2026年暑假中考英语语法讲义—陈述句

2026年暑假中考英语语法讲义—陈述句 一、概念导入 陈述句：是用来陈述一个事实、观点或状态的句子，句末用句号（.），朗读时通常用降调。 例：I am a student.（我是一名学生。） 例：She likes reading.（她喜欢阅读。） 陈述句是英语中最基本、使用频率最高的句型，掌握它是学好其他句型（疑问句、祈使句、感叹句）的基础。 二、陈述句的分类 （一）肯定陈述句 结构：主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分 例句 说明 I play football every day. 主语 + 实义动词 He is a doctor. 主语 + be 动词 They have finished the work. 主语 + 助动词 + 实义动词 She can speak English. 主语 + 情态动词 + 实义动词 （二）否定陈述句 核心规则：在助动词 /be 动词 / 情态动词后加 not。 1. 含 be 动词的否定 结构：主语 + be + not + 其他 · I am not a teacher. · They are not students. · He was not at home yesterday. 2. 含情态动词的否定 结构：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 · She can not swim. · We must not be late. 3. 含实义动词的否定（重点） 结构：主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词原形 + 其他 时态 助动词 例句 一般现在时（非三单） do not = don't I don't like coffee. 一般现在时（三单） does not = doesn't She doesn't watch TV. 一般过去时 did not = didn't They didn't go there. ⚠️ 易错点：加了 doesn't /didn't 后，后面的实义动词必须还原为原形！ · ❌ She doesn't likes apples. · ✅ She doesn't like apples. 三、重难点突破 【重点一】否定句的转换口诀 "一加二变" 法： · 一加：加助动词 don't /doesn't /didn't（或在 be / 情态动词后加 not） · 二变：① some → any ② 动词三单 / 过去式 → 原形 例：He has some books. → He doesn't have any books. 【重点二】部分否定与全部否定（难点） 表达方式 含义 例句 not + all / both / every 部分否定（并非都……） Not all students like math.（并非所有学生都喜欢数学。） neither / none / no one 全部否定（都不……） None of them is right.（他们都不对。） 💡 辨析： · Both of them are not doctors. = 他们俩不都是医生。（部分否定） · Neither of them is a doctor. = 他们俩都不是医生。（全部否定） 【重点三】否定前移（难点） 在 think /believe/suppose /expect 等词后，宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句。 例：I think he is right. → I don't think he is right.（我认为他不对。） ❌ 不能说：I think he is not right. 【重点四】常见否定词归纳 否定词 含义 例句 never 从不 He never smokes. hardly 几乎不 I hardly know him. seldom 很少 She seldom goes out. little / few 几乎没有 There is little water left. nothing / nobody 没有东西 / 没有人 Nobody is in the room. ⚠️ 这些词本身已含否定意义，句子不能再加 not，否则构成双重否定（初中阶段一般不要求掌握双重否定）。 四、陈述句的语序（重点） 基本语序：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 I read books every day. She bought a pen yesterday. 状语位置的灵活调整 · 时间状语 / 地点状语通常放句末，也可放句首表强调。 Yesterday, I met my old friend. I met my old friend yesterday. · 频度副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, never）放行为动词前，be 动词 / 助动词后。 He often gets up early. She is always late. 五、中考考点精讲 考点 1：否定句中 some 与 any 的转换 肯定句用 some，否定句 / 疑问句一般用 any。 · I have some money. → I don't have any money. 特例：表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句仍用 some。 · Would you like some tea? 考点 2：反意疑问句中的陈述句（拓展关联） 陈述句部分为否定时，反意疑问部分用肯定。 He is a student, isn't he? He isn't a student, is he? 考点 3：宾语从句中的陈述句语序 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后），这是中考高频考点。 ❌ I don't know where is he. ✅ I don't know where he is. 六、课堂练习 （一）将下列句子改为否定句 1. He is a good student. 2. They like playing basketball. 3. She has lunch at school. 4. We went to the park last Sunday. 5. Tom can play the piano. （二）单项选择 1. She _____ like milk at all. A. don't B. doesn't C. isn't D. not 2. There _____ any water in the bottle. A. is B. are C. isn't D. aren't 3. I _____ think he _____ come tomorrow. A. /; won't B. don't; will C. don't; won't D. /; will 4. _____ of the two boys is from America. They are from England. A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None 5. He hardly goes to school late, _____? A. is he B. isn't he C. does he D. doesn't he 七、参考答案与解析 （一）句型转换 1. He is not / isn't a good student. 2. They don't like playing basketball. 3. She doesn't have lunch at school.（has → have 还原） 4. We didn't go to the park last Sunday.（went → go 还原） 5. Tom can not / can't play the piano. （二）单项选择 1. B — 主语 she 是三单，用 doesn't。 2. C — water 不可数，any 提示否定，用 isn't。 3. B — think 的否定前移，从句用肯定。 4. B — 两者的全部否定用 neither。 5. C — hardly 含否定意义，反意疑问用肯定；goes 是实义动词，用 does。 八、知识小结 陈述句 ├── 肯定句：主语 + 谓语 + 其他 ├── 否定句 │ ├── be动词：be + not │ ├── 情态动词：情态动词 + not + 动原 │ └── 实义动词：do/does/did + not + 动原（动词还原！） ├── 重难点 │ ├── some → any │ ├── 部分否定 vs 全部否定 │ ├── 否定前移（I don't think...） │ └── 否定副词（never/hardly/seldom） └── 中考链接 ├── 宾语从句陈述句语序 └── 反意疑问句 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $