UNIT 1 Relationships 培优提能练(一)（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第一册学习笔记（北师大版·新教材）

本讲义聚焦高中英语培优提能训练，涵盖主题语篇阅读（人物故事、社会现象）、七选五（科技应用）、完形填空（生活叙事）及语法填空（生态保护）四大模块，系统整合细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测及语法应用等核心知识点，通过语篇解读与答案解析搭建学习支架，助力学生构建知识脉络。 该资料以多样化语篇为载体，突出语言能力培养，如推理判断题提升学生分析推断水平，语法填空强化语言规则应用。同时融入文化意识与思维品质，如三江源生态保护语篇渗透家国情怀，3D打印小提琴主题激发创新思维。课中辅助教师针对性讲解，课后学生可通过解析自主查漏补缺，有效提升综合语言运用能力。

训练7　培优提能练(一) [分值：62.5分] Ⅰ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·山东德州高二上期中) Jane Seymour，co-founder of the Open Hearts Foundation，has always been inspired by her mother’s advice—that love has no boundaries and flows unconditionally.That advice originated from Jane’s mother’s experience as a survivor of World War Ⅱ.She survived three and a half horrific years by caring for soldiers who were far worse off than she was.Focusing her energy on serving others under the most difficult circumstances was the only way she survived. Jane was greatly impacted by her mother’s story.When faced with her own personal challenges—losing her home and being nearly broke(破产的)—Jane used her last bit of money to have an artist draw her children.At her home，the artist saw some of Jane’s paintings，and offered her free art lessons.It was then that she discovered her unique talent for art，which led to a series of positive influences in her life，including a new career，new passions，and the inspiration for the Open Hearts Value. Every time Jane painted a heart，it was open，and when there were two or more，they were always connected.This distinctive image represents the Open Hearts Value，and was the beginning of her journey to encourage people to turn their personal challenges into an opportunity to help others. When Signet Jewelers，the world’s largest retailer(零售商) of diamond jewelry，learned of this story，they approached her about creating a line of jewelry with the Open Hearts symbol.That business partnership sold billions of dollars of jewelry and started the charitable beginning of the Open Hearts Foundation.Jane’s vision was to create a foundation that encouraged people to help others and provided immediate funding to small，new charities that shared the same values. What started as a cause marketing campaign has grown into a movement of like-minded people working together for the greater good.Over sixty charities have been supported by the Foundation and thousands of volunteers have been inspired to do what they can to help others through virtual and in-person volunteer experiences. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jane Seymour受母亲无私爱心的启发，创立了Open Hearts Foundation，鼓励人们克服个人挑战并帮助他人，最终形成了一股积极向上的社会力量。 1．What made Jane’s mother survive the World War Ⅱ？ A．Her unconditional love to others. B．Support from the soldiers she helped. C．Her willpower and determination to win. D．Energy to face any strange circumstances. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“...love has no boundaries and flows unconditionally...She survived three and a half horrific years by caring...serving others under the most difficult circumstances was the only way she survived.”可知，她通过照顾比她境况差得多的士兵熬过了艰难的三年半，在最困难的情况下，她把精力集中在为他人服务上，这是她幸存下来的唯一途径。由此可知，她对别人的无条件的爱让她在二战中幸存下来。故选A。 2．Which image might be the logo of the Open Hearts Foundation? 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Every time Jane painted a heart，it was open，and when there were two or more，they were always connected.”可知，Jane画的心形都是开放的，当她画两颗或多颗心形时，它们总是相连的，因此B项可能是她创办的基金会的标志。故选B。 3．What was the original intention of Signet Jewelers? A．To start small charities directly. B．To promote a new jewelry line. C．To set up a company with retailers. D．To share the same value with Jane. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“When Signet Jewelers，the world’s largest retailer(零售商) of diamond jewelry，learned of this story，they approached her about creating a line of jewelry with the Open Hearts symbol.”可知，Signet Jewelers最初的意图是与Jane合作推广新的珠宝系列。故选B。 4．Which word best describes the Foundation according to the last paragraph? A．Struggling. B．Profitable. C．Fruitful. D．Disorganized. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，有超过六十家慈善机构得到了基金会的支持，数千名志愿者受到鼓舞去帮助他人，由此可知，基金会已经取得了丰硕的成果。故选C。 B (2024·四川自贡高二上期中) If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy，you’re right.“They have a break between lessons and gym classes.They can let their guard down，” says Marisa G．Franco，a sought-after friendship & belonging expert.However，it’s not the case for adults.Even though they see their colleagues every day，they still find it never easy to be friends with them. In the US，for example，a survey by the American Enterprise Institute found that the number of adults who said they had no close friends had increased four times since 1990，going from 3 percent to 12 percent.“We’ve never been more disconnected，” says psychologist and author Jody Carrington.Although adults spend time together from 9：00 am to 6：00 pm and even late into the night，the fast-paced work pattern dictates that communication is limited to the content of the work，and after work，they immediately go back to homes，leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship. Research by Brigham Young University psychologist Julianne Holt-Lunstad has shown that loneliness is a major threat to longevity(长寿)，same as being an alcoholic.People who are lonely or socially cut off have a higher risk of having diseases like depression，dementia and cardiac death.On the another side，healthy friendships can help us a lot，doing better with stress and living happier and longer.Plus，happiness is contagious.Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy，his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness，too. Hence，making and deepening friendships matters more than we imagine.You might think making friends is an inherent skill that doesn’t need to be taught.It’s not the case.We can all get better at connection if we try.Some experts offer some tricks to make finding connection a little easier. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成年人不容易建立联系的原因，强调了建立联系的重要性并提出建议。 5．How does the author lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing a lot of figures. B．By drawing a conclusion. C．By making a comparison. D．By showing a conversation. 答案　C 解析　写作手法题。根据第一段中的“If you feel that making friends as a kid is easy，you’re right.’They have a break between lessons and gym classes.They can let their guard down’”以及“However，it’s not the case for adults.Even though they see their colleagues every day，they still find it never easy to be friends with them.”可知，作者在第一段将孩子交友容易和成年人交友困难的情况进行对比来引出话题。故选C。 6．What makes it difficult for an adult to be friends with others according to paragraph 2? A．Lack of breaks in the workplace. B．Worry about being deeply hurt. C．Unwillingness to communicate. D．Lack of unarranged interactions. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“and after work，they immediately go back to homes，leaving no extra energy to have unplanned interactions to develop further friendship”可知，缺乏计划外的互动使成年人很难与他人成为朋友。故选D。 7．What does the author want to convey in paragraph 3? A．The approach to leading a happy life. B．The necessity of staying connected. C．The consequences of getting into bad habits. D．The relationship between happiness and habits. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，孤独是长寿的主要威胁，会增加患病风险，而健康的友谊可以帮助我们更好地应对压力，活得更快乐、更长久。因此，作者在第三段想要传达保持联系的意义和必要性。故选B。 8．What does the underlined word “contagious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Effective. B．Influential. C．Flexible. D．Unique. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Harvard researchers found that when an individual becomes happy，his or her friends who live in a 1.6-kilometre radius have a 25 percent higher chance of getting a boost in happiness，too.”可知，当一个人变得快乐时，其住在1.6公里半径内的朋友也有25%的机会获得快乐。所以快乐是有感染力的，因此，画线词contagious意为“有影响力的”。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 3D-Printed Violins While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how they were and who made them. 1 This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms. However，the good news for them is that they will meet with low-cost and durable(耐用的) 3D-printed violins thanks to The Acoustical Society of America’s AVIVA Young Artists Program.The team’s inspiration roots in multiple places.Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds created by using new materials，to use the new technology of other fields，and to make music education accessible through the printing of more durable instruments. 2 The method of distribution has yet to be decided—it could involve shipping fully printed violins，sharing the 3D-printing files with makers，or a combination of both. 3 The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to provide a comfortable grasp for the musicians，while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin.The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins. 4 “The next step is to lower the costs of production for making such instruments more widely available，especially in the field of education，” said Mary-Elizabeth Brown，director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program.Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology. 5 Effective results have been obtained from many of them. A．The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing. B．Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before. C．Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more. D．Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost. E．Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins. F．3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented. G．The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them. 1．答案　C 解析　上文“While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one...”讲述了小提琴的价格非常昂贵，下文“This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.”讲述了前面所述情况让许多人难以接触到小提琴。由此可知，空处应承上启下，讲述小提琴的昂贵，C项“事实上，即使是学生们用的基础款小提琴也要花费1 000美元甚至更多”符合题意。故选C。 2．答案　G 解析　上文“Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds...”讲述了该项目的目标，空处应承接上文，G项“该项目还旨在为那些买不起小提琴的孩子们提供小提琴”符合题意，讲述了该项目的另一个目标。故选G。 3．答案　A 解析　下文“The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to...while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原声的) violin.”讲述了琴颈和指板、琴身分别使用的材料，A项“这把小提琴是由3D打印出的两部分构成的”引出下文，选项中的“two pieces”对应下文中的“The neck and fingerboard”和“the violin’s body”。故选A。 4．答案　E 解析　上文“The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins.”讲述了3D打印出来的小提琴与常规小提琴之间的区别，此处应承接上文，讲述二者的其他差别，E项“此外，AVIVA小提琴比传统的木制小提琴更不易损坏”符合题意。故选E。 5．答案　B 解析　上文“Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.”提到用3D打印技术生产的乐器并不止小提琴，空处应承接上文，讲述有其他乐器被打印，B项“之前有许多乐器都被用3D打印机生产过”符合题意。故选B。 Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) One summer day，Megan Atherton was driving to her hometown of Pittsburgh.She had been driven out of the 1 for overdue rent.And then to make things 2 ，about an hour into the drive，Atherton’s car broke down and her cell phone was out of 3 .Unable to call for help，Atherton was 4 by the side of the road.Eventually，police arrived and helped her send her car to a nearby garage(修车厂)．The 5 was worse than imagined：Her car would need major repairs—repairs that she didn’t have money to 6 . As Atherton was 7 about what to do next，a woman in the waiting room 8 her.She offered to take Atherton to Pittsburgh.The only 9 was that the woman’s cat had sickness，so she couldn’t leave just then.She had to go home and give it the 10 needed in the night.The woman，who introduced herself as “Toni”，brought Atherton back to her house and 11 Atherton for the night.And then in the morning，she drove Atherton all the way to Pittsburgh. Once they arrived in the city，Atherton was able to find a homeless shelter and begin 12 her life.She never saw Toni again，but thinks of her often.“It’s not 13 that I thanked her enough.It was a very hard time in my life，and I 14 don’t know what would have happened if she hadn’t gone so far above and beyond for a complete 15 ，” Atherton said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Megan Atherton因拖欠房租被赶出公寓后，遭遇汽车抛锚和手机没电的困境，最终得到一位陌生女子Toni的帮助，得以返回家乡匹兹堡的故事。 1．A.hospital B．restaurant C．apartment D．company 答案　C 解析　hospital医院；restaurant餐厅；apartment公寓；company公司。根据下文“for overdue rent”可知，Atherton因为拖欠租金被赶出居住的地方，故选C。 2．A.worse B．better C．funnier D．clearer 答案　A 解析　worse更糟的；better更好的；funnier更有趣的；clearer更清晰的。根据下文“Atherton’s car broke down”可知，车子抛锚是不好的情况，可推理出空白处应表示“更糟糕的”，故选A。 3．A.reach B．place C．control D．power 答案　D 解析　reach到达；place地方；control控制；power电力。根据下文“Unable to call for help”提到不能打电话求助，可推理出手机无法使用是因为没电了，故选D。 4．A.hidden B．lost C．stuck D．postponed 答案　C 解析　hidden隐藏的；lost迷失的；stuck困住的；postponed延迟的。根据下文“by the side of the road”可知，Atherton因为车子抛锚而无法移动，故选C。 5．A.threat B．treatment C．symbol D．evaluation 答案　D 解析　threat威胁；treatment治疗；symbol象征；evaluation估计。根据下文“Her car would need major repairs”提到车子需要大修，可知这里指的是对车子损坏程度的估计，故选D。 6．A.study B．order C．cover D．fund 答案　C 解析　study学习；order命令；cover覆盖，足以支付；fund资助。根据上文“Her car would need major repairs—repairs that she didn’t have money to”可知，Atherton没有足够的钱来支付修理费用，故选C。 7．A.annoyed B．anxious C．disappointed D．curious 答案　B 解析　annoyed恼怒的；anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；curious好奇的。根据上文可知，车子需要大修，她没有足够的钱，可推理出Atherton在为下一步该怎么办感到焦虑，故选B。 8．A.approached B．consulted C．reminded D．observed 答案　A 解析　approach接近；consult咨询；remind提醒；observe观察。根据下文“She offered to take Atherton to Pittsburgh.”可知，这位女士走近Atherton并提供帮助，故选A。 9．A.excuse B．reason C．purpose D．warning 答案　D 解析　excuse借口；reason理由；purpose目的；warning警示，提醒，忠告。根据下文“the woman’s cat had sickness”可知，这位女士唯一的提醒是她的猫生病了，她不能立即离开，故选D。 10．A.money B．light C．medicine D．clothing 答案　C 解析　money金钱；light光线；medicine药物；clothing衣物。根据上文“the woman’s cat had sickness”可推理出此处说的是猫生病需要的药物，故选C。 11．A.turned down B．put up C．dealt with D．calmed down 答案　B 解析　turn down拒绝；put up提供住宿；deal with处理；calm down冷静下来。根据下文“for the night”，可推理出Toni让Atherton在她家住了一晚，故选B。 12．A.imagining B．rebuilding C．enjoying D．recalling 答案　B 解析　imagine想象；rebuild重建；enjoy享受；recall回忆。根据上文“Once they arrived in the city，Atherton was able to find a homeless shelter”可知，当她们到达匹兹堡，Atherton找到一个收容所，可推理出Atherton开始重建她的生活，故选B。 13．A.possible B．necessary C．normal D．common 答案　A 解析　possible可能的；necessary必要的；normal正常的；common常见的。根据下文“thanked her enough”可推理出此处说的是Atherton认为她再怎么感谢Toni都不够，故选A。 14．A.sadly B．nervously C．accurately D．honestly 答案　D 解析　sadly悲伤地；nervously紧张地；accurately准确地；honestly诚实地，确实。根据下文“don’t know what would have happened if she hadn’t gone so far above and beyond for a complete”可知，如果Toni没有为Atherton做那么多事情，Atherton真的不知道会发生什么，故选D。 15．A.failure B．stranger C．beginner D．onlooker 答案　B 解析　failure失败者；stranger陌生人；beginner初学者；onlooker旁观者。根据上文“a woman in the waiting room”以及空前有complete“完全的”作修饰，可推理出Atherton对于Toni来说是一个完全陌生的人，故选B。 Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2024·四川成都高二上期中) Home to the headwaters of the Yangtze，Yellow，and Lancang rivers，the Sanjiangyuan area on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(青藏高原) 1. (know) as “China’s water tower”．It is 2. unique plateau wetland ecosystem and serves as an important ecological defense for the country. Decades ago，serious 3. (environment) degradation(恶化) in Sanjiangyuan, 4. was caused by climate change and human activities，resulted in a large number of lakes drying out and wildlife numbers falling 5. (sharp)．Great efforts have been made to turn the park 6. a symbol of the progress of China’s ecological civilization.Over the past years，the environment of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau 7. (experience) great changes.Water conservation in the area has risen by 11 percent this year,8. (compare) with 10 years ago.Local people enjoy the gifts given by nature，and the establishment of the national park has enabled them to become its protectors and benefit from it.Some work as tour guides，assisting 9. (visitor) from home and abroad. Today，as people walk on the vast land of Sanjiangyuan,10. (look) at the mountains，glaciers，and lakes，and catching sight of wild animals and birds，they cannot help but be impressed by the vastness and beauty of nature. 1．答案　is known 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为本句谓语动词，描述一般事实，用一般现在时；主语“the Sanjiangyuan area”和动词“know”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语为单数，be动词用is。故填is known。 2．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。修饰名词“plateau wetland ecosystem”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且空后unique的发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。 3．答案　environmental 解析　考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰空后的名词“degradation”。故填environmental。 4．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代先行词degradation，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 5．答案　sharply 解析　考查副词。修饰动词“fall”用副词形式作状语，表示“急剧地”。故填sharply。 6．答案　into 解析　考查介词。固定短语turn...into...意为“将……变成……”，符合句意。故填into。 7．答案　has experienced 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Over the past years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语“the environment”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has experienced。 8．答案　compared 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，compare和逻辑主语“Water conservation”之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填compared。 9．答案　visitors 解析　考查名词复数。根据空后的“from home and abroad”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填visitors。 10．答案　looking 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，look和逻辑主语“people”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填looking。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $