Unit3 Same or Different 暑假讲义 2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

人教版八年级英语上册 Unit 3 Same or Different? 暑假讲义 第一部分 知识归纳 一、重点单词 1. about /əˈbaʊt/ prep. 关于；大约 1. agree /əˈɡriː/ v. 同意 1. alike /əˈlaɪk/ adj. 相像的 1. average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj. 平均的 1. besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep. 除……之外（还） 1. boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 无聊的 1. compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较 1. difference /ˈdɪfrəns/ n. 差异；不同 1. differences /ˈdɪfrənsɪz/ n. 差异（复数） 1. direct /dəˈrekt/ adj. 直接的 1. dirty /ˈdɜːti/ adj. 脏的 1. doctor /ˈdɒktə(r)/ n. 医生 1. early /ˈɜːli/ adv. 早地 1. especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其 1. fast /fɑːst/ adj. 快的 1. first /fɜːst/ num. 第一 1. funny /ˈfʌni/ adj. 有趣的 1. hard-working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 努力工作的 1. kilometres /ˈkɪləmiːtəz/ n. 千米 1. late /leɪt/ adj. 晚的 1. lazy /ˈleɪzi/ adj. 懒惰的 1. loud /laʊd/ adj. 大声的 1. moment /ˈməʊmənt/ n. 时刻 1. novel /ˈnɒvl/ n. 小说 1. nurse /nɜːs/ n. 护士 1. outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的 1. person /ˈpɜːsn/ n. 人 1. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格 1. pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 令人愉快的 1. pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 高兴 1. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 人口 1. quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ adj. 安静的 1. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的 1. short /ʃɔːt/ adj. 矮的；短的 1. shy /ʃaɪ/ adj. 害羞的 1. slow /sləʊ/ adj. 慢的 1. spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的 1. straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ adj. 直接的 1. tall /tɔːl/ adj. 高的 1. term /tɜːm/ n. 学期 1. Thursday /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ n. 星期四 1. together /təˈɡeðə(r)/ adv. 一起 1. number /ˈnʌmbə(r)/ n. 数字 二、重点短语 1. hang out together 一起闲逛 1. have similar hobbies and interests 有相似的爱好和兴趣 1. play badminton better than 打羽毛球比……更好 1. try harder when I practise 练习时更加努力 1. as serious as 和……一样严肃 1. read more history books than 读的历史书比……多 1. a great sense of humour 极强的幽默感 1. thanks to 多亏；因为 1. be kind of shy 有点害羞 1. not afraid to give his opinion 不怕表达自己的观点 1. less straightforward than 不如……直接 1. respect each other’s differences 尊重彼此的差异 1. learn from each other 互相学习 1. in difficult situations 在困难的情况下 1. make me laugh and feel better 让我笑并让我感觉更好 1. see the silver lining 看到事物好的一面 1. reaches for your hand and touches your heart 向你伸出手并触动你的心 1. by lending a hand 通过伸出援手 1. more colourful than 比……更丰富多彩 1. get up earlier than 起得比……早 三、语音知识 1. /ɜː/ 的发音规律与例词 字母组合 er, ir, ur, ear 在重读音节中常发 /ɜː/ 音。 - er: term, person - ir: first, dirty - ur: nurse, Thursday - ear: early, learn 2. /ə/ 的发音规律与例词 字母 a, e, o, er, or 在非重读音节中常发 /ə/ 音。 - a: about, agree - e: quiet, moment - o: together, compare - er/or: number, doctor 3. 语调知识 - 升调：通常用于表示惊讶、疑问或话未说完。 - 降调：通常用于陈述句、祈使句或特殊疑问句，表示语气肯定或句子结束。 四、语法归纳 1. 形容词比较级的构成规则 - 单音节词和部分双音节词：一般在词尾加 -er。例如：taller, shorter, faster, louder, smarter, quieter, harder, earlier, slimmer。以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-er，如 funnier。 - 多音节词和部分双音节词：在词前加 more。例如：more colourful, more outgoing, more serious。 2. 不规则变化 - good/well → better - bad/badly → worse 3. 比较级基本句型结构 A + be动词/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B. （A比B更……） 例句：Emma is taller than Ella. 4. as…as… 结构 A + be动词/实义动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B. （A和B一样……） 例句：I work as hard as her! 5. 修饰比较级的词 可用 a little, a bit, even, much, far, still 等词修饰比较级，表示程度。 例句：He is much taller than me. 6. 特殊用法：The + 比较级…, the + 比较级… 表示“越……，就越……”。 例句：The more you read, the smarter you will be. 五、重点句型 1. There are more activities this year. It is more colourful than last year. 今年有更多的活动。它比去年更丰富多彩。 1. Emma is taller than Ella, but her hair is shorter than Ella’s. 艾玛比艾拉高，但她的头发比艾拉的短。 1. Ella dances better than Emma, but Emma sings louder than her. 艾拉跳舞比艾玛好，但艾玛唱歌比她响亮。 1. Emma always gets up earlier than me, but I work as hard as her! 艾玛总是起得比我早，但我工作/学习和她一样努力！ 1. I think a good friend is like a mirror. 我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。 1. We often hang out together because we have similar hobbies and interests. 我们经常一起闲逛，因为我们有相似的爱好和兴趣。 1. He plays badminton better than I do. 他打羽毛球比我好。 1. I don’t agree. Friends who are different make me better. 我不同意。与我不同的朋友让我变得更好。 1. Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing. 多亏了她，我变得更加外向了。 1. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友会向你伸出手并触动你的心。 六、核心句子 1. How do we compare with each other? 我们如何互相比较？ 1. I’m kind of shy, but she is very outgoing. 我有点害羞，但她非常外向。 1. We both like reading, but she reads more history books than I do. 我们都喜欢阅读，但她读的历史书比我多。 1. He is less straightforward than his brother. 他不如他哥哥那么直接。 1. In difficult situations, a good friend will always lend a hand. 在困难的情况下，好朋友总是会伸出援手。 1. My best friend makes me laugh and feel better when I am sad. 当我难过时，我最好的朋友会让我笑并让我感觉好些。 1. We should learn to see the silver lining in everything. 我们应该学会看到事物好的一面。 1. True friendship is about respecting each other’s differences. 真正的友谊在于尊重彼此的差异。 1. I don’t care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我不在乎我的朋友是和我一样还是不同。 1. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 第二部分 习题训练 一、单项选择题 1. My brother is ______ than me, but I am ______ than him. A.taller; heavier B. more tall; more heavy C. taller; more heavy D. more tall; heavier 1. Lucy sings ______ than Lily, but Lily dances ______ than Lucy. A.better; better B. more beautifully; more beautifully C. better; more beautifully D. more beautifully; better 1. Tom is not as ______ as Jack. Jack always finishes his homework on time. A.hard-working B. harder-working C. more hard-working D. most hard-working 1. — Is your new classmate ______ you? — No, she is much quieter. A.as outgoing as B. more outgoing than C. less outgoing than D. so outgoing as 1. Thanks to your help, I am getting ______ at English. A. good B. well C. better D. best 1. The ______ you study, the ______ grades you’ll get. A.harder; good B. more hard; better C. harder; better D. more hardly; better 1. My dog is ______ lazy. He sleeps all day! A. a kind of B. kinds of C. kind of D. a bit of 1. — Who runs faster, Mike or John? — Mike runs much ______ than John. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast 1. There are ______ students in Class 1 than in Class 2. A. many B. much C. more D. most 1. We should respect our friends’ differences and learn ______ each other. A. to B. from C. for D. with 二、完形填空 My best friend is Lily. We are twins, but we are quite 1.______ each other. I am very outgoing and I like talking to people. Lily, however, is kind of 2.______. She doesn’t speak much in class. In sports, I am not very good. Lily plays badminton much 3.______ than I do. But when it comes to reading, I read more history books than 4.______. We often hang out together on weekends because we have similar 5.______ and interests. Sometimes I think a good friend is like a mirror. Lily shows me the 6.______ of myself. She is as serious as my mother when she studies, but she has a great sense of 7.______ when we are together. She always makes me laugh and feel better when I am sad. I used to think friends should be the same, but now I don’t 8.______. Friends who are different make me better. 9.______ her, I am becoming more patient. A true friend reaches for your hand and 10.______ your heart. I am lucky to have Lily as my best friend. 1. A. same as B. different from C. similar to D. alike 1. A. loud B. lazy C. shy D. funny 1. A. good B. well C. better D. best 1. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 1. A. hobbies B. numbers C. doctors D. nurses 1. A. same B. different C. other D. another 1. A. humour B. pleasure C. moment D. term 1. A. think B. agree C. know D. believe 1. A. Thanks for B. Thank to C. Thanks to D. Because 1. A. breaks B. touches C. hurts D. reaches 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 他打羽毛球比我好。 He plays badminton ______ ______ I do. 1. 我妹妹不如我外向。 My sister is ______ outgoing ______ I am. 1. 多亏了你的帮助，我变得更自信了。 ______ ______ your help, I am becoming more confident. 1. 真正的朋友会向你伸出手并触动你的心。 A true friend ______ ______ your hand and touches your heart. 1. 我们应该互相学习，尊重彼此的差异。 We should learn from each other and ______ each other’s ______. 1. 她起得比我早，但我和她学习一样努力。 She gets up ______ ______ me, but I work as hard as her. 1. 我认为好朋友就像一面镜子。 I think a good friend is ______ ______ a mirror. 1. 你读的书越多，你就会越聪明。 The ______ books you read, the ______ you will be. 1. 我们在困难的情况下应该互相帮助。 We should help each other ______ ______ ______. 1. 她有一种极强的幽默感，总是让我笑。 She has ______ ______ ______ ______ humour and always makes me laugh. 四、用单词的适当形式填空 1. My brother is much ______ (tall) than me. 1. She sings as ______ (beautiful) as a bird. 1. Tom is not as ______ (hard-working) as his sister. 1. This book is much ______ (interesting) than that one. 1. Of the two boys, Jack is the ______ (lazy). 1. I think English is as ______ (important) as math. 1. Lily runs even ______ (fast) than Lucy. 1. The more you practice, the ______ (good) you’ll become. 1. She is a little ______ (quiet) than her best friend. 1. My new classmate is much ______ (outgoing) than I expected. 五、补全对话 A: Hi, Tom! Do you have a best friend? B: Yes, I do. His name is Jack. A: 1. ______ B: Well, we are quite different. I am outgoing, but he is kind of shy. A: 2. ______ B: Yes, he plays badminton much better than I do. But I read more history books than him. A: 3. ______ B: I think a good friend is like a mirror. A: 4. ______ B: Because he makes me laugh and feel better when I am sad. A: That’s great! 5. ______ B: Yes, we always learn from each other and respect our differences. A.Do you have similar hobbies? B.Is he better at sports than you? C.Why do you think so? D.What is he like? E. Do you think friends should be the same or different? 六、阅读还原 根据短文内容，从方框中选出合适的句子填入空白处。 We all have friends. Some friends are very similar to us, while others are quite different. 1. ______ If your friend is similar to you, it is easy to hang out together. You probably have similar hobbies and interests. 2. ______ You can understand each other easily. On the other hand, friends who are different can also be great. 3. ______ For example, if you are kind of shy, an outgoing friend can help you become more confident. 4. ______ A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. In my opinion, it doesn’t matter if your friends are the same as you or different. 5. ______ We should learn from each other and respect each other’s differences. A.They can help you see the silver lining in difficult situations. B.So which kind of friends do you prefer? C.The most important thing is that you care about each other. D.You can do the same things and have a pleasant time. E. They can bring new ideas and help you become a better person. 七、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 My name is Amy. I have a good friend named Lisa. We are in the same class, but we are quite different. Lisa is much 1.______ (outgoing) than me. She loves talking to people, while I am kind of 2.______ (shy). In sports, she plays badminton 3.______ (good) than I do. But when it comes to studying, I work as 4.______ (hard) as she does. We both like reading, 5.______ she reads more history books than I do. I prefer novels. Even though we are different, we often hang out together. She always makes me 6.______ (laugh) when I feel sad. 7.______ (thank) to her, I am becoming more confident. I used to think friends should be the same, but now I don’t agree. Friends who are different make me better. A true friend reaches for your hand and 8.______ (touch) your heart. In difficult 9.______ (situation), we always help each other. I believe our friendship will be 10.______ (colourful) in the future. 八、阅读理解选择 Passage 1 Are your friends the same as you or different from you? Different people have different ideas. Some people like friends who are similar to them. They think it is easier to get along with similar friends. They usually have the same hobbies and interests, so they can do things together happily. For example, if both of them like reading, they can go to the library together and share their favorite books. However, other people prefer friends who are different. They believe that different friends can help them learn new things. An outgoing friend can help a shy person become more confident. A hard-working friend can encourage a lazy person to try harder. In fact, both kinds of friends are important. What matters most is that you respect each other’s differences and learn from each other. A true friend will always be there for you, no matter how similar or different you are. 1. What do some people think about similar friends? A.They are boring. B. They are easier to get along with. C. They are less serious. D. They are more outgoing. 1. According to the passage, what can an outgoing friend do for a shy person? A.Read more books. B. Play badminton better. C. Help the shy person become more confident. D. Make the shy person lazy. 1. What does the underlined word “encourage” mean in Chinese? A. 阻止 B. 嘲笑 C. 鼓励 D. 忽视 1. What is the most important thing in friendship according to the passage? A.Having the same hobbies. B. Being exactly the same. C. Respecting differences and learning from each other. D. Playing sports together. 1. What is the best title for this passage? A. How to Make Friends B. Same or Different Friends C. My Best Friend D. Hobbies and Interests Passage 2 I have two good friends, Emma and Ella. They are twins, but they are very different. Emma is taller and her hair is shorter. She always gets up earlier than Ella. However, Ella dances better than Emma, and Emma sings louder than Ella. Emma is very hard-working. She reads more history books than Ella. Ella is kind of lazy, but she has a great sense of humour. She always makes me laugh and feel better when I am sad. I think a good friend is like a mirror. Emma shows me how to be serious and hard-working. Ella teaches me to see the silver lining and enjoy life. Thanks to them, I am becoming a better person. We often hang out together on weekends. 1. What are Emma and Ella? A. Sisters. B. Twins. C. Classmates. D. Neighbors. 2. Who dances better, Emma or Ella? A. Emma. B. Ella. C. Both dance equally. D. We don't know. 3. What does Emma like reading? A. Novels. B. History books. C. Science books. D. Comics. 4. How does Ella help the writer when he is sad? A. By reading books. B. By making him laugh. C. By playing sports. D. By singing songs. 5. What does the writer think of his two friends? A. They are boring. B. They are both good mirrors. C. They are different but both helpful. D. They are the same. 九、书面表达 题目：My Best Friend 要求：请写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍你最好的朋友，比较你们之间的相同点和不同点。可适当使用本单元所学的比较级和 as...as...结构。 参考答案 一、单项选择题 1-5: ACADA 6-10: CCBDB 二、完形填空 1-5: BCCBA 6-10: BACCB 三、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. better than 2. not as / not so; as 3. Thanks to 4. reaches for 5. respect; differences 6. earlier than 7. like / as 8. more; smarter 9. in difficult situations 10. a great sense of 四、用单词的适当形式填空 1. taller 2. beautifully 3. hard-working 4. more interesting 5. lazier 6. important 7. faster 8. better 9. quieter 10. more outgoing 五、补全对话 1-5: DBCAE 六、阅读还原 1-5: BDECA 七、语法填空 1. more outgoing 2. shy 3. better 4. hard 5. but 6. laugh 7. Thanks 8. touches 9. situations 10. more colourful 八、阅读理解选择 Passage 1: 1-5: BACCB Passage 2: 1-5: BBBBC 九、书面表达 参考范文： My best friend is Wang Lei. We have been friends since primary school. We are quite different from each other in many ways. Wang Lei is taller and more outgoing than me. He plays basketball better than I do, and he always wins in our matches. However, I am harder-working than him. I get up earlier and read more books in the morning. But we also have things in common. We both enjoy reading and listening to music. He is as funny as me, and we always make each other laugh. I think differences make our friendship more interesting. Thanks to Wang Lei, I am becoming more confident. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $