Unit 5 Play by the rules（重难词汇精练）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“基础-语境-语篇”三级递进设计，系统强化Unit 5核心词汇的积累、语境应用与语篇综合运用能力，助力语言能力与学习能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|单词/短语汉译英、15题词汇拓展|聚焦词形、词性转换（如develop→development）|从音形义基础积累到词性派生，构建词汇网络| |词汇语境练|首字母填空、提示填空等5类题型|结合教材情境（如火车场景）考查词汇应用|从单句语境到语法搭配（如不定式表目的），实现词汇从认知到运用| |词汇语篇练|语篇填空、完形填空等3类题型|在真实语篇（如网络安全规则）中综合运用词汇|从句子层面到篇章逻辑，培养词汇在语境中的灵活迁移能力|

Unit 5 Play by the rules? 词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 1、 汉译英。 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 prep. 在……的对面 n. 小包，小盒，小袋 n. 野餐 adj. 有臭味的 n. 噪声；嘈杂声 v. 缩小；减少；降低 v. 踢 n. 座，座位 n. 乘客，旅客 n. 蠢人，笨蛋 n. 标记；指示牌，标牌 n. 责任 n. 腰带，皮带 n. 车站 n. 花盆 n. 诚实，正直；坦诚 v. 传播 n. 干酪，奶酪 pron. 任何事物都（没有） n. 喉咙，咽喉 n. 起因，原因 n. 脏乱；凌乱 n. 律师 adj. 紧急的，急迫的 n. 市民，城镇居民；公民 n. 网络霸凌（欺凌） n. 点击（鼠标） adj. 个人的，秘密的 adj. 不小心的，粗心的 adj. 注意到的，察觉到的 v. 欺诈，欺骗 n. 敌人 adj. 基础的，基本的 v. 避免 n. 地址 n. 护照 v. 限制，限定 v. 信任，信赖，相信 v. 表现 n. 法则，法令 短语 清清嗓子 捡起 （汽车或飞机上的）安全带 照顾，照料 服从规定，遵守规则 吸一口气 请求/要求某人做某事 为了做某事 收拾干净 面对面地 取得联系 避免做某事 行为不当，不礼貌 小菜一碟 同意某人（的意见） 意识到…… 在真实生活中 向……寻求帮助 遇到麻烦，陷于困境 2、 词汇拓展。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. develop→ ____________ (n.) (n.) 发展；进步 2. reduce → ____________ (n.) 减少；降低 3. honest → ____________ (n.) 诚实，正直 4. strange → ____________ (n.) 陌生人 5. smell → ____________ (adj.) 有臭味的 6. personal → ____________ (adv.) 私人地；亲自 7. care → ____________ (adj.) 粗心的，疏忽的 8. aware → ____________ (n.) 意识，认识 9. strange → ____________ (n.) 陌生人 10. behave → ____________ (n.) 行为，举止 11. private → ____________ (n.) 隐私，私密 12. limit → ____________ (n.) 限制，界限 13. kick → ____________（过去式） 14. cheat → ____________ (n.) 骗子；欺骗行为 15. spread → ____________（过去式） 一、根据首字母完成单词。 1. The girl o________ me started playing loud music on her phone on the train.（教材原文改编） 2. The man took several p________ of smelly food and made everyone uncomfortable. 3. Please r________ the noise in the quiet carriage of the train. 4. Don't k________ the seat in front of you; it breaks public rules. 5. All p________ on the train should follow the signs on the wall. 6. Don't be a f________ and stand up to bad public behaviour bravely. 7. Look at the s________ on the wall: it says "Please be quiet". 8. I took a deep breath and cleared my t________ before talking to the noisy passengers. 9. Everyone has the r________ to keep public space clean and quiet. 10. If you meet online strangers, don't share your a________ or phone number with them. 二、根据汉语提示填空。 1. The food on the train was so ________（有臭味的）that I covered my nose at once. 2. We should ________（减少）noise when we stay in public quiet areas. 3. Please ________（踢）gently if you have to touch the seat in front of you. 4. All the ________（乘客）seemed unhappy about the loud music. 5. The wall has clear ________（指示牌）telling us the train rules. 6. Her ________（诚实）moved me a lot after she broke my flowerpot. 7. The guide tells us the ________（基础的）rules to stay safe online. 8. Don't post your ________（个人的）information on social media. 9. You must ________（避免）meeting online strangers in real life. 10. When you meet cyberbullying, turn to trusted adults for ________（帮助）. 三、单项选择。 ( )1. —Why did you cover your nose on the train? —The food the man ate was so _______. A. private B. smelly C. basic D. careless ( )2. I covered my ears _______ the noise coming from the girl's phone. A. to reduce B. to kick C. to cheat D. to spread ( )3. The mother didn't _______ her child and let him kick other people's seats. A. limit B. look after C. avoid D. trust ( )4. The signs on the wall tell us rules we all need to _______. A. play by the rules B. clear your throat C. take a deep breath D. pick up mess ( )5. —What will you do if someone breaks public rules? —I won't be a _______; I will politely remind him. A. passenger B. fool C. lawyer D. citizen ( )6. Before speaking to the noisy passengers, I _______ to catch their attention. A. cleared my throat B. covered my nose C. picked up packets D. spread messages ( )7. Posting too much personal information online _______ your online safety. A. has a good effect on B. has a bad effect on C. is good at D. takes part in ( )8. _______ the strict traffic rules, the taxi driver drove fast to send the sick man to the hospital. A. Except for B. Because of C. Instead of D. In spite of ( )9. It is _______ to share your passport number with online strangers. A. simply B. really C. careless D. yet ( )10. The guide teaches us how to _______ cyberbullying when we chat online. A. deal with B. give up C. throw away D. light up 四、完成句子。 1. 我走到安静区域，为了能安静看书。 I went to a quiet area ________ ________ ________ read.（教材原句） 2. 我捂住鼻子，为了减少难闻食物的气味。 I covered my nose ________ ________ ________ reduce the smell of smelly food.（教材原句） 3. 男孩不停地踢我的座椅，我鼓起勇气让他停下来。 The boy kept ________ my seat, and I asked him ________ ________ . 4. 墙上的指示牌写着“请勿食用异味食物”，我们都应该遵守规则。 The ________ on the wall says "No smelly food"， and we all need to ________ ________ ________. 5. 那个男孩打碎花盆后留下纸条向我道歉，他的诚实让我很敬佩。 The boy left a note ________ ________ sorry to me after breaking my ________, and I respected his ________. 6. 我写下这个故事，为了传递善意与快乐。 I write down this story ________ ________ ________ spread kindness and happiness. 7. 上网时避免发布私人信息是保障网络安全的基础规则。 Avoiding posting________ ________ online is a basic rule to stay safe online. 8. 如果你遭遇网络霸凌，不要回复恶意消息，向父母或老师求助。 If you experience cyberbullying, don't reply to bad messages and ________ ________ your parents or teachers ________ help. 五、用所给词适当形式完成句子。 1. The girl opposite me played loud music, which made all the ________ (passenger) upset. 2. I covered my ears ________ (reduce) the terrible noise on the train. 3. The ________ (smell) food brought great trouble to everyone around the man. 4. The boy behind kept ________ (kick) my seat, and my anger grew quickly. 5. We can see clear ________ (sign) about public rules everywhere on high-speed trains. 6. His ________ (honest) touched me deeply after he admitted breaking my flowerpot. 7. There are five ________ (base) online safety rules in the reading guide. 8. Don't be ________ (care) with your passwords, or strangers may cheat you easily. 一、用方框中所给词汇或短语的正确形式填空，每词只能使用一次。 opposite, smell, reduce, kick, passenger, sign, look after, play by the rules, stop, avoid After a busy workday, I took the train home and sat in a quiet area.1.________ me was a girl playing loud music. I covered my ears 2.________ the noise, but then a man beside me took out packets of 3.________ food. Next, a boy behind started 4.________ my seat again and again. His mother didn't 5.________ him well and said he was just a kid. All the other 6.________ felt unhappy but said nothing. I looked at the 7.________on the wall, which told us we must 8.________. We should 9.________ breaking public rules to make public space comfortable. At last, I took a deep breath, stood up and spoke politely 10.________ the bad behaviour . 二、阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 Online Safety Rules Now the Internet brings new risks for every 1.________ (citizen), so we need to follow some 2.________ (base) rules to stay safe online. First, keep your 3.________ (person) information private. 4.________ (avoid) posting your address or passport number online, and limit who can see your messages.Second, set a strong password and change it often—don't be 5.________ (care).Third, be aware of online strangers and never meet them in real life, because they may 6.________ (cheat) you. If you experience cyberbullying, don't reply to bad messages. Turn to trusted adults for help instead of facing the trouble alone. Bad online 7.________ (behave) always has costs, so think twice before posting anything online. With the fast 8.________ (develop) of the Internet, these rules become more and more important for us 9.________ (stay) away from danger. We should learn to use the Internet 10.________ (wise) and follow the rules in our hearts. 三、完形填空，阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Why Rules Matter Everywhere Everywhere we go, there are rules. On the train, we must not play loud music or eat 1.________ food. We can't 2.________ other people's seats, and parents need to 3.________ their kids well. All the 4.________ on the wall tell us these clear rules for passengers. The Internet also needs new rules. The Internet makes it easy to get in touch with any online 5.________, but it also brings risks. If you are 6.________ and post your phone number online, online strangers may cheat you. We have to 7.________ sharing private information with unknown people. When cyberbullying happens, don't be a 8.________ who keeps silent—ask teachers or parents for help. Rules are the foundation of good order. They are not only on walls but also in our minds. We follow rules 9.________ make public life safe and comfortable. Even in some urgent situations, we should think twice before breaking rules, because careless rule-breaking may 10.________ bad results for everyone around us. 1. ( ) A. private B. smelly C. basic D. honest 2. ( ) A. kick B. reduce C. cheat D. spread 3. ( ) A. clear your throat B. take a deep breath C. look after D. pick up 4. ( ) A. packets B. signs C. flowerpots D. passwords 5. ( ) A. fool B. passenger C. citizen D. stranger 6. ( ) A. careless B. urgent C. opposite D. basic 7. ( ) A. avoid B. limit C. trust D. behave 8. ( ) A. lawyer B. fool C. enemy D. netizen 9. ( ) A. so as B. in order that C. in order to D. such as to 10. ( ) A. cause B. reduce C. kick D. spread $Unit 5 Play by the rules? 词汇专项过关 参考答案 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 1、 汉译英。 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 opposite prep. 在……的对面 packet n. 小包，小盒，小袋 picnic n. 野餐 smelly adj. 有臭味的 noise n. 噪声；嘈杂声 reduce v. 缩小；减少；降低 kick v. 踢 seat n. 座，座位 passenger n. 乘客，旅客 fool n. 蠢人，笨蛋 sign n. 标记；指示牌，标牌 responsibility n. 责任 belt n. 腰带，皮带 station n. 车站 flowerpot n. 花盆 honesty n. 诚实，正直；坦诚 spread v. 传播 cheese n. 干酪，奶酪 anything pron. 任何事物都（没有） throat n. 喉咙，咽喉 cause n. 起因，原因 mess n. 脏乱；凌乱 lawyer n. 律师 urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的 citizen n. 市民，城镇居民；公民 cyberbullying n. 网络霸凌（欺凌） click n. 点击（鼠标） private adj. 个人的，秘密的 careless adj. 不小心的，粗心的 aware adj. 注意到的，察觉到 cheat v. 欺诈，欺骗 enemy n. 敌人 basic adj. 基础的，基本的 avoid v. 避免 address n. 地址 passport n. 护照 limit v. 限制，限定 trust v. 信任，信赖，相信 behave v. 表现 law n. 法则，法令 短语 clear your throat 清清嗓子 pick up 捡起 seatbelt （汽车或飞机上的）安全带 look after 照顾，照料 follow rules 服从规定，遵守规则 take a breath 吸一口气 ask sb. to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 so as to do sth. 为了做某事 clean up 收拾干净 face to face 面对面地 get in touch 取得联系 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 behave badly 行为不当，不礼貌 a piece of cake 小菜一碟 agree with sb. 同意某人（的意见） be aware of... 意识到…… in real life 在真实生活中 turn to...for help 向……寻求帮助 in hot water 遇到麻烦，陷于困境 2、 词汇拓展。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. development 2. reduction 3. honesty 4. stranger 5. smelly 6. personally 7. careless 8. awareness 9. stranger 10. behaviour 11. privacy 12. limitation 13. kicked 14. cheat 15. spread 一、根据首字母完成单词。 1. opposite 2. packets 3. reduce 4. kick 5. passengers 6. fool 7. sign 8. throat 9. responsibility 10. address 二、根据汉语提示填空。 1. smelly 2. reduce 3. kick 4. passengers 5. signs 6. honesty 7. basic 8. personal 9. avoid 10. help 三、单项选择。 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 四、完成句子。 1. in order to / so as to 2. in order to / so as to 3. kicking; to stop 4. sign; play by the rules 5. to say; flowerpot; honesty 6. in order to / so as to 7. personal information 8. turn to; for 五、用所给词适当形式完成句子。 1. passengers 2. to reduce 3. smelly 4. kicking 5. signs 6. honesty 7. basic 8. careless 一、用方框中所给词汇或短语的正确形式填空，每词只能使用一次。 1. Opposite 2. to reduce 3. smelly 4. kicking 5. look after 6. passengers 7. signs 8. play by the rules 9. avoid 10. to stop 二、阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 1. citizen 2. basic 3. personal 4. Avoid 5. careless 6. cheat 7. behaviour 8. development 9. to stay 10. wisely 三、完形填空，阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A $Unit 5 Play by the rules? 词汇专项过关 答案解析 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 1、 汉译英。 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 prep. 在……的对面 n. 小包，小盒，小袋 n. 野餐 adj. 有臭味的 n. 噪声；嘈杂声 v. 缩小；减少；降低 v. 踢 n. 座，座位 n. 乘客，旅客 n. 蠢人，笨蛋 n. 标记；指示牌，标牌 n. 责任 n. 腰带，皮带 n. 车站 n. 花盆 n. 诚实，正直；坦诚 v. 传播 n. 干酪，奶酪 pron. 任何事物都（没有） n. 喉咙，咽喉 n. 起因，原因 n. 脏乱；凌乱 n. 律师 adj. 紧急的，急迫的 n. 市民，城镇居民；公民 n. 网络霸凌（欺凌） n. 点击（鼠标） adj. 个人的，秘密的 adj. 不小心的，粗心的 adj. 注意到的，察觉到的 v. 欺诈，欺骗 n. 敌人 adj. 基础的，基本的 v. 避免 n. 地址 n. 护照 v. 限制，限定 v. 信任，信赖，相信 v. 表现 n. 法则，法令 短语 清清嗓子 捡起 （汽车或飞机上的）安全带 照顾，照料 服从规定，遵守规则 吸一口气 请求/要求某人做某事 为了做某事 收拾干净 面对面地 取得联系 避免做某事 行为不当，不礼貌 小菜一碟 同意某人（的意见） 意识到…… 在真实生活中 向……寻求帮助 遇到麻烦，陷于困境 【参考答案】 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 opposite prep. 在……的对面 packet n. 小包，小盒，小袋 picnic n. 野餐 smelly adj. 有臭味的 noise n. 噪声；嘈杂声 reduce v. 缩小；减少；降低 kick v. 踢 seat n. 座，座位 passenger n. 乘客，旅客 fool n. 蠢人，笨蛋 sign n. 标记；指示牌，标牌 responsibility n. 责任 belt n. 腰带，皮带 station n. 车站 flowerpot n. 花盆 honesty n. 诚实，正直；坦诚 spread v. 传播 cheese n. 干酪，奶酪 anything pron. 任何事物都（没有） throat n. 喉咙，咽喉 cause n. 起因，原因 mess n. 脏乱；凌乱 lawyer n. 律师 urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的 citizen n. 市民，城镇居民；公民 cyberbullying n. 网络霸凌（欺凌） click n. 点击（鼠标） private adj. 个人的，秘密的 careless adj. 不小心的，粗心的 aware adj. 注意到的，察觉到 cheat v. 欺诈，欺骗 enemy n. 敌人 basic adj. 基础的，基本的 avoid v. 避免 address n. 地址 passport n. 护照 limit v. 限制，限定 trust v. 信任，信赖，相信 behave v. 表现 law n. 法则，法令 短语 clear your throat 清清嗓子 pick up 捡起 seatbelt （汽车或飞机上的）安全带 look after 照顾，照料 follow rules 服从规定，遵守规则 take a breath 吸一口气 ask sb. to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事 so as to do sth. 为了做某事 clean up 收拾干净 face to face 面对面地 get in touch 取得联系 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 behave badly 行为不当，不礼貌 a piece of cake 小菜一碟 agree with sb. 同意某人（的意见） be aware of... 意识到…… in real life 在真实生活中 turn to...for help 向……寻求帮助 in hot water 遇到麻烦，陷于困境 2、 词汇拓展。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. develop→ ____________ (n.) (n.) 发展；进步 2. reduce → ____________ (n.) 减少；降低 3. honest → ____________ (n.) 诚实，正直 4. strange → ____________ (n.) 陌生人 5. smell → ____________ (adj.) 有臭味的 6. personal → ____________ (adv.) 私人地；亲自 7. care → ____________ (adj.) 粗心的，疏忽的 8. aware → ____________ (n.) 意识，认识 9. strange → ____________ (n.) 陌生人 10. behave → ____________ (n.) 行为，举止 11. private → ____________ (n.) 隐私，私密 12. limit → ____________ (n.) 限制，界限 13. kick → ____________（过去式） 14. cheat → ____________ (n.) 骗子；欺骗行为 15. spread → ____________（过去式） 【参考答案】 1. development 2. reduction 3. honesty 4. stranger 5. smelly 6. personally 7. careless 8. awareness 9. stranger 10. behaviour 11. privacy 12. limitation 13. kicked 14. cheat 15. spread 一、根据首字母完成单词。 1. The girl o________ me started playing loud music on her phone on the train.（教材原文改编） 2. The man took several p________ of smelly food and made everyone uncomfortable. 3. Please r________ the noise in the quiet carriage of the train. 4. Don't k________ the seat in front of you; it breaks public rules. 5. All p________ on the train should follow the signs on the wall. 6. Don't be a f________ and stand up to bad public behaviour bravely. 7. Look at the s________ on the wall: it says "Please be quiet". 8. I took a deep breath and cleared my t________ before talking to the noisy passengers. 9. Everyone has the r________ to keep public space clean and quiet. 10. If you meet online strangers, don't share your a________ or phone number with them. 【答案解析】 1. opposite；解析：介词，意为“在……对面”。 2. packets；解析：packet为可数名词，several后使用复数形式。 3. reduce；解析：祈使句用动词原形，reduce noise 降低噪音。 4. kick；解析：don't后接动词原形，kick seats 踢座椅。 5. passengers；解析：all后接可数名词复数，指火车上所有乘客。 6. fool；解析：a后接单数名词，don't be a fool 别做傻子。 7. sign；解析：后文it提示单数，指墙上的规则指示牌。 8. throat；解析：固定搭配 clear one's throat 清清嗓子。 9. responsibility；解析：the后接名词，have the responsibility to do 有责任做某事。 10. address；解析：网络安全核心词汇，address 家庭住址。 二、根据汉语提示填空。 1. The food on the train was so ________（有臭味的）that I covered my nose at once. 2. We should ________（减少）noise when we stay in public quiet areas. 3. Please ________（踢）gently if you have to touch the seat in front of you. 4. All the ________（乘客）seemed unhappy about the loud music. 5. The wall has clear ________（指示牌）telling us the train rules. 6. Her ________（诚实）moved me a lot after she broke my flowerpot. 7. The guide tells us the ________（基础的）rules to stay safe online. 8. Don't post your ________（个人的）information on social media. 9. You must ________（避免）meeting online strangers in real life. 10. When you meet cyberbullying, turn to trusted adults for ________（帮助）. 【答案解析】 1. smelly；解析：形容词作表语，smelly food 异味食物，课文原词。 2. reduce；解析：情态动词should后接动词原形。 3. kick；解析：祈使句，动词原形开头。 4. passengers；解析：all后名词用复数。 5. signs；解析：表泛指多处指示牌，使用复数。 6. honesty；解析：形容词性物主代词her后接名词。 7. basic；解析：形容词修饰名词rules，basic rules 基础准则。 8. personal；解析：personal information 固定搭配，个人信息。 9. avoid；解析：情态动词must后接动词原形。 10. help；解析：固定搭配 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助。 三、单项选择。 ( )1. —Why did you cover your nose on the train? —The food the man ate was so _______. A. private B. smelly C. basic D. careless ( )2. I covered my ears _______ the noise coming from the girl's phone. A. to reduce B. to kick C. to cheat D. to spread ( )3. The mother didn't _______ her child and let him kick other people's seats. A. limit B. look after C. avoid D. trust ( )4. The signs on the wall tell us rules we all need to _______. A. play by the rules B. clear your throat C. take a deep breath D. pick up mess ( )5. —What will you do if someone breaks public rules? —I won't be a _______; I will politely remind him. A. passenger B. fool C. lawyer D. citizen ( )6. Before speaking to the noisy passengers, I _______ to catch their attention. A. cleared my throat B. covered my nose C. picked up packets D. spread messages ( )7. Posting too much personal information online _______ your online safety. A. has a good effect on B. has a bad effect on C. is good at D. takes part in ( )8. _______ the strict traffic rules, the taxi driver drove fast to send the sick man to the hospital. A. Except for B. Because of C. Instead of D. In spite of ( )9. It is _______ to share your passport number with online strangers. A. simply B. really C. careless D. yet ( )10. The guide teaches us how to _______ cyberbullying when we chat online. A. deal with B. give up C. throw away D. light up 【答案解析】 1. B；解析：smelly意为有臭味的，对应捂住鼻子的动作；其余词义不符合语境。 2. A；解析：不定式表目的，reduce noise 降低噪音，贴合原文行为。 3. B；解析：look after 照看；句意：这位母亲没有管好自己的孩子。 4. A；解析：play by the rules 遵守规则，为本单元核心主题短语。 5. B；解析：fool 傻子，指不会做视而不见的人。 6. A；解析：clear one's throat 清清嗓子，是开口说话前的标准动作。 7. B；解析：has a bad effect on 对……产生不良影响，泄露隐私危害网络安全。 8. D；解析：in spite of 尽管，句意为尽管有严格的交通规则，司机为急救病人超速行驶。 9. C；解析：careless 粗心的，向网友泄露证件号是粗心危险行为。 10. A；解析：deal with 处理、应对，指如何应对网络霸凌。 四、完成句子。 1. 我走到安静区域，为了能安静看书。 I went to a quiet area ________ ________ ________ read.（教材原句） 2. 我捂住鼻子，为了减少难闻食物的气味。 I covered my nose ________ ________ ________ reduce the smell of smelly food.（教材原句） 3. 男孩不停地踢我的座椅，我鼓起勇气让他停下来。 The boy kept ________ my seat, and I asked him ________ ________ . 4. 墙上的指示牌写着“请勿食用异味食物”，我们都应该遵守规则。 The ________ on the wall says "No smelly food"， and we all need to ________ ________ ________. 5. 那个男孩打碎花盆后留下纸条向我道歉，他的诚实让我很敬佩。 The boy left a note ________ ________ sorry to me after breaking my ________, and I respected his ________. 6. 我写下这个故事，为了传递善意与快乐。 I write down this story ________ ________ ________ spread kindness and happiness. 7. 上网时避免发布私人信息是保障网络安全的基础规则。 Avoiding posting________ ________ online is a basic rule to stay safe online. 8. 如果你遭遇网络霸凌，不要回复恶意消息，向父母或老师求助。 If you experience cyberbullying, don't reply to bad messages and ________ ________ your parents or teachers ________ help. 【答案解析】 1. in order to或so as to；解析：in order to + 动词原形，表目的“为了”。本题答案也可用 so as to。 2. in order to或so as to；解析：so as to 引导目的状语，答案也可用in order to。 3. kicking; to stop；解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth.持续做；ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做。 4. sign; play by the rules；解析：sign指示牌；play by the rules 遵守规则。 5. to say; flowerpot; honesty；解析：不定式表留纸条的目的；flowerpot花盆；honesty名词诚实。 6. in order to / so as to；解析：两种目的结构均可。 7. personal information ；解析：个人信息。 8. turn to; for；解析：固定短语 turn to sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助。 五、用所给词适当形式完成句子。 1. The girl opposite me played loud music, which made all the ________ (passenger) upset. 2. I covered my ears ________ (reduce) the terrible noise on the train. 3. The ________ (smell) food brought great trouble to everyone around the man. 4. The boy behind kept ________ (kick) my seat, and my anger grew quickly. 5. We can see clear ________ (sign) about public rules everywhere on high-speed trains. 6. His ________ (honest) touched me deeply after he admitted breaking my flowerpot. 7. There are five ________ (base) online safety rules in the reading guide. 8. Don't be ________ (care) with your passwords, or strangers may cheat you easily. 【答案解析】 1. passengers；解析：all后可数名词使用复数。 2. to reduce；解析：不定式作目的状语，表捂住耳朵的目的。 3. smelly；解析：形容词修饰名词food。 4. kicking；解析：keep doing sth. 持续做某事，固定搭配。 5. signs；解析：无单数限定词，表多处指示牌用复数。 6. honesty；解析：物主代词his后接名词。 7. basic；解析：形容词修饰名词rules。 8. careless；解析：be careless 粗心大意，符合网络安全语境。 一、用方框中所给词汇或短语的正确形式填空，每词只能使用一次。 opposite, smell, reduce, kick, passenger, sign, look after, play by the rules, stop, avoid After a busy workday, I took the train home and sat in a quiet area.1.________ me was a girl playing loud music. I covered my ears 2.________ the noise, but then a man beside me took out packets of 3.________ food. Next, a boy behind started 4.________ my seat again and again. His mother didn't 5.________ him well and said he was just a kid. All the other 6.________ felt unhappy but said nothing. I looked at the 7.________on the wall, which told us we must 8.________. We should 9.________ breaking public rules to make public space comfortable. At last, I took a deep breath, stood up and spoke politely 10.________ the bad behaviour . 【答案解析】 1. Opposite；解析：介词在句首，首字母大写，表“在我对面”。 2. to reduce；解析：不定式表降噪的目的。 3. smelly；解析：用形容词修饰food，课文核心短语smelly food。 4. kicking；解析：start doing sth. 开始做某事。 5. look after；解析：didn't后接动词原形，look after 照看小孩。 6. passengers；解析：all other后接名词复数。 7. signs；解析：墙上多块指示牌，用复数。 8. play by the rules；解析：情态动词must后用原形短语，遵守规则。 9. avoid；解析：should后接动词原形，avoid doing sth. 避免做某事。 10. to stop; 解析：不定式作目的状语，我深呼吸起身礼貌的说话去阻止这些不文明行为。 二、阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，每词限用一次。 Online Safety Rules Now the Internet brings new risks for every 1.________ (citizen), so we need to follow some 2.________ (base) rules to stay safe online. First, keep your 3.________ (person) information private. 4.________ (avoid) posting your address or passport number online, and limit who can see your messages.Second, set a strong password and change it often—don't be 5.________ (care).Third, be aware of online strangers and never meet them in real life, because they may 6.________ (cheat) you. If you experience cyberbullying, don't reply to bad messages. Turn to trusted adults for help instead of facing the trouble alone. Bad online 7.________ (behave) always has costs, so think twice before posting anything online. With the fast 8.________ (develop) of the Internet, these rules become more and more important for us 9.________ (stay) away from danger. We should learn to use the Internet 10.________ (wise) and follow the rules in our hearts. 【答案解析】 1. citizen；解析：every后接可数名词单数。 2. basic；解析：形容词修饰rules，基础网络安全准则。 3. personal；解析：personal information 个人信息，固定搭配。 4. Avoid；解析：祈使句动词原形放句首，首字母大写。 5. careless；解析：be careless 粗心的，设置密码不能粗心。 6. cheat；解析：情态动词may后接动词原形。 7. behaviour；解析：名词作句子主语，线上不良行为。 8. development；解析：形容词fast后接名词，with the development of 随着……的发展。 9. to stay；解析：不定式作后置定语，对我们远离危险。 10. wisely；解析：副词修饰动词use，理智使用网络。 三、完形填空，阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。 Why Rules Matter Everywhere Everywhere we go, there are rules. On the train, we must not play loud music or eat 1.________ food. We can't 2.________ other people's seats, and parents need to 3.________ their kids well. All the 4.________ on the wall tell us these clear rules for passengers. The Internet also needs new rules. The Internet makes it easy to get in touch with any online 5.________, but it also brings risks. If you are 6.________ and post your phone number online, online strangers may cheat you. We have to 7.________ sharing private information with unknown people. When cyberbullying happens, don't be a 8.________ who keeps silent—ask teachers or parents for help. Rules are the foundation of good order. They are not only on walls but also in our minds. We follow rules 9.________ make public life safe and comfortable. Even in some urgent situations, we should think twice before breaking rules, because careless rule-breaking may 10.________ bad results for everyone around us. 1. ( ) A. private B. smelly C. basic D. honest 2. ( ) A. kick B. reduce C. cheat D. spread 3. ( ) A. clear your throat B. take a deep breath C. look after D. pick up 4. ( ) A. packets B. signs C. flowerpots D. passwords 5. ( ) A. fool B. passenger C. citizen D. stranger 6. ( ) A. careless B. urgent C. opposite D. basic 7. ( ) A. avoid B. limit C. trust D. behave 8. ( ) A. lawyer B. fool C. enemy D. netizen 9. ( ) A. so as B. in order that C. in order to D. such as to 10. ( ) A. cause B. reduce C. kick D. spread 【答案解析】 1. B；解析：smelly food 异味食物，课文火车场景核心词汇。 2. A；解析：kick seats 踢座椅，文中典型违规行为。 3. C；解析：look after kids 照看孩子，家长应尽的义务。 4. B；解析：signs 指示牌，火车上张贴规则标识。 5. D；解析：online stranger 网络陌生人。 6. A；解析：careless 粗心的，随意泄露个人信息是粗心行为。 7. A；解析：avoid doing sth. 避免做某事，不要随意分享隐私。 8. B；解析：fool 傻子，遭遇网络霸凌沉默是不明智的。 9. C；解析：in order to + 动词原形，引导目的状语；in order that后接从句。 10. A；解析：cause bad results 造成不良后果，cause作动词表示“引发、造成”。 $