内容正文:
译林英语八上Unit2语法讲解及习题:
数量比较与同级比较、国籍后缀构词法
第一部分 核心语法一:数量比较与同级比较
一、语法总述
本单元比较级分为数量比较和同级比较两大核心考点,区别于Unit1的形容词性质比较,重点针对名词数量、时间、容量等内容进行对比。数量比较侧重可数/不可数名词的多少差异,同级比较侧重事物属性一致或不及的关系。
二、知识点一:数量比较(核心区分可数/不可数)
数量比较依托more/fewer/less三组限定词,区分两者对比(比较级)和三者及以上对比(最高级),核心难点:严格区分可数名词与不可数名词搭配,不可混用。
1. 比较级(两者对比)
• more ... than:可通用,既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,表“比……更多”
例句:I have more books than you.(我比你书多);She has more time than me.(她比我时间多)
• fewer ... than:仅限可数名词复数,表“比……更少”
例句:He has fewer classmates than I.(他的同学比我少)
• less ... than:仅限不可数名词,表“比……更少”
例句:We have less homework on weekends than on weekdays.(我们周末作业比工作日少)
2. 最高级(三者及以上对比)
• the most:通用,修饰可数/不可数名词,表“最多的”
例句:Tom has the most toys among all kids.(所有孩子里汤姆的玩具最多)
• the fewest:仅修饰可数名词复数,表“最少的”
例句:This class has the fewest students in our grade.(这个班是年级人数最少的)
• the least:仅修饰不可数名词,表“最少的”
例句:He spends the least time on study.(他花在学习上的时间最少)
3. 核心易错口诀
可数多少用more/fewer,不可多少用more/less;最高级必带the,范围标志in/of不能少。
三、知识点二:同级比较(as...as 句型)
同级比较无等级差异,用于描述人或事物属性、程度相同或不及,可修饰形容词、副词,适配所有比较场景,不受数量限制。
1. 肯定结构
结构:A + 谓语 + as + 原级(adj./adv.) + as + B
含义:A和B一样……
例句:This park is as beautiful as that one.(这个公园和那个一样美);He runs as fast as his brother.(他和他哥哥跑得一样快)
2. 否定结构
结构:A + 谓语 + not as/so + 原级(adj./adv.) + as + B
含义:A不如B……
例句:Winter is not so warm as spring.(冬天不如春天温暖)
3. 必考注意点
① 中间必须用形容词/副词原级,禁止用比较级、最高级;② 否定句中as可替换为so,肯定句只能用as;③ 可结合数量句型混用,适配综合题型。
第二部分 核心语法二:国籍后缀构词法(-ish/-ian/-ese/-n)
一、语法总述
本组后缀是名词变形核心考点,通过固定后缀将国家/地区名词转化为国籍形容词、国人名词、国家语言名词,四类后缀分工明确、变形固定,主要考查词形转换、选词填空、句子运用,变形无特殊不规则变化,记忆性较强。
二、四大后缀精讲
1. 后缀 -ish
适配国家:Spain(西班牙)、Sweden(瑞典)
变形:Spain→Spanish;Sweden→Swedish
词义:形容词(某国的)、名词(国人、语言)
例句:I love Spanish music.(我喜欢西班牙音乐);She can speak Swedish.(她会说瑞典语)
2. 后缀 -ian
适配国家:America(美国)、Canada(加拿大)、Australia(澳大利亚)、Hungary(匈牙利)
变形:America→American;Canada→Canadian;Australia→Australian
词义:某国的;国人
例句:This Canadian boy is my deskmate.(这个加拿大男孩是我的同桌)
3. 后缀 -ese
适配国家:China(中国)、Vietnam(越南)、Japan(日本)
变形:China→Chinese;Vietnam→Vietnamese;Japan→Japanese
核心特点:单复数同形,无需变形
例句:Many foreigners like Chinese food.(很多外国人喜欢中国食物)
4. 后缀 -n
适配国家:Russia(俄罗斯)、Italy(意大利)
变形:Russia→Russian;Italy→Italian
词义:某国的;国人;语言
例句:He is learning Italian for his trip.(他为旅行学习意大利语)
三、易错点
1. 国家名词≠国籍名词,做题禁止直接混用(如America表国家,American表美国人/美国的);
2. -ese类单词单复数一致,不能加s;
3. 后缀变形固定,无删减字母情况,严格按规则拼写。
第三部分 综合专项练习题
题型一:单项选择
1. This classroom has ______ desks than that one, it’s more spacious.
A. fewer B. less C. fewest D. least
2. My free time is not ______ much ______ yours on weekdays.
A. as; so B. so; as C. more; as D. less; as
3. Among all the students, Lily spends the ______ time on homework, so she finishes earliest.
A. fewest B. least C. most D. more
4. He is a ______ teacher and teaches us ______ culture.
A. Canada; Canadian B. Canadian; Canadian C. Canada; Canada D. Canadian; Canada
5. We have ______ storybooks than before, so we read more.
A. more B. less C. fewer D. most
6. This movie is ______ exciting ______ the one we watched last week.
A. as; than B. so; than C. as; as D. more; as
7. Of all the subjects, I have the ______ homework of all.
A. least B. fewest C. less D. fewer
8. She can speak ______ because she comes from Spain.
A. Spain B. Spanish C. Swedish D. Sweden
9. Tom’s school has ______ buildings than Nancy’s school.
A. much B. more C. many D. most
10. The weather here is ______ good ______ that in Sanya.
A. not as; so B. not so; as C. no as; as D. no so; as
题型二:词形填空
用括号内单词的正确形式填空,结合数量比较、同级比较、国籍后缀变形
11. I have ______ (few) pens than my deskmate.
12. This shop has the ______ (much) goods in this street.
13. Water in this cup is ______ (little) than that in the bottle.
14. This game is as ______ (interest) as that one.
15. She is a ______ (Australia) student studying in China.
16. We have ______ (many) new classmates than last term.
17. This book is not as ______ (thick) as the dictionary.
18. He likes ______ (Italy) food very much.
题型三:句型转换
按要求改写句子,每空一词
19. Jack has 6 pens. Mike has 4 pens.(合并句子)
Mike has ______ pens ______ Jack.
20. My bag is heavy. Your bag is also heavy.(用as...as合并)
My bag is ______ ______ ______ yours.
21. His school has the most playground space.(改为比较级)
His school has ______ playground space ______ any other school.
22. This dress is not so beautiful as that one.(同义句转换)
That dress is ______ ______ this one.
23. I have less juice than you.(改为最高级)
I have ______ ______ juice of all.
24. Her room is as clean as mine.(改为否定句)
Her room is ______ ______ ______ ______ mine.
25. No one has more books than her in our class.(改为最高级)
She has ______ ______ books in our class.
题型四:短文填空
阅读短文,用所给词的正确形式填空,综合运用本单元全部语法
My school life is wonderful. My school has (26) ______ (many) classrooms than most schools nearby, but it has (27) ______ (little) playground space than theirs. Our homework is not (28) ______ (hard) as that of Grade 9. We have (29) ______ (few) exams than last year.
We have many foreign teachers. A (30) ______ (Russia) teacher teaches us art, and two (31) ______ (Canada) teachers teach us English. We also have a (32) ______ (Vietnam) classmate. I think our school life is the (33) ______ (colourful) of all.
第四部分 参考答案
题型一:单项选择
1. A 解析:desks为可数名词复数,than表比较,更少的用fewer。
2. B 解析:同级比较否定结构 not so/as...as,固定搭配。
3. B 解析:time为不可数名词,all表三者及以上最高级范围;结合后半句“she finishes earliest(完成得最早)”的语境,说明花费时间最少,仅least(最少的)符合语义,为唯一正确答案。most语义与语境矛盾,故排除。
4. B 解析:Canadian为形容词,修饰名词teacher和culture,表“加拿大的”。
5. A 解析:than表比较,结合后文读得多,可知有更多故事书,books可数用more。
6.C 解析:同级比较肯定结构 as+原级+as,固定句型。
7. A 解析:homework为不可数名词,of all表最高级范围,用the least。
8. B 解析:西班牙对应的语言/国人形容词为Spanish,Spain为国家名不可用。
9. B 解析:buildings可数复数,than表比较,更多的用more。
10. B 解析:同级比较否定式固定用法 not so...as,为固定搭配。
题型二:词形填空
11. fewer 解析:pens可数名词,than提示比较级,用fewer。
12. most 解析:in this street表范围,much最高级the most,题干省略the。
13. less 解析:water不可数名词,than提示比较级,little比较级为less。
14. interesting 解析:as...as中间用形容词原级,修饰事物用interesting。
15. Australian 解析:修饰名词student,用澳大利亚的形容词形式。
16. more 解析:classmates可数名词,than提示比较级,many比较级more。
17. thick 解析:as...as中间固定用形容词原级。
18. Italian 解析:修饰食物,用意大利的形容词形式Italian。
题型三:句型转换
19. fewer; than 解析:迈克钢笔更少,可数名词比较用fewer than。
20. as heavy as 解析:同级比较肯定结构,两者一样重。
21. more; than 解析:最高级转换为比较级,more修饰不可数名词space。
22. more beautiful than 解析:不如……漂亮,反向转换为比较级结构。
23. the least 解析:不可数名词juice,最高级用the least。
24. not as/so clean as 解析:同级比较直接改为否定形式。
25. the most 解析:三者以上范围,many最高级the most修饰可数名词。
题型四:短文填空
26. more 解析:classrooms可数,than提示比较级,用more。
27. less 解析:space不可数,than提示比较级,用less。
28. hard 解析:not as...as中间用形容词原级。
29. fewer 解析:exams可数,than提示比较级,用fewer。
30. Russian 解析:修饰老师,用俄罗斯的形容词形式。
31. Canadian 解析:修饰老师,用加拿大的形容词形式。
32. Vietnamese 解析:修饰同学,用越南的形容词形式。
33. most colourful 解析:of all表最高级范围,多音节词最高级加most。
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