Unit 2 Exploring English 单元测试卷（基础版）-2026-2027学年高一英语外研版必修第一册

2026-2027学年外研版英语Unit 2 单元测试卷（基础版）答案 1．C 2．A 3．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】语言与文化 、应用文 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要讲述了学习不同外语所需要的平均学习时间，以及这些语言的一些特点。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are a few examples, ranked in order of the number of hours it takes the average English speakers to master them from lowest to highest”（这里有一些例子，按照平均英语使用者掌握它们所需的时间从低到高进行排名）可推知，这篇文章是为英语使用者准备的，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because Greek is also a language that’s contributed numerous words to English.”（因为希腊语也是对英语词汇有很大贡献的一种语言）可推知，希腊语对英语词汇有很大贡献，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“There’s an interesting story about a pharmaceutical（制药）company that advertised painkiller with three pictures. The left picture depicted a woman with a headache. The middle one showed her swallowing the pill and the right one had her smiling after the pain had disappeared. It worked everywhere except in the Arab world, which read it from right to left.”（有一个有趣的故事，一家制药公司用三张照片宣传止痛药。左图描绘了一个头痛的女人。中间的照片是她吞下药片的样子，右边的照片是她在疼痛消失后的微笑。除了阿拉伯语，它在任何地方都是有效的，阿拉伯语从右到左阅读它。）可推知，阿拉伯语的特殊之处在于它的阅读习惯，故选B。 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、语言与文化 【导语】文章主要介绍了语用语言能力的含义，麻省理工学院教授Evelina Fedorenko团队针对语用能力开展的研究，划分出三类语用技能，同时说明了该项研究的意义与后续研究方向。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Understanding everyday conversation requires more than just knowing the literal meanings of words; it includes understanding the context in which they are spoken.(理解日常对话不仅仅需要知晓单词的字面意思，还需要理解话语所处的语境。)”以及“This ability to work out the real meaning from non-literal language is known as pragmatic (语用的) language ability, which includes understanding sarcasm, metaphors, and white lies.(这种从非字面表述中领会真实含义的能力，被称作语用语言能力，其中包含理解反讽、隐喻以及善意的谎言。)”可知，语用语言能力能够帮助人们读懂文字字面之外的深层含义。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Their study of 800 people identified three main groups of pragmatic skills: guesses based on social traditions and rules, knowledge of how the physical world works, and explaining differences in voice, which can indicate stress or emotion.(他们对800人开展的研究划分出三大类语用技能：依托社会传统与规则进行推断、依托客观世界运行常识推断、解读能够体现压力或情绪的语气差异。)”可知，语用技能是依托三种不同类型的推断形成的。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, the phrase ‘people are leaving’ can mean the party is ending if it’s late, or the party isn’t good if it’s early.(例如短语‘人们都离开了’，时间很晚时意为派对即将结束，时间尚早时则代表派对体验很差。)”可知，相同语句在不同语境下拥有不同隐含含义，语境决定话语的深层意思。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Understanding everyday conversation requires more than just knowing the literal meanings of words; it includes understanding the context in which they are spoken.(理解日常对话不仅仅需要知晓单词的字面意思，还需要理解话语所处的语境。)”可知，文章开篇点明语境是读懂语言的关键，后文全部围绕语境与语言理解、语用能力研究展开论述，核心主旨为依托语境才能真正理解语言；B选项“Language Is Understood Through Context(依托语境，方能读懂语言)”最能概括文章大意。 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．B 【难度】0.75 【知识点】说明文、语言与文化 【导语】文章围绕英国人见面常聊天气这一现象，介绍两位学者的不同观点，最终指出英式天气闲聊并非谈论天气，而是打破拘谨、维系社交的交流方式。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.”(众所周知，任何一场英国人对话都会以谈论天气作为开场。这种对天气的执着关注在约翰逊博士的名言中得到了体现，他说：“当两个英国人相遇时，他们首先谈论的话题就是天气。”)”可知，作者提到约翰逊博士的评论旨在说明英国人见面总是以谈论天气开始。 9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.(人们关注的并非这些现象本身，而是其中所蕴含的不确定性)”可知，杰里米·帕克斯曼认为英国人谈论天气是因为天气的不确定性。 10．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain(英格兰的天气变化无常、充满不确定性)”以及后文“the English as well as the outsider(英国人和外国人)”可知，英国的天气变化无常，既吸引了英国人，也吸引了外地人。由此可知，draw意为“吸引”，和attract意思接近。 11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak.(尽管约翰逊的这一观察在如今依然准确无误，但人们却无法给出一个合理的解释来说明这种有关天气的表述在英语中的运用情况)”以及全文从英国人见面打招呼最常问天气引入主题，为什么英国人那么喜欢以天气为话题，通过对两个常见的错误观点的介绍，继而深层分析其文化根源——日常问候的方式、一种社会纽带推测，故作者撰写这篇文章的主要目的是解释英语中的天气表达方式是关于什么。 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】说明文、语言与文化 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了方言作为文化资源的价值、当前面临消亡的现状、年轻人放弃使用方言的原因，以及学者对方言保护的研究与观点。 【详解】12．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Dialects are also an essential material to study the history of a country’s language and its evolution, making up for lack of documents.(方言也是研究一个国家语言历史及其演变的重要材料，弥补了文献的不足。)” 可知，方言被认为有价值是因为它们记录了一个国家语言的发展，故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“Xu Kaifei, a new media journalist who has a 7-year-old son, finds that Hainanese is not being spoken by the younger generation: “Children do not use the dialect, and some can’t even understand it.”(有一个7岁儿子的新媒体记者徐开飞发现，年轻一代不再说海南话：“孩子们不用这种方言，有些甚至听不懂。”)” 可知，提到徐开飞的儿子是为了展示年轻一代方言的流失情况，故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据原文第四段“Due to education and work, where standard Chinese is used, many young people who spoke dialects have turned to standard Chinese. Some think speaking only a dialect is a barrier to finding jobs in cities, where standard Chinese is widely used. So, they stop using their native tongue. In many families, the parents guide the switch for their children.(由于教育和工作中使用标准汉语，许多说方言的年轻人转向了标准汉语。一些人认为只说方言是在城市找工作的障碍，而标准汉语在城市被广泛使用。所以，他们停止使用母语。在许多家庭，父母引导孩子进行这种转变。)” 可知，“the switch”指的是放弃母语，转而使用标准汉语，故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据原文第五段““Villages are the best sites as their dialects are well preserved, thanks to the small-scale input of outsiders,” he said.(他说：“乡村是最佳地点，因为这里的方言被完好地保存了下来，这得益于外来人员的少量涌入。”)” 可知，赵日新的话暗示了在外来者较少的地区，方言得到了更好的保护，故选C。 16．D 17．A 18．G 19．F 20．E 【难度】0.65 【知识点】说明文、学习、语言学习策略 【导语】文章主要介绍了提高阅读理解能力的四个实用技巧。 【详解】16．根据上文“Reading comprehension is a key skill for students, especially for senior high school students preparing for exams.(阅读理解是学生的一项关键技能，尤其是对于准备考试的高中学生来说)”及下文“Here are some practical tips to help you improve your reading comprehension skills effectively.(以下是一些实用的技巧，能帮助您有效地提高阅读理解能力)”可知，本文话题是阅读理解，前文指阅读理解是高中生重要技能，后文给出具体技巧。D. Reading comprehension is not difficult if you have good methods.(如果方法得当，阅读理解并非难事)符合语境，引出下文的具体方法。 17．根据上文“First of all, preview the passage before reading it carefully.(首先，在仔细阅读之前先预览文章)”和下文“You can read the title, the first and last paragraphs, and the headings of each part.(您可以阅读标题、开头和结尾段落，以及每个部分的标题)”可知，本段建议在仔细读文章之前快速预览。A. Previewing can save you a lot of time.(预览可以节省您大量时间)符合语境，说明快速预览的好处。 18．根据上文“While reading, pay attention to the key words and sentences. Key words usually include nouns, verbs and adjectives that carry important information.(在阅读时，要关注关键词和句子。关键词通常包括包含重要信息的名词、动词和形容词)”和下文“For example, in a narrative passage, the key sentences may describe the main characters, the plot or the theme. Underlining or highlighting these key points can help you remember them and find them quickly when answering questions.(例如，在叙述性文章中，关键句子可能描述主要人物、情节或主题。将这些关键点用下划线或标出，可以帮助您记住它们，并在回答问题时快速找到它们)”可知，本段主题为阅读时关注关键词和关键句，前文提到关键词，空格后举例说明不同文体中关键句的作用。G. Key sentences are usually the topic sentences or the conclusion sentences.(关键句子通常是主题句或结论句)符合语境。 19．根据上文“Don’t worry too much about new words while reading.(阅读时不必过于担心不认识的单词)”和下文“You can guess their meanings according to the context, such as the sentences before and after the new words. If the new words are not important for understanding the passage, you can just skip them.(你可以根据上下文例如新单词之前和之后的句子来猜测它们的意思。如果这些新单词对理解文章内容不重要，你可以直接跳过它们)”可知，本段主要讲阅读过程中遇到生单词的办法，后文建议可以通过语境猜词、不重要的词直接跳过，应该不建议看到生单词就立即查字典。F. You don’t need to look up every new word in a dictionary immediately.(你不必立刻在词典里查找每一个新单词)符合语境。 20．根据上文“Finally, practice reading regularly. Practice makes perfect.(最后，要定期练习阅读。熟能生巧)”可知，本段建议多做阅读理解的训练，熟能生巧。E. The more you read, the better your reading comprehension will be.(你读得越多，你的阅读理解能力就会越好)符合语境。 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 【难度】0.65 【知识点】夹叙夹议、体态语、文化差异 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者去年夏天参加国际夏令营时，因与埃及室友Ahmed在个人空间距离上的文化差异而产生误解，后通过文化分享活动和坦诚沟通消除隔阂，并领悟到应以开放心态欣赏文化多样性，以及在当今相互联系的世界中，驾驭文化差异是建立真诚联系的重要条件。 【详解】21．考查副词。句意：我的室友、来自埃及的Ahmed很友好，但我发现他在和我说话时站得令人不适地近，这让我难以接受。A. friendly友好地；B. confidently自信地；C. purposefully有目的地；D. uncomfortably令人不适地。根据下文“I instinctively stepped back”可推知，Ahmed站得太近让作者感到不舒服，作者才会本能地后退。 22．考查动词。句意：我本能地后退，这似乎让他感到尴尬。A. please使高兴；B. embarrass使尴尬；C. comfort安慰；D. welcome欢迎。根据下文“The atmosphere grew tense”可推知，气氛变得紧张是因为作者的后退让Ahmed感到尴尬。 23．考查动词短语。句意：气氛变得紧张，我开始反思自己的行为。A. reflect on反思；B. give up放弃；C. worry about担心；D. object to反对。根据下文“Later, in a culture-sharing session, I learned that in many Arab countries”可推知，作者后来开始反思自己的行为，并在文化分享会上了解到背后的原因。 24．考查动词。句意：后来，在一次文化分享会上，我了解到在许多阿拉伯国家，站得近表示信任和温暖，而在我的文化中，人们更偏好较大的个人空间。A. changes改变；B. doubts怀疑；C. challenges挑战；D. signals表示，象征。根据下文“trust and warmth”可推知，在阿拉伯国家，站得近象征着信任和温暖。故选D。 25．考查动词。句意：这不是对错的问题；它代表了不同的文化规范。A. explained解释；B. represented代表；C. caused导致；D. hid隐藏。根据上文“This was not about right or wrong”可推知，这种行为差异代表的是不同文化规范，而非对错之分。 26．考查动词。句意：我意识到我的后退可能被理解为冷漠或拒绝的信号。A. ignored忽视；B. interpreted理解，解释；C. introduced介绍；D. interrupted打断。根据下文“as a sign of coldness or rejection”可推知，作者的后退被Ahmed理解为冷淡或拒绝。 27．考查名词。句意：有了这一新的领悟，我决定弥合分歧。A. problem问题；B. language语言；C. insight洞察，深刻见解；D. custom习俗。根据下文“I decided to bridge the gap”可推知，作者是在获得新的洞察后才决定采取行动弥合隔阂。 28．考查副词。句意：我坦诚地向Ahmed解释了我的感受，他也分享了他的看法。A. angrily生气地；B. secretly秘密地；C. frankly坦诚地；D. anxiously焦虑地。根据下文“he shared his perspective”可推知，双方进行了坦诚的交流，彼此分享看法。 29．考查动词。句意：我们同意找到一个折中办法。A. find找到；B. avoid避免；C. cross穿过；D. lose失去。根据下文“a middle ground”可推知，两人同意寻找中间地带，达成折中。 30．考查名词。句意：这段经历让我明白，文化差异虽然有时会造成困惑，但如果我们以开放的心态去面对，它们可以带来更深的理解。A. excitement兴奋；B. comfort舒适；C. confusion困惑；D. joy喜悦。根据上文“though sometimes causing”及前文提到的误解和紧张气氛可推知，文化差异有时会造成困惑。 31．考查形容词。句意同上。A. open开放的；B. closed封闭的；C. narrow狭隘的；D. blank空白的。根据上文“can lead to deeper understanding”可推知，只有以开放的心态面对，才能带来更深的理解。 32．考查动词。句意：这不是关于改变我们自己，而是关于欣赏人类互动的美好多样性。A. judging判断；B. fearing害怕；C. appreciating欣赏；D. changing改变。根据原文“the beautiful diversity”可推知，对于美好的多样性应持欣赏态度。故选C。 33．考查动词。句意：理解始于我们选择超越自身视角去看的时候。A. look看；B. step迈步；C. turn转向；D. speak说话。根据下文“beyond our own perspectives”可推知，此处表示“超越……去看”，look beyond为固定搭配。 34．考查形容词。句意：毕竟，在我们这个相互联系的世界里，驾驭文化差异的能力不仅是一种技能，更是建立真诚联系的必要条件。A. simple简单的；B. quiet安静的；C. disconnected分离的；D. interconnected相互联系的。根据下文“navigate (驾驭) cultural differences”可推知，只有在相互联系的世界里，驾驭文化差异才显得尤为重要。 35．考查名词。句意同上。A. barrier障碍；B. necessity必要；C. choice选择；D. burden负担。根据上文“not just a skill, but a”可推知，此处表示递进关系，强调这是建立真诚联系不可或缺的必要条件。 36．for 37．dating 38．symbols 39．which 40．unified 41．wisdom 42．the 43．To understand 44．has influenced 45．and 【难度】0.65 【知识点】语言与文化 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了汉字书写系统是中华文明延续至今的关键原因之一，讲述其发展历程、重要意义及国际影响。 【详解】36．考查介词。句意：在这种延续性的关键原因中，汉字书写系统一直发挥着重要作用。空格前为名词reasons，常用搭配为reasons for sth.“……的原因”。故填for。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：在早期，汉字是一种以图画为基础的语言，可追溯到数千年前的龙骨——古代中国人在上面雕刻符号的兽骨和贝壳。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词was，且无连词连接，所以此处应用非谓语动词；date back to（追溯到）没有被动语态，所以用现在分词形式dating。故填dating。 38．考查名词单复数。句意：在早期，汉字是一种以图画为基础的语言，可追溯到数千年前的龙骨——古代中国人在上面雕刻符号的兽骨和贝壳。空格前无不定冠词修饰，且根据后面的were carved可知，主语应为复数形式；symbol为可数名词，其复数形式为symbols。故填symbols。 39．考查定语从句。句意：后来，秦始皇统一了七个主要诸侯国，这使得他统一了书写系统。分析句子结构，空格前为完整句子，空格后为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面“秦始皇统一七国”这件事，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 40．考查形容词。句意：这种统一的系统对中国人民及其文化具有重要意义。空格后为名词system，所以此处应用形容词作定语；unify为动词，其形容词形式为unified（统一的），结合句意，此处表示“统一的书写系统”，符合语境。故填unified。 41．考查名词。句意：如今，汉字将中国的现在与过去联系起来：现代人可以阅读古代典籍，了解祖先的智慧。空格前为名词所有格ancestors’，所以此处应用名词形式；wise为形容词，其名词形式为wisdom（智慧），且wisdom为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 42．考查固定搭配。句意：由于汉语被认为是世界上最重要的语言之一，学习汉语的国际学生数量正在迅速增加。the number of+可数名词复数表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。故填the。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：要充分了解中国，就必须掌握其书写系统——一项几个世纪以来对这个国家产生巨大影响的遗产。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词must grasp，且无连词连接，所以此处应用非谓语动词；结合句意，“掌握书写系统”的目的是“充分了解中国”，所以用动词不定式to understand作目的状语，且位于句首首字母大写。故填To understand。 44．考查动词时态。句意：要充分了解中国，就必须掌握其书写系统——一项几个世纪以来对这个国家产生巨大影响的遗产。根据时间状语for many centuries可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；主语a heritage为单数形式，所以用has influenced。故填has influenced。 45．考查连词。句意：事实上，它既是一种交流工具，也是一份鲜活的记录，承载着中国人民的故事。结合句意，此处表示“既是……也是……”，常用搭配为both...and...。故填and。 46. Dear Jack, I’m glad to hear that you’re interested in learning Chinese. Nowadays, Chinese is increasingly popular worldwide. This is mainly because China’s rapid development makes Chinese a useful tool for global communication and trade. Here are some practical tips for you. First, listen to Chinese songs and watch Chinese videos to improve your listening. Second, practice speaking every day and don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Besides, reading simple Chinese articles can help you enlarge your vocabulary. I believe you will master Chinese with continuous efforts. Yours, Li Hua 【难度】0.65 【知识点】语言学习策略、应用文、申请/请求/建议 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给Jack写一封回信，说明汉语受欢迎的原因以及学习中文的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：glad→delighted 感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in 工具：tool→instrument 掌握：master→grasp 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：I believe you will master Chinese with continuous efforts. 拓展句：I hold the belief that you will master Chinese with continuous efforts. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This is mainly because China’s rapid development makes Chinese a useful tool for global communication and trade.（运用了because引导表语从句） 【高分句型2】I believe you will master Chinese with continuous efforts.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 47．One possible version: At the market, Paul was nervous but excited. The lively atmosphere filled with colorful stalls and enthusiastic vendors immediately drew him in. I encouraged him to order some fruits in Chinese. At first, his pronunciation was shaky, but the elderly vendor, noticing his effort, patiently corrected him with a warm smile. By the third stall, Paul was confidently bargaining for souvenirs using simple sentences. A tea shop owner even invited us to taste different varieties, explaining their cultural significance in slow Mandarin. That day, Paul didn’t just practice language — he discovered how communication bridges cultures. Weeks later, our Chinese teacher announced there would be a class speech on Chinese culture. To everyone’s surprise, Paul volunteered immediately. He spent days preparing, incorporating market experiences into his speech about “The Beauty of Daily Communication”. When he stood before the class, his tones were clear, and his gestures lively as he described how a street food vendor taught him the difference between baozi and jiaozi. The classroom erupted in applause. Later, the teacher praised his progress as “the magic of courage meeting opportunity,” and Paul whispered to me, “Now I understand mistakes are just steps to success.” 【难度】0.65 【知识点】学校生活、语言学习经历 【导语】本文以Paul学中文为线索展开，讲述了交换生Paul因汉语太难想放弃，搭档“我”主动帮他课后补习，但他仍不敢开口。老师鼓励他“别怕犯错”，“我们”便去市场实践。Paul从紧张结巴到自信讨价还价，还学到文化知识。几周后，他主动用亲身经历做中文演讲，全班鼓掌。他最终明白：犯错是进步的阶梯。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“在市场上，Paul既紧张又兴奋”可知，第一段可描写起初Paul沟通得不太顺利，但随着小贩们的热情和耐心引导，他的沟通变得流利，而且逐渐了解语言背后的文化。 ②由第二段首句内容“几周后，我们的语文老师宣布将有一个关于中国文化的课堂演讲”可知，第二段可描写Paul报名了演讲，在课堂上将自身在市场的经历讲述出来，演讲很成功，Paul收获了赞扬，也明白了犯错是进步的阶梯。 2. 续写线索：去市场——Paul起初受挫——Paul逐渐流利表达——老师宣布课堂演讲——Paul演讲——Paul收获赞扬，得到感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①鼓励：encourage/inspire/motivate ②注意到：notice/spot/observe ③解释：explain/clarify/account for ④描述：describe/give an account of/recount 情绪类 ①热情的：enthusiastic/passionate/ardent ②惊讶：surprise/astonishment/amazement 【点睛】[高分句型1] That day, Paul didn’t just practice language — he discovered how communication bridges cultures. (how引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] When he stood before the class, his tones were clear, and his gestures lively as he described how a street food vendor taught him the difference between baozi and jiaozi. (When引导时间状语从句、as引导时间状语从句、how引导宾语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年外研版英语Unit 2 单元测试卷（基础版） （共120分） 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) A Many of us have entertained the idea of learning a foreign language. Here are a few examples, ranked in order of the number of hours it takes the average English speakers to master them from lowest to highest: ●Easiest（about 600 hours of study） Want to have no trouble fitting in on the streets of Paris? You will make it after just 600 hours of study. The popular Latin languages —Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese —require about 600 hours of study to achieve “general professional proficiency” in speaking and reading. They share many words with English, but differ significantly in meanings. ●German（750 hours） Interested in reading Karl May’s “Wild West” series in its original language? You’ll need to spend750 hours mastering German first. With nouns that are masculine, feminine and neuter, verbs that are given various different forms and an extremely strict sentence arrangement, German may appear impossible to start with. But pronunciation and spelling is straightforward and once you learn the —admittedly many —rules, that’s it. German teachers used to joke that it takes you a year to say, “I’m travelling on the bus,” but once you’re on that bus,it’s plain sailing. ●Greek（1,100 hours） Modern Greek is maybe the easiest language to learn that uses a different alphabet. Because Greek is also a language that’s contributed numerous words to English. Indeed, in 1957,Xenophon Zolotas, the then governor of the Bank of Greece, gave two speeches to the IMF that contained just Greek loanwords apart from the unavoidable basic English. ●Arabic（2,200 hours） There’s an interesting story about a pharmaceutical（制药）company that advertised painkiller with three pictures. The left picture depicted a woman with a headache. The middle one showed her swallowing the pill and the right one had her smiling after the pain had disappeared. It worked everywhere except in the Arab world, which read it from right to left. It takes the average native English speaker a whopping 2,200 hours to become proficient in Arabic. But who can resist a language with eleven words for love, five degrees of swearing and close to 100words describing a camel? 1．Who is this passage intended for? A．German speakers. B．Greek speakers. C．English speakers. D．Arabic speakers 2．Which language makes a great contribution to English vocabulary? A．Greek. B．German C．Spanish. D．French. 3．What is special about Arabic? A．The way it advertises. B．The habit of reading. C．The time to master it. D．The expressions to say love. B Understanding everyday conversation requires more than just knowing the literal meanings of words; it includes understanding the context in which they are spoken. For example, when it’s raining heavily, saying “lovely weather” is clearly sarcastic (讽刺的). This ability to work out the real meaning from non-literal language is known as pragmatic (语用的) language ability, which includes understanding sarcasm, metaphors, and white lies. Evelina Fedorenko, an MIT professor, and her coworkers have found that these skills can be grouped based on the types of guesses they require. Their study of 800 people identified three main groups of pragmatic skills: guesses based on social traditions and rules, knowledge of how the physical world works, and explaining differences in voice, which can indicate stress or emotion. Past research on language understanding has mainly focused on literal meanings and how words fit together. However, Fedorenko notes that context is very important. For example, the phrase “people are leaving” can mean the party is ending if it’s late, or the party isn’t good if it’s early. To explore pragmatic language skills, Fedorenko and Edward Gibson, an MIT professor of brain and cognitive (认知的) sciences, used an “individual differences” approach, studying many people as they perform various tasks. This method helps determine whether the same brain processes are responsible for different tasks. The researchers created 20 tasks, including understanding humor, sarcasm, and voice changes that affect the meaning of the sentence. Among the first 400 people who took part in the research, the researchers found that the tasks fell into three groups: social context, general world knowledge, and voice. Testing another 400 people confirmed these groups. Future work aims to use brain imaging to link these pragmatic parts to specific brain regions. This research could also help study people with autism (自闭症), who may struggle with social signals, and compare pragmatic language use across different cultures. 4．Why is pragmatic language ability in conversation important? A．It improves reading speed greatly. B．It helps memorize more vocabulary. C．It focuses on correct grammar rules. D．It allows understanding beyond words. 5．What did Fedorenko’s study find about pragmatic skills? A．Sarcasm is the hardest to understand. B．Brain processes are exactly the same. C．They are based on three types of guesses. D．People with autism lack world knowledge. 6．What can be learned from the example “people are leaving” in paragraph 3? A．Early parties often have bad results. B．Words hold unchangeable meanings. C．Late parties are usually more popular. D．Context determines the hidden meaning. 7．What can be the best title for the text? A．A New Study Found Language Difficulties B．Language Is Understood Through Context C．Brain Processes Language in Varied Ways D．Voice and Emotion Matter in Conversation C It is widely known that any English conversation begins with the weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, people fail to come up with a good explanation for this English weather-speak. Bill Bryson, for example, says that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the interest in it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles. Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena (现象). “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it draws the English as well as the outsider. Bryson and Paxman stand for common misunderstandings about the weather-speak among the English. Both of them, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are greetings. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding. 8．Why does the author mention Dr Johnson’s comment? A．Because Dr Johnson is famous. B．To show that most people agree with Dr Johnson. C．Because the comment was accurate two hundred years ago. D．To show that English conversations usually start with the weather. 9．According to the text, what does Jeremy Paxman believe? A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather. B．There is nothing special about the English weather. C．The English weather attracts people to the British Isles. D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty. 10．What does the underlined word “draws” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Explores. B．Attracts. C．Ensures. D．Digitises. 11．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the text? A．To analyse the weather in the UK. B．To explain what English weather-speak is about. C．To argue with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman. D．To tell people that the English weather is changeable. D Dialects are a cultural resource and the collection of ordinary people’s wisdom. They promote the culture of a region. When an area’s dialect dies out, it means the failure of the local culture. Dialects are also an essential material to study the history of a country’s language and its evolution, making up for lack of documents. According to UNESCO, nearly 7,000 languages and dialects worldwide are facing extinction (消亡), falling out of use at the rate of about one every two weeks. In China, there are over 120 languages at risk of extinction. More than half of them is spoken by fewer than 10,000 people. Xu Kaifei, a new media journalist who has a 7-year-old son, finds that Hainanese is not being spoken by the younger generation: “Children do not use the dialect, and some can’t even understand it.” So, he started to teach his son the language word by word, uploading videos on social media platforms for viewers interested in Hainanese. Due to education and work, where standard Chinese is used, many young people who spoke dialects have turned to standard Chinese. Some think speaking only a dialect is a barrier to finding jobs in cities, where standard Chinese is widely used. So, they stop using their native tongue. In many families, the parents guide the switch for their children. To research dialects, Zhao Rixin, a professor studying dialects at the Beijing Language and Culture University, has visited over 100 places, mostly villages. “Villages are the best sites as their dialects are well preserved, thanks to the small-scale input of outsiders,” he said. His last survey was done in a village in Chengde, Hebei Province in north China, whose dialect is close to standard Chinese. “The dialects in north and northeast China have been better preserved than in other places”, he said. The dialects of northeast China are popular due to their culture, tradition and economic development. The development of the media and genres (类型) of art has also enhanced people’s pride in this region’s language. 12．Why are dialects considered valuable? A．They are created by both the official and the folks. B．They document the development of a country’s language. C．They are mainly used in formal education systems. D．They have been replaced by written documents in most regions. 13．Why was Xu Kaifei’s son mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To give an example of a child learning Hainanese. B．To explain how social media spreads dialects. C．To show younger generations’ dialect loss. D．To highlight a parent’s effort to save dialect. 14．What does “the switch” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Speaking standard Chinese in big cities. B．Speaking more dialects when finding jobs. C．Taking seriously parents’ advice on language learning. D．Giving up the native tongue for the standard Chinese. 15．What do Zhao Rixin’s words imply? A．The northern dialects are popular and easier to understand. B．Many local dialects are very similar to Standard Chinese. C．Dialects are better preserved in areas with fewer outsiders. D．Economic development in the north is faster than that in the south. 第二节（共5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Improve Your Reading Comprehension Skills Reading comprehension is a key skill for students, especially for senior high school students preparing for exams. 16 Here are some practical tips to help you improve your reading comprehension skills effectively. First of all, preview the passage before reading it carefully. 17 You can read the title, the first and last paragraphs, and the headings of each part. This will help you get a general idea of the passage and know what it is mainly about. It will also make it easier for you to follow the details when you read the passage thoroughly. While reading, pay attention to the key words and sentences. Key words usually include nouns, verbs and adjectives that carry important information. 18 For example, in a narrative passage, the key sentences may describe the main characters, the plot or the theme. Underlining or highlighting these key points can help you remember them and find them quickly when answering questions. Don’t worry too much about new words while reading. 19 You can guess their meanings according to the context, such as the sentences before and after the new words. If the new words are not important for understanding the passage, you can just skip them. Only look up the new words in a dictionary after reading if they really affect your understanding. Finally, practice reading regularly. Practice makes perfect. 20 You can choose different types of passages, such as narratives, expositions and arguments, to broaden your reading scope. After reading, do some exercises to check your understanding and summarize the main idea of the passage. This will help you improve your reading speed and comprehension gradually. A．Previewing can save you a lot of time. B．It is necessary to master some reading skills. C．It helps you understand the passage better and faster. D．Reading comprehension is not difficult if you have good methods. E．The more you read, the better your reading comprehension will be. F．You don’t need to look up every new word in a dictionary immediately. G．Key sentences are usually the topic sentences or the conclusion sentences. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last summer, I had the opportunity to attend an international summer camp. It was exciting, yet I soon encountered an unexpected challenge. My roommate, Ahmed from Egypt, was friendly, but I found his habit of standing 21 close, when talking to me, hard to accept. I instinctively stepped back, which seemed to 22 him. The atmosphere grew tense, and I began to 23 my own behavior. Later, in a culture-sharing session, I learned that in many Arab countries, standing close 24 trust and warmth, while in my culture, more personal space is preferred. This was not about right or wrong; it 25 different cultural norms. I realized my step back might have been 26 as a sign of coldness or rejection. With this new 27 , I decided to bridge the gap. I explained my feelings to Ahmed 28 ,  and he shared his perspective. We agreed to 29 a middle ground.  This experience taught me that cultural differences, though sometimes causing 30 , can lead to deeper understanding if we approach them with 31 minds. It is not about changing who we are, but about 32 the beautiful diversity of human interaction. Understanding begins when we choose to   33 beyond our own perspectives. After all, in our 34 world, the ability to navigate (驾驭) cultural differences is not just a skill, but a 35 for sincere connection. 21．A．friendly B．confidently C．purposefully D．uncomfortably 22．A．please B．embarrass C．comfort D．welcome 23．A．reflect on B．give up C．worry about D．object to 24．A．changes B．doubts C．challenges D．signals 25．A．explained B．represented C．caused D．hid 26．A．ignored B．interpreted C．introduced D．interrupted 27．A．problem B．language C．insight D．custom 28．A．angrily B．secretly C．frankly D．anxiously 29．A．find B．avoid C．cross D．lose 30．A．excitement B．comfort C．confusion D．joy 31．A．open B．closed C．narrow D．blank 32．A．judging B．fearing C．appreciating D．changing 33．A．look B．step C．turn D．speak 34．A．simple B．quiet C．disconnected D．interconnected 35．A．barrier B．necessity C．choice D．burden 第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分 15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China is known for its ancient civilization that has continued into modern times. Among the key reasons 36 this continuity (延续性), the Chinese writing system has been playing an important part. In its early days, written Chinese was a picture-based language, 37 (date) back thousands of years to longgu-animal bones and shells on which 38 (symbol) were carved by ancient Chinese people. By the Shang Dynasty, they had become a highly-developed writing system. Later, Emperor Qinshihuang united seven major states, 39 led to him unifying the writing system. This 40 (unify) system was of great importance for the Chinese people and their culture. Today, written Chinese connects China’s present with its past: modern people can read ancient classics to learn about their ancestors’ 41 (wise). It has also grown into an art form called Chinese calligraphy, loved by people at home and abroad. As Chinese is considered as one of the most important languages in the world, 42 number of international students learning Chinese is increasing rapidly. 43 (understand) China fully, one must grasp its writing system-a heritage that 44 (influence) the nation greatly for many centuries. Indeed, it serves as a communication tool 45 a living record, carrying the stories of the Chinese people. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 应用文（15分） 46.假如你是李华，现在全球越来越多的人热衷于学习中文，你的美国朋友Jack对中文也很感兴趣，写信询问你如何学好中文。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 汉语受欢迎的原因； 2. 学习中文的建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 读后续写（25分） 47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Paul, a high school exchange student, came to our school with excitement, hoping to learn about the culture and language. However, learning Chinese was much harder than he thought. The characters looked like a puzzle, and the different tones (声调) confused him. Every Chinese class was a struggle, and Paul felt disappointed. Our classmates tried to help, but it was hard for them to understand each other. One day, after a difficult lesson, Paul sat down sadly. He felt like giving up. That’s when I, his partner, decided to step in. I loved languages and was good at making difficult things easier to understand. I could see how upset Paul was, so I went up to him. “Paul, I know Chinese is hard, but I believe you can do it,” I said. “Let’s study together.” Paul looked a little doubtful but felt grateful. We started meeting after school. I shared some tips on how to remember characters and practice tones. Slowly, Paul began to improve, but he still had trouble speaking. One day, while we were practicing, Paul stopped and said, “I still find it difficult to open my mouth to speak with our classmates freely.” He looked discouraged. I gently reminded him, “Paul, remember why you came here. You wanted to experience China, and learning the language is part of that.” He nodded. Just then, our Chinese teacher walked by and overheard our conversation. He smiled and said, “Paul, speaking is the key to learning any language. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes.” His words gave Paul some encouragement. We continued practicing, and I had an idea. “Let’s try something different,” I suggested. “We’ll visit a local market and practice speaking with the vendors (摊贩). Maybe you’ll meet someone at the market, who can help you practice speaking in real situations. It’ll be more interesting than just studying in the classroom.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 At the market, Paul was nervous but excited. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Weeks later, our Chinese teacher announced there would be a class speech on Chinese culture. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $