Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition（配套课件PPT）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版·新教材）

该高中英语课件聚焦虚拟语气（II）的其他用法，涵盖含蓄条件句、wish/if only/as if从句、名词性从句等核心知识点。通过改编自新课标读后续写的短文进行语境感悟，引导学生画出虚拟句，搭建从语篇理解到语法规则的学习支架，衔接前期if条件句虚拟语气知识。 其亮点在于采用表格归纳不同虚拟语气情况的用法及例句，结合疑难点津辨析易混点，如suggest表“暗示”时不用虚拟语气。达标检测从单句填空到短文补全层层递进，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。例如用“without your help, I would have failed”练习含蓄条件句，帮助学生系统掌握语法，提升教师教学效率。

Section Ⅲ Fun with science Unit 4 Grammar and composition—Subjunctive mood (Ⅱ)：other cases 阅读下面的短文，画出文中的虚拟句。 (改编自2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) David sat down next to his teacher with his head down.He said，“If only I were as normal as others！I would rather I had not signed up for the race.”Then tears rolled down his cheeks.The teacher patted him on his back and comforted him，saying，“I believe you could make it but it is important that you should believe in yourself.”Hearing the teacher’s words，David felt as if hope had waved to him.He was thankful to his teacher，because without his teacher’s encouragement，he would not have courage to take part in the run.He moved up to the starting line and wished he would be the first to reach the finishing line. 语境感悟 答案　 1.If only I were as normal as others！I would rather I had not signed up for the race. 2....it is important that you should believe in yourself. 3....David felt as if hope had waved to him. 4....without his teacher’s encouragement，he would not have courage to take part in the run. 5....wished he would be the first to reach the finishing line. 语法精讲 除了if 引导的虚拟条件句以外，以下情况通常也需要使用虚拟语气： 一、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 含蓄条件句中常见的词或短语有without，but for，otherwise，or 等，用法见表： 用法 例句 but for，without等介词(短语)表示条件 Without your help，we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，... 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 用法 例句 用otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气 I’m busy now，otherwise/or I would help you with your work. 我现在很忙，否则我会帮你干活的。 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况，结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。 I should have given you more help，but I was too busy. 我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。 二、虚拟语气用在wish，if only，as if/though后的从句中 条件 从句谓语形式 例句 从句谓语动作与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词用were) If only I were a flying bird！＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我多么希望我是一只会飞的小鸟啊！ 从句谓语动作与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 If only I had seen the film！＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看过那部电影该多好啊！ 条件 从句谓语形式 例句 从句谓语动作与将来事实相反 would＋动词原形 He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad. 他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去国外一样。 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1.句中含有以下动词或这些词派生出来的形容词、名词时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。常这样使用的动词有： He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 His suggestion was that we (should) start off early the next day. 他的建议是我们第二天早点出发。 It was suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. 人们建议我们第二天早点出发。 [疑难点津] 当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。 2.would rather之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 I would rather they didn’t hear of the news. 我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。 I would rather you hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。 3.某些“It is/was＋形容词/过去分词/名词＋that引导的主语从句”结构中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。常见的用于本句型的形容词、过去分词、名词有： 形容词 necessary，important，impossible，advisable，essential，urgent，strange等 过去分词 通常表示“提议、要求、命令”等，如suggested，required，requested，urged，demanded，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等 名词 pity，regret，shame，honour，surprise等 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我们在今晚之前将一切都准备好。 It is important that we (should) keep our promise. 重要的是我们应该信守诺言。 四、其他常见结构中的虚拟语气 1.表示“该做某事了”，其虚拟语气的结构为“It is (high/about) time that＋主语＋动词的过去式/should＋动词原形(should不能省略)”。 It is high time that we should take measures/took measures to protect our environment. 现在是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 2.表示“祝愿”时，常用“may＋主语＋动词原形＋其他”。 May our friendship last forever. 愿我们的友谊天长地久。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.—Congratulations! You made it! —Thank you! Without your help，I (fail). 2.Luckily，we set out half an hour early.Otherwise，we _______________ (miss) the train. 3.I am really upset at the news.I would rather you (not，tell) me about it. 4.If only she (be) here right now. 达标检测 would have failed would have missed had not told were 5.Even if I (know) what to do，I wouldn’t let you know now. 6.Everybody looks at me as if I (be) an alien. 7.It is important that everyone (obey) school rules. 8.—Mrs Wang explained this theory in great detail yesterday. —I know.How I wish I (listen) to her attentively in class! knew were (should) obey had listened Ⅱ.完成句子 1.奇怪的是，他竟然未经主人的允许就拿走了这本书。 It is strange that . 2.他强烈要求他们给出合理的解释。 He demanded that . 3.她偷偷地擦去脸上的眼泪，好像她没有受到失败的影响。 She wiped the tears from her face secretly ___________________________ . he (should) take the book without the owner’s permission they (should) give a reasonable explanation as if she hadn’t been affected by the failure 4.为了提高你学习汉语的热情，建议你在学习策略上做一些改变。 To improve your passion for learning Chinese，it is recommended that . some changes (should) be made in your learning strategies Ⅲ.用虚拟语气补全下面的短文 My friend，Mary，treats me very well as if 1. (好像她就是我的姐姐一样).Last week I bought her a skirt as a birthday gift.But after she tried it on，she couldn’t help shouting，2.“___________ (要是我能再瘦一点就好了)! How I wish I hadn’t eaten so much！”Now I realize that 3._______________________________ (到了我该帮助她减肥的时候了).I suggest that 4.____ (她应该去看医生).The doctor advises that firstly 5. (她应该多吃蔬菜和水果). she were my sister If only I were a little thinner it is high time that I helped/should help her lose weight she (should) go to see the doctor she (should) eat more vegetables and fruit In addition，6. (她定期锻炼是很重要的).The doctor finally says that if she had done these earlier，7. (她现在就不会那么胖了).I wish 8. (我会很快看到一个新的Mary). it is important that she (should) work out regularly she would not be so fat now I would see a “new” Mary soon 训练2 21 A Ever since the 1960s，seismologist(地震学家) on multiple continents have detected a mysterious pulse that every 26 seconds.But in the last 60 years no one has been able to figure out what this sound actually is. Ⅰ.阅读理解 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了自20世纪60年代以来，多个大洲的地震学家已经探测到每26秒一次的神秘脉冲，但还没有人能够弄清楚这到底是什么。 The “heartbeat of the Earth” was first recorded in 1962，by John Oliver，a researcher at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory，Columbia University.Then，in 1980，Gary Holcomb，a geologist with the U.S.Geological Survey，also discovered the mysterious pulse.But for some reason，the two researchers’ discoveries remained virtually unknown for over two decades，until a graduate student at the University of Colorado，Boulder，once again detected the “heartbeat” and decided to look into it. Mike Ritzwoller，a seismologist at the University of Colorado，did a lot of work with his colleague，but they were never able to explain what it actually was. One theory claims that it’s caused by waves，while another states that it’s due to volcanic activity.The wave theory dates back to 2011，when Garrett Euler，a graduate student at Washington University in St.Louis，tied the origin of the pulse to a part of the Gulf of Guinea called the Bight of Bonny.According to him，when waves hit the continental shelf，the pressure deforms the ocean floor，causing pulses that reflect the wave pattern.Euler’s theory was believable，but not everyone was convinced by it.In 2013，Yingjie Xia，a researcher from the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics in Wuhan，China，suggested that the source of the 26-second pulse was volcanic activity.His theory made sense as well.But neither of the two theories fully explain the pulse. Why does the 26-second pulse only occur in the Bight of Bonny? Waves hit coastlines all over the world，and there are plenty of other regions with seismic activity，so what is so special about this place? Well，that’s one question that no one has ever answered.And it’s not just that it’s a tough puzzle to solve，but also that seismologists don’t really seem interested in it. 1.What can be inferred about the “heartbeat of the Earth” from the passage? A.Researchers have found out exactly what it is. B.It was first detected in 1962 by Gary Holcomb. C.It can only be felt when you are in the Bight of Bonny. D.It wasn’t until the 2000s that it caught people’s attention. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其最后一句可推知，“地球的心跳”直到21世纪初才真正引起人们的注意。故选D。 解析 2.What is the last paragraph but one mainly about? A.How these two theories came about. B.An explanation of Euler’s wave theory. C.Two theories about what causes the pulse. D.Why these two theories are not convincing enough. √ 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段首句“One theory claims that it’s caused by waves，while another states that it’s due to volcanic activity.”以及之后的介绍可知，本段讲了两个关于脉冲成因的理论。故选C。 解析 3.What is seismologists’ attitude towards finding out why the pulse only happens in the Bight of Bonny? A.Indifferent. B.Curious. C.Anxious. D.Amused. √ 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“And it’s not just that it’s a tough puzzle to solve，but also that seismologists don’t really seem interested in it.”可知，地震学家对这个问题并不感兴趣。故选A。 解析 4.What would be a suitable title for this passage? A.Earth’s Heartbeat—A Mysterious Sound B.Two Theories Related to Earth’s Heartbeat C.Bight of Bonny—Home to Earth’s Heartbeat D.The Reason Why Earth’s Heartbeat Happens √ 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了地球的脉冲，包括人们对其的发现和推测，所以最合适的标题为A项“地球的心跳——一道很神秘的声音”。故选A。 解析 B The wires, screens and batteries that make up our devices—not to mention the plastic, metal and other materials that package them—are filling up landfills.Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners, for instance.Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的环保电池。 “It’s these small batteries that are big problems，” says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan.“Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.” Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology(EMPA) are working to address this problem.Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices. The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently.Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode(正极), a negatively charged side called an anode(负极), and a conductive material called an electrolyte(电解质) between the two.A traditional battery’s components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves(溶解) when the paper is dampened with water.The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte. When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable.Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow.Once the paper is dampened, the battery becomes active within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again. 5.What can we infer about small disposal batteries according to Dele Ogunseitan? A.They are no big problems. B.They need to be addressed. C.They should be made larger. D.They are environmentally friendly. √ 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Other e-waste is more hidden, such as...one-off batteries and other equipment.”以及第二段中“It’s these small batteries that are big problems”可知，较小的一次性电池垃圾较为隐蔽，但它们是真正的大问题。由此推断这些较小的一次性电池垃圾是亟须解决的。故选B。 解析 6.What’s special about the new battery? A.It has a cathode and an anode. B.It has different key components. C.Its cathode and anode are printed on paper. D.Its components are packaged in plastic and metal. √ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A traditional battery’s components... are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.”可知，新型电池的特殊之处在于它的正极和负极是被印在纸上的。故选C。 解析 7.What is used to make the new battery start to operate? A.Salt. B.Metal. C.Ink. D.Water. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow.”可知，只要加入几滴水，盐就会溶解，让电子流动，所以使新型电池开始工作的是水。故选D。 解析 8.In which section can we find the text? A.Advances. B.Reviews. C.Culture. D.Opinion. √ 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的电池可以减少电子垃圾的产生。故可以推断文章出自科技进展部分。故选A。 解析 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者年轻时教会了三个年过五十的人识字，他们说作者给了他们新的生命。作者当时没有完全明白，直到年老时才明白因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的，他决心为自己开创新的生活。 It was a small graduation party.Only Ed，Max，Raul and I were there.All three men，each over the age of fifty，had achieved a 1 in their lives.They could 2 . 1.A.first B.medal C.career D.prize 2.A.work B.survive C.read D.drive Ⅱ.完形填空 √ √ 1.根据第二段内容“这三个人克服了几十年的尴尬和掩盖自己的文盲的一生，报名参加了一个由我教授的为期三个月的免费课程”可知，此处是指这三个已年过五十的人都取得了人生中的空前成就。first在此意为“空前的成就”。故选A。 2.根据第三、四段内容可知，此处是指他们可以阅读了。故选C。 解析 Overcoming decades of 3 and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy，these three men had signed up for a free three-month course，taught by me. 3.A.sorrow B.depression C.threat D.embarrassment √ 根据“a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy”和第四段的“shameful secret”可知，此处是指几十年不识字的尴尬。故选D。 解析 “I take the bus every day to work，” said Ed.“I have done it for over thirty years.Just yesterday I 4 what the words ‘Emergency Exit’ mean.” Max reported that he was 5 to understand much of Monday’s newspaper sports article on his beloved Dallas Cowboys. 4.A.heard about B.looked through C.put forward D.figured out 5.A.likely B.able C.cautious D.eager √ √ 4.根据下文“understand much of Monday’s newspaper sports article”可推知，此处是指他理解了“紧急出口”是什么意思。故选D。 5.根据上下文语境可知，此处是指他能够理解周一的报纸上关于他心爱的达拉斯牛仔队的体育文章的大部分内容。故选B。 解析 6 ，his break time was spent 7 to read in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret.As our final night came to a close，Raul took my hand between his rough ones：“You gave me a 8 .You gave me a new life.” 6.A.Ultimately B.Lately C.Previously D.Gradually 7.A.learning B.continuing C.managing D.pretending 8.A.future B.choice C.break D.lesson √ √ √ 6.根据“in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret”可知，此处是指之前的事。故选C。 7.根据“in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret”可知，此处是指他的休息时间都用来假装阅读。故选D。 8.根据“You gave me a new life.”可知，此处是指给了他一个未来。故选A。 解析 Being so young，I did not grasp the full 9 of his simple statement until my own gray hairs appeared and a(n) 10 downturn robbed me of my work and income security. 9.A.purpose B.wisdom C.comment D.background 10.A.educational B.scientific C.physical D.economic √ √ 9.根据下文叙述尤其是“A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me”可知，此处是指“我”直到年老失去工作时才明白他这句简单的话的全部智慧。故选B。 10.根据“robbed me of my work and income security”可知，此处是指经济衰退剥夺了“我”的工作和收入保障。故选D。 解析 Now I’m the 11 of my former pupils and my future needs a 12 button.I realize that limiting my destiny(命运) because of my age or my lack of skills is 13 . 11.A.age B.example C.image D.guide 12.A.new B.restart C.special D.play 13.A.crucial B.reasonable C.foolish D.annoying √ √ √ 11.根据“my own gray hairs appeared”可知，此处是指现在“我”的年龄和“我”以前的学生差不多了。故选A。 12.根据“I am determined to make a new life for myself”可知，此处是指“我”的未来需要一个重新开始的按钮。故选B。 13.根据“limiting my destiny (命运) because of my age or my lack of skills”可知，此处是指因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的。故选C。 解析 A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me as long as I have the courage to 14 it out and work for it. 14.A.seek B.let C.bring D.carry √ 根据“work for it”可知，此处是指勇于去寻找机会。故选A。 解析 Like Ed，Max and Raul，I am determined to make a new life for myself.They 15 me well. 15.A.trained B.taught C.cloned D.controlled √ 根据“Like Ed，Max and Raul，I am determined to make a new life for myself.”可知，此处是指他们教了“我”很多。故选B。 解析 本课结束 $