想要脱离英国。 两大易错点： ❌ 易错1：break out 与 break down 混淆 - break out 指不好的事情突然发生（战争/火灾/疾病） - break down 指机器坏/身体垮/谈判破裂 - 例句：A conflict broke out between the two groups.（✔冲突爆发） - ❌ 错误：A conflict broke down between the two groups.（✘） ❌ 易错2：break into 与 break in 混淆 - break into 后接宾语（闯入某处） - break in 为不及物动词短语，不接宾语 - 例句：The thief broke into the museum.（✔） - 例句：The thief broke in and stole the painting.（✔） 【对点训练】 （ ）1. The peace talks between the two countries ______ because neither side was willing to give in. A. broke out B. broke down C. broke into D. broke away from 【答案】B 【解析】句意“两国之间的和平谈判破裂了，因为双方都不愿意让步”。谈判“破裂”用break down。break out指战争/火灾“爆发”；break into指“闯入”；break away from指“脱离”。故选B。 （ ）2. A terrible disease ______ in the village, and many people ______ their homes to escape. A. broke out; broke away from B. broke down; broke into C. broke into; broke out D. broke away from; broke down 【答案】A 【解析】句意“一场可怕的疾病在那个村庄爆发了，许多人逃离了家园”。疾病“爆发”用break out；逃离/脱离家园用break away from。故选A。 一、默写重点单词（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出本单元所学单词的正确形式。 1. p___________ n. 哲学家 2. b___________ n. 战场；战役 3. f___________ n. 盛宴；节日 4. c___________ n. 习俗；风俗 5. g___________ v. 问候；迎接 6. a___________ n. 成就；成绩 7. l___________ adj. 位置；所在地 8. d___________ n. 后代；后裔 9. r___________ adj. 乡村的；田园的 10. i___________ v. 影响；支配 【答案】 1. philosopher 2. battlefield 3. feast 4. custom 5. greet 6. achievement 7. location 8. descendant 9. rural 10. influence 二、词汇运用（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） A. 用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many customs ________ (pass) down from our ancestors are still kept in our daily life. 2. The ancient paintings ________ (preserve) in the museum attract thousands of visitors every year. 3. Most of the teenagers are ________ (fascinate) by the long history of the old castle. 4. ________ (influence) by his teacher, he shows great interest in traditional culture. 5. The ________ (retire) professor spends most of his time studying ancient philosophy. 6. ________ (devote) to his research work, he almost forgets to eat and sleep. 7. The local museum, which ________ (display) a lot of historical relics, attracts many visitors every year. 8. The customs and traditions of a country ________ (reflect) its unique identity. 9. We should encourage the younger generation to take an active part in ________ (preserve) traditional activities. 10. The old customs still ________ (play) an important role in people‘s daily lives. 【答案】 1. passed 2. preserved 3. fascinated 4. Influenced 5. retired 6. Devoted 7. displays 8. reflect 9. preserving 10. play B. 根据汉语提示完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 1. The history of this ancient city ________ ________ (追溯) back over 2,000 years. 2. The traditional festival is a time when families get together and ________ ________ (庆祝) their cultural heritage. 3. The old temple, ________ ________ (建于) in the Song Dynasty, is in need of repair. 4. We should respect and protect cultural heritage ________ ________ (为了) future generations. 5. The local government is taking measures to ________ ________ ________ (保护) the traditional customs. 【答案】 1. dates 2. celebrate 3. which was built 4. for 5. preserve 三、重点句型（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句型公式：过去分词短语作定语 The old bridge ________ ________ ________ ________ (由一位农民设计的) attracted many visitors. 2. 句型公式：It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. ________ ________ ________ ________ (对年轻人来说……是重要的) to learn and inherit our traditions. 3. 句型公式：非限制性定语从句（which） The old temple, ________ ________ ________ ________ (建于宋朝), is in need of repair. 4. 句型公式：make oneself + 过去分词 When you answer the question in class, you have to ________ ________ ________ (使自己被听到) by the other students. 5. 句型公式：with复合结构 ________ ________ ________ ________ (在……的帮助下) modern technology, we can better preserve historical documents. 【答案】 1. designed by a farmer 2. It is important for the younger generation 3. which was built in the Song Dynasty 4. make yourself heard 5. With the help of 四、课文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 History and traditions are an essential part of a nation’s identity. They carry the wisdom and values of past 1.________ (generation). In many countries, people take great pride in 2.________ (they) historical heritage and traditional customs. China, for example, 3.________ (have) a long and rich history. Its traditions, such as the Spring Festival, 4.________ (be) an important part of Chinese culture. The 5.________ (preserve) of cultural heritage is not only a responsibility but also a way 6.________ (connect) us with our roots. Many historical sites 7.________ (protect) by the government to ensure they remain for future generations. Meanwhile, traditional customs 8.________ (pass) down from ancestors are still alive in many rural areas. It is 9.________ (equal) important for the younger generation to learn about their heritage. By understanding the past, we can better appreciate the present and build 10.________ brighter future. 【答案】 1. generations 2. their 3. has 4. are 5. preservation 6. to connect 7. are protected 8. passed 9. equally 10. a 五、阅读理解（共2篇，8小题，每小题2.5分，共20分） A [2026·原创·平遥古城] Are you looking for a journey to touch the deep roots of Chinese history and traditions? Come to Pingyao Ancient City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with over 2,700 years of glorious history! Located in Shanxi Province, Pingyao is one of the best-preserved ancient Han cities in China. Walk on the well-kept stone streets, and you’ll see grand Ming and Qing-style mansions, ancient city walls that stand firm through time, and old banks that once were the financial center of ancient China — every corner tells a fascinating story of the past. Here, traditions are not just memories but living life. You can watch wonderful folk performances like shadow puppetry and paper-cutting, wear traditional Hanfu to take photos, and taste local snacks that have been enjoyed for centuries. Pingyao is also famous for its unique business culture. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the financial heart of China, with many of the country’s earliest banks located here. The Rishengchang Exchange Shop, established in 1823, is considered the first draft bank in China and played a crucial role in the development of modern Chinese finance. Whether you are a history lover, a culture enthusiast, or simply a traveler seeking an authentic experience, Pingyao Ancient City has something to offer everyone. Come and discover the charm of China’s rich cultural heritage! 1. What can we learn about Pingyao Ancient City from the passage? A. It has a history of over 3,000 years. B. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. C. It was the political center of ancient China. D. It is located in southern China. 2. What does the underlined word “authentic” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Expensive. B. Modern. C. Real and true. D. Boring. 3. What makes Pingyao special according to the passage? A. Its modern buildings and facilities. B. Its well-preserved ancient city and rich traditions. C. Its large population and busy streets. D. Its famous universities and schools. 4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the history and attractions of Pingyao. B. To explain why Pingyao was a financial center. C. To compare Pingyao with other ancient cities. D. To encourage people to study Chinese history. 【答案】 1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“a UNESCO World Heritage Site”可知，平遥古城是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。 2. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文，作者邀请旅行者体验真实的中国传统文化，“authentic experience”意为“真实的体验”，故选C。 3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，平遥的特色在于保存完好的古城和丰富的传统文化。 4. A【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍平遥古城的历史和特色景点，目的是吸引游客前往。 B [2026·原创·文化传承] In today‘s fast-paced world, many traditional customs and practices are at risk of being forgotten. However, in some parts of China, people are making great efforts to keep their cultural heritage alive. In a small village in Jiangxi Province, the local residents have been practicing an ancient paper-making technique for over a thousand years. The paper, known as “Lianshi Paper”, is made from bamboo using traditional methods that have been passed down through generations. Unlike modern paper production, which relies on machines and chemicals, Lianshi Paper is made entirely by hand, using natural materials. Recently, the village has attracted attention from both domestic and international tourists. Visitors can watch the entire paper-making process, from cutting bamboo to drying the finished paper. Some even try their hand at making paper themselves. The village has also set up a small museum to display the history and development of this traditional craft. “We are proud of our heritage,” said Mr. Chen, a 65-year-old craftsman who has been making Lianshi Paper for over 40 years. “But we are also worried. Few young people are willing to learn this skill because it is hard work and doesn’t pay well.” To address this problem, the local government has introduced training programs to attract young people to learn traditional crafts. Schools have also begun to include cultural heritage education in their curricula. With these efforts, there is hope that these ancient traditions will continue to thrive. 5. What is Lianshi Paper made from? A. Wood. B. Bamboo. C. Cotton. D. Plastic. 6. How is Lianshi Paper different from modern paper? A. It is cheaper to produce. B. It is made by hand using natural materials. C. It is produced in large quantities. D. It is used only for special occasions. 7. Why are few young people willing to learn paper-making? A. Because the paper is not popular. B. Because the work is hard and the pay is low. C. Because the government does not support it. D. Because the technique is too easy to learn. 8. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Traditional crafts will soon disappear completely. B. The government and schools are taking action to preserve traditions. C. Young people are not interested in any traditional skills. D. The village has stopped producing Lianshi Paper. 【答案】 5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“made from bamboo”可知。 6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“made entirely by hand, using natural materials”可知。 7. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“because it is hard work and doesn’t pay well”可知。 8. B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“local government has introduced training programs...Schools have also begun to include cultural heritage education”可知，政府和学校正在采取措施保护传统。 六、七选五（共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cultural heritage is the treasure of a nation. 1.________ It includes historical sites, traditional customs, languages, arts, and knowledge that define a community’s identity. Protecting cultural heritage is essential for several reasons. First, it helps us understand our history and where we come from. 2.________ Second, cultural heritage contributes to a sense of belonging and pride among community members. However, cultural heritage faces many threats. Natural disasters, wars, and modernization can all damage or destroy historical sites. 3.________ Many traditional crafts and customs are dying out because younger generations are not learning them. Fortunately, efforts are being made around the world to protect cultural heritage. UNESCO has listed many sites as World Heritage Sites to ensure their protection. 4.________ They work together to preserve and restore important cultural treasures. As individuals, we can also contribute to heritage protection. 5.________ By doing so, we help keep our traditions alive for future generations. A. It is what we inherit from our ancestors. B. We can learn about our local traditions and share them with others. C. All historical sites should be turned into museums. D. Moreover, intangible heritage is also in danger. E. It gives us a sense of identity and continuity. F. Governments and organizations are also taking action. G. Modern technology has no role in heritage protection. 【答案】 1. A 2. E 3. D 4. F 5. B 七、书面表达（共1题，15分） 假设你是李华，你校正在举办“弘扬传统文化”主题英语征文活动。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文投稿： 1. 你最喜欢的中国传统文化形式（如节日、手工艺、建筑等）； 2. 它对你的意义和影响； 3. 我们应如何保护和传承传统文化。 注意： - 词数100词左右； - 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； - 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。 My Favorite Traditional Culture China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 My Favorite Traditional Culture China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage. Among all the traditional art forms, I love calligraphy the most. When I was a child, my grandfather taught me how to hold a brush and write Chinese characters. Every stroke felt like telling a story. Practicing calligraphy not only calms my mind but also helps me better understand the beauty of Chinese characters. In today‘s fast-paced life, it also serves as a way for me to relax and focus on the present moment. To protect our traditional culture, we should first learn about it and pass it down to the younger generation. Schools can offer more activities like calligraphy clubs or cultural festivals. Besides, we can use social media to share the charm of our cultural heritage with more people around the world. Let’s value and carry forward our precious culture together! 解析 【思路点拨】 本篇书面表达是一篇征文投稿，属于夹叙夹议类短文。要求考生就个人最喜欢的传统文化形式展开叙述，并阐述其意义及保护传承的建议。文章应以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主。写作时需情感真挚，内容具体，建议合理。 【结构布局】 开头：直接点明最喜欢的传统文化形式——书法 中心：结合个人经历，阐述书法对自身的意义与影响 结尾：提出保护和传承传统文化的具体建议 【高分词汇】 ① among all the traditional art forms（在所有的传统艺术形式中） ② hold a brush（握笔） ③ calms my mind（使心灵平静） ④ in today's fast-paced life（在当今快节奏的生活中） ⑤ pass it down（传承下去） ⑥ carry forward（弘扬） 【高分句型】 ① China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage.（介词短语`with a long history...`作后置定语，修饰`country`） ② Practicing calligraphy not only calms my mind but also helps me better understand the beauty of Chinese characters.（动名词短语`Practicing calligraphy`作主语；`not only...but also...`连接并列谓语） ③ When I was a child, my grandfather taught me how to hold a brush and write Chinese characters.（`when`引导时间状语从句；`how to hold...`为“疑问词+不定式”结构，作`taught`的宾语） ④ To protect our traditional culture, we should first learn about it and pass it down to the younger generation.（不定式`To protect...`作目的状语） 【拓展词汇】 ① cultural identity（文化认同） ② artistic expression（艺术表达） ③ intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） ④ cultural confidence（文化自信） ⑤ preserve tradition（保护传统） 【拓展句型】 ① What fascinates me most about calligraphy is that each stroke requires both skill and inner peace, which reflects the essence of Chinese philosophy.（书法最吸引我的地方在于，每一笔都需要技巧和内心的平静，这反映了中国哲学的精髓。）（`what`引导主语从句；`that`引导表语从句；`which`引导非限制性定语从句） ② Only by integrating traditional culture into our daily lives can we truly keep it alive and relevant for future generations.（只有将传统文化融入日常生活，我们才能真正使其保持活力，并对后代保持相关性。）（“`only+状语`”置于句首引起的部分倒装） 同类话题补充作文题 题目1：我最喜欢的中国传统节日 你校英文报举办以“My Favorite Traditional Festival”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：（1）你最喜欢的传统节日；（2）你喜欢的理由（至少两点）；（3）这个节日对你的特殊意义。词数100左右。 题目2：让传统手工艺走进校园 你校计划开展“传统手工艺进校园”活动，邀请民间艺人教授剪纸、刺绣、泥塑等技艺。请你写一篇英文通知，内容包括：（1）活动目的；（2）活动安排；（3）鼓励同学报名参加。词数100左右。 题目3：传统与现代的融合 你校英语报开展以“Tradition Meets Modernity”为主题的讨论。请你写一篇短文，谈谈如何在现代生活中传承和发扬中国传统文化。词数100左右。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $