专题04 Unit 4 Everyday economics-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，以“家庭财务决策”主题语境为线索，构建“语境串记语篇-词根拆解-词性变化-应用练习”的层级知识网络。通过词根联想、真题原句解析等任务驱动设计，引导学生从词义、词形到用法自主梳理考点，形成系统的词汇认知体系。 亮点在于自主学习支持与核心素养融合，如“语境复现练习”整合真题改编语法填空，“自我检测”通过记忆链复述模板帮助学生自主诊断词汇掌握情况，培养语言能力和学习能力。写作升级模块引导学生用高频词汇替换普通表达，提升思维品质，教师可通过学生练习反馈精准定位薄弱点，支持个性化复习指导。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：financial / purchase / hire / expense / obstacle / conventional / exceed / accumulate / rational / abuse / bonus / theft （知识点来源：选修四 Unit 4 · Everyday economics + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Every family faces financial decisions, from a daily purchase to the rent of a car. Some choose to hire a consultant, while others watch every expense closely. The biggest obstacle is not a lack of money but a conventional habit of spending first and saving later. When debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow. A rational budget can help, yet emotional shopping may abuse the credit card. The only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and every theft of savings teaches us to be careful. 【中文译文】 每个家庭都面临financial（财务的）决策，从日常purchase（购买）到租车。有人选择hire（雇用）顾问，有人则紧盯每一笔expense（开支）。 最大的obstacle（障碍）不是缺钱，而是“先花后存”的conventional（传统的）习惯。当债务exceed（超过）收入时，小额贷款就像雪球一样accumulate（累积）。 rational（理性的）预算会有帮助，然而情绪化购物可能abuse（滥用）信用卡。错误的唯一bonus（红利）是教训，而每一笔存款的theft（失窃）都教会我们小心。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财务的，金融的 ⚡考点：financial support 资金支持；financial crisis 金融危机；finance n. 金融 2 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买；n. 购买之物 ⚡考点：purchase goods 购买商品；make a purchase 购物；a daily purchase 日常购买 3 hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ v. 租用；雇用 ⚡考点：hire a car 租车；hire sb. to do 雇某人做；hire out 出租 4 expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 开支，费用 ⚡考点：at the expense of 以…为代价；living expenses 生活开支；expensive adj. 昂贵的 5 obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n. 障碍，阻碍 ⚡考点：an obstacle to …的障碍；overcome obstacles 克服障碍；obstacle course 障碍赛 6 conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的，常规的 ⚡考点：conventional wisdom 传统观念；a conventional habit 常规习惯；convention n. 惯例 7 exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过，超出 ⚡考点：exceed the limit 超过限制；exceed income 超出收入；exceeding adj. 超出的 8 accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累，积聚 ⚡考点：accumulate wealth 积累财富；accumulate over time 随时间积累；accumulation n. 积累 9 rational /ˈræʃnəl/ adj. 理性的，合理的 ⚡考点：a rational decision 理性的决定；rational analysis 理性分析；reason n. 理性 10 abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v. 滥用；虐待；n. 滥用 ⚡考点：abuse the credit card 滥用信用卡；drug abuse 滥用药物；abusive adj. 辱骂的 11 bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 奖金，红利；额外的好处 ⚡考点：a bonus for 为…发奖金；a welcome bonus 欢迎礼金；an added bonus 额外好处 12 theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，失窃 ⚡考点：the theft of 失窃…；prevent theft 防止盗窃；thief n. 小偷 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财务的，金融的 【核心考点】 financial是说明文与议论文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①财务的，金融的——financial support（资金支持）、financial crisis（金融危机）、financial situation（财务状况）；②搭配名词——financial problems（财务问题）、a financial decision（财务决策）。派生词：finance n. 金融，财政；financially adv. 在经济上→ financially independent（经济独立）；financier n. 金融家。辨析：financial（财务的，总称）vs economic（经济的，宏观）vs commercial（商业的）vs monetary（货币的）。写作金句：A wise financial decision is not about earning more, but about keeping what you have（明智的财务决策不在于赚得更多，而在于守住已有的）。 【词根联想】 古法语finance"结束，清偿"（fin"结束"）→ 结清账目→ 金融。联想：fin"结束/边界"→ financial（金融的）、finish（完成）、infinite（无限的）。记住：financial = 与账目终结有关的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：financial常与crisis、support、independent构成高频搭配，如financial support to roll it out countrywide（用于全国推广的资金支持，2022新高考I卷原句），阅读与写作中高频。 【真题原句】 （2022新高考I卷·阅读真题）"The charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide."（该慈善机构获得了资金支持，可将这一项目推广到全国。）（真题原句·financial 资金的、财务的） 【搭配词块】 financial support 资金支持 / financial crisis 金融危机 / financial situation 财务状况 / finance n. 金融 2. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买；n. 购买之物 【核心考点】 purchase是说明文与记叙文语篇的高频动词/名词（较正式）。用法要点：①（动词）购买——purchase goods（购买商品）、purchase online（网上购买）——较buy正式；②（名词）购买之物，购买行为——make a purchase（购物）、a daily purchase（日常购买）。派生词：purchaser n. 购买者；purchasable adj. 可购买的。辨析：purchase（购买，正式）vs buy（买，最通用）vs shop for（选购）vs acquire（获得）。写作金句：Not purchasing more than necessary is the first step to a healthy wallet（不购买超出必需之物，是钱包健康的第一步）。 【词根联想】 古法语pourchacier"追求，获得"（pour-"为了"+chacier"追赶"）→ 追逐而得→ 购买。联想：chas"追赶"→ purchase（购买）、chase（追赶）。记住：purchase = 追到手。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：purchase作名词表"购买行为/购买物"，make a purchase（购物）为高频搭配；真题原句not purchasing more food than necessary（不购买超出需要的食物，2022新高考I卷）用动词形式。 【真题原句】 （2022新高考I卷·阅读真题）"Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping."（人人都能为减少浪费出力，比如在每周购物时不购买超出需要的食物。）（真题原句·purchase 购买） 【搭配词块】 purchase goods 购买商品 / make a purchase 购物 / a daily purchase 日常购买 / purchaser n. 购买者 3. hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ v. 租用；雇用 【核心考点】 hire是记叙文与说明文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①租用——hire a car/bike（租车/租自行车）、hire a boat（租船）；②雇用——hire workers（雇用工人）、hire sb. to do（雇某人做）。派生词：hiring n. 雇用；hireling n. 雇佣者（贬）。辨析：hire（租用/雇用，英式）vs rent（租用，较长期）vs employ（雇用，正式）vs lease（租赁，法律）。写作金句：We hired our bikes at the South Gate, and history carried us around the whole wall（我们在南门租了自行车，历史载着我们绕城墙一周）。 【词根联想】 古英语hyrian"雇，租"→ 租用/雇用。联想：hire与rent同义；美式英语中"雇用"更常用hire（英式常用employ）。记住：hire = 出钱用人/用物。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：hire在英式英语中兼表"租用"与"雇用"，hire a bike（租自行车）与hire a worker（雇工人）为高频搭配；2021全国乙卷语法填空原句We hired our bikes（我们租了自行车）考其过去式hired。 【真题原句】 （2021全国乙卷·语法填空真题）"We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate."（我们从南门的出租点租了自行车。）（真题原句·hire 租用） 【搭配词块】 hire a car 租车 / hire sb. to do 雇某人做 / hire out 出租 / hired adj. 被租用的 4. expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 开支，费用 【核心考点】 expense是说明文与议论文语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①开支，费用——living expenses（生活开支）、at the expense of（以…为代价）、at great expense（花费巨大）；②（复数）开支项目——cut expenses（削减开支）。派生词：expensive adj. 昂贵的→ an expensive car（昂贵的车）；expend v. 花费；expenditure n. 支出。辨析：expense（开支，抽象）vs cost（成本/代价）vs spending（花费，动名词）vs charge（收费）。写作金句：Convenience bought at the expense of health is the most expensive bargain of all（以健康为代价换来的便利，是最昂贵的交易）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语expendere"称量支付"（ex-"出"+pendere"称量"）→ 付出→ 花费。联想：pend"称/付"→ expense（开支）、expensive（昂贵的）、spend（花费）。记住：ex + pense = 称出去的钱。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：at the expense of（以…为代价）是高考高频短语，如conveniences at the expense of our health（以我们的健康为代价的便利）——此为真题语料常见搭配，写作中可用于对比论证。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some families watch every expense closely, for small savings grow into great safety."（有些家庭紧盯每一笔开支，因为小储蓄能长成大保障。）（经典原句·expense 开支） 【搭配词块】 at the expense of 以…为代价 / living expenses 生活开支 / cut expenses 削减开支 / expensive adj. 昂贵的 5. obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n. 障碍，阻碍 【核心考点】 obstacle是议论文与记叙文语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①障碍——an obstacle to（…的障碍）、overcome obstacles（克服障碍）、remove the obstacle（清除障碍）；②obstacle course（障碍训练场）。辨析：obstacle（障碍，需克服）vs barrier（屏障，阻隔）vs difficulty（困难）vs hindrance（妨碍）。写作金句：The biggest obstacle to saving is not a small income but a big habit（储蓄最大的障碍不是收入少，而是习惯大）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语obstaculum"障碍物"（obstare"阻挡"，ob-"对面"+stare"站"）→ 挡在面前的东西。联想：ob"对面"+st"站"→ obstacle（障碍）、obstruct（阻塞）。记住：ob + stacle = 挡在面前。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：obstacle后接介词to（an obstacle to progress进步的障碍），to为介词后接名词/动名词，为语法填空易错点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The biggest obstacle is not a lack of money but a habit of spending before saving."（最大的障碍不是缺钱，而是先花后存的习惯。）（经典原句·obstacle 障碍） 【搭配词块】 an obstacle to …的障碍 / overcome obstacles 克服障碍 / remove the obstacle 清除障碍 / obstacle course 障碍训练场 6. conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的，常规的 【核心考点】 conventional是议论文与说明文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①传统的，常规的——conventional wisdom（传统观念）、a conventional habit（常规习惯）、conventional methods（常规方法）；②（引申）因循守旧的——a conventional mind（守旧的头脑）。派生词：convention n. 惯例，大会→ by convention（按照惯例）；conventionally adv. 传统地。辨析：conventional（常规的，符合惯例）vs traditional（传统的，代代相传）vs routine（例行的）vs customary（习惯上的）。写作金句：Conventional wisdom often says spend first and save later, yet the wise do the opposite（传统观念常说先花后存，而明智者反其道而行）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语conventio"集会，约定"（con-"共同"+venire"来"）→ 众人一同认可→ 惯例。联想：ven"来"→ conventional（惯例的）、convention（大会）、event（事件）。记住：con + vent = 共同认可的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conventional wisdom（传统观念/普遍看法）为议论文高频短语，常作被反驳的对象，如Conventional wisdom says..., but new research shows...（传统观念认为……但新研究显示……）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A conventional habit of spending first and saving later can quietly empty a family budget."（先花后存的常规习惯会悄悄掏空家庭预算。）（经典原句·conventional 传统的、常规的） 【搭配词块】 conventional wisdom 传统观念 / a conventional habit 常规习惯 / conventional methods 常规方法 / convention n. 惯例 7. exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过，超出 【核心考点】 exceed是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词（及物）。用法要点：①超过（数量/限度）——exceed the limit（超过限制）、exceed income（超出收入）、exceed expectations（超出预期）；②（引申）超出（权限）——exceed one's authority（越权）。派生词：excess n. 过量→ in excess of（超过）；excessive adj. 过度的→ excessive spending（过度消费）；exceedingly adv. 极其。辨析：exceed（超过，数值/限度）vs surpass（超越，水平/成就）vs overtake（超过，追赶）vs go beyond（超出）。写作金句：When debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow, and spring never seems to come（当债务超过收入，小额贷款如雪累积，春天似乎永不来）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语excedere"走出，越出"（ex-"出"+cedere"走"）→ 走出界限→ 超过。联想：ceed"走"→ exceed（超过）、proceed（前进）、succeed（成功）。记住：ex + ceed = 走出界限。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：exceed的派生词excessive（过度的）与exceedingly（极其）为阅读高频；in excess of（超过）为写作高级表达，如spending in excess of income（超收入的支出）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"When debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow and bury the road ahead."（当债务超过收入，小额贷款如雪累积，掩埋前路。）（经典原句·exceed 超过） 【搭配词块】 exceed the limit 超过限制 / exceed expectations 超出预期 / in excess of 超过 / excessive adj. 过度的 8. accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累，积聚 【核心考点】 accumulate是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①积累，积聚（及物/不及物）——accumulate wealth（积累财富）、accumulate over time（随时间积累）、accumulate knowledge（积累知识）；②（数量）累积——Debts accumulate（债务累积）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：accumulation n. 积累→ the accumulation of（…的积累）；accumulative adj. 累积的。辨析：accumulate（逐渐积累，长时间）vs gather（聚集，人或物）vs collect（收集，有条理）vs amass（积聚，大量）。写作金句：Wealth is not made in one lucky day but accumulated in a thousand careful ones（财富不在一个幸运日里产生，而在千百个谨慎的日子里累积）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语accumulare"堆积"（ad-"向"+cumulus"堆"）→ 堆上去→ 积累。联想：cumul"堆"→ accumulate（积累）、cumulative（累积的）、cumulus（积云）。记住：ac + cumul = 堆成堆。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：accumulate既作及物（accumulate knowledge积累知识）又作不及物（Debts accumulate债务累积），主语为事物时常用不及物，阅读中注意区别。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Small loans accumulate like snow when the payments are delayed, and the mound grows faster than expected."（拖延还款时，小额贷款如雪累积，雪堆比想象中长得更快。）（经典原句·accumulate 积累） 【搭配词块】 accumulate wealth 积累财富 / accumulate knowledge 积累知识 / accumulate over time 随时间积累 / accumulation n. 积累 9. rational /ˈræʃnəl/ adj. 理性的，合理的 【核心考点】 rational是议论文与说明文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①理性的——a rational decision（理性的决定）、rational analysis（理性分析）、a rational mind（理性头脑）；②合理的——rational explanation（合理的解释）。派生词：rationality n. 理性；rationally adv. 理性地；irrational adj. 不理性的。辨析：rational（理性的，基于逻辑）vs reasonable（合理的，适度）vs sensible（明智的）vs logical（合乎逻辑的）。写作金句：A rational analysis of the rewards keeps us from mistaking excitement for wisdom（对回报的理性分析，能防止我们把兴奋误当作智慧）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语rationalis"理性的"（ratio"计算，理由"）→ 讲道理的。联想：ratio"理由/比率"→ rational（理性的）、ratio（比率）、reason（理由）。记住：rational = 讲理由的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rational常与emotional（情绪化的）对举，如a rational analysis of the potential rewards（对潜在回报的理性分析，2024新高考I卷原句）——此为阅读中"理性vs感性"论证的高频结构。 【真题原句】 （2024新高考I卷·阅读真题）"You might want to think about whether your decision is based on a desire for excitement or a rational analysis of the potential rewards."（你可能需要考虑，你的决定是基于对刺激的渴望，还是对潜在回报的理性分析。）（真题原句·rational 理性的） 【搭配词块】 a rational decision 理性的决定 / rational analysis 理性分析 / rationally adv. 理性地 / irrational adj. 不理性的 10. abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v. 滥用；虐待；n. 滥用 【核心考点】 abuse是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词/名词。用法要点：①（动词）滥用——abuse the credit card（滥用信用卡）、abuse one's power（滥用权力）；虐待——abuse children（虐待儿童）；②（名词）滥用——drug abuse（滥用药物）、the abuse of power（权力滥用）。派生词：abusive adj. 辱骂的；abuser n. 滥用者。辨析：abuse（滥用/虐待，程度重）vs misuse（误用，程度轻）vs mistreat（虐待）vs waste（浪费）。写作金句：The credit card is a tool, not a friend, and those who abuse it pay the highest interest of all（信用卡是工具不是朋友，滥用它的人付出最高的利息）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语abusus"过度使用"（ab-"偏离"+uti"用"）→ 偏离正当地用→ 滥用。联想：us"用"→ abuse（滥用）、use（使用）、usage（用法）。记住：ab + use = 用偏了。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：abuse作名词时读音重音前移/ˈəbjuːs/，动词重音在后/əˈbjuːz/，名动重音差异为语音考点；drug abuse（毒品滥用）为新闻与说明文高频搭配。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Emotional shopping may abuse the credit card, and the bill arrives with a lesson attached."（情绪化购物可能滥用信用卡，而账单总是带着教训一起到来。）（经典原句·abuse 滥用） 【搭配词块】 abuse the credit card 滥用信用卡 / drug abuse 滥用药物 / abuse one's power 滥用权力 / abusive adj. 辱骂的 11. bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 奖金，红利；额外的好处 【核心考点】 bonus是说明文与记叙文语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①奖金，红利——a bonus for（为…发放的奖金）、a year-end bonus（年终奖）；②额外的好处——an added bonus（额外的好处）、a welcome bonus（欢迎礼）。辨析：bonus（奖金/额外好处）vs reward（回报，报酬）vs prize（奖品，比赛）vs gift（礼物）。写作金句：The only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and it is the cheapest tuition a person can pay（错误唯一的红利是教训，那是人能付得起的学费）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语bonus"好的"→ 好东西→ 奖金。联想：bon"好"→ bonus（奖金）、bonanza（富矿）、bounty（赏金）。记住：bonus = 好东西。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：bonus常引申为"意外的好处"，如The sunny weather was an added bonus（晴朗的天气是额外的好处），此义在记叙文中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and lessons cost far less than debts."（错误唯一的红利是教训，而教训远比债务便宜。）（经典原句·bonus 奖金、额外的好处） 【搭配词块】 a year-end bonus 年终奖 / a bonus for 为…发奖金 / an added bonus 额外的好处 / a welcome bonus 欢迎礼 12. theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，失窃 【核心考点】 theft是记叙文与说明文语篇的高频名词（不可数/可数）。用法要点：①偷窃，失窃——the theft of sth.（…的失窃）、prevent theft（防止盗窃）、car theft（汽车盗窃）；②搭配——report the theft（报案）。派生词：thief n. 小偷→ thieves（复数）；thieve v. 偷窃。辨析：theft（偷窃行为）vs thief（小偷）vs stealing（偷窃，口语）vs robbery（抢劫，暴力）。写作金句：The theft of a bike hurt his pride more than his pocket, yet the kindness that followed healed both（自行车失窃伤他自尊胜过伤他钱包，而随之而来的善意两者皆愈）。 【词根联想】 古英语þeof"贼"（与thief同源）→ 偷窃。联想：thief"贼"→ theft（偷窃）、thieves（贼，复数）。记住：theft = 贼的行为。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：theft是thief的名词形式（thief→theft），注意拼写变化（ie→e）；2021天津卷完形原句the theft of his mountain bike（他的山地车失窃）为真题语境。 【真题原句】 （2021天津卷·完形真题）"Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September."（罗比·普鲁伊特承认，去年九月发现自己的山地车失窃时他非常生气。）（真题原句·theft 失窃） 【搭配词块】 the theft of …的失窃 / prevent theft 防止盗窃 / report the theft 报案 / thief n. 小偷 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 financial finance (n.) financially (adv.) financier (n.) financial support / financial crisis purchase purchaser (n.) purchasable (adj.) --- purchase goods / make a purchase hire hired (adj.) hiring (n.) hireling (n.) hire a car / hire sb. to do expense expensive (adj.) expend (v.) expenditure (n.) at the expense of / living expenses obstacle --- --- --- an obstacle to / overcome obstacles conventional convention (n.) conventionally (adv.) --- conventional wisdom / conventional methods exceed excess (n.) excessive (adj.) exceedingly (adv.) exceed the limit / in excess of accumulate accumulation (n.) accumulative (adj.) --- accumulate wealth / accumulate over time rational rationality (n.) rationally (adv.) irrational (adj.) a rational decision / rational analysis abuse abusive (adj.) abuser (n.) --- abuse the credit card / drug abuse bonus --- --- --- a year-end bonus / an added bonus theft thief (n.) thieves (n.复数) thieve (v.) the theft of / prevent theft Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国乙卷·语法填空·改编）We ____________ (hiring) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 2.（2021天津卷·完形·改编）He discovered the ____________ (steal) of his mountain bike last September. 3.（2022新高考I卷·阅读·改编）Everyone can play a part in reducing waste by not ____________ (purchases) more food than necessary. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The charity was given ____________ (finance) support to roll it out countrywide. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The biggest ____________ (obstacles) is not a lack of money but a bad habit. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）It is ____________ (convention) to spend first and save later in this family. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）When debts ____________ (exceeding) income, problems begin. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）Small loans ____________ (accumulation) like snow if you delay paying them. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）She made a ____________ (rationally) decision about her budget. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Emotional shopping may ____________ (abusive) the credit card. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The only ____________ (bonuses) of a mistake is the lesson learned. 12.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Every ____________ (thieves) of savings teaches us to be careful. 13.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Watch every ____________ (expenses) carefully this month. 14.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）They decided to ____________ (hiring) a consultant for the project. 15.（2026河南郑州·模拟）Their ____________ (finance) situation improved greatly last year. 【答案】 1. hired 2. theft 3. purchasing 4. financial 5. obstacle 6. conventional 7. exceed 8. accumulate 9. rational 10. abuse 11. bonus 12. theft 13. expense 14. hire 15. financial 【逐题解析】 1. hired — 提示词hiring为动名词，本句缺谓语，叙述过去用一般过去时hired（租用）。 2. theft — 提示词steal为动词，定冠词the与of之间须用名词theft（失窃）。 3. purchasing — 提示词purchases为名词复数，介词by后须用动名词purchasing（购买）。 4. financial — 提示词finance为名词，修饰support须用形容词financial（资金的）。 5. obstacle — 提示词obstacles为复数，定冠词The biggest后须用单数obstacle（障碍）。 6. conventional — 提示词convention为名词，be动词后须用形容词conventional（传统的）。 7. exceed — 提示词exceeding为现在分词，主语Debts为复数，本句缺谓语，用动词原形exceed（超过）。 8. accumulate — 提示词accumulation为名词，主语Small loans为复数，本句缺谓语，用动词原形accumulate（累积）。 9. rational — 提示词rationally为副词，不定冠词a后修饰decision须用形容词rational（理性的）。 10. abuse — 提示词abusive为形容词，情态动词may后须用动词原形abuse（滥用）。 11. bonus — 提示词bonuses为复数，定冠词The only后须用单数bonus（红利）。 12. theft — 提示词thieves为名词复数，Every后须用单数theft（失窃）。 13. expense — 提示词expenses为复数，every后须用单数expense（开支）。 14. hire — 提示词hiring为动名词，decided to后须用动词原形hire（雇用）。 15. financial — 提示词finance为名词，修饰situation须用形容词financial（财务的）。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 每个家庭都面临____________（财务的）决策，从日常____________（购买）到____________（租用）汽车，有人紧盯每一笔____________（开支）。 最大____________（障碍）是"先花后存"的____________（传统的）习惯；债务____________（超过）收入时，贷款如雪____________（累积）。____________（理性的）预算有帮助，但情绪化购物会____________（滥用）信用卡；错误唯一的____________（红利）是教训，每笔存款的____________（失窃）都提醒我们小心。 【答案】 financial; purchase; hire; expense; obstacle; conventional; exceed; accumulate; rational; abuse; bonus; theft Part 7 关联阅读 Every family faces financial decisions, from a daily purchase to the rent of a car, and the choices are rarely easy. Some families choose to hire a consultant who can plan for the future, while others prefer to watch every expense by hand. The young couple in our street once spent freely, buying a new phone each season and dining out every weekend. Their friends admired the bright lifestyle, but no one saw the bills piling up in the drawer. When the fridge broke and the car needed repairs in the same month, they had no savings to fall back on, and the stress soon showed in their faces. The biggest obstacle, they later admitted, was not a lack of money but a conventional habit of spending first and saving later. Every small loan seemed harmless at first, yet when debts exceed income, those loans accumulate like snow on a roof. At first the snow is light, and then one morning the whole house feels heavy. The couple began to change their ways slowly: they made a list before shopping, waited a week before any large purchase, and put a fixed amount into savings on payday. Their friends noticed that they no longer bragged about new things, but their smiles looked steadier than before. It took a full year of discipline before the habit of saving felt natural. A rational budget helped them most, though emotional shopping still tempted them from time to time, and once a careless click almost made them abuse the credit card again. They learned that the only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and that every theft of savings hurts more than the stolen amount. After two years, the couple paid off the debts and bought their first travelling caravan with cash. The neighbours asked how they had managed it, and the wife smiled: we stopped counting our salary and started counting our savings. That small change of habit turned their finances around completely, and today the couple still makes lists before buying, proving that money is tamed by patience, not by luck. 1. What did the young couple in our street once do? A. They hired a consultant to plan for the future. B. They spent freely on phones and dining out. C. They saved a fixed amount on payday every month. D. They watched every expense carefully by hand. 2. What did the couple say was the biggest obstacle to saving? A. A lack of money and a low salary. B. The broken fridge and the old car. C. A conventional habit of spending first and saving later. D. The high cost of hiring a financial consultant. 3. How did the couple change their habits? A. They made a list before shopping and saved on payday. B. They borrowed more money from their friends. C. They stopped paying attention to their bills. D. They bought a new phone every season. 4. What is the main lesson of the passage? A. Families should hire a consultant before any purchase. B. Emotional shopping is the only cause of debt. C. Counting salary matters more than counting savings. D. A change of habit can turn one's finances around. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确——"The young couple in our street once spent freely, buying a new phone each season and dining out every weekend"，这对年轻夫妇曾花钱大手大脚，每季换新手机、每周末外出就餐，与B项完全对应，故选B。A项"雇顾问规划未来"、C项"每月发薪日存钱"、D项"亲手盯紧开支"均为后来改变后的做法。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段点明——"The biggest obstacle... was not a lack of money but a conventional habit of spending first and saving later"，最大障碍不是缺钱而是先花后存的传统习惯，与C项吻合，故选C。A项"缺钱工资低"与原文"not a lack of money"相反；B项"冰箱和汽车"是压垮他们的具体事件；D项"雇顾问费用高"无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段给出改变——"they made a list before shopping, waited a week before any large purchase, and put a fixed amount into savings on payday"，购物前列清单、大额购买前等一周、发薪日固定存款，与A项一致，故选A。B项"向朋友借更多钱"、C项"不再看账单"、D项"每季买新手机"均与原文相反。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文由消费失控写到习惯改变、债务偿清，末段收束——"That small change of habit turned their finances around completely"，习惯的小改变让财务状况完全好转，点明主旨，与D项吻合，故选D。A项"家庭购物前都应雇顾问"过于绝对；B项"情绪化购物是负债唯一原因"片面；C项"数工资比数存款重要"与原文"we stopped counting our salary and started counting our savings"相反。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：financial, purchase, hire, expense, obstacle, conventional, exceed, accumulate, rational, abuse, bonus, theft Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The school needs money support to build a new library. → The school needs ____________ support to build a new library. 2. People often buy things online without seeing them first. → People often ____________ things online without seeing them first. 3. We rented a car for the trip along the coast. → We ____________d a car for the trip along the coast. 4. The cost of living in big cities keeps going up. → ____________s of living in big cities keep going up. 5. Lack of money is not the real difficulty for the family. → Lack of money is not the real ____________ for the family. 6. The usual way of teaching is changing in many schools. → The ____________ way of teaching is changing in many schools. 7. The number of cars on the road has gone beyond one million. → The number of cars on the road has ____________ed one million. 8. Over the years he slowly collected a large amount of knowledge. → Over the years he ____________d a large amount of knowledge. 9. She made a sensible and logical decision after careful thought. → She made a ____________ decision after careful thought. 10. Some drivers use their mobile phones wrongly while driving. → Some drivers ____________ their mobile phones while driving. 11. The cold weather was an extra good thing about our holiday. → The cold weather was an added ____________ about our holiday. 12. The stealing of the painting shocked the whole town. → The ____________ of the painting shocked the whole town. 【答案】 1. financial 2. purchase 3. hire 4. Expenses 5. obstacle 6. conventional 7. exceed 8. accumulate 9. rational 10. abuse 11. bonus 12. theft Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：financial → purchase → hire → expense → obstacle → conventional → exceed → accumulate → rational → abuse → bonus → theft 复述模板（填空）： 家庭面临____________（财务的）决策：日常____________（购买）、____________（租用）汽车、紧盯____________（开支）。 最大____________（障碍）是____________（传统的）"先花后存"；债务____________（超过）收入时贷款____________（累积）。____________（理性的）预算防____________（滥用）信用卡；错误唯一的____________（红利）是教训，每笔____________（失窃）都提醒小心。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：financial; purchase; hire; expense; obstacle; conventional; exceed; accumulate; rational; abuse; bonus; theft 复述模板参考版本： Every family faces financial decisions, from a daily purchase to hiring a car, and each expense must be watched. The biggest obstacle is a conventional habit of spending before saving; when debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow. A rational budget helps, though emotional shopping may abuse the credit card, and the only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, while every theft of savings reminds us to be careful. 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：financial / purchase / hire / expense / obstacle / conventional / exceed / accumulate / rational / abuse / bonus / theft （知识点来源：选修四 Unit 4 · Everyday economics + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Every family faces financial decisions, from a daily purchase to the rent of a car. Some choose to hire a consultant, while others watch every expense closely. The biggest obstacle is not a lack of money but a conventional habit of spending first and saving later. When debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow. A rational budget can help, yet emotional shopping may abuse the credit card. The only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and every theft of savings teaches us to be careful. 【中文译文】 每个家庭都面临financial（财务的）决策，从日常purchase（购买）到租车。有人选择hire（雇用）顾问，有人则紧盯每一笔expense（开支）。 最大的obstacle（障碍）不是缺钱，而是“先花后存”的conventional（传统的）习惯。当债务exceed（超过）收入时，小额贷款就像雪球一样accumulate（累积）。 rational（理性的）预算会有帮助，然而情绪化购物可能abuse（滥用）信用卡。错误的唯一bonus（红利）是教训，而每一笔存款的theft（失窃）都教会我们小心。 Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财务的，金融的 ⚡考点：financial support 资金支持；financial crisis 金融危机；finance n. 金融 2 purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买；n. 购买之物 ⚡考点：purchase goods 购买商品；make a purchase 购物；a daily purchase 日常购买 3 hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ v. 租用；雇用 ⚡考点：hire a car 租车；hire sb. to do 雇某人做；hire out 出租 4 expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 开支，费用 ⚡考点：at the expense of 以…为代价；living expenses 生活开支；expensive adj. 昂贵的 5 obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n. 障碍，阻碍 ⚡考点：an obstacle to …的障碍；overcome obstacles 克服障碍；obstacle course 障碍赛 6 conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的，常规的 ⚡考点：conventional wisdom 传统观念；a conventional habit 常规习惯；convention n. 惯例 7 exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过，超出 ⚡考点：exceed the limit 超过限制；exceed income 超出收入；exceeding adj. 超出的 8 accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累，积聚 ⚡考点：accumulate wealth 积累财富；accumulate over time 随时间积累；accumulation n. 积累 9 rational /ˈræʃnəl/ adj. 理性的，合理的 ⚡考点：a rational decision 理性的决定；rational analysis 理性分析；reason n. 理性 10 abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v. 滥用；虐待；n. 滥用 ⚡考点：abuse the credit card 滥用信用卡；drug abuse 滥用药物；abusive adj. 辱骂的 11 bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 奖金，红利；额外的好处 ⚡考点：a bonus for 为…发奖金；a welcome bonus 欢迎礼金；an added bonus 额外好处 12 theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，失窃 ⚡考点：the theft of 失窃…；prevent theft 防止盗窃；thief n. 小偷 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财务的，金融的 【核心考点】 financial是说明文与议论文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①财务的，金融的——financial support（资金支持）、financial crisis（金融危机）、financial situation（财务状况）；②搭配名词——financial problems（财务问题）、a financial decision（财务决策）。派生词：finance n. 金融，财政；financially adv. 在经济上→ financially independent（经济独立）；financier n. 金融家。辨析：financial（财务的，总称）vs economic（经济的，宏观）vs commercial（商业的）vs monetary（货币的）。写作金句：A wise financial decision is not about earning more, but about keeping what you have（明智的财务决策不在于赚得更多，而在于守住已有的）。 【词根联想】 古法语finance"结束，清偿"（fin"结束"）→ 结清账目→ 金融。联想：fin"结束/边界"→ financial（金融的）、finish（完成）、infinite（无限的）。记住：financial = 与账目终结有关的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：financial常与crisis、support、independent构成高频搭配，如financial support to roll it out countrywide（用于全国推广的资金支持，2022新高考I卷原句），阅读与写作中高频。 【真题原句】 （2022新高考I卷·阅读真题）"The charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide."（该慈善机构获得了资金支持，可将这一项目推广到全国。）（真题原句·financial 资金的、财务的） 【搭配词块】 financial support 资金支持 / financial crisis 金融危机 / financial situation 财务状况 / finance n. 金融 2. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ v. 购买；n. 购买之物 【核心考点】 purchase是说明文与记叙文语篇的高频动词/名词（较正式）。用法要点：①（动词）购买——purchase goods（购买商品）、purchase online（网上购买）——较buy正式；②（名词）购买之物，购买行为——make a purchase（购物）、a daily purchase（日常购买）。派生词：purchaser n. 购买者；purchasable adj. 可购买的。辨析：purchase（购买，正式）vs buy（买，最通用）vs shop for（选购）vs acquire（获得）。写作金句：Not purchasing more than necessary is the first step to a healthy wallet（不购买超出必需之物，是钱包健康的第一步）。 【词根联想】 古法语pourchacier"追求，获得"（pour-"为了"+chacier"追赶"）→ 追逐而得→ 购买。联想：chas"追赶"→ purchase（购买）、chase（追赶）。记住：purchase = 追到手。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：purchase作名词表"购买行为/购买物"，make a purchase（购物）为高频搭配；真题原句not purchasing more food than necessary（不购买超出需要的食物，2022新高考I卷）用动词形式。 【真题原句】 （2022新高考I卷·阅读真题）"Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping."（人人都能为减少浪费出力，比如在每周购物时不购买超出需要的食物。）（真题原句·purchase 购买） 【搭配词块】 purchase goods 购买商品 / make a purchase 购物 / a daily purchase 日常购买 / purchaser n. 购买者 3. hire /ˈhaɪə(r)/ v. 租用；雇用 【核心考点】 hire是记叙文与说明文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①租用——hire a car/bike（租车/租自行车）、hire a boat（租船）；②雇用——hire workers（雇用工人）、hire sb. to do（雇某人做）。派生词：hiring n. 雇用；hireling n. 雇佣者（贬）。辨析：hire（租用/雇用，英式）vs rent（租用，较长期）vs employ（雇用，正式）vs lease（租赁，法律）。写作金句：We hired our bikes at the South Gate, and history carried us around the whole wall（我们在南门租了自行车，历史载着我们绕城墙一周）。 【词根联想】 古英语hyrian"雇，租"→ 租用/雇用。联想：hire与rent同义；美式英语中"雇用"更常用hire（英式常用employ）。记住：hire = 出钱用人/用物。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：hire在英式英语中兼表"租用"与"雇用"，hire a bike（租自行车）与hire a worker（雇工人）为高频搭配；2021全国乙卷语法填空原句We hired our bikes（我们租了自行车）考其过去式hired。 【真题原句】 （2021全国乙卷·语法填空真题）"We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate."（我们从南门的出租点租了自行车。）（真题原句·hire 租用） 【搭配词块】 hire a car 租车 / hire sb. to do 雇某人做 / hire out 出租 / hired adj. 被租用的 4. expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 开支，费用 【核心考点】 expense是说明文与议论文语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①开支，费用——living expenses（生活开支）、at the expense of（以…为代价）、at great expense（花费巨大）；②（复数）开支项目——cut expenses（削减开支）。派生词：expensive adj. 昂贵的→ an expensive car（昂贵的车）；expend v. 花费；expenditure n. 支出。辨析：expense（开支，抽象）vs cost（成本/代价）vs spending（花费，动名词）vs charge（收费）。写作金句：Convenience bought at the expense of health is the most expensive bargain of all（以健康为代价换来的便利，是最昂贵的交易）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语expendere"称量支付"（ex-"出"+pendere"称量"）→ 付出→ 花费。联想：pend"称/付"→ expense（开支）、expensive（昂贵的）、spend（花费）。记住：ex + pense = 称出去的钱。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：at the expense of（以…为代价）是高考高频短语，如conveniences at the expense of our health（以我们的健康为代价的便利）——此为真题语料常见搭配，写作中可用于对比论证。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Some families watch every expense closely, for small savings grow into great safety."（有些家庭紧盯每一笔开支，因为小储蓄能长成大保障。）（经典原句·expense 开支） 【搭配词块】 at the expense of 以…为代价 / living expenses 生活开支 / cut expenses 削减开支 / expensive adj. 昂贵的 5. obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ n. 障碍，阻碍 【核心考点】 obstacle是议论文与记叙文语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①障碍——an obstacle to（…的障碍）、overcome obstacles（克服障碍）、remove the obstacle（清除障碍）；②obstacle course（障碍训练场）。辨析：obstacle（障碍，需克服）vs barrier（屏障，阻隔）vs difficulty（困难）vs hindrance（妨碍）。写作金句：The biggest obstacle to saving is not a small income but a big habit（储蓄最大的障碍不是收入少，而是习惯大）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语obstaculum"障碍物"（obstare"阻挡"，ob-"对面"+stare"站"）→ 挡在面前的东西。联想：ob"对面"+st"站"→ obstacle（障碍）、obstruct（阻塞）。记住：ob + stacle = 挡在面前。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：obstacle后接介词to（an obstacle to progress进步的障碍），to为介词后接名词/动名词，为语法填空易错点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The biggest obstacle is not a lack of money but a habit of spending before saving."（最大的障碍不是缺钱，而是先花后存的习惯。）（经典原句·obstacle 障碍） 【搭配词块】 an obstacle to …的障碍 / overcome obstacles 克服障碍 / remove the obstacle 清除障碍 / obstacle course 障碍训练场 6. conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/ adj. 传统的，常规的 【核心考点】 conventional是议论文与说明文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①传统的，常规的——conventional wisdom（传统观念）、a conventional habit（常规习惯）、conventional methods（常规方法）；②（引申）因循守旧的——a conventional mind（守旧的头脑）。派生词：convention n. 惯例，大会→ by convention（按照惯例）；conventionally adv. 传统地。辨析：conventional（常规的，符合惯例）vs traditional（传统的，代代相传）vs routine（例行的）vs customary（习惯上的）。写作金句：Conventional wisdom often says spend first and save later, yet the wise do the opposite（传统观念常说先花后存，而明智者反其道而行）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语conventio"集会，约定"（con-"共同"+venire"来"）→ 众人一同认可→ 惯例。联想：ven"来"→ conventional（惯例的）、convention（大会）、event（事件）。记住：con + vent = 共同认可的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conventional wisdom（传统观念/普遍看法）为议论文高频短语，常作被反驳的对象，如Conventional wisdom says..., but new research shows...（传统观念认为……但新研究显示……）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A conventional habit of spending first and saving later can quietly empty a family budget."（先花后存的常规习惯会悄悄掏空家庭预算。）（经典原句·conventional 传统的、常规的） 【搭配词块】 conventional wisdom 传统观念 / a conventional habit 常规习惯 / conventional methods 常规方法 / convention n. 惯例 7. exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v. 超过，超出 【核心考点】 exceed是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词（及物）。用法要点：①超过（数量/限度）——exceed the limit（超过限制）、exceed income（超出收入）、exceed expectations（超出预期）；②（引申）超出（权限）——exceed one's authority（越权）。派生词：excess n. 过量→ in excess of（超过）；excessive adj. 过度的→ excessive spending（过度消费）；exceedingly adv. 极其。辨析：exceed（超过，数值/限度）vs surpass（超越，水平/成就）vs overtake（超过，追赶）vs go beyond（超出）。写作金句：When debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow, and spring never seems to come（当债务超过收入，小额贷款如雪累积，春天似乎永不来）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语excedere"走出，越出"（ex-"出"+cedere"走"）→ 走出界限→ 超过。联想：ceed"走"→ exceed（超过）、proceed（前进）、succeed（成功）。记住：ex + ceed = 走出界限。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：exceed的派生词excessive（过度的）与exceedingly（极其）为阅读高频；in excess of（超过）为写作高级表达，如spending in excess of income（超收入的支出）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"When debts exceed income, small loans accumulate like snow and bury the road ahead."（当债务超过收入，小额贷款如雪累积，掩埋前路。）（经典原句·exceed 超过） 【搭配词块】 exceed the limit 超过限制 / exceed expectations 超出预期 / in excess of 超过 / excessive adj. 过度的 8. accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ v. 积累，积聚 【核心考点】 accumulate是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①积累，积聚（及物/不及物）——accumulate wealth（积累财富）、accumulate over time（随时间积累）、accumulate knowledge（积累知识）；②（数量）累积——Debts accumulate（债务累积）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：accumulation n. 积累→ the accumulation of（…的积累）；accumulative adj. 累积的。辨析：accumulate（逐渐积累，长时间）vs gather（聚集，人或物）vs collect（收集，有条理）vs amass（积聚，大量）。写作金句：Wealth is not made in one lucky day but accumulated in a thousand careful ones（财富不在一个幸运日里产生，而在千百个谨慎的日子里累积）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语accumulare"堆积"（ad-"向"+cumulus"堆"）→ 堆上去→ 积累。联想：cumul"堆"→ accumulate（积累）、cumulative（累积的）、cumulus（积云）。记住：ac + cumul = 堆成堆。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：accumulate既作及物（accumulate knowledge积累知识）又作不及物（Debts accumulate债务累积），主语为事物时常用不及物，阅读中注意区别。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Small loans accumulate like snow when the payments are delayed, and the mound grows faster than expected."（拖延还款时，小额贷款如雪累积，雪堆比想象中长得更快。）（经典原句·accumulate 积累） 【搭配词块】 accumulate wealth 积累财富 / accumulate knowledge 积累知识 / accumulate over time 随时间积累 / accumulation n. 积累 9. rational /ˈræʃnəl/ adj. 理性的，合理的 【核心考点】 rational是议论文与说明文语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①理性的——a rational decision（理性的决定）、rational analysis（理性分析）、a rational mind（理性头脑）；②合理的——rational explanation（合理的解释）。派生词：rationality n. 理性；rationally adv. 理性地；irrational adj. 不理性的。辨析：rational（理性的，基于逻辑）vs reasonable（合理的，适度）vs sensible（明智的）vs logical（合乎逻辑的）。写作金句：A rational analysis of the rewards keeps us from mistaking excitement for wisdom（对回报的理性分析，能防止我们把兴奋误当作智慧）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语rationalis"理性的"（ratio"计算，理由"）→ 讲道理的。联想：ratio"理由/比率"→ rational（理性的）、ratio（比率）、reason（理由）。记住：rational = 讲理由的。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：rational常与emotional（情绪化的）对举，如a rational analysis of the potential rewards（对潜在回报的理性分析，2024新高考I卷原句）——此为阅读中"理性vs感性"论证的高频结构。 【真题原句】 （2024新高考I卷·阅读真题）"You might want to think about whether your decision is based on a desire for excitement or a rational analysis of the potential rewards."（你可能需要考虑，你的决定是基于对刺激的渴望，还是对潜在回报的理性分析。）（真题原句·rational 理性的） 【搭配词块】 a rational decision 理性的决定 / rational analysis 理性分析 / rationally adv. 理性地 / irrational adj. 不理性的 10. abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v. 滥用；虐待；n. 滥用 【核心考点】 abuse是说明文与议论文语篇的高频动词/名词。用法要点：①（动词）滥用——abuse the credit card（滥用信用卡）、abuse one's power（滥用权力）；虐待——abuse children（虐待儿童）；②（名词）滥用——drug abuse（滥用药物）、the abuse of power（权力滥用）。派生词：abusive adj. 辱骂的；abuser n. 滥用者。辨析：abuse（滥用/虐待，程度重）vs misuse（误用，程度轻）vs mistreat（虐待）vs waste（浪费）。写作金句：The credit card is a tool, not a friend, and those who abuse it pay the highest interest of all（信用卡是工具不是朋友，滥用它的人付出最高的利息）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语abusus"过度使用"（ab-"偏离"+uti"用"）→ 偏离正当地用→ 滥用。联想：us"用"→ abuse（滥用）、use（使用）、usage（用法）。记住：ab + use = 用偏了。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：abuse作名词时读音重音前移/ˈəbjuːs/，动词重音在后/əˈbjuːz/，名动重音差异为语音考点；drug abuse（毒品滥用）为新闻与说明文高频搭配。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Emotional shopping may abuse the credit card, and the bill arrives with a lesson attached."（情绪化购物可能滥用信用卡，而账单总是带着教训一起到来。）（经典原句·abuse 滥用） 【搭配词块】 abuse the credit card 滥用信用卡 / drug abuse 滥用药物 / abuse one's power 滥用权力 / abusive adj. 辱骂的 11. bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 奖金，红利；额外的好处 【核心考点】 bonus是说明文与记叙文语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①奖金，红利——a bonus for（为…发放的奖金）、a year-end bonus（年终奖）；②额外的好处——an added bonus（额外的好处）、a welcome bonus（欢迎礼）。辨析：bonus（奖金/额外好处）vs reward（回报，报酬）vs prize（奖品，比赛）vs gift（礼物）。写作金句：The only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and it is the cheapest tuition a person can pay（错误唯一的红利是教训，那是人能付得起的学费）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语bonus"好的"→ 好东西→ 奖金。联想：bon"好"→ bonus（奖金）、bonanza（富矿）、bounty（赏金）。记住：bonus = 好东西。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：bonus常引申为"意外的好处"，如The sunny weather was an added bonus（晴朗的天气是额外的好处），此义在记叙文中高频。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and lessons cost far less than debts."（错误唯一的红利是教训，而教训远比债务便宜。）（经典原句·bonus 奖金、额外的好处） 【搭配词块】 a year-end bonus 年终奖 / a bonus for 为…发奖金 / an added bonus 额外的好处 / a welcome bonus 欢迎礼 12. theft /θeft/ n. 偷窃，失窃 【核心考点】 theft是记叙文与说明文语篇的高频名词（不可数/可数）。用法要点：①偷窃，失窃——the theft of sth.（…的失窃）、prevent theft（防止盗窃）、car theft（汽车盗窃）；②搭配——report the theft（报案）。派生词：thief n. 小偷→ thieves（复数）；thieve v. 偷窃。辨析：theft（偷窃行为）vs thief（小偷）vs stealing（偷窃，口语）vs robbery（抢劫，暴力）。写作金句：The theft of a bike hurt his pride more than his pocket, yet the kindness that followed healed both（自行车失窃伤他自尊胜过伤他钱包，而随之而来的善意两者皆愈）。 【词根联想】 古英语þeof"贼"（与thief同源）→ 偷窃。联想：thief"贼"→ theft（偷窃）、thieves（贼，复数）。记住：theft = 贼的行为。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：theft是thief的名词形式（thief→theft），注意拼写变化（ie→e）；2021天津卷完形原句the theft of his mountain bike（他的山地车失窃）为真题语境。 【真题原句】 （2021天津卷·完形真题）"Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got mad when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September."（罗比·普鲁伊特承认，去年九月发现自己的山地车失窃时他非常生气。）（真题原句·theft 失窃） 【搭配词块】 the theft of …的失窃 / prevent theft 防止盗窃 / report the theft 报案 / thief n. 小偷 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 financial finance (n.) financially (adv.) financier (n.) financial support / financial crisis purchase purchaser (n.) purchasable (adj.) --- purchase goods / make a purchase hire hired (adj.) hiring (n.) hireling (n.) hire a car / hire sb. to do expense expensive (adj.) expend (v.) expenditure (n.) at the expense of / living expenses obstacle --- --- --- an obstacle to / overcome obstacles conventional convention (n.) conventionally (adv.) --- conventional wisdom / conventional methods exceed excess (n.) excessive (adj.) exceedingly (adv.) exceed the limit / in excess of accumulate accumulation (n.) accumulative (adj.) --- accumulate wealth / accumulate over time rational rationality (n.) rationally (adv.) irrational (adj.) a rational decision / rational analysis abuse abusive (adj.) abuser (n.) --- abuse the credit card / drug abuse bonus --- --- --- a year-end bonus / an added bonus theft thief (n.) thieves (n.复数) thieve (v.) the theft of / prevent theft Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国乙卷·语法填空·改编）We ____________ (hiring) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 2.（2021天津卷·完形·改编）He discovered the ____________ (steal) of his mountain bike last September. 3.（2022新高考I卷·阅读·改编）Everyone can play a part in reducing waste by not ____________ (purchases) more food than necessary. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）The charity was given ____________ (finance) support to roll it out countrywide. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）The biggest ____________ (obstacles) is not a lack of money but a bad habit. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）It is ____________ (convention) to spend first and save later in this family. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）When debts ____________ (exceeding) income, problems begin. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）Small loans ____________ (accumulation) like snow if you delay paying them. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）She made a ____________ (rationally) decision about her budget. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Emotional shopping may ____________ (abusive) the credit card. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The only ____________ (bonuses) of a mistake is the lesson learned. 12.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Every ____________ (thieves) of savings teaches us to be careful. 13.（2026陕西西安·模拟）Watch every ____________ (expenses) carefully this month. 14.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）They decided to ____________ (hiring) a consultant for the project. 15.（2026河南郑州·模拟）Their ____________ (finance) situation improved greatly last year. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 每个家庭都面临____________（财务的）决策，从日常____________（购买）到____________（租用）汽车，有人紧盯每一笔____________（开支）。 最大____________（障碍）是"先花后存"的____________（传统的）习惯；债务____________（超过）收入时，贷款如雪____________（累积）。____________（理性的）预算有帮助，但情绪化购物会____________（滥用）信用卡；错误唯一的____________（红利）是教训，每笔存款的____________（失窃）都提醒我们小心。 Part 7 关联阅读 Every family faces financial decisions, from a daily purchase to the rent of a car, and the choices are rarely easy. Some families choose to hire a consultant who can plan for the future, while others prefer to watch every expense by hand. The young couple in our street once spent freely, buying a new phone each season and dining out every weekend. Their friends admired the bright lifestyle, but no one saw the bills piling up in the drawer. When the fridge broke and the car needed repairs in the same month, they had no savings to fall back on, and the stress soon showed in their faces. The biggest obstacle, they later admitted, was not a lack of money but a conventional habit of spending first and saving later. Every small loan seemed harmless at first, yet when debts exceed income, those loans accumulate like snow on a roof. At first the snow is light, and then one morning the whole house feels heavy. The couple began to change their ways slowly: they made a list before shopping, waited a week before any large purchase, and put a fixed amount into savings on payday. Their friends noticed that they no longer bragged about new things, but their smiles looked steadier than before. It took a full year of discipline before the habit of saving felt natural. A rational budget helped them most, though emotional shopping still tempted them from time to time, and once a careless click almost made them abuse the credit card again. They learned that the only bonus of a mistake is the lesson, and that every theft of savings hurts more than the stolen amount. After two years, the couple paid off the debts and bought their first travelling caravan with cash. The neighbours asked how they had managed it, and the wife smiled: we stopped counting our salary and started counting our savings. That small change of habit turned their finances around completely, and today the couple still makes lists before buying, proving that money is tamed by patience, not by luck. 1. What did the young couple in our street once do? A. They hired a consultant to plan for the future. B. They spent freely on phones and dining out. C. They saved a fixed amount on payday every month. D. They watched every expense carefully by hand. 2. What did the couple say was the biggest obstacle to saving? A. A lack of money and a low salary. B. The broken fridge and the old car. C. A conventional habit of spending first and saving later. D. The high cost of hiring a financial consultant. 3. How did the couple change their habits? A. They made a list before shopping and saved on payday. B. They borrowed more money from their friends. C. They stopped paying attention to their bills. D. They bought a new phone every season. 4. What is the main lesson of the passage? A. Families should hire a consultant before any purchase. B. Emotional shopping is the only cause of debt. C. Counting salary matters more than counting savings. D. A change of habit can turn one's finances around. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：financial, purchase, hire, expense, obstacle, conventional, exceed, accumulate, rational, abuse, bonus, theft Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. The school needs money support to build a new library. → The school needs ____________ support to build a new library. 2. People often buy things online without seeing them first. → People often ____________ things online without seeing them first. 3. We rented a car for the trip along the coast. → We ____________d a car for the trip along the coast. 4. The cost of living in big cities keeps going up. → ____________s of living in big cities keep going up. 5. Lack of money is not the real difficulty for the family. → Lack of money is not the real ____________ for the family. 6. The usual way of teaching is changing in many schools. → The ____________ way of teaching is changing in many schools. 7. The number of cars on the road has gone beyond one million. → The number of cars on the road has ____________ed one million. 8. Over the years he slowly collected a large amount of knowledge. → Over the years he ____________d a large amount of knowledge. 9. She made a sensible and logical decision after careful thought. → She made a ____________ decision after careful thought. 10. Some drivers use their mobile phones wrongly while driving. → Some drivers ____________ their mobile phones while driving. 11. The cold weather was an extra good thing about our holiday. → The cold weather was an added ____________ about our holiday. 12. The stealing of the painting shocked the whole town. → The ____________ of the painting shocked the whole town. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：financial → purchase → hire → expense → obstacle → conventional → exceed → accumulate → rational → abuse → bonus → theft 复述模板（填空）： 家庭面临____________（财务的）决策：日常____________（购买）、____________（租用）汽车、紧盯____________（开支）。 最大____________（障碍）是____________（传统的）"先花后存"；债务____________（超过）收入时贷款____________（累积）。____________（理性的）预算防____________（滥用）信用卡；错误唯一的____________（红利）是教训，每笔____________（失窃）都提醒小心。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $