Unit 5 Powerful earth（知识清单）-2026-2027学年Join in外研剑桥英语六年级上册

该小学英语知识清单系统梳理了“Powerful earth”单元内容，涵盖自然灾害识别、救援故事阅读、安全建议表达及海报制作与英雄介绍，构建了“识别灾害—保持冷静—采取行动—互相帮助”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过知识地图整合“主题-词汇-句型-语法-语篇-输出”完整体系，词汇按类别分块标注搭配提示，语法分点精讲含结构与例句，语篇阅读分阶段梳理叙事逻辑，培养语言能力和思维品质。“单元速记”提炼知识链，“用法提示”辅助词汇应用，便于学生自主复习，教师可据此设计精准教学活动。

Join in 外研剑桥英语·六年级上册 Unit 5 Powerful earth 知识清单 一、单元学习目标 能识别并谈论 snowstorm, wildfire, volcanic eruption, tsunami, hurricane, earthquake 等自然灾害。 能读懂暴风雪、地震、飓风和海啸中的救援故事，按时间顺序复述人物、灾害、行动和结果。 能使用 should / shouldn’t、must / mustn’t 提出灾害中的安全建议和互助行动。 能制作自然灾害应对海报，并介绍一位在灾害或困难中帮助他人的英雄。 二、单元知识地图 项目 本单元重点 主题 Powerful earth：围绕自然灾害、灾害应对和暖心救援展开，形成“识别灾害—保持冷静—采取行动—互相帮助”的学习链。 核心词汇 snowstorm, wildfire, volcanic eruption, tsunami, hurricane, earthquake, flood, rescue team, firefighter, helper, safe, worried, calm。 核心句型 What should we do? / We should ... / We shouldn’t ... / We must ... / We mustn’t ... / How did ... help? 核心语法 should / shouldn’t 表达建议；must / mustn’t 表达必须和禁止；一般过去时叙述灾害中的经历；there was / were 描述灾害现场。 语篇阅读 Warm hearts in the storm 讲暴风雪中的互助；救援网页介绍地震、飓风和暴雪中的行动；The Wenchuan miracle 讲蒋宇航获救并成为消防员。 口语写作 能讨论灾害中的正确做法，制作应对小贴士海报，复述救援故事，并介绍 Wang Rui 等值得学习的人物。 三、重点词汇与语块 类别 词汇 / 语块 用法提示 自然灾害 snowstorm, wildfire, volcanic eruption, tsunami, hurricane, earthquake, flood 用于识别灾害名称，注意与天气、地点和影响搭配。 灾害现象 heavy rain, big waves, sea water, smoke, hot rocks, building shaking, forest on fire 新闻报道常用现象描述帮助判断灾害类型。 救援人员 rescue team, firefighter, helper, cook, people in the city 说明谁在灾害中提供帮助。 救援动作 push cars, move snow off the road, get ... from under a house, give food to, bring people back 可用过去式叙述已经完成的救援行动。 情绪与结果 worried, calm, safe, hope, warm at heart, join in, save lives 描述人物情绪变化和互助后的结果。 安全表达 keep calm, stay indoors, listen to the weather forecast, save food and water 用于制作灾害应对小贴士。 四、核心句型 功能 句型 用法 / 例句 识别灾害 What natural disaster is it? 根据 heavy rain, big waves, smoke 等现象判断灾害。 提出建议 What should we do? / We should ... What should we do in a snowstorm? We should move snow off the road. 表达禁止 We shouldn’t ... / We mustn’t ... We shouldn’t just sit and watch. We mustn’t panic. 表达必要行动 We must ... We must keep calm and stay safe. 询问救援 What did people do to help? They pushed cars, moved snow and gave food to people. 询问经历 How did ... feel? / How did ... help? How did Lucy feel at the beginning? How did the cooks help? 介绍英雄 ... is my hero. / We can learn a lot from ... Wang Rui is my hero. We can learn a lot from her. 五、核心语法精讲（一）：should / shouldn’t 表达建议 should 表示“应该”，用于提出较为合理、委婉的建议；shouldn’t 表示“不应该”。两者后面都接动词原形，常用于讨论灾害中的安全做法和互助行动。 句式 结构 例句 肯定建议 主语 + should + 动词原形 We should keep calm and stay indoors. 否定建议 主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形 We shouldn’t just sit and watch. 提问与回答 What should we do? We should ... What should we do in a snowstorm? We should help other people. 使用时先判断是在提出“应该做什么”，还是提醒“不要做什么”。should 后不能接 to，也不能把动词变成第三人称或过去式：We should help.（正确）We should to help.（错误）We should helps.（错误）。 六、核心语法精讲（二）：must / mustn’t 表达必须和禁止 must 表示“必须”，语气比 should 更强，强调灾害中的责任或必要行动；mustn’t 表示“禁止、千万不能”。两者后面同样接动词原形。 表达 含义 例句 must + 动词原形 必须做 We must keep calm. mustn’t + 动词原形 禁止做 We mustn’t just sit and watch. should 与 must 建议强度不同 We should help. 是建议；We must help. 是必须承担的责任。 注意 mustn’t 不等于“不必”。mustn’t 表示“不能做”；表示“不必做”通常用 don’t have to。根据教材语境，灾害海报中可以用 must / mustn’t 突出最重要的安全规则，用 should / shouldn’t 补充可行建议。 七、核心语法精讲（三）：一般过去时叙述灾害故事 救援故事讲述已经发生的事情，常用一般过去时。时间线索包括 after the earthquake, later, at last, after 124 hours, seven months later 等。复述时要按“灾害发生—人物处境—采取行动—结果”排列。 原形 过去式 故事中的用法 come came A big snowstorm came on our way home. feel felt I felt worried. / We felt warm at heart. go went The firefighters went out into the snow. take took We took our food and water. get got They got a woman from under a house. make made The cooks made lots of food. hear / cry / save heard / cried / saved He heard voices, cried out and was saved. 叙事中可用 and 连接连续动作，几个动词通常保持同一过去时间：They went out, brought people back and made lunch. 描述现在形成的认识或身份时可回到一般现在时：He became a firefighter and saves other people’s lives. 故事复述要先找时间词，再核对动词过去式。 八、核心语法精讲（四）：there was / there were 描述灾害现场 there was / there were 表示“过去某地有某人或某物”，适合描述灾害现场的环境、人员和物品。there was 后接单数或不可数名词，there were 后接复数名词。 句型 用法 例句 There was + 单数 / 不可数名词 过去有一个或一些不可数事物 There was a lot of snow. There were + 复数名词 过去有多个事物或人 There were fifteen helpers. There wasn’t / weren’t ... 过去没有某物 There wasn’t any safe road. There weren’t many cars moving. 判断 be 动词要同时看“过去时间”和“后面的名词”：a lot of snow 是不可数名词，用 was；fifteen helpers 是复数，用 were。不要因为 there 在句首就固定使用 is / are。 九、语篇阅读：Warm hearts in the storm 故事通过 Lucy 的情绪变化表现灾害中的互助：开始时担心，看到 helpers 后从旁观转为参与，最后虽然晚回家却感到心里温暖。阅读时抓住“处境—发现—行动—感受”。 故事阶段 原文信息 理解要点 处境 A big snowstorm came. The cars could not move. 暴风雪导致车辆无法前进，Lucy 和妈妈被困在车里。 发现 Four people were pushing cars. Three were moving snow off the road. Lucy 发现有人正在清理道路、帮助车辆。 转变 We should help, too. We mustn’t just sit and watch. 妈妈提出参与，Lucy 明白不能只旁观。 行动 They took their food and water and walked into the snow. 母女带上食物和水加入帮助。 结果 They felt warm at heart. It was wonderful to join in and help. 身体回家很晚，但内心因帮助别人而温暖。 复述框架：A snowstorm came ... / Lucy felt worried ... / She found helpers ... / Mum said ... / They took ... and walked ... / They felt warm at heart. 十、语篇阅读：Rescue stories 救援网页中的三个帖子分别对应 earthquake、hurricane 和 snowstorm。阅读时先找灾害，再找人物采取的具体行动，不能只写“他们帮助了别人”。 故事 灾害 具体行动与结果 Rararan earthquake China’s rescue team travelled to the village, worked hard and got a woman from under a house. Lucky_Jim hurricane Four cooks made lots of food and gave it to people in the city. Akk snowstorm Firefighters went out, brought people to the fire station and made a Christmas lunch. 回答 What did people do to help? 时，要使用动词短语回答：They travelled, worked, got, made, gave, went out, brought ...。多个动作可按原文顺序连接。 十一、语篇阅读：The Wenchuan miracle 文章讲述蒋宇航在废墟下坚持等待、保存体力、寻找希望，最终获救，后来成为消防员去拯救他人。阅读时关注时间线和人物选择。 时间 / 阶段 原文信息 理解要点 地震发生 On 12 May, 2008, an earthquake hit Wenchuan. 灾害发生，蒋宇航被困在倒塌的楼房下。 等待救援 He didn’t cry for help at first. He wanted to save energy. 先不呼救是为了保存体力，体现冷静和判断。 保持希望 He thought of happy times. This gave him hope. 回忆快乐时光给了他坚持下去的力量。 获救 He heard voices, cried out and was saved after 124 hours. 听到声音后呼救，最终在124小时后获救。 后来 After seven months, he became a firefighter. 从获救者成长为救援者，继续帮助别人。 十二、口语与写作：Make a disaster tips poster 灾害应对海报要把建议写得具体，按“灾害情境—应该做什么—不应该做什么—互相帮助”组织。 表达部分 句型 例句 关注信息 You should listen to ... You should listen to the weather forecast. 保持安全 You should ... / stay ... You should keep calm and stay indoors. 准备物资 You should save ... You should save food and water. 禁止行为 You shouldn’t / mustn’t ... You mustn’t panic. You shouldn’t just sit and watch. 帮助他人 We should / must ... We should help other people. Can you join in? 十三、日常英语：Talk about a hero 表达功能 常用表达 示例 介绍英雄 ... is my hero. Wang Rui is my hero. 描述品质 She is brave. / She works so hard. She is brave and works so hard. 介绍行动 Every day, she practised. Every day, she practised and helped people. 表达学习 We can learn a lot from her. We can learn a lot from her. 请求补充 Tell me more about her. Tell me more about her, please. 十四、单元速记 主题与知识链：Powerful earth；识别 snowstorm、wildfire、volcanic eruption、tsunami、hurricane、earthquake -> 保持冷静、采取行动 -> 救援与互助。 语法与输出：should / shouldn’t 提建议，must / mustn’t 表必须和禁止，一般过去时复述故事，there was / were 描述现场；阅读暴风雪、救援网页和汶川故事；输出灾害应对海报、救援故事复述和英雄介绍。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $