Unit 2 Brilliant Thoughts（单元同步写作讲义）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

本讲义聚焦“奇思创造改变世界”核心主题，系统梳理发明相关分类词汇（物品材料、发明核心词、-en后缀变形等）、主题短语（材质描述、被动语态、历史对比等）及功能句式（开头引入、中间分述、结尾升华），构建从基础语言框架到介绍发明、发明家及议论文写作的递进学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过中外发明案例（如中国四大发明与电灯、电话）搭建跨文化语境，分类词汇与功能句式提升表达准确性。思维品质方面，借助对比句型、步骤说明等训练逻辑思维，范例与实战演练结合，课中辅助教师系统教学，课后助力学生仿写巩固，有效弥补写作短板。

Unit 2 Brilliant Thoughts单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，归属于课标主题群历史、社会与文化、科学与技术，核心子主题包含：中外重大发明创造、杰出发明家与科学先驱、科技发展对人类社会的推动、创新思维与实践精神、中华古代科技文明传承。本单元以“奇思创造改变世界”为核心载体，将古今科技成果、中外发明家事迹、传统文化自信、创新品格培育、跨文化科技对比融为一体。单元围绕核心问题 “What is invention in your eyes” 展开，先通过物品材质、用途对话搭建基础语言框架，再依托中国四大发明、电灯、电话、汽车等中外经典发明语篇，梳理发明诞生的背景、过程与历史价值。单元兼顾中华优秀科技文化传播（造纸、活字印刷、指南针、火药）与世界科技发展史实，让学生在了解科技发展脉络的同时，树立崇尚创造、勇于实践、传承中华科技智慧的价值观念。 词汇积累 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、物品与材料类（写作描述发明材质必备） 1.raincoat n. 雨衣 2.wooden adj. 木制的 3.wood n. 木头，木材 4.lock n. 锁 /v. 锁上 5.metal n. 金属 6.plastic adj. 塑料的 /n. 塑料 7.glass n. 玻璃 8.bamboo n. 竹子 9.paper n. 纸 10.woolen adj. 羊毛制的 11.material n. 材料，原料 12.umbrella n. 雨伞 13.lover n. 爱好者 二、发明、人物与科技核心词 1.invent v. 发明（创造新事物） 2.invention n. 发明，发明物 3.inventor n. 发明家 4.discover v. 发现（原本存在的事物） 5.discovery n. 发现 6.create v. 创造 7.creative adj. 有创造力的 8.creativity n. 创造力 9.bulb n. 电灯泡 10.gunpowder n. 火药 11.compass n. 指南针 12.paper-making n. 造纸术 13.printing n. 印刷 14.movable adj. 可移动的 15.movable type printing n. 活字印刷术 16.philosopher n. 哲学家 17.position n. 地位，位置 18.sail v. 航行 19.sailor n. 水手 20.magnetic adj. 有磁性的 21.needle n. 针 22.disk n. 圆盘 23.war n. 战争 24.drug n. 药物 25.experiment n. 实验 26.process n. 过程 27.tool n. 工具 28.machine n. 机器 29.technology n. 科技，技术 30.breakthrough n. 突破 31.design v.&n. 设计 32.patent n. 专利 33.program n. 项目，方案 34.engineer n. 工程师 35.research n.&v. 研究 36.scientist n. 科学家 三、-en 后缀变形词汇（语法写作高频词，形容词变动词 / 名词变形容词） 1.名词 + en→形容词（表材质） wooden adj. 木制的（wood n. 木头） woolen adj. 羊毛的（wool n. 羊毛） 形容词 + en→动词（使…… 变得，写作万能动词） short v. shorten 缩短 wide v. widen 拓宽 dark v. darken （使）变暗 bright v. brighten 照亮；使明亮 broad v. broaden 拓宽（眼界） sharp v. sharpen 削尖；使锋利 rich v. enrich 丰富 large v. enlarge 扩大 en - 前缀动词 encourage v. 鼓励 endanger v. 危及，使处于危险 4、 写作描述品质、观点类形容词 / 副词 1.ancient adj. 古代的 2.modern adj. 现代的 3.useful adj. 有用的 4.useless adj. 无用的 5.important adj. 重要的 6.great adj. 伟大的 7.amazing adj. 令人惊叹的 8.convenient adj. 方便的 9.creative adj. 富有创造力的 10.valuable adj. 有价值的 11.famous adj. 著名的 12.certainly adv. 无疑，当然 13.mainly adv. 主要地 14.rapid adj. 快速的 15.widely adv. 广泛地 16.global adj. 全球的 17.whole adj. 全部的，完整的 五、单元写作拓展动词（动作描写） 1.spread v. 传播，扩散 2.solve v. 解决 3.meet v. 满足 4.produce v. 生产，制造 5.appear v. 出现 6.pass v. 传递，流传 7.carry v. 携带，承载 8.improve v. 改良，改善 9.develop v. 发展，研发 10.guide v. 指引，指导 11.observe v. 观测，观察 12.complete v. 完成 13.realize v. 意识到；实现 六、写作必备名词（抽象概念，升华作文） 1.progress n. 进步 2.need n. 需求 3.knowledge n. 知识 4.culture n. 文化 5.history n. 历史 6.influence n. 影响 7.development n. 发展 8.communication n. 交流，通讯 9.achievement n. 成就 10.advantage n. 优点，好处 11.disadvantage n. 缺点，弊端 12.world n. 世界 13.society n. 社会 短语： 1、 材质与物品描述类 be made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料） be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 送给某人某物 protect sb. from getting wet 保护某人不被淋湿 lock the door 锁门 all kinds of /many kinds of 各种各样的 plastic raincoat 塑料雨衣 wooden guitar 木制吉他 bamboo chopsticks 竹筷 glass skywalk 玻璃栈道 metal lock 金属锁 二、古今发明 & 科技核心写作短语（单元主题核心，写四大发明、现代发明、发明家专用） life-changing inventions 改变生活的发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明 paper-making 造纸术 movable type printing 活字印刷术 gunpowder 火药 compass n. 指南针 hold a leading position in… 在…… 处于领先地位 day and night 日日夜夜 meet the need (s) 满足需求 bring about 引发；催生 solve the problem of… 解决…… 的问题 depend on 依靠；取决于 pass on 传递；流传 spread knowledge 传播知识 spread around the world 传遍世界 search for information 查阅资料；搜索信息 put into use 投入使用 work day and night 日夜钻研 carry out experiments 做实验 overcome difficulties 克服难题 dream big 心怀远大梦想 三、人物品质 & 创新类（评价发明家、表达创新观点，作文升华专用） start with a need or problem 从需求 / 难题出发 draw out one’s ideas 写下 / 勾勒自己的想法 come across new ideas 偶然想到新思路 try something else 尝试其他办法 ask sb. for help 向某人求助 never give up 永不放弃 put in the effort 付出努力 be creative in daily life 在日常生活中富有创造力 learn from great inventors 向伟大发明家学习 make one’s dream invention 设计自己理想的发明 share one’s dream invention 分享自己理想的发明 make a poster of inventions 制作发明海报 make a booklet of scientific achievements 制作科技成就小册子 四、被动语态高频写作短语 be invented by… 由…… 发明 be created by… 由…… 创造 be widely used 被广泛使用 be known as… 被誉为；被称作 be famous for… 因…… 闻名 be developed in… 在…… 被研发 be put into use 被投入使用 be made into new products 被制成新产品 五、拓展观点 & 结尾升华短语（议论文 / 说明文收尾加分短语） in one’s eyes 在某人看来 as a matter of fact 事实上 as we all know 众所周知 make great progress 取得巨大进步 speed up the development of human society 加速人类社会发展 change the whole world 改变整个世界 bring great convenience to people 给人们带来极大便利 improve people’s lives 改善人们的生活 have a great influence on… 对…… 产生重大影响 benefit human beings 造福人类 六、对话场景实用短语（记叙文叙事可用） look for information about inventions 查找发明相关资料 talk about the three most important inventions 讨论最重要的三项发明 record history and nature 记录历史与自然 collect stamps 集邮 change the way of communication 改变交流方式 do research on… 研究…… test new machines 测试新机器 work as a scientist 担任科学家 七、写作万能动词短语（-en 后缀变形配套搭配） broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界 enrich people’s lives 丰富人们的生活 enlarge the picture 放大图片 sharpen pencils 削铅笔 darken the sky 天色变暗 shorten the time 缩短时间 widen roads 拓宽道路 句式积累 开头句：（引入发明、发明家、创新话题，适用介绍类作文） 1. 引入单元主题（总起全文） What is invention in your eyes? Different people have different ideas.在你眼中什么是发明？不同人有不同看法。 Inventions have changed people’s lives greatly since ancient times.自古以来，发明极大地改变了人们的生活。 There are lots of amazing inventions in the world, and ancient Chinese inventions impress me most. 世界上有许多了不起的发明，中国古代发明最让我震撼。 Need is the mother of invention, as the old saying goes.常言道，需求是发明之母。 2. 介绍物品 / 发明基础开篇（介绍某一项发明） The light bulb is one of the most important inventions in history.灯泡是历史上最重要的发明之一。 This wooden guitar was given to me as my birthday gift last year.这把木吉他是去年别人送给我的生日礼物。 It is made of metal and it’s used for locking the door.它由金属制成，用来锁门。 3. 引出人物（写发明家作文开头） Thomas Edison is a great inventor who invented the light bulb in 1879. 托马斯・爱迪生是伟大的发明家，他在 1879 年发明了灯泡。 Bi Sheng made movable type printing hundreds of years ago. 数百年前毕昇发明了活字印刷术。 中间句:（分述发明材质、用途、历史、意义；分论点、细节描写） （一）描述物品材质 & 用途（说明文细节句） It is made of plastic and metal, and it is used for work and play.它由塑料和金属制成，用来工作和娱乐。 This glass skywalk is very high, so few people dare to walk on it.这座玻璃栈道很高，很少有人敢走上去。 Bamboo chopsticks are an important part of Chinese dining culture.竹筷是中国饮食文化的重要一部分。 （二）讲解发明诞生 & 历史（写四大发明 / 现代发明核心句） Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips and expensive silk. 纸发明之前，人们在沉重竹简和昂贵丝绸上书写。 Cai Lun improved paper-making technology by using cheap materials.蔡伦利用廉价材料改良了造纸术。 In the Northern Song Dynasty, people invented the compass to find directions at sea. 北宋时期，人们发明指南针用于海上辨别方向。 At first, gunpowder was only used in fireworks, later it was used in wars. 起初火药只用于烟花，后来被运用到战争中。 Movable type printing made it much easier to spread knowledge around the world. 活字印刷让知识更容易在全世界传播。 （三）被动语态核心句（单元重点语法，写作必用） The first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 第一部电话由亚历山大・格拉汉姆・贝尔于 1876 年发明。 Post-it notes were invented in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver.便利贴是斯宾塞・西尔弗博士 1968 年发明的。 Many useful things are produced by machines now.如今许多实用物品都由机器生产。 The old pencils were sharpened by hand in the past.过去的铅笔都是手工削尖的。 （四）-en 后缀句式（单元语法拓展句） Television can enrich people’s lives and broaden their minds.电视能够丰富人们的生活，开阔人们的眼界。 We can shorten the working time with this new machine.我们可以用这台新机器缩短工作时长。 Magnifiers can enlarge small words for old people to read.放大镜可以放大小字，方便老人阅读。 （五）创新、成为发明家（梦想发明类作文中间句） If you want to be an inventor, you should start with a problem in daily life. 如果你想成为发明家，应当从日常生活的难题入手。 You’d better search online for more useful information about your idea. 你最好上网查找更多和你的创意相关的有用资料。 Don’t give up even if you meet lots of difficulties during your tests. 即便实验中遇到很多困难，也不要放弃。 We can draw out our ideas on paper before making new inventions. 制作新发明前，我们可以把想法画在纸上。 （六）对比 / 递进论述句（议论文加分句） In the past, people communicated by letters, but now cellphones help us talk easily. 过去人们靠书信沟通，现在手机让交流变得便捷。 These inventions not only bring us convenience, but also speed up social progress. 这些发明不仅带给我们便利，还加速社会进步。 结尾句:（总结发明价值、抒发感悟、发出号召、畅想未来） 1. 总结发明历史与价值（四大发明说明文收尾） The four great inventions of ancient China are great gifts to the whole world. 中国古代四大发明是送给全世界的珍贵礼物。 All these great inventions together speeded up the development of human society. 所有伟大发明共同推动了人类社会的发展。 Without these inventions, the world wouldn’t develop so fast. 如果没有这些发明，世界不会发展得如此迅速。 2. 抒发个人感悟（常规作文升华） I really admire those inventors who never stop trying new things.我十分敬佩那些不断尝试新事物的发明家。 Every small creative idea may become a great invention one day. 每一个小小的创意，终有一天可能会成为伟大的发明。 These life-changing inventions truly make our world better and better. 这些改变生活的发明实实在在让我们的世界变得越来越好。 3. 畅想未来、立志创新（梦想发明 / 演讲稿结尾） If I dream big and keep putting in efforts, I can create my own invention one day. 如果我心怀远大梦想，并持续付出努力，终有一天我能创造属于自己的发明。 I hope I can design a dream invention to help people solve daily problems. 我希望能设计一款理想发明，帮助人们解决日常难题。 We should keep thinking and being creative in our daily life.我们在日常生活中应当持续思考，保持创新。 4. 通用议论文总结句 As we can see, inventions play an important role in our whole life. 由此可见，发明在我们整个人生中扮演重要角色。 It’s necessary for us to learn from inventors and keep creating new things. 我们有必要向发明家学习，不断创造新事物。 佳句仿写 单元写作核心主题 Introduce inventions 介绍古今发明 My dream invention 我理想的发明 How to become an inventor 如何成为一名发明家 板块 1：物品材质 & 用途基础句型 教材原句：It is made of metal and it is used for locking the door. 仿写：它由竹子制成，是用来吃饭的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：This wooden guitar was given to me as my birthday gift last year. 仿写：这座玻璃栈道是景区最有名的景点之一。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 2：被动语态核心句型（单元重点语法，介绍发明诞生） 教材原句：The first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 仿写：活字印刷术是毕昇在古代中国发明的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：Post-it notes were invented in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver. 仿写：电灯泡是爱迪生 1879 年发明的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 3：古今历史对比句型（四大发明叙事专用） 教材原句：Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips and expensive silk. 仿写：在指南针发明前，水手依靠星星辨别方向。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：At first, gunpowder was only used in fireworks. Later people used it in wars. 仿写：起初人们只用印刷术印书籍，后来它传遍了全世界。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 4：-en 后缀动词加分句型（写作提升句） 教材原句：Television can enrich people’s lives and broaden their minds. 仿写：读书可以丰富我们的知识，开阔我们的眼界。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：We can shorten the working time with this new machine. 仿写：放大镜可以放大小字，方便老人阅读。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 5：步骤说明句型（主题：如何成为发明家） 教材原句：First of all, you can start with finding a problem. Next, draw out your ideas on paper. 仿写：首先我们要发现生活中的难题，然后把创意画下来。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：Don’t give up even if you fail many times. Keep on trying! 仿写：就算实验一次次失败也不要放弃，坚持下去就会成功。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 6：开篇观点主旨句型（作文开头总起） 教材原句：Need is the mother of invention. A problem pushes people to create new things. ________________________________________________________________________________ 仿写：好奇心是发明之母，好奇心驱使人们不断探索。 教材原句：There are lots of amazing inventions changing our daily life. 仿写：许多中国古代发明推动了人类社会的进步。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 7：结尾升华励志句型（作文收尾） 教材原句：If you dream big and put in effort, you can also become an inventor. 仿写：只要坚持思考、永不放弃，我们也能创造出有用的发明。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：The four great inventions are great gifts from China to the whole world. 仿写：这些伟大发明极大地改善了全世界人们的生活。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 板块 1：物品材质 & 用途基础句型 It is made of bamboo and it is used for having meals. This glass skywalk is one of the most famous sights in the scenic area. 板块 2：被动语态核心句型（单元重点语法，介绍发明诞生） Movable type printing was invented by Bi Sheng in ancient China. The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879. 板块 3：古今历史对比句型（四大发明叙事专用） Before the compass was invented, sailors depended on stars to find directions. At first people only used printing to make books. Later it spread all over the world. Reading can enrich our knowledge and broaden our horizons. Magnifiers can enlarge small words for old people to read. 板块 5：步骤说明句型（主题：如何成为发明家） First of all, we can find problems in daily life. Next, draw our creative ideas on paper. Don’t give up even if you fail the experiments many times. Keep trying and you will succeed. 板块 6：开篇观点主旨句型（作文开头总起） Curiosity is the mother of invention. Curiosity pushes people to keep exploring. Lots of ancient Chinese inventions push forward the development of human society. 板块 7：结尾升华励志句型（作文收尾） If we keep thinking and never give up, we can also create useful inventions. These great inventions greatly improve people’s lives all over the world. 典例 根据以下提示，写一篇关于如何成为发明家的短文 写作要求： 请你以“How to Become an Inventor”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍如何成为一名发明家。内容包括： 1. 从发现问题开始； 2. 制定一个好的计划； 3. 实施计划并克服困难； 4. 永不放弃并坚持努力。 注意：不少于70词；可适当运用本单元所学词汇与表达。 How to Become an Inventor ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： How to Become an Inventor Do you want to be an inventor? Here are some suggestions for you. First, you can start with finding a problem. Look around you and see if you can make any improvements. An idea may come to you. Next, you should have a good plan. Draw out your ideas on paper and make a list of things to do. After that, carry out your plan. If you meet difficulties, don’t be afraid. Never give up and keep on trying. Remember, difficulties are just stepping stones toward success. If you dream big and work hard, you can also become a great inventor. 写作步骤： [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：介绍类说明文，全文以一般现在时为主 明确要点：成为发明家的四条方法：从发现问题开始、制定好计划、实施计划并克服困难、永不放弃并坚持努力 确定人称：第二人称 (you/your) 注意事项：需包含所有写作要点，词数不少于70，可灵活使用单元重点词汇与表达 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：设问引出话题，总起下文，介绍下文会给出相关建议 主体段：分步骤依次讲解成为发明家的核心步骤：发现问题、制定计划、实施计划并克服困难、永不放弃并坚持努力 结尾段：总结道理，升华主题，点明心怀梦想、努力就能成为发明家 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：从发现问题开始 find a problem/look around/make improvements/get new ideas/spot daily problems/observe daily life/make useful changes/come up with creative thoughts等 要点二：制定一个好的计划 have a good plan/draw ideas on paper/make a task list/make a detailed plan/write down all thoughts/list daily tasks clearly等 要点三：实施计划并克服困难 carry out your plan/don’t be afraid/put the plan into practice/face troubles/stay brave in hard times等 要点四：永不放弃并坚持努力 never give up/keep on trying/stick to your dream/keep making attempts/troubles lead you to success等 （一） Great Inventions Change Our Life 写作要求 1. 介绍一项对你影响最大的发明； 2. 说明发明者、发明时间、制作材质； 3. 写出它的用途和带来的改变； 4. 词数80–100词，正确使用被动语态、be made of/from句型。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Great Inventions Change Our Life Among all great inventions, the smartphone is the one that has influenced me most. It was not invented by a single person, but the first modern smartphone was completed in the early 21st century. It is mainly made of metal, glass and special resin materials. We use it for calling, studying and taking photos. It has changed my life a lot. Now I can easily look up learning materials and keep in touch with friends far away. It really makes our life much more convenient. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时和一般过去时为主 明确要点：介绍影响最大的发明、说明发明者/发明时间/制作材质、写出用途与带来的改变，正确使用被动语态、be made of/from句型 确定人称：第一人称（I/we/my） 注意事项：词数控制在80–100词，不得透露真实个人信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，点明对自己影响最大的发明 主体段：介绍发明的相关背景信息，说明材质与核心用途 结尾段：总结发明带来的改变，点明主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：介绍影响最大的发明 发明选择：the smartphone/the Internet/the electric lamp/the wheel等 开篇表达：Among all great inventions, the smartphone is the one that has influenced me most/Inventions have greatly changed our lives, and the smartphone is the most important one to me等 要点二：发明者、发明时间、制作材质 背景描述：It was not invented by a single person, but the first modern smartphone was completed in the early 21st century/The smartphone was not created by one person alone, but the first modern smartphone was developed in the early 21st century./No single person invented the smartphone, but the first modern smartphone was finished in the early 21st century.等 材质描述：It is mainly made of metal, glass and special resin materials/It is made of steel and glass/It is made from special natural materials等 要点三：用途和带来的改变 用途表达：We use it for calling, studying and taking photos/We can shop online, learn new skills and communicate with others等 改变说明：It has changed my life a lot. Now I can easily look up learning materials and keep in touch with friends far away. It really makes our life much more convenient/It helps me get information faster and makes my daily life much easier等 （二） 从古至今，社会进步离不开发明创造，不同的发明给我们的生活带来了不同的影响。请以“My Favorite Invention”为题用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈你最喜欢的发明。 写作要求： 1）90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。 My Favorite Invention I am very happy to be here to make a speech today. The topic of my speech is “My Favorite Invention”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： My Favorite Invention I am very happy to be here to make a speech today. The topic of my speech is “My Favorite Invention”. Among all the great inventions, my favorite is the Internet. I like it because it makes our life much more convenient and colorful. The Internet has greatly influenced our life. It helps us learn new things and broadens our horizons. We can read news from around the world, take online courses, and share our ideas with others. However, we should also use it properly and avoid spending too much time on it. In short, the Internet is a wonderful invention that makes our world more connected. Thank you! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：最喜欢的发明、喜欢它的原因、该发明如何影响我们的生活 确定人称：第一人称（I/my/we）和第三人称（it） 注意事项：90词左右；文中不得出现真实的人名和校名 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山，介绍自己的演讲主题，引出自己最喜欢的发明 主体段：具体阐述喜欢该发明的原因以及该发明如何影响我们的生活 结尾段：总结全文，表达感谢 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：最喜欢的发明 发明名称：the Internet/the smartphone/the light bulb/the high-speed train等 要点二：喜欢该发明的原因 原因：makes our life much more convenient and colorful/allows us to find information quickly/makes us communicate with our friends even when they are far away等 要点三：该发明如何影响我们的生活 学习方面：helps us learn new things and broadens our horizons/helps us get all kinds of information online/helps us learn new skills等 生活方面：read news from around the world/take online courses/do shopping without leaving home/shop online等 （三） 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter在网上看到了景德镇陶瓷机器人表演茶艺的视频，给你发来电子邮件表示对这个机器人很感兴趣。请你根据下面搜集到的信息，给他回一封电子邮件，介绍该机器人。 要求： 1. 应包含图表提示中的所有要点，可适当进行拓展。 2. 书写工整、规范，文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 3. 不少于80词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Name Jingdezhen Tea Art Robot Stage Name Ciyun Invention Time May, 2024 Factory Location (出厂地) Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province Appearance About 1.6 meters tall and weighs about 50 kilograms Skills Making tea, serving tea, explaining tea culture, interacting with tourists... Evaluation (评价) Help more people understand Chinese porcelain and tea culture... Dear Peter, Glad to hear that you’re interested in the robot in the Jingdezhen tea art video! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope my e-mail helps you know the robot better. If you have any other questions, just let me know. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】例文 Dear Peter, Glad to hear that you’re interested in the robot in the Jingdezhen tea art video! Let me tell you more about it. Its official name is Jingdezhen Tea Art Robot, and its stage name is Ciyun. It was invented in May 2024 and made in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province. Ciyun looks like an ancient tea artist, standing about 1.6 meters tall and weighing around 50 kilograms. It has many amazing skills. It can make tea carefully, serve tea politely, explain tea culture to visitors, and even interact with people. People all love Ciyun because it helps more people learn about Chinese porcelain and tea culture. I think it’s a wonderful combination of technology and traditional culture. I hope my e-mail helps you know the robot better. If you have any other questions, just let me know. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：电子邮件，时态以一般现在时为主，穿插一般过去时 明确要点：介绍瓷韵机器人正式名称、产地诞生时间；外形特征；具备的各项能力；人们对它的评价 确定人称：第三人称it 注意事项：信件格式规范，承接开头与结尾给定语句，行文流畅 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：承接已有句子，引出下文介绍这款机器人 主体第一段：介绍机器人名称、诞生时间、产地、外形信息 主体第二段：介绍机器人拥有的技能，以及大众对它的评价 结尾段：使用题目给出的结束语 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：机器人基础信息与外形 基本信息：Jingdezhen Tea Art Robot/Ciyun/made in Jingdezhen/other robots等 细节描述：invented in May 2024/1.6 meters tall/weigh around 50 kilograms/look like an ancient tea artist/really smart等 要点二：机器人拥有的技能 能力选择：make tea/serve tea/explain tea culture/interact with visitors/play games/carefully/politely/share knowledge about porcelain with guests等 要点三：大众评价与意义 评价：help more people understand Chinese porcelain and tea culture等 意义：a wonderful combination of technology and traditional culture/spread our traditional arts widely等 （四） 请以“My Favorite Thinker”为题，根据以下提示介绍你最敬佩的思想家。 1. 基本信息：姓名、国籍、所处时代； 2. 主要思想或贡献； 3. 他/她对你的影响； 4. 你的感受。 提示词：thinker, influence, contribution, admire 注意: 1. 表达中必须包含所给要点并进行适当发挥； 2. 词数：100词左右； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名等信息。 My Favorite Thinker ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 My Favorite Thinker My favorite thinker is Confucius, a great Chinese thinker who lived over 2,000 years ago. He had many brilliant ideas about education and how people should treat each other. He believed that everyone should learn continuously and treat others with kindness and respect. Confucius's ideas have influenced Chinese culture for thousands of years. They also teach me to be polite to others and never stop learning. I admire him because his thoughts are still meaningful today. I think we should learn from great thinkers like Confucius. Their brilliant ideas can help us become better people and make the world a more harmonious place. 【详解】［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：人物介绍类说明文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：① 基本信息：姓名、国籍、所处时代 ② 主要思想与历史贡献 ③ 对“我”个人产生的影响 ④ 个人感悟与评价 确定人称：第一人称(I/my) 注意事项： 禁止出现真实校名、地名、个人信息，词数控制在100词左右，可使用提示词：thinker, influence, contribution, admire ［第二步：构思布局］ 三段式结构： 开头段：直接点明敬佩的思想家及其基本身份（姓名、国籍、时代） 主体段： 介绍主要思想/贡献（具体内容）和对自己的影响（与思想内容呼应） 结尾段：表达敬佩之情 + 思想对当代的意义 / 对自身的启发 ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：介绍思想家基本信息 例文原句： My favorite thinker is Confucius, a great Chinese thinker who lived over 2,000 years ago. 拓展句型：The thinker I admire most is Confucius. He was a famous ancient Chinese thinker living more than two thousand years ago. 要点二：阐述核心思想、历史贡献 例文原句： He had many brilliant ideas about education and how people should treat each other. He believed that everyone should learn continuously and treat others with kindness and respect. Confucius’s ideas have influenced Chinese culture for thousands of years. 拓展表达：His greatest contribution lies in his educational philosophies and moral standards. He put forward valuable rules for interpersonal communication. His thoughts have a deep influence on Chinese traditional civilization.   要点三：自身的影响 例文原句：They also teach me to be polite to others and never stop learning. 拓展表达：These valuable thoughts greatly influence my daily behavior. They remind me to respect classmates and keep lifelong learning. 第三段：抒发个人感受与总结 例文原句：I admire him because his thoughts are still meaningful today. I think we should learn from great thinkers like Confucius. Their brilliant ideas can help us become better people and make the world a more harmonious place. 拓展句型：I deeply admire this wise thinker. His wisdom is still precious in modern society. We can draw strength from his ideas to shape better ourselves.   （五） 我们的生活中处处充满发明。请你根据以下表格内容，以“A Useful Invention”为题，用英语写一篇短文介绍手机，并分享我们该如何合理地使用手机。 Invention mobile phone Inventor American, Martin Cooper Time 1973 Usage communicate with others easily; study online; relax by listening to music; … Your opinions about how to use them properly should not use them on school days … 要求：1. 短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息，可适当发挥； 2. 语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） A Useful Invention The mobile phone is one of the most useful inventions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： A Useful Invention The mobile phone is one of the most useful inventions. It was invented by Martin Cooper, an American, in 1973. Mobile phones are widely used in our daily life. They help us communicate with others easily. We can also use them to study online and relax by listening to music. Besides, they are useful for taking photos and checking maps. As teenagers, we should use mobile phones properly. First, we should not use them on school days. Second, we need to control the time spent on phones and use them mainly for learning. In this way, mobile phones can truly become one of the most helpful inventions. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，主要介绍一项发明并给出建议。时态以一般现在时为主，介绍发明历史时使用一般过去时。 明确要点：1. 手机的基本信息（发明者、时间）；2. 手机的用途（沟通、学习、放松等）；3. 合理使用手机的建议。 确定人称：第一人称（I/we）和第三人称（It/They）结合使用。 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，词数不少于70词。 [第二步：构思布局] 开篇：承接给出的开头，引出手机这项发明。 主体：介绍手机的发明者及时间；列举手机在日常生活中的多种用途。 结尾：针对青少年提出合理使用手机的建议，并进行总结升华。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：手机的基本信息 被某人发明：was invented by Martin Cooper/was created by Martin Cooper等 时间表达：in 1973/back in 1973等 要点二：手机的用途 沟通：communicate with others easily/keep in touch with friends/talk to people far away等 在线学习：study online/take online classes/learn new knowledge on the Internet等 放松：relax by listening to music/enjoy music to relax/listen to songs to have fun等 其他用途：take photos/check maps/watch videos等 要点三：合理使用手机的建议 不在上学日使用：should not use them on school days/shouldn't bring them to school/leave them at home on weekdays等 控制时间：control the time spent on phones/limit screen time/not spend too much time on phones等 用于学习：use them mainly for learning/make good use of them to study/use them as learning tools等 （六） 假定你是李华，你校将举办“Useful Inventions for School”创意展示。请根据提示，用英语介绍你设计的一项校园小发明。词数80左右。 方面 提示 Problem What school problem does it solve? Design What is it made of? How does it work? Test & improvement What happened in the test? What will be improved? 注意事项：1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥；2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；3. 请勿在文中使用真实姓名、校名和地名。 My School Invention I have designed a useful invention called __________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： My School Invention I have designed a useful invention called the Quiet Chair Helper. It solves the problem of noisy chairs in our classroom. A small piece made of recycled rubber is fixed under each chair leg. When a chair is moved, the rubber reduces the sound and protects the floor. I tested the first model for a week. It worked well, but one piece came off, so stronger glue will be used in the next model. The invention is simple, inexpensive and easy to repair. I hope it can make our classroom quieter. 【详解】写作步骤 ［第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时、一般将来时为主。 明确要点：学校现存需要解决的问题；使用什么设备/系统，如何运作；测试中所发生的事情、如何被改进 确定人称：第一人称 注意事项：词数80左右；行文连贯；禁止出现真实校名、人名。 ［第二步：构思布局］ 开头部分： 开门见山，提出发明产品 主体部分： 第一层说明解决的问题 + 介绍技术设备与工作原理，第二层阐述测试中所发生的事情、如何被改进 结尾部分：总结这项技术带来的好处 ［第三步：要点展开］ 要点一：Problem（校园问题） 例文内容：the problem of noisy chairs in our classroom. 拓展可选问题方向：Waste of electricity in classrooms/Difficulty finding books in the school library/Long waiting time for school meals /Poor management of sports equipment borrowing等 要点二：发明产品 名称：the Quiet Chair Helper 发明拓展：a special desk-side bookshelf./the “Bag Side Holder”等 要点三：设计与运作方式 例文内容：A small piece made of recycled rubber is fixed under each chair leg. When a chair is moved, the rubber reduces the sound and protects the floor. 拓展：Small sensors which detect light and movement can be placed near the doors. If a room is empty but the lights are still on, a message will be sent to the class energy monitor. A weekly report will show each class when electricity was wasted.等 要点四：测试及改进方法 问题呈现：one piece came off 改进方法：stronger glue will be used in the next model. 拓展：add some lovely cartoon patterns to make it look nicer later.等 （七） 假如你是李华，你们学校即将举行一个主题为“My Favourite Invention”的演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示内容，用英文写一篇演讲稿；介绍你最喜欢的发明。 Inventor: Willis Carrier, an American engineer Time: in 1902 Purpose: to solve the problem of air quality in the buildings of a company in New York The reasons why you love it: adjust (调节) the temperature as you like 要求： 1．可在以上提示内容的基础上适当拓展信息； 2．语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3．短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4．词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） Dear students, It’s my great honor to stand here to give you a speech. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Dear students, It’s my great honor to stand here to give you a speech. Today I want to tell you my favourite invention. My favourite invention is the air conditioner. It was first invented by an American engineer named Willis Carrier in 1902. At that time, a company in New York had problems with the air quality in its buildings. So Willis Carrier decided to make an invention to solve the problem. Since then, the air conditioner has been popular around the world. Whether you feel hot or cold, you can adjust the temperature as you like. That’s all for my speech. 【详解】写作步骤 第一步：[审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，一般现在时为主，穿插一般过去时、现在完成时 明确要点：发明者、发明初衷；空调的作用与优势。 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：可在以上提示内容的基础上适当拓展信息；语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范；短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：演讲问候，引出主题——介绍自己最喜欢的发明。 主体段：介绍发明物品、发明者、发明背景；讲述空调的用途与好处。 结尾段：标准演讲结束语 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：介绍空调 发明者：an American engineer named Willis Carrier/Willis Carrier, an American engineer who is widely known as “the father of air conditioning”等 发明初衷：a company in New York had problems with the air quality in its buildings/The temperature and humidity inside the building influenced printing work等 要点二：空调的作用和优势 用处：Whether you feel hot or cold, you can adjust the temperature as you like/It keeps us cool in hot summer and warm in cold winter, making our living environment much more comfortable/It also helps many industries, such as food storage, medicine and factories, control temperature等 （八） 在科技飞速发展的今天，新发明层出不穷。智能手机（the smartphone）、计算机（the computer）、互联网（the Internet）、人工智能（AI）这些发明，正深刻改变着我们的学习、社交和日常生活。 请你以______ Has Changed My Life a Lot为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈这项发明对你生活的影响。 内容提示 1. What invention has changed your life a lot? 2. What do you think of the invention? 3. How does it change your life? 注意事项 1.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等个人信息； 2.标题空格处需补全你要写的发明名称； 3.词数80词左右（给出的开头不计入总词数）。 ________ Has Changed My Life a Lot The invention that has changed my life a lot is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文① The Internet Has Changed My Life a Lot The invention that has changed my life a lot is the Internet. In the past, I used to buy books in stores and wait for a long time to hear from my pen friends. Now, the Internet makes my life much easier and more colorful. I think it is one of the greatest inventions ever. With it, I can watch movies, play games, read e-books online and chat with friends anytime. It really changes my life for the better and I like the Internet very much. 例文② AI Has Changed My Life a Lot The invention that has changed my life a lot is AI. In the past, I spent hours looking for information in the library or asking teachers for problems. But now, AI has changed my way of learning and living. I think it is not just a cool invention but a powerful helper. With AI, I can use smart learning apps to improve my weak subjects. I can chat with AI robots to practice oral English. Besides, AI can check my study methods and offer good advice on time management. It’s amazing how AI has improved my life! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论文，时态混合一般过去时、现在完成时、一般现在时 明确要点：点明改变生活的发明；表达对该发明的看法；对比过去与现在，说明发明如何改变自身学习生活 确定人称：第一人称 (I/my) 注意事项：标题补全发明名称，词数80左右，开头不计入总词数；不得透露真实姓名、校名等个人信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：开门见山，点明改变自己生活的发明是AI 主体段：今昔对比，讲述过去学习的麻烦，表达对AI的整体评价 结尾段：分层列举AI在学习上的各类用途，收尾抒发赞叹，升华发明带来的便利 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：点明核心发明 发明选择：AI 要点二：对发明的看法 评价词汇：a cool invention/a powerful helper/useful/amazing/magical等 衔接短语：not just...but.../more importantly/besides/what’s more/in addition等 要点三：发明如何改变生活 过去状态：spent hours looking for information/asked teachers for problems/took much time to solve difficult problems等 当下用途：improve weak subjects/practice oral English/check study methods/offer advice on time management/help me study effectively/finish lots of work quickly and save my time等 作用效果：changed my way of learning and living/makes study easier/improved my life/made my daily life much more convenient等 $Unit 2 Brilliant Thoughts单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，归属于课标主题群历史、社会与文化、科学与技术，核心子主题包含：中外重大发明创造、杰出发明家与科学先驱、科技发展对人类社会的推动、创新思维与实践精神、中华古代科技文明传承。本单元以“奇思创造改变世界”为核心载体，将古今科技成果、中外发明家事迹、传统文化自信、创新品格培育、跨文化科技对比融为一体。单元围绕核心问题 “What is invention in your eyes” 展开，先通过物品材质、用途对话搭建基础语言框架，再依托中国四大发明、电灯、电话、汽车等中外经典发明语篇，梳理发明诞生的背景、过程与历史价值。单元兼顾中华优秀科技文化传播（造纸、活字印刷、指南针、火药）与世界科技发展史实，让学生在了解科技发展脉络的同时，树立崇尚创造、勇于实践、传承中华科技智慧的价值观念。 词汇积累 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、物品与材料类（写作描述发明材质必备） 1.raincoat n. 雨衣 2.wooden adj. 木制的 3.wood n. 木头，木材 4.lock n. 锁 /v. 锁上 5.metal n. 金属 6.plastic adj. 塑料的 /n. 塑料 7.glass n. 玻璃 8.bamboo n. 竹子 9.paper n. 纸 10.woolen adj. 羊毛制的 11.material n. 材料，原料 12.umbrella n. 雨伞 13.lover n. 爱好者 二、发明、人物与科技核心词 1.invent v. 发明（创造新事物） 2.invention n. 发明，发明物 3.inventor n. 发明家 4.discover v. 发现（原本存在的事物） 5.discovery n. 发现 6.create v. 创造 7.creative adj. 有创造力的 8.creativity n. 创造力 9.bulb n. 电灯泡 10.gunpowder n. 火药 11.compass n. 指南针 12.paper-making n. 造纸术 13.printing n. 印刷 14.movable adj. 可移动的 15.movable type printing n. 活字印刷术 16.philosopher n. 哲学家 17.position n. 地位，位置 18.sail v. 航行 19.sailor n. 水手 20.magnetic adj. 有磁性的 21.needle n. 针 22.disk n. 圆盘 23.war n. 战争 24.drug n. 药物 25.experiment n. 实验 26.process n. 过程 27.tool n. 工具 28.machine n. 机器 29.technology n. 科技，技术 30.breakthrough n. 突破 31.design v.&n. 设计 32.patent n. 专利 33.program n. 项目，方案 34.engineer n. 工程师 35.research n.&v. 研究 36.scientist n. 科学家 三、-en 后缀变形词汇（语法写作高频词，形容词变动词 / 名词变形容词） 1.名词 + en→形容词（表材质） wooden adj. 木制的（wood n. 木头） woolen adj. 羊毛的（wool n. 羊毛） 形容词 + en→动词（使…… 变得，写作万能动词） short v. shorten 缩短 wide v. widen 拓宽 dark v. darken （使）变暗 bright v. brighten 照亮；使明亮 broad v. broaden 拓宽（眼界） sharp v. sharpen 削尖；使锋利 rich v. enrich 丰富 large v. enlarge 扩大 en - 前缀动词 encourage v. 鼓励 endanger v. 危及，使处于危险 4、 写作描述品质、观点类形容词 / 副词 1.ancient adj. 古代的 2.modern adj. 现代的 3.useful adj. 有用的 4.useless adj. 无用的 5.important adj. 重要的 6.great adj. 伟大的 7.amazing adj. 令人惊叹的 8.convenient adj. 方便的 9.creative adj. 富有创造力的 10.valuable adj. 有价值的 11.famous adj. 著名的 12.certainly adv. 无疑，当然 13.mainly adv. 主要地 14.rapid adj. 快速的 15.widely adv. 广泛地 16.global adj. 全球的 17.whole adj. 全部的，完整的 五、单元写作拓展动词（动作描写） 1.spread v. 传播，扩散 2.solve v. 解决 3.meet v. 满足 4.produce v. 生产，制造 5.appear v. 出现 6.pass v. 传递，流传 7.carry v. 携带，承载 8.improve v. 改良，改善 9.develop v. 发展，研发 10.guide v. 指引，指导 11.observe v. 观测，观察 12.complete v. 完成 13.realize v. 意识到；实现 六、写作必备名词（抽象概念，升华作文） 1.progress n. 进步 2.need n. 需求 3.knowledge n. 知识 4.culture n. 文化 5.history n. 历史 6.influence n. 影响 7.development n. 发展 8.communication n. 交流，通讯 9.achievement n. 成就 10.advantage n. 优点，好处 11.disadvantage n. 缺点，弊端 12.world n. 世界 13.society n. 社会 短语： 1、 材质与物品描述类 be made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料） be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 送给某人某物 protect sb. from getting wet 保护某人不被淋湿 lock the door 锁门 all kinds of /many kinds of 各种各样的 plastic raincoat 塑料雨衣 wooden guitar 木制吉他 bamboo chopsticks 竹筷 glass skywalk 玻璃栈道 metal lock 金属锁 二、古今发明 & 科技核心写作短语（单元主题核心，写四大发明、现代发明、发明家专用） life-changing inventions 改变生活的发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明 paper-making 造纸术 movable type printing 活字印刷术 gunpowder 火药 compass n. 指南针 hold a leading position in… 在…… 处于领先地位 day and night 日日夜夜 meet the need (s) 满足需求 bring about 引发；催生 solve the problem of… 解决…… 的问题 depend on 依靠；取决于 pass on 传递；流传 spread knowledge 传播知识 spread around the world 传遍世界 search for information 查阅资料；搜索信息 put into use 投入使用 work day and night 日夜钻研 carry out experiments 做实验 overcome difficulties 克服难题 dream big 心怀远大梦想 三、人物品质 & 创新类（评价发明家、表达创新观点，作文升华专用） start with a need or problem 从需求 / 难题出发 draw out one’s ideas 写下 / 勾勒自己的想法 come across new ideas 偶然想到新思路 try something else 尝试其他办法 ask sb. for help 向某人求助 never give up 永不放弃 put in the effort 付出努力 be creative in daily life 在日常生活中富有创造力 learn from great inventors 向伟大发明家学习 make one’s dream invention 设计自己理想的发明 share one’s dream invention 分享自己理想的发明 make a poster of inventions 制作发明海报 make a booklet of scientific achievements 制作科技成就小册子 四、被动语态高频写作短语 be invented by… 由…… 发明 be created by… 由…… 创造 be widely used 被广泛使用 be known as… 被誉为；被称作 be famous for… 因…… 闻名 be developed in… 在…… 被研发 be put into use 被投入使用 be made into new products 被制成新产品 五、拓展观点 & 结尾升华短语（议论文 / 说明文收尾加分短语） in one’s eyes 在某人看来 as a matter of fact 事实上 as we all know 众所周知 make great progress 取得巨大进步 speed up the development of human society 加速人类社会发展 change the whole world 改变整个世界 bring great convenience to people 给人们带来极大便利 improve people’s lives 改善人们的生活 have a great influence on… 对…… 产生重大影响 benefit human beings 造福人类 六、对话场景实用短语（记叙文叙事可用） look for information about inventions 查找发明相关资料 talk about the three most important inventions 讨论最重要的三项发明 record history and nature 记录历史与自然 collect stamps 集邮 change the way of communication 改变交流方式 do research on… 研究…… test new machines 测试新机器 work as a scientist 担任科学家 七、写作万能动词短语（-en 后缀变形配套搭配） broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界 enrich people’s lives 丰富人们的生活 enlarge the picture 放大图片 sharpen pencils 削铅笔 darken the sky 天色变暗 shorten the time 缩短时间 widen roads 拓宽道路 句式积累 开头句：（引入发明、发明家、创新话题，适用介绍类作文） 1. 引入单元主题（总起全文） What is invention in your eyes? Different people have different ideas.在你眼中什么是发明？不同人有不同看法。 Inventions have changed people’s lives greatly since ancient times.自古以来，发明极大地改变了人们的生活。 There are lots of amazing inventions in the world, and ancient Chinese inventions impress me most. 世界上有许多了不起的发明，中国古代发明最让我震撼。 Need is the mother of invention, as the old saying goes.常言道，需求是发明之母。 2. 介绍物品 / 发明基础开篇（介绍某一项发明） The light bulb is one of the most important inventions in history.灯泡是历史上最重要的发明之一。 This wooden guitar was given to me as my birthday gift last year.这把木吉他是去年别人送给我的生日礼物。 It is made of metal and it’s used for locking the door.它由金属制成，用来锁门。 3. 引出人物（写发明家作文开头） Thomas Edison is a great inventor who invented the light bulb in 1879. 托马斯・爱迪生是伟大的发明家，他在 1879 年发明了灯泡。 Bi Sheng made movable type printing hundreds of years ago. 数百年前毕昇发明了活字印刷术。 中间句:（分述发明材质、用途、历史、意义；分论点、细节描写） （一）描述物品材质 & 用途（说明文细节句） It is made of plastic and metal, and it is used for work and play.它由塑料和金属制成，用来工作和娱乐。 This glass skywalk is very high, so few people dare to walk on it.这座玻璃栈道很高，很少有人敢走上去。 Bamboo chopsticks are an important part of Chinese dining culture.竹筷是中国饮食文化的重要一部分。 （二）讲解发明诞生 & 历史（写四大发明 / 现代发明核心句） Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips and expensive silk. 纸发明之前，人们在沉重竹简和昂贵丝绸上书写。 Cai Lun improved paper-making technology by using cheap materials.蔡伦利用廉价材料改良了造纸术。 In the Northern Song Dynasty, people invented the compass to find directions at sea. 北宋时期，人们发明指南针用于海上辨别方向。 At first, gunpowder was only used in fireworks, later it was used in wars. 起初火药只用于烟花，后来被运用到战争中。 Movable type printing made it much easier to spread knowledge around the world. 活字印刷让知识更容易在全世界传播。 （三）被动语态核心句（单元重点语法，写作必用） The first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 第一部电话由亚历山大・格拉汉姆・贝尔于 1876 年发明。 Post-it notes were invented in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver.便利贴是斯宾塞・西尔弗博士 1968 年发明的。 Many useful things are produced by machines now.如今许多实用物品都由机器生产。 The old pencils were sharpened by hand in the past.过去的铅笔都是手工削尖的。 （四）-en 后缀句式（单元语法拓展句） Television can enrich people’s lives and broaden their minds.电视能够丰富人们的生活，开阔人们的眼界。 We can shorten the working time with this new machine.我们可以用这台新机器缩短工作时长。 Magnifiers can enlarge small words for old people to read.放大镜可以放大小字，方便老人阅读。 （五）创新、成为发明家（梦想发明类作文中间句） If you want to be an inventor, you should start with a problem in daily life. 如果你想成为发明家，应当从日常生活的难题入手。 You’d better search online for more useful information about your idea. 你最好上网查找更多和你的创意相关的有用资料。 Don’t give up even if you meet lots of difficulties during your tests. 即便实验中遇到很多困难，也不要放弃。 We can draw out our ideas on paper before making new inventions. 制作新发明前，我们可以把想法画在纸上。 （六）对比 / 递进论述句（议论文加分句） In the past, people communicated by letters, but now cellphones help us talk easily. 过去人们靠书信沟通，现在手机让交流变得便捷。 These inventions not only bring us convenience, but also speed up social progress. 这些发明不仅带给我们便利，还加速社会进步。 结尾句:（总结发明价值、抒发感悟、发出号召、畅想未来） 1. 总结发明历史与价值（四大发明说明文收尾） The four great inventions of ancient China are great gifts to the whole world. 中国古代四大发明是送给全世界的珍贵礼物。 All these great inventions together speeded up the development of human society. 所有伟大发明共同推动了人类社会的发展。 Without these inventions, the world wouldn’t develop so fast. 如果没有这些发明，世界不会发展得如此迅速。 2. 抒发个人感悟（常规作文升华） I really admire those inventors who never stop trying new things.我十分敬佩那些不断尝试新事物的发明家。 Every small creative idea may become a great invention one day. 每一个小小的创意，终有一天可能会成为伟大的发明。 These life-changing inventions truly make our world better and better. 这些改变生活的发明实实在在让我们的世界变得越来越好。 3. 畅想未来、立志创新（梦想发明 / 演讲稿结尾） If I dream big and keep putting in efforts, I can create my own invention one day. 如果我心怀远大梦想，并持续付出努力，终有一天我能创造属于自己的发明。 I hope I can design a dream invention to help people solve daily problems. 我希望能设计一款理想发明，帮助人们解决日常难题。 We should keep thinking and being creative in our daily life.我们在日常生活中应当持续思考，保持创新。 4. 通用议论文总结句 As we can see, inventions play an important role in our whole life. 由此可见，发明在我们整个人生中扮演重要角色。 It’s necessary for us to learn from inventors and keep creating new things. 我们有必要向发明家学习，不断创造新事物。 佳句仿写 单元写作核心主题 Introduce inventions 介绍古今发明 My dream invention 我理想的发明 How to become an inventor 如何成为一名发明家 板块 1：物品材质 & 用途基础句型 教材原句：It is made of metal and it is used for locking the door. 仿写：它由竹子制成，是用来吃饭的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：This wooden guitar was given to me as my birthday gift last year. 仿写：这座玻璃栈道是景区最有名的景点之一。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 2：被动语态核心句型（单元重点语法，介绍发明诞生） 教材原句：The first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 仿写：活字印刷术是毕昇在古代中国发明的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：Post-it notes were invented in 1968 by Dr. Spencer Silver. 仿写：电灯泡是爱迪生 1879 年发明的。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 3：古今历史对比句型（四大发明叙事专用） 教材原句：Before paper was invented, people wrote on heavy bamboo slips and expensive silk. 仿写：在指南针发明前，水手依靠星星辨别方向。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：At first, gunpowder was only used in fireworks. Later people used it in wars. 仿写：起初人们只用印刷术印书籍，后来它传遍了全世界。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 4：-en 后缀动词加分句型（写作提升句） 教材原句：Television can enrich people’s lives and broaden their minds. 仿写：读书可以丰富我们的知识，开阔我们的眼界。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：We can shorten the working time with this new machine. 仿写：放大镜可以放大小字，方便老人阅读。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 5：步骤说明句型（主题：如何成为发明家） 教材原句：First of all, you can start with finding a problem. Next, draw out your ideas on paper. 仿写：首先我们要发现生活中的难题，然后把创意画下来。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：Don’t give up even if you fail many times. Keep on trying! 仿写：就算实验一次次失败也不要放弃，坚持下去就会成功。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 6：开篇观点主旨句型（作文开头总起） 教材原句：Need is the mother of invention. A problem pushes people to create new things. ________________________________________________________________________________ 仿写：好奇心是发明之母，好奇心驱使人们不断探索。 教材原句：There are lots of amazing inventions changing our daily life. 仿写：许多中国古代发明推动了人类社会的进步。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 板块 7：结尾升华励志句型（作文收尾） 教材原句：If you dream big and put in effort, you can also become an inventor. 仿写：只要坚持思考、永不放弃，我们也能创造出有用的发明。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 教材原句：The four great inventions are great gifts from China to the whole world. 仿写：这些伟大发明极大地改善了全世界人们的生活。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 典例 根据以下提示，写一篇关于如何成为发明家的短文 写作要求： 请你以“How to Become an Inventor”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍如何成为一名发明家。内容包括： 1. 从发现问题开始； 2. 制定一个好的计划； 3. 实施计划并克服困难； 4. 永不放弃并坚持努力。 注意：不少于70词；可适当运用本单元所学词汇与表达。 How to Become an Inventor ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： How to Become an Inventor Do you want to be an inventor? Here are some suggestions for you. First, you can start with finding a problem. Look around you and see if you can make any improvements. An idea may come to you. Next, you should have a good plan. Draw out your ideas on paper and make a list of things to do. After that, carry out your plan. If you meet difficulties, don’t be afraid. Never give up and keep on trying. Remember, difficulties are just stepping stones toward success. If you dream big and work hard, you can also become a great inventor. 写作步骤： [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：介绍类说明文，全文以一般现在时为主 明确要点：成为发明家的四条方法：从发现问题开始、制定好计划、实施计划并克服困难、永不放弃并坚持努力 确定人称：第二人称 (you/your) 注意事项：需包含所有写作要点，词数不少于70，可灵活使用单元重点词汇与表达 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：设问引出话题，总起下文，介绍下文会给出相关建议 主体段：分步骤依次讲解成为发明家的核心步骤：发现问题、制定计划、实施计划并克服困难、永不放弃并坚持努力 结尾段：总结道理，升华主题，点明心怀梦想、努力就能成为发明家 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：从发现问题开始 find a problem/look around/make improvements/get new ideas/spot daily problems/observe daily life/make useful changes/come up with creative thoughts等 要点二：制定一个好的计划 have a good plan/draw ideas on paper/make a task list/make a detailed plan/write down all thoughts/list daily tasks clearly等 要点三：实施计划并克服困难 carry out your plan/don’t be afraid/put the plan into practice/face troubles/stay brave in hard times等 要点四：永不放弃并坚持努力 never give up/keep on trying/stick to your dream/keep making attempts/troubles lead you to success等 （一） Great Inventions Change Our Life 写作要求 1. 介绍一项对你影响最大的发明； 2. 说明发明者、发明时间、制作材质； 3. 写出它的用途和带来的改变； 4. 词数80–100词，正确使用被动语态、be made of/from句型。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 从古至今，社会进步离不开发明创造，不同的发明给我们的生活带来了不同的影响。请以“My Favorite Invention”为题用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈你最喜欢的发明。 写作要求： 1）90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。 My Favorite Invention I am very happy to be here to make a speech today. The topic of my speech is “My Favorite Invention”. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter在网上看到了景德镇陶瓷机器人表演茶艺的视频，给你发来电子邮件表示对这个机器人很感兴趣。请你根据下面搜集到的信息，给他回一封电子邮件，介绍该机器人。 要求： 1. 应包含图表提示中的所有要点，可适当进行拓展。 2. 书写工整、规范，文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 3. 不少于80词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Name Jingdezhen Tea Art Robot Stage Name Ciyun Invention Time May, 2024 Factory Location (出厂地) Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province Appearance About 1.6 meters tall and weighs about 50 kilograms Skills Making tea, serving tea, explaining tea culture, interacting with tourists... Evaluation (评价) Help more people understand Chinese porcelain and tea culture... Dear Peter, Glad to hear that you’re interested in the robot in the Jingdezhen tea art video! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope my e-mail helps you know the robot better. If you have any other questions, just let me know. Yours sincerely, Li Hua （四） 请以“My Favorite Thinker”为题，根据以下提示介绍你最敬佩的思想家。 1. 基本信息：姓名、国籍、所处时代； 2. 主要思想或贡献； 3. 他/她对你的影响； 4. 你的感受。 提示词：thinker, influence, contribution, admire 注意: 1. 表达中必须包含所给要点并进行适当发挥； 2. 词数：100词左右； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名等信息。 My Favorite Thinker ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （五） 我们的生活中处处充满发明。请你根据以下表格内容，以“A Useful Invention”为题，用英语写一篇短文介绍手机，并分享我们该如何合理地使用手机。 Invention mobile phone Inventor American, Martin Cooper Time 1973 Usage communicate with others easily; study online; relax by listening to music; … Your opinions about how to use them properly should not use them on school days … 要求：1. 短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息，可适当发挥； 2. 语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4. 词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） A Useful Invention The mobile phone is one of the most useful inventions. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （六） 假定你是李华，你校将举办“Useful Inventions for School”创意展示。请根据提示，用英语介绍你设计的一项校园小发明。词数80左右。 方面 提示 Problem What school problem does it solve? Design What is it made of? How does it work? Test & improvement What happened in the test? What will be improved? 注意事项：1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥；2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；3. 请勿在文中使用真实姓名、校名和地名。 My School Invention I have designed a useful invention called __________. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （七） 假如你是李华，你们学校即将举行一个主题为“My Favourite Invention”的演讲比赛，请你根据以下提示内容，用英文写一篇演讲稿；介绍你最喜欢的发明。 Inventor: Willis Carrier, an American engineer Time: in 1902 Purpose: to solve the problem of air quality in the buildings of a company in New York The reasons why you love it: adjust (调节) the temperature as you like 要求： 1．可在以上提示内容的基础上适当拓展信息； 2．语句正确，意思通顺、连贯，书写规范； 3．短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）； 4．词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。） Dear students, It’s my great honor to stand here to give you a speech. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （八） 在科技飞速发展的今天，新发明层出不穷。智能手机（the smartphone）、计算机（the computer）、互联网（the Internet）、人工智能（AI）这些发明，正深刻改变着我们的学习、社交和日常生活。 请你以______ Has Changed My Life a Lot为题，写一篇英语短文，谈谈这项发明对你生活的影响。 内容提示 1. What invention has changed your life a lot? 2. What do you think of the invention? 3. How does it change your life? 注意事项 1.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等个人信息； 2.标题空格处需补全你要写的发明名称； 3.词数80词左右（给出的开头不计入总词数）。 ________ Has Changed My Life a Lot The invention that has changed my life a lot is ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $