培优提能练（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义聚焦英语语言技能综合提升，系统涵盖阅读理解（细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等）、七选五（篇章逻辑衔接）、完形填空（语境词汇运用）及语法填空（语法规则与语篇应用），构建从基础理解到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 资料以贴近学生生活的语篇（如青少年阅读、习惯养成）激发兴趣，通过数据引用（如《Kids & Family Reading Report》）培养推理能力，渗透文化意识（如艺术家故事、文化遗产保护），详细解析助力学生课后查漏补缺，提升语言能力与思维品质，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识。

培优提能练 [分值：62.5分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题，每小题2.5分，满分20分) A Today’s teenage generation has been brought up surrounded by one single stereotype(刻板印象): the so-called MTV generation.We’re all constantly glued to our phone and TV screens，the boys are addicted to video games and the girls prefer posting pictures of themselves on the Internet.Both could watch TV series all day and both could do without a book.How accurate is this stereotype? It turns out that most of them could actually do without a book.The Kids & Family Reading Report found that only 24% of 12- to 14-year-olds read five to seven days a week.The percentage goes down to a mere 17% when it comes to 15- to 17-year-olds.And it may come as no surprise that 76% of the former visit social media websites on a daily basis. Reading frequently has many great benefits: it develops your verbal abilities (especially for kids，it will greatly improve their vocabulary)，it improves your focus and concentration，it enhances your imagination，it reduces stress and it’s entertaining! Not only that but research has shown that people who read for pleasure show a greater appetite to engage with stories，texts and learning. The popular TV show Game of Thrones certainly seems to have motivated a lot of teens to buy George R．R.Martin’s best-selling book series.Sales skyrocketed after the show was first put on in 2011，selling 9 million copies in one year，with many teens and young adults believed to have contributed to this statistic.In contrast，the book series had “only” sold 5 million from the first book’s release till 2011. With today’s teenagers apparently constantly glued to their screens，TV series Game of Thrones seems to have inspired a lot of them to take a break and read a book.Maybe teenagers will end up being the ones solving the issue after all. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。普遍的刻板印象认为现代青少年整天粘在手机和电视机前，但实际情况似乎并未如此糟糕。 1．Why does the author mention The Kids & Family Reading Report in paragraph 2? A．To prove a fact about teenagers’ reading. B．To stress the importance of daily reading. C．To introduce some social media websites. D．To encourage teenagers to read more each week. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。第二段首句指出很多青少年确实不读书，接着引用报告中的数字说明了青少年的阅读时间确实很少，印证了青少年很少读书的事实。因此作者提及该报告的目的是证明一个有关青少年阅读的事实。故选A。 2．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．The importance of verbal abilities. B．The ways to read for pleasure. C．The advantages of frequent reading. D．The appetite to engage with learning. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据文章第三段内容，并结合本段主题句“Reading frequently has many great benefits”可知，该段主要是关于经常阅读的好处。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “skyrocketed” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Dropped slightly. B．Increased quickly. C．Changed frequently. D．Remained surprisingly. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The popular TV show Game of Thrones certainly seems to have motivated a lot of teens to buy George R．R.Martin’s best-selling book series.”和下文“selling 9 million copies in one year”可知，电视剧《权力的游戏》似乎激发了很多青少年购买George的《权力的游戏》小说系列。因此此处指销量剧增，推知画线词意为“猛涨”。故选B。 4．What does the author think of the TV series Game of Thrones? A．Positive. B．Defensive. C．Cautious. D．Doubtful. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中“TV series Game of Thrones seems to have inspired a lot of them to take a break and read a book”可知，电视剧《权力的游戏》似乎激发了很多青少年阅读的兴趣。因此作者对该剧持肯定态度。故选A。 B As you’re drafting your New Year’s resolutions，you may think that it takes 21 days of repeating an action for that action to become a habit.So，you set out to go to the gym for 21 days，thinking that by day 22 heading to the gym will feel automatic—maybe even fun. However，that 21-day estimate isn’t true.A habit expert Wendy Wood found that this falsehood came from a self-help book in the 1960s and actually described how long it takes to get used to your new appearance after plastic surgery.It’s important to note that getting used to something is not the same thing as forming a habit，and perhaps the two concepts got confused along the way，giving rise to the term today. To figure out how long it actually takes to form a habit，Phillippa Lally and her team did a series of research. They recruited 96 people and asked each person to choose one new habit and report each day on whether or not they did the behavior and how automatic the behavior felt.Some people chose simple habits like “drinking a bottle of water with lunch.” Others chose more difficult tasks like “running for 15 minutes before dinner.” At the end of 12 weeks，the researchers analyzed the data to determine how long it took each person to go from starting a new behavior to automatically doing it. The study found that it takes more than 2 months before a new behavior becomes automatic—66 days to be exact.And if you want to set your expectations appropriately，the truth is that it will probably take you anywhere from two months to eight months to build a new behavior into your life.Interestingly，the researchers also found that “missing one opportunity to perform the behavior did not affect the habit formation process.” That is to say，it doesn’t matter if you mess up every now and then.Building better habits is not an all-or-nothing process. So，for those who wish to form certain habits，persistence is key.To form a good habit，we need to pay more energy and effort. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了21天能否养成习惯，以及养成新习惯需要的时间因人而异，可能需要两个月到八个月不等。 5．What does “21 days” actually mean according to Wendy Wood? A．The time one drafts a book. B．The time one develops a new habit. C．The time one gets used to something. D．The time one recovers from a surgery. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。由第二段内容(然而，21天的估计是不正确的。习惯专家Wendy Wood发现，这个谎言来自20世纪60年代的一本自助书籍，它实际上描述的是整形手术后需要多长时间才能习惯你的新外貌。需要注意的是，习惯某事和养成习惯是不一样的，也许这两个概念在发展过程中被混淆了，从而产生了今天的术语)可推知，Wendy Wood认为“21天”实际上是一个人习惯某事的时间。故选C。 6．How did the researchers do the research? A．By doing questionnaires. B．By tracking people’s behaviors. C．By making predictions. D．By analyzing data of previous studies. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第四段的“They recruited 96 people and asked each person to choose one new habit and report each day on whether or not they did the behavior and how automatic the behavior felt.(他们招募了96个人，要求每个人选择一种新习惯，并每天报告他们是否执行了这种习惯，以及这种习惯感觉有多自然)”可推知，研究人员通过跟踪人们的行为进行研究。故选B。 7．What can we infer from paragraph 5? A．Habits cannot be noticed easily. B．The amount of time a habit takes varies. C．One should perform a behavior constantly. D．It takes exactly 66 days to form a new habit. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第五段前两句(研究发现，一种新的行为需要2个多月的时间才能自然而然地形成，确切地说是66天。如果你想适当地设定你的期望，真相是，在生活中建立一种新的行为可能需要两到八个月的时间)可推知，养成一个习惯所花费的时间各不相同。故选B。 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．Habit—good or not? B．Better habit，better life? C．21 days to form a habit? D．Hit or miss with habits? 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容(当你在起草新年计划时，你可能会认为需要重复一个动作21天才能成为一种习惯。所以，你打算去健身房21天，以为到第22天去健身房就会自然而然——甚至可能会很有趣)、第二段的“However，that 21-day estimate isn’t true.(然而，21天的估计是不正确的)”以及下文对相关研究的介绍可知，文章主要说明了21天能否养成习惯。由此可知，C项“21天养成一个习惯？”以提问的方式总领全文，是本文的最佳标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) Walking has been considered as one kind of rewarding exercise.For many people，daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits. 1 A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. 2 You’ve probably heard the phrase “exercise your creativity”．Our creative mindset is stirred up by physical movement，which is exactly why walking with your dog，a friend，or alone feeds creative thinking. But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat.Just by going outside，you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone，which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood. 3 Even when you walk down a busy street，you can’t help but get distracted by the sweet smells from a food cart or the child pointing to a building you haven’t even noticed before. Walking outside develops our ability to collect new ideas and take in new sights，sounds，smells，and flavors.Shinrin-yoku，a common form of relaxation in Japan，suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees there can lower your stress levels. 4 Research has shown that getting close to nature around your neighborhood or taking a break from multimedia increases performance on a creative problem-solving task. So instead of setting a fitness goal，why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking outdoors？ 5 For example，you can turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world，to hear conversations and natural sounds，and to notice the way people move and the way the sun reflects in a lake. Walk not just for exercise.Walk for wonder. A．Unfortunately，you often fail to do it. B．Expose yourself more to your surroundings. C．The movement during walking is obviously key. D．Without enough energy，you cannot wonder or create. E．But to receive the benefits，you do not have to live in a forest. F．This habit，however，not only benefits well-being but also contributes to innovation. G．Wandering around a park and observing people relaxing or birds singing is also a choice. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了散步不仅对身心健康有好处，还有助于激发创造力。 1．答案　F 解析　根据上文“For many people，daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits.”和下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting.”可知，散步不仅对身心健康有好处，还有助于激发创造力。F项(然而，这种习惯不仅有益于健康，而且有助于创新。)承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 2．答案　C 解析　根据下文“Our creative mindset is stirred by physical movement，which is exactly why walking with your dog，a friend，or alone feeds creative thinking.”可知，散步时的身体运动激发创造性思维。C项(散步时的运动显然是关键。)引起下文，符合语境。故选C。 3．答案　G 解析　根据上文“You can walk through a tree-filled neighborhood.”和下文“Even when you walk down a busy street...”可知，空处和上下文一起提供了具体的户外活动场景选择。G项(在公园里闲逛，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌也是一个选择。)符合语境。故选G。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“Shinrin-yoku，a common form of relaxation in Japan，suggests that being in the forest and walking among the trees there can lower your stress levels.”和下文“Research has shown that getting close to nature around your neighborhood or taking a break from multimedia increases performance on a creative problem-solving task.”可知，在社区亲近自然或远离多媒体也能像在森林里那样得到这些好处。E项(但是要得到这些好处，你不一定要住在森林里。)与上文内容构成转折，符合语境。故选E。 5．答案　B 解析　上文“So instead of setting a fitness goal，why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking outdoors？”建议开始以创造力为目标的户外散步。下文举了具体的行动例子，B项(让自己更多地接触周围环境。)与这一主题相符，承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分) Najma Hashi(also named Nujuum) is a respected female artist，whose paintings are winning a global following.But Nujuum is not your 1 next-generation rising star.Nujuum,26，grew up in Somalia，where new artists，especially female ones，are 2 from pursuing art. This young artist grew up in a 3 living environment，which she has 4 to watching a horror movie：war，drought，poverty and hunger.Since Nujuum was seven， 5 she went，she felt moved to paint.As a child，on her way home from school，she would sit by the 6 and draw pictures in the sand.“I was thinking of creating my own little world，getting away from 7 .Art has always been a form of 8 for me.” As she went through school，she drew a whole city on her bedroom wall using her school pencils. However，Nujuum was well 9 that art isn’t a respected profession in her country.“Art， 10 ，in the Somalian community is not a good thing to do，” she says.Her mother did not share her dreams，nor did her neighbors who considered them 11 . This 12 made her give up art for a while.However，she realized that she had a(n) 13 ：“Either I continue drawing and painting and create a beautiful life or I stay unhappy for the rest of my life.” Finally，Nujuum turned her 14 in art into something she could make a living from. She 15 opening a school one day for other talented local artists，enabling them to choose art as a career too. 语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了26岁的索马里艺术家Najma HashiNujuum在周围人不支持的情况下依然追求艺术梦想的故事。 1．A.unusual B．intelligent C．ambitious D．typical 答案　D 解析　unusual特别的，独特的；intelligent聪明的，有才智的；ambitious有野心的；typical典型的。根据下文“Nujuum,26，grew up in Somalia，where new artists，especially female ones，are from pursuing art.”并结合下文描述Nujuum在追梦途中遇到的困难可知，她并不是典型的下一代新星，她的成名之路并不顺畅。故选D。 2．A.protected B．prevented C．helped D．saved 答案　B 解析　protect保护；prevent阻止，阻碍；help帮助；save拯救。根据第三段的“that art isn’t a respected profession in her country”可知，在她的国家艺术不受尊重，即新晋艺术家被阻碍追求艺术。故选B。 3．A.peaceful B．comfortable C．terrible D．civilized 答案　C 解析　peaceful平静的；comfortable舒适的；terrible可怕的；civilized文明的。根据“a horror movie：war，drought，poverty and hunger”可知，Nujuum是在可怕的环境中长大的。故选C。 4．A.compared B．refused C．determined D．failed 答案　A 解析　compare将……比作；refuse拒绝；determine决定；fail失败。根据句意可知，Nujuum将自己的生活环境比作看恐怖电影。故选A。 5．A.somewhere B．nowhere C．everywhere D．where 答案　C 解析　somewhere某处；nowhere无处；everywhere到处；where哪里。根据下文“she would sit by the and draw pictures in the sand”可知，Nujuum喜欢画画，她无论走到哪里都想画画。故选C。 6．A.shore B．table C．station D．store 答案　A 解析　shore海岸；table桌子；station站台；store商店。根据“draw pictures in the sand”可知，Nujuum会坐在海边，在沙滩上画画。故选A。 7．A.imagination B．extinction C．reality D．danger 答案　C 解析　imagination想象力；extinction灭绝；reality现实；danger危险。根据“creating my own little world”可知，Nujuum想要创造自己的世界，逃离现实。故选C。 8．A.survival B．relief C．excellence D．prize 答案　B 解析　survival幸存；relief解脱，调剂；excellence优秀，卓越；prize奖品，奖项。根据“getting away from the ”可知，沉浸在艺术中对于Nujuum来说是一种解脱。故选B。 9．A.concerned B．likely C．positive D．aware 答案　D 解析　concerned担忧的；likely可能的；positive积极乐观的；aware知道的。根据下文“Art， ，in the Somalian community is not a good thing to do”可知，此处指Nujuum很清楚地知道艺术在索马里不是一个受人尊敬的职业。故选D。 10．A.in general B．in person C．in shock D．in secret 答案　A 解析　in general总体上；in person亲自；in shock震惊地；in secret秘密地。根据“Her mother did not share her dreams，nor did her neighbors”可知，她周围的人都不看好艺术，所以，总体上，艺术在索马里被认为不是好事。故选A。 11．A.normal B．confusing C．useful D．strange 答案　D 解析　normal正常的；confusing令人困惑的；useful有用的；strange奇怪的，陌生的。根据“Her mother did not share her dreams，nor did her neighbors”并结合上文提到索马里不鼓励艺术可知，邻居认为追求艺术的梦想很奇怪。故选D。 12．A.pressure B．shame C．consequence D．extent 答案　A 解析　pressure压力；shame愧疚；consequence后果；extent程度。根据“made her give up art for a while”可知，上文讲到的大家的不理解是一种压力，迫使她暂时放弃了艺术。故选A。 13．A.advantage B．opportunity C．intention D．choice 答案　D 解析　advantage优势；opportunity机会；intention意图，目的；choice选择。根据“Either I continue drawing and painting and create a beautiful life or I stay unhappy for the rest of my life.”可知，Nujuum意识到自己面临一个选择。故选D。 14．A.tendency B．appreciation C．interest D．entertainment 答案　C 解析　tendency趋势；appreciation欣赏，感激；interest兴趣；entertainment娱乐。根据上文描述可知，Nujuum对艺术有浓厚的兴趣，并最终将它变成了自己的职业。故选C。 15．A.agrees with B．dreams of C．consists of D．knows of 答案　B 解析　agree with同意；dream of梦想；consist of由……组成；know of知道，了解。根据“opening a school one day for other talented local artists，enabling them to choose art as a career too.”并结合Nujuum自己追求艺术的经历可知，Nujuum梦想着有一天能够为其他艺术家开办一所学校。故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) There are certain things on the Earth that we must not lose.The great animal migration across the Serengeti Plains or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples.Every country is proud of 1.____________(it) cultural or natural heritage sites，all of 2.___________ must be protected.We are lucky to have UNESCO to oversee such 3._________ unique task.It sees heritage as our legacy from the past，what we live with today，and what we pass down 4._______ future generations as well as irreplaceable sources of inspiration. The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a 5._________(remind) of the power of nature and the genius of man.As a nature reserve，Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to snow-capped mountains，thick forests，impressive waterfalls and lakes.This dream-like scenery makes us realize that nature has 6._______(literal) created a masterpiece.Similarly，standing in the shadow of the Taj Mahal，as the sun rises over this grand historic building，we 7.________(impress) with the effort and determination of the people 8.____________(establish) it with only primitive tools. It is in heritage sites like this 9.________ we cannot help but be humbled，come to understand our limitations as human beings，and know that our duty is to protect them for generations 10.__________(come)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了文化遗产的重要性以及保护文化遗产的意义。 1．答案　its 解析　考查代词。修饰名词sites应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 2．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cultural or natural heritage sites，作介词of的宾语，指物，应用which。故填which。 3．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句意：我们很幸运有联合国教科文组织来监督这项独特的任务。task是可数名词单数，此处为泛指，用不定冠词修饰，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 4．答案　to 解析　考查介词。句意：它认为这些遗产是过去赐予我们的遗赠物，伴随着我们今天的生活，也是我们传给后代的东西，以及不可替代的灵感来源。短语pass down to表示“传给……”。故填to。 5．答案　reminder 解析　考查名词。句意：遗产遗址令人难以置信的辉煌使人们感受到大自然的力量和人类的才能。空处作表语，结合不定冠词可知应用单数名词reminder。故填reminder。 6．答案　literally 解析　考查副词。句意：这梦幻般的景色让我们意识到大自然确实创造了一件杰作。修饰动词create应用副词literally作状语，意为“确实地”。故填literally。 7．答案　are impressed 解析　考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。短语be impressed with表示“对……印象深刻”，根据上文rises可知时态为一般现在时，主语为we，be动词用are。故填are impressed。 8．答案　establishing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处作介词of的宾语，且与逻辑主语构成主动关系，与名词people构成动名词的复合结构。故填establishing。 9．答案　that 解析　考查强调句型。句意：正是在这样的遗产遗址中，我们不禁感到谦卑，认识到我们作为人类的局限性，并知道我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句：It is ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，被强调部分为in heritage sites like this，应用that。故填that。 10．答案　to come 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子并结合语境可知，此处表示“未来的”，应用不定式to come作后置定语。故填to come。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $