2026年暑假中考英语语法讲义—宾语从句

2026年暑假中考英语语法讲义—宾语从句 一、概念导入 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，它跟在及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后，用来回答"什么/谁/怎样"等问题。 简单句：I know the answer.（名词作宾语） 复合句：I know that he is right.（从句作宾语 → 宾语从句） 宾语从句是初中语法的重中之重，也是中考必考点，三大核心要素必须牢记：引导词、语序、时态。 二、宾语从句的三大要素 （一）引导词（连接词） 1. that 引导的宾语从句 that 引导陈述句变来的宾语从句，that 在从句中不充当任何成分，口语中常可省略。 主句动词 例句 think / believe / suppose I think (that) he is honest. say / tell / know She said (that) she was busy. be sure / be afraid I am afraid (that) I can't come. 注意：that 引导的从句本身是完整的陈述句，不能再加疑问词。 2. if / whether 引导的宾语从句 if / whether 引导一般疑问句变来的宾语从句，意为"是否"，不能省略。 例：I wonder if / whether he will come.（我想知道他是否会来。） if 与 whether 的区别（难点）： 情况 用if 用whether 一般情况 ✅ ✅ 介词之后 ❌ ✅ 与 or not 连用 ❌（不直接连用） ✅ 不定式前 ❌ ✅ 句首 ❌ ✅ 口诀：介词后、or not、不定式、放句首——四种情况只用 whether。 3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句 由特殊疑问句变来，疑问词在从句中充当成分，不能省略。 疑问词 例句 what / who / whom / whose / which I don't know what he wants. when / where / why / how Tell me where he lives. how many / how much / how long Ask him how long he has stayed. （二）语序——陈述句语序（重点！） 核心规则：宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，即"引导词 + 主语 + 谓语"。 错误（疑问语序） 正确（陈述语序） I don't know where is he. I don't know where he is. Can you tell me what does he like? Can you tell me what he likes? She asked when did they leave. She asked when they left. 特殊情况：当疑问词本身在从句中作主语时，语序不变。 例：I don't know who broke the window.（who 作主语，本身就是陈述语序） （三）时态呼应（重点+难点） 主句时态 从句时态 例句 一般现在时 根据实际情况用任意时态 He says he will go tomorrow. / He says he went yesterday. 一般过去时 用相应的过去时态 He said he was busy.（现在→过去） 一般过去时 过去进行时 He said he was reading. 例外：当从句表达客观真理、自然现象、科学事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 例：The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.（地球绕太阳转是真理） 三、重难点突破 【重点一】否定前移 在 think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine 等词后，宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句。 ✅ I don't think he is right.（我认为他不对。） ❌ I think he is not right. 反意疑问句配套考点：否定前移后，反意疑问部分与从句一致，且用肯定形式。 例：I don't think he is right, is he?（不用 don't I） 【重点二】宾语从句与简单句的转换 宾语从句 简单句（"疑问词+不定式"） I don't know what I should do. I don't know what to do. She asked where she could go. She asked where to go. He told me how he could do it. He told me how to do it. 前提：主句主语与从句主语一致时才能转换。 ❌ I don't know what he should do. → 不能转为 what to do（主语不一致） 【难点三】that 与 what 的区分 引导词 在从句中是否充当成分 含义 that 不充当成分，可省略 无实际意义 what 充当主语/宾语/表语，不可省 "……的东西/事情" 例：I believe that he is honest.（从句完整，用 that） 例：I believe what he said.（said 后缺宾语，用 what） 【难点四】介词后的宾语从句 介词后可接宾语从句，但介词后不能用 that（except that / in that 等固定搭配除外），也不能用 if。 例：I'm interested in what he said. ✅ 例：I'm interested in that he said. ❌ 例：It depends on whether he will agree. ✅（介词后用 whether，不用 if） 四、课堂练习 （一）单项选择 1. Could you tell me _____? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he live D. he lives where 2. I don't know _____ he will come tomorrow. _____ he comes, I'll tell you. A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 3. The teacher told us that the earth _____ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 4. I don't think he is right, _____? A. do I B. don't I C. is he D. isn't he 5. He asked me _____ I could help him. A. that B. what C. if D. which 6. I wonder _____ it is going to rain or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 7. （易错警示）Can you tell me _____? A. what's the matter with him B. what the matter is with him C. what the matter was with him D. how is the matter with him （二）句型转换 1. When will the train leave? I want to know.（合并为含宾语从句的复合句） 2. I don't know how I can solve the problem.（改为简单句） 五、参考答案与解析 （一）单项选择 1. B — 宾语从句用陈述语序，主语 he 是三单，动词用 lives。 2. D — 第一空 if/whether 均可，表"是否"；第二空是条件状语从句"如果"，只能用 if。 3. B — 客观真理用一般现在时，the earth 是三单，用 goes。 4. C — 否定前移后，反意疑问与从句一致，用肯定形式 is he。 5. C — 从句不缺成分但表"是否"，用 if/whether。 6. B — 与 or not 连用，只能用 whether。 7. A — 解析强调：what 作主语，语序不变，且主句现在时，从句用现在时is，故选A；how 引导的宾语从句同样必须用陈述语序，故D错。 （二）句型转换 1. I want to know when the train will leave.（陈述语序） 2. I don't know how to solve the problem.（疑问词+不定式） 六、知识小结 宾语从句知识框架 ├── 引导词 │ ├── that（陈述句，可省，不充当成分） │ ├── if / whether（一般疑问句，"是否"，不可省） │ └── 疑问词（特殊疑问句，充当成分，不可省） ├── 语序 → 陈述语序：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 │ └── 例外：疑问词作主语时语序不变 ├── 时态 │ ├── 主句现在时 → 从句任意时态 │ ├── 主句过去时 → 从句相应过去时态 │ └── 客观真理 → 永远一般现在时 └── 重难点 ├── 否定前移（I don't think...） ├── 疑问词 + 不定式转换 ├── that vs what 区分 └── 介词后只用 whether / 疑问词 教师寄语：宾语从句的核心就是"三要素"——引导词、语序、时态。做题目时按这三步逐一排查，正确率会大幅提升。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $