Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（人教版·新教材）

本讲义围绕“约翰·斯诺战胜‘霍乱王’”核心阅读文本，通过6道阅读理解题搭建文本理解支架，系统梳理词汇（如suspect、blame用法）、语法（until从句、so...that...结构）及篇章结构知识，形成从文本输入到语言知识内化再到应用的学习脉络。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如事件排序题训练逻辑思维，长难句分析提升语言理解能力，主题微写作促进知识迁移。课中辅助教师引导深度解读，课后通过完形填空、语篇阅读等练习帮助学生巩固词汇语法，提升自主学习能力。

Period 1　Reading and Thinking 1．What made John Snow upset initially? A．Not treating cholera. B．Attending to the queen badly. C．Losing hope to cure cholera. D．Not becoming a good doctor. 答案　A 2．What caused cholera according to Snow? A．Bad air. B．The water pump. C．Germs in raw waste. D．Germs in food or water. 答案　D 3．Which is the correct order of the following sentences? ①Cholera stopped spreading. ②Snow marked the deaths on a map. ③Snow suspected the water pump was to blame. ④Snow had the handle removed from the water pump. ⑤Snow found most deaths were near a water pump. A．②⑤④③① B．②⑤③④① C．⑤③④①② D．⑤②③④① 答案　B 4．Why is Snow considered the father of modern epidemiology? A．Because the threat of cholera disappeared. B．Because we now know how to prevent cholera. C．Because he switched the way to study diseases. D．Because cholera is still a problem around the world. 答案　C 5．What does “King” imply in the title? A．The name of cholera. B．The causes of cholera. C．Cholera spreads fast. D．Cholera is powerful and hard to cure. 答案　D 6．What kind of person is John Snow? A．Selfish but creative. B．Expert and curious. C．Determined but casual. D．Careless but knowledgeable. 答案　B JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA” [1]Cholera used to1 be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe，millions of people died from2 the disease.[2]As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to3 Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all4. [1]这是一个主从复合句。until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。 [2]这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。 [3]when引导时间状语从句。,词块翻译： 1．过去常常 2．死于 3．照顾 4．最终地；彻底地 In general5，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the disease. [5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to6 the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，Snow began to investigate.[6]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than7 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to8 find out9 why. [4][5]两句中that在句中均引导表语从句，不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。 [6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so...that...结构，该结构中that引导结果状语从句。 5.一般来说 6．同意；赞同 7．多于；不仅仅；非常 8．下定决心做某事 9．发现，查明 [7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16,37,38，and 40)．However，some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street，and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer，and so had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more，in another part of London，a woman and her daughter had died of10 cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of11 this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed [10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. [7]该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语修饰动词began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。 [8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 [9]句型It seemed that...意为“好像……”；so...that...结构中that引导结果状语从句；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“让别人做某事”。 [10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。 10.死于 11．由于；因为 The truth was [11]that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was polluted by raw waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much more likely to12 get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water13. [11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。 [12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River Thames。 [13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those。 12.有可能做某事 13．开水 Through Snow’s tireless efforts14，water companies began to sell clean water，and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However，cholera is still a problem.Each year，millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to15 the work of John Snow.Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. [14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见证；目睹”。 [15]这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the way，此处省略了that或in which。 14.不懈的努力 15．幸亏；由于 析篇章结构 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；觉得(坏事可能属实或发生) n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 [教材原句P2]Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 [译林版] “As I suspected，you’re not Jimmy Wells，” he said，impatiently with anger. “正如我所怀疑的，你不是吉米·威尔斯，”他愤怒且不耐烦地说。 suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect that...怀疑……；觉得…… (1)Our English teacher never suspects us of attaining our dreams and she is greatly convinced that we can make progress with efforts. ＝Our English teacher never suspects that we can attain our dreams and she is greatly convinced that we can make progress with efforts. [写作佳句] (2)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃担心地看了体育老师一眼，低声说：“我确实怀疑自己在这座巨大的建筑物中辨别方向的能力。” Eva cast a worried look at her PE teacher，murmuring，“I do suspect myself of my ability in distinguishing directions in the huge building.” blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 [北师大版]This time，human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；应受责备 blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 (1)Although the teaching assistant was to blame(blame) for the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her for it. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们不应该责怪别人，而应该把一些错误归咎于自己。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should blame some mistakes on ourselves. decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 [教材原句P3]Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 [外研版]But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000，it also meant less food for the cats. 然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从 130,000 降到约10,000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。 ·on the decrease正在减少 ·decrease by...减少了…… decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到…… (1)Furthermore，the number of the students in our school reading classics has decreased by 30%.That is，the number has decreased from 1,000 to 700. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之传统文化)青少年对中国古代传统和风俗的了解正在减少，因此，我倡议组织各种活动以丰富他们的知识和鉴赏力。 Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs is on the decrease/is decreasing，so I advocate organizing various activities to enrich their knowledge and appreciation. until 引导的时间状语从句 [教材原句P2]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 ·until引导时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 ·部分倒装结构：“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 ·强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 (1)(读后续写之情绪描写) 我们一直与这只凶猛的熊作斗争，直到一些好心的人冲过来帮助我们对付它，我们才松了一口气。 We kept fighting with the fierce bear until some kind people rushed to help us handle it and we sighed in relief. (2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)直到在森林里迷了路，简才发出一声后悔的喊叫。 ①Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest. ②Not until she got lost in the forest did Jane let out a cry of regret.(用倒装句改写) ③It was not until she got lost in the forest that Jane let out a cry of regret.(用强调句改写) 疑问词＋不定式 [教材原句P2]As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 [教材原句P3]Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 ·“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等句子成分。 ·在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式；用于该结构的常见疑问词有who，what，which，how，when，where等。 注意：whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。 (1)(2024·天津6月，书面表达)既然许多学生不知道如何建设绿色校园，我感到非常荣幸能提供一些实际的做法。 Now that many students have no idea/don’t know how to build a green campus，I feel greatly honored to offer some practical practices. (2)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)脸上带着鼓励的微笑，我的搭档耐心地说：“最重要的是下一步做什么。能否得一等奖取决于我们的周密计划。” My partner said patiently，casting an encouraging smile，“The most important is what to do next.Whether to win first prize depends on our careful plans.” (3)我们正在就何时何地为我们敬爱的英语老师举办惊喜派对而展开激烈的争论。 We are having a heated debate on when and where to hold a surprise party for our beloved English teacher. so...that...引导结果状语从句 [教材原句P2]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 [教材原句P2]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 ·so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋ adj./adv.＋that... so＋ adj.＋a/an＋ n．(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋ n．＋that... ·such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋ adj.＋ n．(单数可数)＋that... such＋ adj.＋ n．(复数或不可数)＋that... ·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)(2024·全国甲，书面表达)中国的交通经历了如此多的显著变化，它给中国人提供了不同的旅行方式。 Chinese transport has experienced so many remarkable transformations that it gives the Chinese people access to different means of travelling. (2)(2024·北京，书面表达)在过去的75年里，中国在各个方面都取得了巨大的进步，以至于你不知道你的文章应该关注什么。 In the past 75 years，China has made such great progress in all aspects that you don’t know what to focus on in your article. (3)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)即将到来的中国工作坊是如此有意义的活动，以至于吸引了许多交换生。 The upcoming Chinese workshop is so meaningful an activity/such a meaningful activity that it appeals to numerous exchange students. (4)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉他的舌头打结，手心出汗。 ①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. ②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写) Ⅰ.品句猜词 1．It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school，for which we were sincerely grateful.定期捐助 2．(读后续写之情绪描写)When I stood on the stage，my heart was pumping with a mixture of excitement and nervousness.vi.快速上下运动 3．What is your thinking on the popularity of the issue on current online platforms？n.见解；看法 Ⅱ.单词拼写 1．Without substantial statistics，I had great difficulty handling the challenge. 2．I worked in a grocery store during the summer vacation，transforming my attitude to my life. 3．Initially I was uninterested in physics but later I grew crazy about it. 4．I was suspected(怀疑)of taking the watch by mistake the other day and I was overcome with intense frustration. 5．Experts claimed with certainty that the illness was linked(相关联) to the infection of such germs. 6．In reality，I completely subscribed(同意) to what he had put forward at the meeting. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．As far as I am concerned，you are to blame(blame) for the severe mistake. 2．Thanks to his intervention，we could address the problem in a peaceful way once and for all. 3．The ultimate success I attained is linked to/with my great determination and patience. 4．I had no alternative but to do what I didn’t like，making me entirely frustrated(frustrate)． 5．Because of the widespread use of pesticides，this species of bird is on the decrease in numbers every year. 6．The whole story was so contradictory that I couldn’t figure out what the author was trying to express. 7．I didn’t know where to collect(collect) so many raw materials for my new research. 8．It was not until I gained enough proofs that I could prove myself innocent(清白的)． 9．It can help purify(pure) water，reduce pollution and improve the environment. 10．It is because of our timely intervention(s)(intervene) that we have handled the problem once and for all. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 In the early 19th century，an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,1.causing(cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this，John Snow became 2.frustrated(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time，doctors 3.had(have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and the other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，John Snow discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 4.so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Through his careful investigation，he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 5.that resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore，he had the handle of the pump 6.removed(remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 7.had been infected(infect) by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link 8.between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw 9.a substantial decrease.10.Fortunately(fortunate)，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. 作业1　Reading and Thinking [分值：64分] Ⅰ.短语填空(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分) 1．Unluckily my mother came down with an illness and I spent the whole day attending to(照顾) her. 2．So far all the medical experts have subscribed to(赞同) the view that this disease is caused by such germs. 3．Although I am faced with many difficulties，I have been/am determined to(下定决心) solve the problem once and for all. 4．Having collected substantial proof，I have confidence in finding out(查明) how the incident is going. 5．It is as a result of(由于) his help that I can fully understand this theoretical framework. 6．Thanks to(幸亏) your guidance，I could handle the issue so smoothly. 7．He is likely to(很可能) be in charge of the activity，because so many people support him. Ⅱ.主题微写作——高铁设计师梁建英(满分15分) 1．自从1995年毕业，梁建英一直如此致力于设计高铁，以至于她几乎没有时间放松。(so...that...引导结果状语从句) Since she graduated in 1995，Liang Jianying has been so devoted to designing high-speed railways that she nearly has no time to relax. 2．即使她不知道如何解决她所遇到的困难，她也不会感到沮丧。(疑问词＋不定式) Even if she isn’t sure how to solve the difficulties (that/which) she comes across，never will she feel frustrated. 3．她负责高速铁路的建设，在她和她的团队的不懈努力下，发明了时速300－350千米的高速动车组。 She is responsible for/in charge of the construction of high-speed railways and thanks to/through her and her team’s tireless efforts，the 300－350 km/h high-speed EMU has been invented. 4．从她身上，我意识到，我们不能放弃直到实现我们的目标。(not until引导的倒装句) From her，I realize that not until we achieve our goals can we give up. 5．总之，我们应该向她学习，永远不要怀疑我们实现最初目标的能力。(suspect) All in all，we should learn from her and never should we suspect our ability to achieve our initial goals. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·河南洛阳高二上期末) Our university’s Marriott Library cuts back on its energy usage by 28 percent every year with a new automation system.Years after its installation(安装)，the project actually started out aiming to provide better protection to the library’s collections.The new change will end up saving the university $270,000 annually. Beginning on the first floor in 2014，the system has expanded to special collections on the fourth floor and to the rest of the building.Special collections hold over 80,000 rare books，maps，moving images，sound archives(档案) and manuscripts(手稿)．Delicate pieces like these，some dating as far back as 2,000 years，demand protection from water damage and an unchangeable climate，which is a goal of the new system. Employees are already seeing a difference as they have more control over the thermostat(恒温器)，which provides a comfortable environment that is not only for the books.The system can ensure that no cold air makes its way into the building，maintaining a pleasant temperature for everyone inside.As a result，the newest service provides a space to escape the summer heat and the winter cold. “Student success is a central objective of our university，” said Dean of the J．Willard Marriott Library and university librarian，Alberta Comer，on the library website.“Nowadays，more and more students will take library services into account when picking a school，so a good library is an advantage to attract more excellent students.And the Marriott Library is continually striving to ensure that—both with traditional and new services.” This installation，like any change，took a whole team.The efforts of staff in University Planning played a big role.Non-university forces also chipped in to make this change possible.Spectrum Engineers，a company over 30 years old that has been helping the University with a campus-wide public service distribution upgrade，worked on the project.Wasatch Controls，which has 13 years of experience in building automation and security systems，was also up for the job along with ETC Group，another 30-year-old company aiming to improve building performance. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了马里奥特图书馆通过安装新的自动化系统，成功降低了能源消耗，保护了珍贵的馆藏资料，同时为师生提供了更加舒适的环境。 1．What is the purpose of installing the new automation system? A．To cut down expenses on books. B．To protect the students in the library. C．To keep the collections in good condition. D．To offer a comfortable studying environment. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Years after its installation(安装)，the project actually started out aiming to provide better protection to the library’s collections.”可知，安装新自动化系统是为了保持藏品的良好状态。故选C。 2．What’s implied in paragraph 2? A．The library is in good condition. B．The new system will be widely used. C．The special collections are at great risk. D．The new system is of great significance. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Beginning on the first floor in 2014，the system has expanded to special collections on the fourth floor and to the rest of the building.”以及“Delicate pieces like these，some dating as far back as 2,000 years，demand protection from water damage and an unchangeable climate，which is a goal of the new system.”可知，自动化系统从2014年开始保护珍贵藏品。由此可以推断出新系统对于保护这些珍贵藏品具有重要意义。故选D。 3．What is important for a university according to Alberta Comer? A．Its service. B．Its reputation. C．Its location. D．Its quality. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中Alberta Comer所说的话“Nowadays，more and more students will take library services into account when picking a school，so a good library is an advantage to attract more excellent students.”可推知，Alberta Comer认为图书馆服务对一所大学来说很重要。故选A。 4．Why is the installation a success? A．Service was upgraded. B．The staff fought long. C．Many worked together. D．The students made efforts. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This installation，like any change，took a whole team.The efforts of staff in University Planning played a big role.Non-university forces also chipped in to make this change possible.”可知，安装工作的成功得益于很多人的共同合作。故选C。 B(此篇精读) (2025·江苏常州高二上期末) For decades，virtual reality(VR) has been viewed as the future of filmmaking，able to offer experiences more immersive than traditional cinema and television.In an essay written in 1955，titled The Cinema of the Future，the cinematographer Morton Heilig predicted that filmmaking would advance to the point where it can “reveal the new scientific world to man in the full sensual vividness and dynamic energy of his awareness”． According to VR expert and artist Chris Milk，films of the future will offer tailored immersive experiences that will be able to tell a story in real time，which is just for you and uniquely satisfies you and what your likes and dislikes are.He prefers terms like “story living” to the standard one such as “story telling”．He believes cinematic experiences will develop to “feel as natural and as real as a day in your life，but have the amazing characteristics of the kind of exciting stories that we are used to being told”． The influential journalist and entrepreneur Nonny de la Pena says，“The first word comes to mind when I think about the future of the medium is ‘volumetric(立体的)’．In the future，flat media will still be there with us，just like the radio will still be with us.But there’s no way that filmmaking is going to stay flat.” With VR technology advancing at a rapid rate，possibilities are endless.Describing VR as dangerous because filmmakers operating in this space have less control than they do in non-interactive experiences，Steven Spielberg said that the virtual world would give viewers a lot of freedom not to take directions from the storytellers but make their own choices.However，many would regard this kind of future，where viewers will have the ability to shape the stories they experience，as positive rather than negative.Viewers being able to make their own choices concurs with Heilig’s prediction that the cinema of the future will no longer be a visual art，but an art of awareness. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了虚拟现实VR被视为电影制作未来的原因，还介绍了专家对未来电影特点的看法，以及VR技术对电影制作带来的影响。 5．Why is VR considered the future of filmmaking? A．It is more vivid and dynamic. B．It is related to the scientific world. C．It is equipped with advanced technology. D．It provides real feelings for the audience. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“For decades，virtual reality(VR) has been viewed as the future of filmmaking，able to offer experiences more immersive than traditional cinema and television.”和第二段中“...feel as natural and as real as a day in your life”可知，虚拟现实被认为是电影制作的未来是因为它能为观众提供更真实的感受，让观众有沉浸式体验。故选D。 6．What will characterize future films according to Chris Milk? A．They will get more personal. B．They will focus on telling stories. C．They will become more volumetric. D．They will be a virtual copy of the world. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“According to VR expert and artist Chris Milk，films of the future will offer tailored immersive experiences that will be able to tell a story in real time，which is just for you and uniquely satisfies you and what your likes and dislikes are.”可知，未来电影的特点是更加个性化。故选A。 7．What does the underlined word “concurs” probably mean in the last paragraph? A．Deals. B．Compares. C．Agrees. D．Communicates. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“many would regard this kind of future...as positive”以及“Viewers being able to make their own choices”可知，可以自己做出选择的观众会同意海利格的预测。所以concur意为“同意，赞同”，与agree同义。故选C。 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Who Invented VR Technology? B．What Will Films Be Like in the Future? C．How Can VR Be Used in Future Films? D．Why Does VR Have an Impact on Filmmaking? 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“For decades virtual reality(VR) has been viewed as the future of filmmaking，able to offer experiences more immersive than traditional cinema and television.”，第二段中“According to VR expert and artist Chris Milk，films of the future will offer tailored immersive experiences...”和第三段中Nonny de la Pena所说的话等内容可知，文章围绕未来电影的样子展开。故B项“未来的电影将会是什么样？”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 [词汇积累] 1．be viewed as被视为 2．immerse v．使沉浸于→immersive adj.沉浸式的 3．advance to推进到……；发展到…… 4．tailor n．裁缝 v．定制→tailored adj.定做的；特制的 5．flat media平面媒体 [句式分析] 1．In an essay written in 1955，titled The Cinema of the Future，the cinematographer Morton Heilig predicted that filmmaking would advance to the point where it can “reveal the new scientific world to man in the full sensual vividness and dynamic energy of his awareness”． 分析：titled The Cinema of the Future为过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词essay。that引导宾语从句。where引导定语从句，先行词为point，where在从句中作地点状语。 翻译：在1955年写的一篇题为《未来的电影》的文章中，电影摄影师莫顿·海利格预言，电影制作将会发展到这样一个阶段，它可以“以人类意识的全部感官生动和动态能量向人类揭示新的科学世界”。 2．According to VR expert and artist Chris Milk，films of the future will offer tailored immersive experiences that will be able to tell a story in real time，which is just for you and uniquely satisfies you and what your likes and dislikes are. 分析：that引导定语从句，先行词为experiences，that在从句中作主语。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a story。what引导宾语从句，作动词satisfy的宾语，what在从句中作表语。 翻译：根据虚拟现实专家和艺术家克里斯·米尔克的说法，未来的电影将提供量身定制的沉浸式体验，能够实时讲述一个只为你而设的故事，满足你的喜好和厌恶。 Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Louis Pasteur was born on December 27,1822，in Dole，France，into a poor family.The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 1 regarding the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种)，microbial fermentation，and pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法)． The family was on a very tight 2 .However，his parents 3 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.Pasteur had a 4 for painting and drawing.When he realized that art was 5 to earn a living，he changed to 6 . He was not a(n) 7 student，but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it.It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 8 school.Later，he owed his success to his 9 .He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 10 some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur’s 11 research was completely self-funded.His wife，Marie， 12 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually，he was able to 13 research positions at more great institutions.Eventually，he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 14 and prevent the causes of disease，particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award 15 in his field.As a consequence，Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 语篇解读　本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了路易斯·巴斯德的生平、成就和贡献。 1．A.predictions B．discoveries C．methods D．performances 答案　B 解析　prediction预测；discovery发现；method方法；performance表演。下文的“the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种)，microbial fermentation，and pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法)”指的是科学发现。故选B。 2．A.turn B．schedule C．relationship D．budget 答案　D 解析　turn转变；schedule时间表；relationship关系；budget预算。根据空后的“However，his parents education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，巴斯德家的经济条件并不好，即这个家庭的预算很紧张。故选D。 3．A.valued B．overestimated C．sharpened D．assigned 答案　A 解析　value重视，珍视；overestimate高估；sharpen使尖锐；assign分配。根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去他们能供得起的最好的学校。故选A。 4．A.demand B．temptation C．passion D．inspiration 答案　C 解析　demand要求；temptation诱惑；passion热情；inspiration灵感。根据下文“When he realized that art was to earn a living，he changed to .”可知，巴斯德对艺术充满热情。故选C。 5．A.unavoidable B．unlikely C．unexpected D．uneventful 答案　B 解析　unavoidable无法避免的；unlikely不大可能发生的；unexpected意外的；uneventful平凡的。根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，所以此处指他意识到靠艺术谋生是不太可能的。故选B。 6．A.geography B．arithmetic C．politics D．chemistry 答案　D 解析　geography地理；arithmetic算术；politics政治；chemistry化学。根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific regarding the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种)，microbial fermentation，and pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法)．”可知，他后来成了一名化学家和微生物学家，所以此处指他从艺术转向化学。故选D。 7．A.considerate B．intelligent C．lifelong D．intimate 答案　B 解析　considerate体贴的；intelligent聪明的；lifelong终身的；intimate亲密的。根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it”以及“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。故选B。 8．A.desired B．approved C．engaged D．varied 答案　A 解析　desired渴望的；approved得到正式认可的；engaged使用中的；varied各种各样的。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常理可知，此处指他通过考试进入了自己心仪的学校。故选A。 9．A.fame B．routine C．perseverance D．blessing 答案　C 解析　fame名声，名望；routine例行公事；perseverance毅力；blessing祝福。根据下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自自己的毅力。故选C。 10．A.fundraising B．tackling C．motivating D．occupying 答案　B 解析　fundraise筹款；tackle处理；motivate激励；occupy占据。根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems”可知，他在解决一些最困难的科学问题上的努力和毅力给资深科学家留下了深刻的印象。故选B。 11．A.overnight B．joint C．monthly D．early 答案　D 解析　overnight一夜之间的；joint联合的；monthly每月的；early早期的。根据下文的“Eventually，he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to and prevent the causes of disease，particularly rabies.”可知，空处指的是巴斯德早期的研究情况。故选D。 12．A.actively B．objectively C．humbly D．nobly 答案　A 解析　actively积极地；objectively客观地；humbly谦卑地；nobly崇高地。根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。故选A。 13．A.turn down B．cope with C．work out D．take up 答案　D 解析　turn down拒绝；cope with处理；work out解决；take up从事。根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他能够在更大的机构担任研究职位。故选D。 14．A.dedicate B．treat C．find D．commit 答案　C 解析　dedicate致力于；treat对待；find找到；commit犯(罪或错)，承诺。根据空前的“he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to”和空后的“prevent the causes of disease，particularly rabies”可推测，他建立了巴斯德研究所以发现和预防疾病的起因。故选C。 15．A.available B．memorable C．favorable D．knowledgeable 答案　A 解析　available可得到的，可使用的；memorable难忘的；favorable有利的；knowledgeable博学的。根据空前的“He was highly respected and won just about every award”和空后的“in his field”可推测，他赢得了他所在领域能有的所有奖项。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $