Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals（词汇与语法） 讲义 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

新八年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教2024版） ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 第11讲 八上 Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals（词汇与语法） 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） 教材版本：人教2024版 内容说明：学习动植物词汇、形容词最高级以及比较级与最高级的综合运用 一、重点词汇梳理 动物类词汇 英文 中文 tiger 老虎 lion 狮子 elephant 大象 panda 熊猫 dolphin 海豚 whale 鲸鱼 eagle 鹰 giraffe 长颈鹿 植物与自然类词汇 英文 中文 bamboo 竹子 cactus 仙人掌 rose 玫瑰 sunflower 向日葵 pine 松树 forest 森林 desert 沙漠 ocean 海洋 描述性形容词 英文 中文 amazing 令人惊奇的 dangerous 危险的 powerful 强大的 gentle 温和的 rare 稀有的 colorful 色彩鲜艳的 【易错点拨】最高级前必须加the：the tallest boy / the most beautiful flower 【易错点拨】最高级后用in表示"在某个范围/地点内"，用of表示"在某个群体中"：the tallest in our class / the fastest of all animals 【易错点拨】重读闭音节形容词双写末尾字母再加-est：big→biggest, hot→hottest, thin→thinnest 【易错点拨】以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词改y为i再加-est：easy→easiest, happy→happiest, funny→funniest 二、重点短语归纳 短语 含义 说明 in the world 在世界上 最高级常见范围 in nature 在大自然中 最高级常见范围 one of... ……之一 后接最高级+复数名词 more than 超过；多于 反义：less than less than 少于；不到 反义：more than feed on 以……为食 同义：live on be known for 因……而闻名 同义：be famous for be famous for 因……而著名 同义：be known for as fast as 和……一样快 as + 原级 + as 结构 in danger 处于危险中 in danger of 有……的危险 protect the environment 保护环境 protect...from 保护……免受 cut down 砍伐 cut down trees 砍树 be different from 与……不同 反义：be the same as all over the world 全世界 同义：around the world 三、语法精讲 1. 形容词最高级的构成规则 构成方式 示例 说明 单音节词 + -est tall→tallest, fast→fastest 一般单音节形容词 以e结尾 + -st large→largest, nice→nicest 避免重复加e 重读闭音节双写 + -est big→biggest, hot→hottest 辅元辅结构双写末字母 辅音+y → i + -est easy→easiest, happy→happiest 改y为i再加-est 多音节词 the most + 原级 the most beautiful, the most amazing 两个及以上音节 不规则变化 good→best, bad→worst, far→farthest/furthest 需单独记忆 2. the + 最高级 + in / of / among + 范围 最高级通常与in、of或among连用，表示比较范围： 结构 用法 例句 the + 最高级 + in + 地点/范围 在某个范围或地点内 The Nile is the longest river in the world. the + 最高级 + of/among + 群体 在某个群体中 The cheetah is the fastest of all land animals. one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 ……中最……之一 The panda is one of the rarest animals in the world. 【注意】最高级前一般要加定冠词the。但当最高级前有物主代词时，不加the：my best friend / his happiest day。 【注意】"one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词"结构中，名词必须用复数形式。 3. 比较级与最高级的区别 对比项 比较级 最高级 比较对象数量 两者之间比较 三者或三者以上比较 典型结构 A + be + 比较级 + than + B A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of... 常用修饰语 much / even / a little / far by far / almost / nearly / the second 常见句型 Which is + 比较级, A or B? Which is the + 最高级, A, B or C? 【注意】比较级和最高级不能同时使用。不能说"I'm the most taller in my class." 【注意】两者之间也可以用"the + 比较级"表示"两者中较……的一个"：He is the taller of the two boys. 四、典型例题 1. The blue whale is ______ animal on Earth. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest 【答案】D 【解析】最高级前必须加the，the largest意为"最大的"。D正确。 2. The cheetah runs ______ in the world. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 【答案】C 【解析】根据in the world判断用最高级。fastest是fast的最高级，副词最高级前the可省略。C正确。 3. Which is ______, the tiger or the lion? A. dangerous B. more dangerous C. most dangerous D. the most dangerous 【答案】B 【解析】两者之间比较用比较级，dangerous是多音节词，比较级为more dangerous。B正确。 4. The panda is one of ______ animals in the world. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 【答案】D 【解析】"one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词"是固定搭配，表示"最……之一"。D正确。 5. Of all the animals, the dolphin is ______. A. smart B. smarter C. smartest D. the smartest 【答案】D 【解析】"Of all..."表示"在所有……中"，是最高级的范围标志。D正确。 五、基础练习 （一）根据中文提示写出单词。 1. The ______（鹰）flies very high in the sky. 2. ______（竹子）is the main food of pandas. 3. The ______（海豚）is very smart and friendly to people. 4. The ______（玫瑰）is one of the most beautiful flowers. 5. ______（老虎）are in danger now. We should protect them. （二）用所给单词的适当形式填空。（最高级） 1. The elephant is the ______ (large) land animal on Earth. 2. This flower is the ______ (beautiful) in the garden. 3. The cheetah is the ______ (fast) animal on land. 4. Mount Qomolangma is one of the ______ (high) mountains in the world. 5. She is the ______ (happy) girl in our class. （三）单项选择。 1. The blue whale is ______ animal in the world. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest 2. Which is ______, the tiger or the lion? A. dangerous B. more dangerous C. most dangerous D. the most dangerous 3. Pandas are one of ______ animals in China. A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 4. This flower is the most beautiful ______ all. A. in B. of C. at D. on 5. The cheetah runs ______ of all land animals. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest （四）句型转换。 1. The blue whale is very large.（改为最高级） The blue whale is ______ ______ animal in the world. 2. No other animal is faster than the cheetah.（同义句） The cheetah is ______ ______ animal. 3. The sunflower is tall. The bamboo is taller.（合并为一句） The bamboo is ______ ______ the sunflower. 4. This is a very beautiful flower.（用最高级改写） This is ______ ______ flower in the garden. 5. Which animal is the most interesting, the panda, the dolphin or the elephant?（改为比较级） Which animal is ______ ______, the panda ______ the dolphin? 六、提高练习 （一）补全对话。 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子补全对话，其中有一项是多余的。 A: Hi, Mike! Do you like animals? B: Yes, I love animals. (1) ______ A: My favorite animal is the panda. B: (2) ______ A: Because they are very cute and gentle. B: (3) ______ A: Yes, they are one of the rarest animals in the world. B: (4) ______ A: They mainly eat bamboo. B: I see. (5) ______ A: We should plant more trees and protect the forests. A. Why do you like them? B. What do pandas eat? C. What's your favorite animal? D. That's interesting! E. How can we help them? F. Where do they live? （二）阅读理解。 阅读下文，根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。 The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. It is even bigger than the biggest dinosaur. A blue whale can be as long as 30 meters and weigh as much as 200 tons. That is heavier than 30 elephants! Blue whales live in oceans all over the world. They feed on tiny sea animals called krill. A blue whale can eat up to 4 tons of krill every day. Blue whales are very gentle animals. They are not dangerous to people. But they are in danger now because of pollution and climate change. There are only about 10,000 to 25,000 blue whales in the world. We must protect them. （ ）1. The blue whale is the largest animal on Earth. （ ）2. A blue whale can be 30 meters long. （ ）3. Blue whales eat small fish. （ ）4. Blue whales are dangerous to people. （ ）5. There are more than 100,000 blue whales in the world. （三）写作。 My Favorite Animal 要求：以My Favorite Animal为题写一篇短文，介绍你最喜欢的动物。至少写6句话，内容包括动物的外貌特征、生活习性、为什么喜欢以及如何保护它们。文中请尽量使用形容词最高级。 _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 参考答案 五、基础练习 （一）. 1. eagle 2. Bamboo 3. dolphin 4. rose 5. Tigers （二）. 1. largest（large的最高级） 2. most beautiful（多音节词最高级） 3. fastest（fast的最高级） 4. highest（high的最高级） 5. happiest（happy改y为i加-est） （三）. 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C （四）. 1. the largest 2. the fastest 3. taller than 4. the most beautiful 5. more interesting; or 六、提高练习 （一）. 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E（F为多余项） （二）. 1. T 2. T 3. F（蓝鲸吃的是krill磷虾，不是small fish） 4. F（蓝鲸对人类很温和，不危险） 5. F（全世界只有约1万到2.5万头蓝鲸） （三）. 略。参考范文： My favorite animal is the panda. Pandas are one of the most beautiful animals in the world. They are black and white and look very cute. Pandas live in the forests of China. They eat bamboo every day. Pandas are very gentle and friendly. They are the rarest animals in the world. We should protect them and their homes. I love pandas very much. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $