17-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷-2027届高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦英文刊物拓展阅读，以全球热点话题为载体，系统整合细节理解、词义猜测、主旨归纳及逻辑衔接等题型解法，强化语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D篇）|15题（含细节、词义、主旨题）|细节题定位原文关键信息，词义题结合上下文语境，主旨题提炼段落核心观点|以“话题导入-问题设置-解法匹配”为逻辑链，从具体信息到综合理解逐步递进| |七选五（E篇）|5题|通过空格前后逻辑关系（如因果、对比）筛选选项，关注指代与衔接词|依托“文本结构-线索词-语义连贯”推导过程，训练语篇组织与逻辑思维能力|

英文刊物拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Global food prices have experienced unprecedented volatility over the past decade, with sharp spikes in 2022 following the conflict in Ukraine and subsequent fluctuations driven by extreme weather events and supply chain disruptions. A 2025 report from the World Bank warns that food price volatility is becoming the new normal, with serious implications for food security, particularly in developing countries. The report found that global food prices in 2025 were 35 percent higher than the average of the previous decade. The primary drivers include climate change-induced crop failures, rising energy costs that increase the price of fertilizers and transportation, and geopolitical tensions that disrupt export routes. Wheat prices, for example, surged by 60 percent between 2023 and 2025, while corn and soybean prices saw similar increases. The impact on developing countries has been severe. Many of these nations rely heavily on food imports and have limited capacity to buffer against price shocks. A 2025 study from the International Food Policy Research Institute found that food price inflation pushed an additional 50 million people into poverty in 2024 alone. “Food is not a luxury,” said Dr. Amina Kone, an economist at the institute. “When prices rise, families are forced to reduce the quantity and quality of what they eat, with long-term consequences for health and development.” Governments and international organizations have responded with various measures. Some countries have increased their strategic food reserves. Others have implemented price controls or provided subsidies to vulnerable populations. However, these measures can have unintended consequences. Price controls, for example, can discourage farmers from planting crops, exacerbating future shortages. The report recommends investing in agricultural productivity, strengthening supply chains, and building resilience to climate shocks. “We cannot prevent all price spikes,” said Dr. Kone. “But we can reduce their frequency and severity by making our food systems more robust.” 1.According to the passage, what is the main driver of global food price volatility? A. The increasing demand for meat in developing countries. B. Climate change, rising energy costs, and geopolitical tensions. C. The reduction of agricultural subsidies in wealthy nations. D. The decline in global population growth. 2.According to paragraph 3, what was the impact of food price inflation in 2024? A. It reduced food prices in developing countries. B. It pushed an additional 50 million people into poverty. C. It increased agricultural investment in Africa. D. It led to a decrease in food imports. 3.The underlined word “volatility” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. stability B. predictability C. sharp fluctuation D. decline B The transition to renewable energy is accelerating rapidly, with solar and wind power now accounting for over 20 percent of global electricity generation. However, the expansion of renewable energy is creating new challenges for electricity grids, which were designed to manage steady, predictable power from fossil fuel plants. A 2026 report from the International Energy Agency warns that without significant investment in grid infrastructure, renewable energy growth could be slowed by transmission bottlenecks. The fundamental challenge is variability. Solar panels generate power only when the sun is shining, and wind turbines only when the wind is blowing. When production exceeds demand, prices may go negative, discouraging investment. When production falls short, backup generation from fossil fuels must fill the gap, reducing the environmental benefits. The report found that in some regions, grid congestion now prevents up to 30 percent of potential renewable energy from reaching consumers. Battery storage is often seen as the solution, but current storage capacity is far from sufficient. The world’s total battery storage capacity is less than 1 percent of the electricity that would be needed to compensate for a week of low wind and solar output. Pumped hydro storage and emerging technologies such as compressed air energy storage offer additional options, but these are expensive and take years to develop. Grid modernization is also essential. Smart grids that can balance supply and demand in real time, interconnections that allow electricity to flow between regions, and demand-response systems that encourage consumers to shift usage to times of abundant renewable power are all part of the solution. A 2025 study found that investment in smart grid technology could reduce the cost of integrating renewables by up to 40 percent. “The challenge is not insurmountable,” said Dr. James Robinson, an energy analyst. “But it requires sustained investment and policy commitment. We are building an entirely new energy system while keeping the lights on. That is no small feat.” 4.According to the passage, what percentage of global electricity generation comes from solar and wind power? A. 10 percent. B. 15 percent. C. 20 percent. D. 30 percent. 5.According to paragraph 2, what is the fundamental challenge of renewable energy? A. The high cost of solar panels and wind turbines. B. The variability of power generation. C. The lack of government support. D. The opposition from fossil fuel industries. 6.The underlined word “bottlenecks” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. obstacles B. improvements C. advantages D. solutions 7.What is the author‘s main message about the renewable energy transition? A. It is impossible without completely abandoning fossil fuels. B. It requires significant investment in grid infrastructure and storage. C. It is already fully solved by existing technology. D. It will take centuries to complete. C Living in a noisy city is not just an annoyance—it is a significant public health threat. A 2026 report from the World Health Organization found that environmental noise in urban areas contributes to approximately 1.6 million healthy life years lost annually in Western Europe alone. The effects extend far beyond hearing loss, affecting cardiovascular health, cognitive performance, and mental well-being. The primary sources of urban noise are traffic—both road and air—construction, and industrial activity. The WHO recommends that average daytime noise levels should not exceed 53 decibels, but in many cities, average levels are closer to 70 decibels. Nighttime noise is particularly harmful, as it disrupts sleep. The report found that even short-term exposure to noise levels above 55 decibels at night can increase the risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. The cognitive effects of noise pollution are also significant. Children exposed to high levels of aircraft noise have been found to have lower reading comprehension and memory scores. A 2025 study in the Netherlands found that students in schools near airports performed 20 percent worse on standardized tests than those in quieter areas. The study also found that adults working in noisy offices reported lower productivity and higher levels of stress. Urban planners are beginning to address the problem. Some cities have implemented traffic reduction measures, installed sound barriers along highways, and increased urban tree cover, which can absorb sound. Others have adopted building codes that require soundproofing in new developments. In Paris, the city has introduced a network of “quiet streets” where speed limits are reduced and traffic is calmed. “Noise is often neglected because it doesn’t leave visible scars,” said Dr. Maria Fernandez, a public health researcher. “But the health impacts are real, and they are disproportionately felt by low-income communities, which often live near highways and industrial areas.” 8.According to the passage, how many healthy life years are lost annually in Western Europe due to environmental noise? A. 1.6 million. B. 3.2 million. C. 5 million. D. 10 million. 9.According to paragraph 3, how did aircraft noise affect students near airports? A. They had better reading comprehension scores. B. They performed 20 percent worse on standardized tests. C. They had no measurable differences from other students. D. They scored higher than students in quieter areas. 10.The underlined word “disproportionately” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. equally B. unexpectedly C. unfairly D. gradually 11.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Urban Noise B. How to Build Quiet Cities C. The Health Effects of Urban Noise Pollution D. The Benefits of Living in the Countryside D Despite decades of progress in gender equality, women remain significantly underrepresented in senior leadership positions across most industries. A 2025 report from McKinsey & Company found that while women now make up nearly 50 percent of entry-level professionals, they represent only 25 percent of senior managers and just 10 percent of CEOs in Fortune 500 companies. The phenomenon, often referred to as the “glass ceiling,” remains stubbornly persistent. The causes of the leadership gap are multiple and interconnected. Unconscious bias continues to influence hiring and promotion decisions. Studies have shown that identical resumes with male and female names receive different evaluations, with the male version consistently rated more competent. Workplaces often reward assertiveness and self-promotion, qualities that may be interpreted differently in men and women. Additionally, women continue to bear the majority of domestic responsibilities, limiting their availability for roles that demand long hours. The consequences of the leadership gap extend beyond fairness. Companies with diverse leadership teams have been shown to outperform their competitors. A 2024 study found that firms with at least 30 percent women in leadership positions were 25 percent more likely to achieve above-average profitability. Diverse teams bring a wider range of perspectives and are more innovative. Companies are beginning to address the problem. Some have implemented blind recruitment processes to reduce bias. Others have introduced mentorship programs to support women‘s career development and flexible working policies to accommodate caregiving responsibilities. However, progress has been slow. At the current rate, it will take over 100 years to achieve gender parity in CEO positions. “The glass ceiling is not a personal failing of individual women,” said Dr. Laura Kim, a gender equality researcher. “It is a systemic problem that requires systemic solutions. We need to change the structures and cultures of organizations.” 12.According to the passage, what percentage of Fortune 500 CEOs are women? A. 10 percent. B. 25 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 75 percent. 13.According to paragraph 3, what is a benefit of diverse leadership teams? A. They reduce the need for managers. B. They are 25 percent more likely to achieve above-average profitability. C. They eliminate the need for unconscious bias training. D. They automatically ensure gender parity. 14.The underlined phrase “glass ceiling” in paragraph 1 refers to ______. A. the physical structure of office buildings B. an invisible barrier preventing women from reaching top positions C. the need for more windows in corporate offices D. the transparency of promotion processes 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Women‘s Rights B. Women in Leadership: Progress and Persistent Gaps C. How to Become a CEO D. The Decline of Corporate Diversity 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E The way we read is changing. With the rise of digital devices, more and more people are reading on screens rather than on paper. But a growing body of research suggests that the format of reading may affect comprehension and retention. A 2025 study from the University of Valencia found that readers who read printed texts performed significantly better on comprehension tests than those who read the same texts on screens. The researchers attribute this difference to several factors. Printed books provide spatial and tactile cues that help readers navigate the text—the weight of pages read versus pages unread, the position of information on a physical page, the ability to flip back and forth quickly. (16) ______ Screen reading, by contrast, often encourages skimming rather than deep reading. The constant presence of hyperlinks, notifications, and other distractions can fragment attention. (17) ______ A 2024 study found that people who read articles on screen were more likely to skip sections and less likely to engage in the mental processes that lead to deeper understanding. However, the researchers emphasize that this is not an argument against digital technology. (18) ______ E-readers offer advantages such as adjustable font sizes and built-in dictionaries. The goal is to be aware of the differences and choose the appropriate format for the task. The study found that the benefits of print reading were most pronounced for longer, more complex texts. (19) ______ For short articles and news updates, screen reading is often perfectly adequate. The researchers suggest that educators should consider the format of reading materials in the classroom. (20) ______ 选项（A-G）： A. The physical features of printed books support comprehension. B. Digital devices are likely to replace printed books in the future. C. For these texts, printed materials may be more effective. D. These cues support mental mapping of the text and enhance understanding. E. Digital reading is always superior for all types of texts. F. Screen reading is more suitable for quick scanning. G. This can reduce the depth of processing and comprehension. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球食品价格波动加剧及其对粮食安全的影响——气候引发的作物歉收、能源价格上涨和地缘政治紧张是主要驱动因素，发展中国家受影响最严重。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，全球食品价格波动的主要驱动因素是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The primary drivers include climate change-induced crop failures, rising energy costs that increase the price of fertilizers and transportation, and geopolitical tensions”直接说明气候、能源成本和地缘政治紧张是主要驱动因素。A项“肉类需求增加”、C项“农业补贴减少”、D项“人口增长下降”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，2024年食品价格通胀的影响是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“food price inflation pushed an additional 50 million people into poverty in 2024 alone”直接说明使5000万人陷入贫困。A项“降低价格”、C项“增加农业投资”、D项“减少进口”均与文意相反。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：C 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“volatility”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“volatility”意为“波动性”。文中“food prices have experienced unprecedented volatility”指食品价格经历了前所未有的波动。A项“稳定”、B项“可预测”、D项“下降”均不符合。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了可再生能源并网面临的挑战——太阳能和风能的间歇性对电网造成压力，需要大量投资于储能和智能电网技术。 4. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，太阳能和风能占全球发电量的多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“solar and wind power now accounting for over 20 percent of global electricity generation”直接说明超过20%。故正确答案为C。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，可再生能源的根本挑战是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The fundamental challenge is variability. Solar panels generate power only when the sun is shining, and wind turbines only when the wind is blowing”直接说明根本挑战是可变性。A项“高成本”、C项“缺乏政府支持”、D项“化石燃料行业反对”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：A 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“bottlenecks”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“bottlenecks”意为“瓶颈、障碍”。文中“grid congestion now prevents up to 30 percent of potential renewable energy from reaching consumers”说明输电瓶颈阻碍可再生能源输送。B项“改进”、C项“优势”、D项“解决方案”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 作者关于可再生能源转型的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文强调可再生能源转型需要大量投资于电网基础设施和储能。A项“不可能”与“not insurmountable”矛盾；C项“已完全解决”与“challenge”矛盾；D项“数百年”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了城市噪音污染对健康的长期影响——每年导致约160万健康寿命年损失，影响心血管健康和认知能力，低收入社区受影响更严重。 8. 答案：A 题干句意： 根据文章，西欧每年因环境噪音损失多少健康寿命年？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“contributes to approximately 1.6 million healthy life years lost annually in Western Europe”直接说明160万。故正确答案为A。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，机场附近的噪音如何影响学生？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“students in schools near airports performed 20 percent worse on standardized tests”直接说明标准化测试成绩低20%。A项“更好”、C项“无差异”、D项“更高”均与文意相反。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：C 题干句意： 最后一段中画线单词“disproportionately”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“disproportionately”意为“不成比例地”。文中“disproportionately felt by low-income communities”指低收入社区承受的影响不成比例地大，即不公平。A项“平等地”、B项“意料之外”、D项“逐渐地”均不符合。故正确答案为C。 11. 答案：C 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕城市噪音污染的健康影响展开。A项“城市噪音史”、B项“如何建设安静城市”、D项“乡村生活的好处”均偏离主题。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了女性在领导层中的代表性不足问题——“玻璃天花板”现象依然存在，尽管女性占入门级专业人员近50%，但财富500强CEO仅10%为女性。 12. 答案：A 题干句意： 根据文章，财富500强CEO中女性的百分比是多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“just 10 percent of CEOs in Fortune 500 companies”直接说明10%。故正确答案为A。 13. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，多元化领导团队的一个好处是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“firms with at least 30 percent women in leadership positions were 25 percent more likely to achieve above-average profitability”直接说明盈利能力高出25%。A项“减少管理需求”、C项“消除偏见培训”、D项“自动确保平等”均与文意不符。故正确答案为B。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 第一段中画线短语“glass ceiling”指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“glass ceiling”意为“玻璃天花板”，指阻碍女性晋升到高层职位的无形障碍。文中“women remain significantly underrepresented in senior leadership positions”直接说明这一现象。A项“办公楼结构”、C项“窗户需求”、D项“晋升透明度”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕女性领导力的进展和持续存在的差距展开。A项“女权史”过于宽泛；C项“如何成为CEO”偏离主题；D项“企业多元化衰退”与文意不完全吻合。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电子阅读与纸质阅读对理解力的影响差异——纸质阅读有助于深度理解和空间记忆，屏幕阅读容易导致快速浏览和浅层处理，应根据阅读任务选择合适格式。 16. 答案：D 题干句意： 纸质书提供空间和触觉线索，帮助读者导航文本。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句列举了纸质书的物理特征（页面重量、信息位置、翻页），D项“这些线索支持文本的心理映射并增强理解”总结了这些线索的作用，与后文“skimming rather than deep reading”形成对比。A项“物理特征支持理解”虽正确但过于笼统，D项更具体。故正确答案为D。 17. 答案：G 题干句意： 屏幕阅读常鼓励快速浏览而非深度阅读。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提到超链接、通知等干扰因素分散注意力，G项“这会降低处理的深度和理解力”承接前文，说明屏幕阅读的后果，与后文“less likely to engage in the mental processes”呼应。故正确答案为G。 18. 答案：F 题干句意： 然而，研究人员强调这并不是反对数字技术的论据。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句指出这不是反对数字技术，后文说明电子阅读器的优势。第18空应选F“屏幕阅读更适合快速浏览”作为对数字技术优势的肯定，与后文“adjustable font sizes and built-in dictionaries”并列。故正确答案为F。 19. 答案：C 题干句意： 研究发现纸质阅读的好处对于更长、更复杂的文本最为显著。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句指出长文本更受益于纸质阅读，C项“对于这些文本，纸质材料可能更有效”承接前文，与后文“短文章和新闻更新，屏幕阅读通常完全足够”形成对比。E项“始终更优”与文意矛盾。故正确答案为C。 20. 答案：A 题干句意： 研究人员建议教育者应考虑课堂阅读材料的格式。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提出教育建议，D项“这些线索支持文本的心理映射并增强理解”已用于第16空。第20空应选A“纸质书的物理特征支持理解”作为对教育者选择阅读格式的总结。故正确答案为A。 多余选项： B（数字设备未来可能取代纸质书——文中未提及未来取代）、E（数字阅读始终优于所有文本类型——与“choose the appropriate format”矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The researchers attribute this difference to several factors, with printed books providing spatial and tactile cues that help readers navigate the text—the weight of pages read versus pages unread, the position of information on a physical page, the ability to flip back and forth quickly—all of which contribute to a mental map of the text that enhances comprehension and retention.” 翻译： 研究人员将这种差异归因于几个因素，纸质书提供了帮助读者导航文本的空间和触觉线索——已读页码与未读页码的重量对比、信息在实体页面上的位置、快速前后翻页的能力——所有这些都有助于形成文本的心理地图，从而增强理解和记忆。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含“with”复合结构和定语从句。 主句：The researchers（主语）attribute（谓语）this difference（宾语）to several factors（介词短语作状语） “with”复合结构：, with printed books providing spatial and tactile cues（with+宾语+现在分词，作伴随状语） 定语从句1：that help readers navigate the text（修饰cues） 破折号插入语：the weight of pages read versus pages unread, the position of information on a physical page, the ability to flip back and forth quickly（对cues的具体说明） 非限制性定语从句：, all of which contribute to a mental map of the text（which指代前面列举的所有线索） 定语从句2：that enhances comprehension and retention（修饰map） 2. 原句： “A 2025 study from the International Food Policy Research Institute found that food price inflation pushed an additional 50 million people into poverty in 2024 alone, with the most severe impacts concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where households spend up to 70 percent of their income on food, making them particularly vulnerable to price shocks that can erase months of economic progress in a matter of weeks.” 翻译： 国际粮食政策研究所2025年的一项研究发现，仅在2024年，食品价格通胀就使额外5000万人陷入贫困，其中最严重的影响集中在撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚，这些地区的家庭将高达70%的收入用于食品，使他们特别容易受到价格冲击的影响，而这些冲击可能在数周内抹去数月的经济进步。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含宾语从句、“with”复合结构、定语从句和现在分词短语作结果状语。 主句：A 2025 study from the International Food Policy Research Institute（主语）found（谓语） 宾语从句：that food price inflation pushed an additional 50 million people into poverty in 2024 alone（作found的宾语） “with”复合结构：, with the most severe impacts concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia（with+宾语+过去分词，作补充说明） 非限制性定语从句：, where households spend up to 70 percent of their income on food（where引导，修饰regions） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, making them particularly vulnerable to price shocks（making的逻辑主语为前面整句内容） 定语从句：that can erase months of economic progress in a matter of weeks（修饰shocks） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $