Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语人教版必修第二册

**基本信息** 围绕“文化遗产”主题，构建“词汇-语法-语篇”渐进式训练体系，强化语言能力与文化意识融合 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单词拼写|10题|基础词汇应用|从核心名词/动词入手，夯实主题词汇基础| |词形转换|10题|词性变化训练|通过同源词转换，构建词汇网络| |短语填空|10题|固定搭配运用|聚焦主题相关短语，强化语境应用| |完成句子|5题|句式结构训练|结合核心句式，提升语言表达准确性| |单句语法填空|10题|语法规则运用|以定语从句为核心，深化语法理解| |完形填空|15题|语篇综合理解|围绕文化遗产保护，考查上下文逻辑| |语法填空|10题|语篇语法应用|在文化遗产主题语篇中，综合运用语法| |阅读理解|5题|信息获取与分析|通过条形码历史，拓展文化视野|

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 根据首字母或中文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. The local government has set up a special c________ to manage the protection of the ancient city. 2. It is our duty to p________ these historic buildings from being damaged by natural disasters. 3. The successful a________ of new technology in heritage conservation has set a good example for other countries. 4. To our great disappointment, the old temple was completely destroyed, which was a great l________ to our cultural research. 5. The experts are making an a________ to find a better way to preserve the unearthed relics. 6. The famous musician will c________ a series of concerts to raise money for the protection of cultural heritage. 7. The museum is famous for its rich collection of cultural r________ from the Tang Dynasty. 8. The two countries signed an agreement to p________ cultural exchanges and mutual understanding. 9. The old town's unique architecture is a sharp c________ to the modern skyscrapers nearby. 10. The government's new policy on heritage protection has received wide public support, and it is w________ to continue. 二、词形转换（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. With his great ________ (creative), the young artist produced many amazing ________ (create) that attracted worldwide attention. 2. All the ________ (apply) are required to fill in the ________ (apply) form carefully before the deadline. 3. The manager ________ (propose) a new plan at the meeting, and his ________ (proposal) was supported by most members. 4. A ________ (balance) diet and regular exercise are both important for our health. We should learn to keep a ________ (balance) between work and life. 5. The ________ (lose) of the ancient book made the historian very sad. He had been searching for the ________ (lose) book for years. 6. The local residents are making a great ________ (contribute) to the restoration project. Everyone is encouraged to ________ (contribute) their time and effort. 7. The police are carrying out an ________ (investigate) into the case of the stolen cultural relics. They need to ________ (investigate) all the details. 8. It is ________ (like) that the old bridge will be repaired soon, but it is ________ (likely) to be completed within a month due to lack of funds. 9. The government has placed a ________ (limit) on the number of tourists visiting the heritage site to reduce the ________ (limit) damage caused by overtourism. 10. A careful ________ (comparison) of the two paintings shows that they were created by different artists. If you ________ (compare) them, you will find the differences. 三、短语填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 选用方框内的短语填空，注意形式变化。 give way to turn to take part in make a proposal prevent...from... keep a balance be familiar with donate...to... lead to work together for a better tomorrow 1. It is a great challenge for the government to ________ between development and environmental protection. 2. The young man decided to ________ a large sum of money ________ the local school to support cultural education. 3. We should never ________ difficulties. Instead, we should face them bravely and find solutions. 4. If you are not sure about the answer, you can ________ your textbook for reference. 5. Wearing masks can effectively ________ people ________ getting infected with viruses. 6. More than 100 volunteers ________ the activity to clean up the ancient temple last weekend. 7. He stood up and ________ that the school should organize more cultural exchange programs. 8. As a tour guide, you should ________ the local history and culture to provide better service. 9. Different countries need to ________ to solve global problems like climate change and poverty. 10. Too much pressure from work and study may ________ serious mental health problems. 四、完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据所给句式和中文提示完成句子。 1. 句式：There comes a time when... ________________________________（新旧更替的时代已经到来）, and we must learn to adapt to the changes. 2. 句式：not only...but also... ________________________________（他不但提出了一个建设性的建议）, but also he volunteered to be responsible for the whole project. 3. 句式：neither...nor... ________________________________（我们既不应当放弃希望）nor should we stop taking action to protect our cultural heritage. 4. 句式：find it + adj. + to do Many young people _______________________________（发现保护非物质文化遗产非常重要）and they are actively getting involved. 5. 句式：It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. to do ________________________________（对于我们所有人来说，参与文化遗产的保护是很有必要的）so that future generations can also enjoy them. 五、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The temple, ________ (build) in the 16th century, has become a symbol of the city. 2. He is the only expert ________ has a thorough knowledge of this ancient art form. 3. This is the most famous heritage site ________ I have ever visited in China. 4. The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was that he was caught in a traffic jam. 5. The scientist and his achievements ________ we heard about yesterday are well-known in academic circles. 6. The old building, ________ roof was damaged in the storm, is now under repair. 7. I will never forget the day ________ I first visited the Mogao Caves. 8. The new policy, ________ aims to protect cultural heritage, has received wide support. 9. The company has decided to donate a large amount of money to the charity, ________ helps preserve historical sites. 10. The man ________ you spoke to just now is the director of the heritage protection project. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The preservation of cultural heritage is a race against time. For centuries, historical sites and artifacts have been 1.______ threats from natural disasters, wars, and human activities. However, in recent years, a new and perhaps more insidious 2.______ has emerged: climate change. As global temperatures rise and extreme weather events become more frequent, many irreplaceable cultural treasures are at 3.______. Take the ancient city of Venice, for example. This floating city, famous for its canals and Renaissance architecture, is increasingly 4.______ to flooding. The phenomenon of "acqua alta" (high water) is becoming more 5.______ and severe, damaging the foundations of historic buildings and 6.______ priceless artworks. Similarly, the prehistoric cave paintings in Lascaux, France, are being threatened by changes in the cave's microclimate, which 7.______ the growth of damaging fungi. The impact of climate change is not limited to physical sites. 8.______ heritage, such as traditional farming methods, seasonal festivals, and local dialects, is also vulnerable. As weather patterns shift, communities 9.______ have practiced these traditions for generations are forced to adapt or abandon them. This leads to a slow 10.______ of cultural diversity. Despite these challenges, efforts to 11.______ cultural heritage are gaining momentum. Scientists, engineers, and conservationists are working together to develop 12.______ solutions. In some cases, this involves strengthening the 13.______ of existing structures. In others, it means creating digital records of artifacts and sites so that they can be 14.______ and studied even if the originals are lost. The fight to preserve our past is a long and difficult one, but it is a fight we cannot afford to 15.______. Our cultural heritage is not just a collection of old objects; it is the story of who we are. 1. A. facing B. avoiding C. defeating D. causing 2. A. factor B. threat C. chance D. issue 3. A. ease B. peace C. risk D. loss 4. A. beneficial B. resistant C. harmful D. vulnerable 5. A. rare B. frequent C. predictable D. stable 6. A. protecting B. restoring C. damaging D. creating 7. A. prevents B. encourages C. reduces D. stops 8. A. Tangible B. Intangible C. Cultural D. Natural 9. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 10.A. increase B. improvement C. loss D. development 11.A. ignore B. destroy C. preserve D. create 12.A. traditional B. expensive C. innovative D. simple 13.A. beauty B. structure C. value D. history 14.A. purchased B. replaced C. accessed D. sold 15.A. win B. start C. continue D. lose 七、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The idea of cultural heritage has always been important, but it has taken on a new urgency in the modern era. 1.______ the world becomes more interconnected, there is a growing awareness that many traditions and historical sites are 2.______ threat. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) plays a vital role in this field. It maintains a list of World Heritage Sites, places 3.______ are considered to have "outstanding universal value". One such site is the Old City of Jerusalem, which is sacred to three major religions. 4.______ (preserve) its unique character is a complex and sensitive task. The city's 5.______ (history) buildings and narrow streets tell stories of centuries of human civilization. However, the rapid pace of modernization and the ongoing political tensions in the region create constant challenges for those 6.______ are responsible for its protection. Another significant example is the Great Barrier Reef, a natural heritage site of 7.______ (extreme) rich biodiversity. Climate change, leading to ocean warming and acidification, is causing widespread coral bleaching. Scientists 8.______ (conduct) a number of studies to understand the process and are attempting to find ways to protect the reef. Their work is a race against time, as the reef 9.______ (damage) severely if immediate action is not taken. The protection of cultural heritage is not just a job for governments and international organizations. It is our shared responsibility. Only by working together can we ensure that these invaluable treasures are 10.______ (preserve) for the benefit of future generations. 八、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 [2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 · 改编] The "humble" barcode (条形码) is celebrating its 50th anniversary. On a spring morning in 1974, a pack of Wrigley's chewing gum became the first product to be scanned with a Universal Product Code (UPC) at a supermarket in Ohio. This seemingly simple event marked the beginning of a technological revolution that would transform global trade and industry. The barcode's journey from a clever idea to a world standard is a story of innovation and persistence. It was invented by Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver, who were inspired by Morse code. The first patent for a barcode-like system was filed in 1952. However, it took decades for the technology to become commercially viable. The challenge was not just in creating the code, but also in developing the lasers and computers needed to read it quickly and accurately. It was the supermarket industry that finally pushed the barcode into the mainstream. They needed a way to speed up the checkout process and reduce errors. In the 1970s, a committee was formed to create a standard code. The committee selected the UPC, which was developed by George Laurer. The success of the barcode was not instant. Many store owners were skeptical, and the initial cost of installing the scanners was high. However, as the technology improved and costs fell, the barcode's efficiency became undeniable. Today, the barcode is a ubiquitous part of our lives. It can be found on almost every product we buy, from food to clothing to electronics. It is used to track luggage, manage inventory, and even identify patients in hospitals. The barcode has fundamentally changed how we manage and move goods around the world, making supply chains faster, more efficient, and more reliable. Though we may not always see it, the tiny black-and-white lines are a silent engine of the modern economy. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? - A. To describe the inventor of the barcode. - B. To explain the technical details of the UPC. - C. To discuss the history and impact of the barcode. - D. To advertise the benefits of using barcodes in supermarkets. 2. What was a major obstacle to the early adoption of the barcode? - A. The lack of a standard code. - B. The high cost of the required technology. - C. The opposition from supermarket owners. - D. The public's unfamiliarity with the technology. 3. According to the passage, what role did the supermarket industry play in the development of the barcode? - A. They invented the UPC. - B. They funded the initial research. - C. They created the demand for a solution. - D. They were the first to use lasers. 4. The underlined word "ubiquitous" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to: - A. expensive - B. uncommon - C. everywhere - D. efficient 5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a current use of the barcode? - A. Tracking luggage. - B. Managing inventory. - C. Identifying patients. - D. Delivering online orders. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 参考答案 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单词拼写 1. committee 2. preserve 3. application 4. loss 5. attempt 6. conduct 7. relics 8. promote 9. contrast 10. worthwhile 二、词形转换 1. creativity; creations 2. applicants; application 3. proposed; proposal 4. balanced; balance 5. loss; lost 6. contribution; contribute 7. investigation; investigate 8. likely; unlikely 9. limit; limited 10. comparison; compare 三、短语填空 1. keep a balance 2. donate; to 3. give way to 4. turn to 5. prevent; from 6. took part in 7. made a proposal 8. be familiar with 9. work together for a better tomorrow 10. lead to 四、完成句子 1. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new 2. Not only did he put forward a constructive proposal 3. Neither should we give up hope 4. find it very important to protect intangible cultural heritage 5. It is necessary for all of us to take part in the protection of cultural heritage 五、单句语法填空 1. built 2. that/who 3. that 4. why 5. that 6. whose 7. when 8. which 9. which 10. (who/whom/that) 综合攻坚·知能拔高 六、完形填空 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D 七、语法填空 1. As 2. under 3. which/that 4. Preserving 5. historic/historical 6. who 7. extremely 8. have conducted 9. will be damaged 10. preserved 八、阅读理解 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. The local government has set up a special c________ to manage the protection of the ancient city. 【答案】committee 【解析】句意：当地政府已经成立了一个特别委员会来管理古城的保护工作。根据"a special c________"和"to manage the protection"可知，此处指"委员会"。故填committee。 2. It is our duty to p________ these historic buildings from being damaged by natural disasters. 【答案】preserve 【解析】句意：保护这些历史建筑免遭自然灾害破坏是我们的责任。根据"p________ these historic buildings from being damaged"和首字母提示可知，此处表示"保护"，且搭配preserve...from...。故填preserve。 3. The successful a________ of new technology in heritage conservation has set a good example for other countries. 【答案】application 【解析】句意：新技术在遗产保护中的成功应用为其他国家树立了良好榜样。根据"the successful a________ of new technology"可知，此处表示"应用"，且为名词形式。故填application。 4. To our great disappointment, the old temple was completely destroyed, which was a great l________ to our cultural research. 【答案】loss 【解析】句意：令我们非常失望的是，这座古庙被完全摧毁了，这对我们的文化研究是一个巨大的损失。根据"a great l________ to our cultural research"可知，此处表示"损失"，用名词loss。故填loss。 5. The experts are making an a________ to find a better way to preserve the unearthed relics. 【答案】attempt 【解析】句意：专家们正在尝试寻找更好的方法来保护出土文物。make an attempt to do sth.为固定搭配，意为"尝试做某事"。故填attempt。 6. The famous musician will c________ a series of concerts to raise money for the protection of cultural heritage. 【答案】conduct 【解析】句意：这位著名音乐家将举办一系列音乐会，为文化遗产保护筹集资金。根据"c________ a series of concerts"可知，此处表示"举办、进行"，用动词conduct。故填conduct。 7. The museum is famous for its rich collection of cultural r________ from the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】relics 【解析】句意：这座博物馆以其丰富的唐代文物收藏而闻名。cultural relics为固定搭配，意为"文物"。故填relics。 8. The two countries signed an agreement to p________ cultural exchanges and mutual understanding. 【答案】promote 【解析】句意：两国签署了一项协议，以促进文化交流和相互理解。根据"p________ cultural exchanges"可知，此处表示"促进"，用动词promote。故填promote。 9. The old town's unique architecture is a sharp c________ to the modern skyscrapers nearby. 【答案】contrast 【解析】句意：古镇独特的建筑与附近现代的摩天大楼形成了鲜明对比。a sharp contrast to为固定搭配，意为"与……形成鲜明对比"。故填contrast。 10. The government's new policy on heritage protection has received wide public support, and it is w________ to continue. 【答案】worthwhile 【解析】句意：政府关于遗产保护的新政策得到了公众的广泛支持，值得继续推行。此处作表语，表示"值得的"，用形容词worthwhile。故填worthwhile。 二、词形转换（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 1. With his great ________ (creative), the young artist produced many amazing ________ (create) that attracted worldwide attention. 【答案】creativity; creations 【解析】第一空作介词with的宾语，用名词creativity，表示"创造力"；第二空作produced的宾语，表示"作品"，用可数名词creations。句意：凭借其伟大的创造力，这位年轻艺术家创作了许多令人惊叹的作品，引起了全世界的关注。 2. All the ________ (apply) are required to fill in the ________ (apply) form carefully before the deadline. 【答案】applicants; application 【解析】第一空作主语，表示"申请人"，用名词applicants；第二空修饰form，表示"申请表"，用名词application。句意：所有申请人都被要求在截止日期前仔细填写申请表。 3. The manager ________ (propose) a new plan at the meeting, and his ________ (proposal) was supported by most members. 【答案】proposed; proposal 【解析】第一空作谓语，描述过去动作，用过去式proposed；第二空作主语，表示"提议"，用名词proposal。句意：经理在会上提出了一项新计划，他的提议得到了大多数成员的支持。 4. A ________ (balance) diet and regular exercise are both important for our health. We should learn to keep a ________ (balance) between work and life. 【答案】balanced; balance 【解析】第一空修饰diet，表示"均衡的"，用形容词balanced；第二空作keep的宾语，表示"平衡"，用名词balance。句意：均衡的饮食和规律的锻炼对我们的健康都很重要。我们应该学会保持工作和生活之间的平衡。 5. The ________ (lose) of the ancient book made the historian very sad. He had been searching for the ________ (lose) book for years. 【答案】loss; lost 【解析】第一空作主语，表示"丢失"，用名词loss；第二空修饰book，表示"丢失的"，用形容词lost。句意：这本古书的丢失让这位历史学家非常伤心。他已经寻找这本丢失的书好多年了。 6. The local residents are making a great ________ (contribute) to the restoration project. Everyone is encouraged to ________ (contribute) their time and effort. 【答案】contribution; contribute 【解析】第一空作make的宾语，表示"贡献"，用名词contribution；第二空作谓语，表示"贡献"，用动词contribute。句意：当地居民正在为修复项目做出巨大贡献。鼓励每个人都贡献自己的时间和精力。 7. The police are carrying out an ________ (investigate) into the case of the stolen cultural relics. They need to ________ (investigate) all the details. 【答案】investigation; investigate 【解析】第一空作carrying out的宾语，表示"调查"，用名词investigation；第二空作谓语，表示"调查"，用动词investigate。句意：警方正在对被盗文物案进行调查。他们需要仔细调查所有细节。 8. It is ________ (like) that the old bridge will be repaired soon, but it is ________ (likely) to be completed within a month due to lack of funds. 【答案】likely; unlikely 【解析】第一空在It is ________ that从句中作表语，表示"可能的"，用likely；第二空表示"不太可能的"，用反义词unlikely。句意：这座古桥很可能很快会修复，但由于资金短缺，不太可能在一个月内完成。 9. The government has placed a ________ (limit) on the number of tourists visiting the heritage site to reduce the ________ (limit) damage caused by overtourism. 【答案】limit; limited 【解析】第一空作placed的宾语，表示"限制"，用名词limit；第二空修饰damage，表示"有限的"，用形容词limited。句意：政府已经限制了参观遗产地的游客数量，以减少过度旅游造成的有限损害。 10. A careful ________ (comparison) of the two paintings shows that they were created by different artists. If you ________ (compare) them, you will find the differences. 【答案】comparison; compare 【解析】第一空作主语，表示"比较"，用名词comparison；第二空作谓语，表示"比较"，用动词compare。句意：对这两幅画的仔细比较表明它们是由不同的艺术家创作的。如果你比较它们，你会发现不同之处。 三、短语填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 选用方框内的短语填空，注意形式变化。 give way to turn to take part in make a proposal prevent...from... keep a balance be familiar with donate...to... lead to work together for a better tomorrow 1. It is a great challenge for the government to ________ between development and environmental protection. 【答案】keep a balance 【解析】句意：对于政府来说，在发展和环境保护之间保持平衡是一个巨大的挑战。keep a balance between A and B为固定搭配，意为"在A和B之间保持平衡"。 2. The young man decided to ________ a large sum of money ________ the local school to support cultural education. 【答案】donate; to 【解析】句意：这位年轻人决定向当地学校捐赠一大笔钱来支持文化教育。donate...to...为固定搭配，意为"向……捐赠……"。 3. We should never ________ difficulties. Instead, we should face them bravely and find solutions. 【答案】give way to 【解析】句意：我们绝不应该向困难屈服。相反，我们应该勇敢面对并找到解决方案。give way to意为"让步；屈服"，符合语境。 4. If you are not sure about the answer, you can ________ your textbook for reference. 【答案】turn to 【解析】句意：如果你不确定答案，可以查阅你的教科书作为参考。turn to此处意为"查阅；求助于"。 5. Wearing masks can effectively ________ people ________ getting infected with viruses. 【答案】prevent; from 【解析】句意：戴口罩可以有效防止人们感染某些呼吸道病毒。prevent...from...为固定搭配，意为"阻止……做……"。 6. More than 100 volunteers ________ the activity to clean up the ancient temple last weekend. 【答案】took part in 【解析】句意：上周末，100多名志愿者参加了清洁古庙的活动。take part in意为"参加（活动）"，根据时间状语last weekend，用过去式took part in。 7. He stood up and ________ that the school should organize more cultural exchange programs. 【答案】made a proposal 【解析】句意：他站起来提议学校应该组织更多的文化交流项目。make a proposal为固定搭配，意为"提出建议"。 8. As a tour guide, you should ________ the local history and culture to provide better service for tourists. 【答案】be familiar with 【解析】句意：作为一名导游，你应该熟悉当地的历史和文化，以提供更好的服务。be familiar with意为"熟悉"。 9. Different countries need to ________ to solve global problems like climate change and poverty. 【答案】work together for a better tomorrow 【解析】句意：不同国家需要共同努力创造更美好的明天，以解决气候变化和贫困等全球性问题。work together for a better tomorrow为本单元核心短语。 10. Too much pressure from work and study may ________ serious mental health problems. 【答案】lead to 【解析】句意：工作和学习上的过大压力可能导致严重的心理健康问题。lead to意为"导致"，后接名词或动名词。 四、完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 1. 句式：There comes a time when... ______________（新旧更替的时代已经到来）, and we must learn to adapt to the changes. 【答案】There comes a time when the old must give way to the new 【解析】考查句型"There comes a time when..."，意为"……的时代已经到来"。when引导定语从句修饰time。 2. 句式：not only...but also... ______________（他不但提出了一个建设性的建议）, but also he volunteered to be responsible for the whole project. 【答案】Not only did he put forward a constructive proposal 【解析】考查"not only...but also..."倒装句型。not only置于句首时，所在句子需部分倒装，将助动词did提前。put forward a proposal意为"提出建议"。 3. 句式：neither...nor... ______________（我们既不应当放弃希望）nor should we stop taking action to protect our cultural heritage. 【答案】Neither should we give up hope 【解析】考查"neither...nor..."结构。neither置于句首时，句子需部分倒装，将情态动词should提前。give up hope意为"放弃希望"。 4. 句式：find it + adj. + to do Many young people ________（发现保护非物质文化遗产非常重要）and they are actively getting involved. 【答案】find it very important to protect intangible cultural heritage 【解析】考查"find it + adj. + to do"结构，其中it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正宾语。intangible cultural heritage意为"非物质文化遗产"。 5. 句式：It is/was + adj. + for/of sb. to do ______________（对于我们所有人来说，参与文化遗产的保护是很有必要的）so that future generations can also enjoy them. 【答案】It is necessary for all of us to take part in the protection of cultural heritage 【解析】考查"It is + adj. + for sb. to do"结构，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语。take part in意为"参与"。 五、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. The temple, ________ (build) in the 16th century, has become a symbol of the city. 【答案】built 【解析】句意：这座建于16世纪的寺庙已成为这座城市的象征。build与temple之间为被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词built作后置定语，相当于which was built。 2. He is the only expert ________ has a thorough knowledge of this ancient art form. 【答案】that/who 【解析】句意：他是唯一一位对这种古老艺术形式有全面了解的专家。先行词expert指人，且被the only修饰，关系代词可用who或that。在"the only + 名词"结构中，定语从句谓语用单数。 3. This is the most famous heritage site ________ I have ever visited in China. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：这是我在中国参观过的最著名的遗产地。先行词被形容词最高级the most famous修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 4. The reason ________ he was late for the meeting was that he was caught in a traffic jam. 【答案】why 【解析】句意：他开会迟到的原因是他遇到了交通堵塞。先行词为reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why引导。也可用for which。 5. The scientist and his achievements ________ we heard about yesterday are well-known in academic circles. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：我们昨天听说的那位科学家和他的成就在学术界都很出名。先行词既指人（scientist）又指物（achievements），关系代词只能用that。 6. The old building, ________ roof was damaged in the storm, is now under repair. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：那座屋顶在暴风雨中受损的老建筑正在修缮中。先行词building与roof之间为所属关系，用whose作定语，相当于of which the roof。 7. I will never forget the day ________ I first visited the Mogao Caves. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记第一次参观莫高窟的那一天。先行词为the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 8. The new policy, ________ aims to protect cultural heritage, has received wide support. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：旨在保护文化遗产的新政策得到了广泛支持。先行词为policy，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，用which引导。非限制性定语从句不能用that。 9. The company has decided to donate a large amount of money to the charity, ________ helps preserve historical sites. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：该公司决定向慈善机构捐赠一大笔钱，这有助于保护历史遗迹。关系代词指代前面整个主句内容，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导。 10. The man ________ you spoke to just now is the director of the heritage protection project. 【答案】who/whom/that 【解析】句意：你刚才与之交谈的那个人是遗产保护项目的负责人。先行词man指人，在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，关系代词可用whom/who/that，也可省略。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The preservation of cultural heritage is a race against time. For centuries, historical sites and artifacts have been 1.______ threats from natural disasters, wars, and human activities. However, in recent years, a new and perhaps more insidious 2.______ has emerged: climate change. As global temperatures rise and extreme weather events become more frequent, many irreplaceable cultural treasures are at 3.______. Take the ancient city of Venice, for example. This floating city, famous for its canals and Renaissance architecture, is increasingly 4.______ to flooding. The phenomenon of "acqua alta" (high water) is becoming more 5.______ and severe, damaging the foundations of historic buildings and 6.______ priceless artworks. Similarly, the prehistoric cave paintings in Lascaux, France, are being threatened by changes in the cave's microclimate, which 7.______ the growth of damaging fungi. The impact of climate change is not limited to physical sites. 8.______ heritage, such as traditional farming methods, seasonal festivals, and local dialects, is also vulnerable. As weather patterns shift, communities 9.______ have practiced these traditions for generations are forced to adapt or abandon them. This leads to a slow 10.______ of cultural diversity. Despite these challenges, efforts to 11.______ cultural heritage are gaining momentum. Scientists, engineers, and conservationists are working together to develop 12.______ solutions. In some cases, this involves strengthening the 13.______ of existing structures. In others, it means creating digital records of artifacts and sites so that they can be 14.______ and studied even if the originals are lost. The fight to preserve our past is a long and difficult one, but it is a fight we cannot afford to 15.______. Our cultural heritage is not just a collection of old objects; it is the story of who we are. 1. A. facing B. avoiding C. defeating D. causing 2. A. factor B. threat C. chance D. issue 3. A. ease B. peace C. risk D. loss 4. A. beneficial B. resistant C. harmful D. vulnerable 5. A. rare B. frequent C. predictable D. stable 6. A. protecting B. restoring C. damaging D. creating 7. A. prevents B. encourages C. reduces D. stops 8. A. Tangible B. Intangible C. Cultural D. Natural 9. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 10.A. increase B. improvement C. loss D. development 11.A. ignore B. destroy C. preserve D. create 12.A. traditional B. expensive C. innovative D. simple 13.A. beauty B. structure C. value D. history 14.A. purchased B. replaced C. accessed D. sold 15.A. win B. start C. continue D. lose 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D 【试题剖析】 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，本文主要阐述了气候变化对文化遗产（包括物质和非物质）构成的严重威胁，并以威尼斯和拉斯科洞穴为例进行说明，同时介绍了科学家和保护主义者正在采取的创新性保护措施，强调了保护文化遗产的重要性。 1. 句意：几个世纪以来，历史遗迹和文物一直面临着来自自然灾害、战争和人类活动的威胁。A. facing 面临；B. avoiding 避免；C. defeating 击败；D. causing 导致。根据上文"The preservation of cultural heritage is a race against time."（文化遗产的保护是一场与时间的赛跑。）以及下文"threats from natural disasters, wars, and human activities"（来自自然灾害、战争和人类活动的威胁）可知，文化遗产一直在"面临"这些威胁。故答案为A。 2. 句意：然而，近年来，一种新的且或许更隐蔽的威胁出现了：气候变化。A. factor 因素；B. threat 威胁；C. chance 机会；D. issue 问题。根据上文"threats from natural disasters, wars, and human activities"（来自自然灾害、战争和人类活动的威胁）以及本句中的"a new and perhaps more insidious... has emerged: climate change"（一种新的且或许更隐蔽的……出现了：气候变化）可知，此处指一种新的"威胁"。故答案为B。 3. 句意：随着全球气温上升和极端天气事件变得更加频繁，许多不可替代的文化瑰宝正面临风险。A. ease 安逸；B. peace 和平；C. risk 风险；D. loss 损失。根据固定搭配"at risk"意为"处于风险中"，且上文提到气候变化带来的威胁，可知文化遗产"面临风险"。故答案为C。 4. 句意：这座以运河和文艺复兴建筑而闻名的水上城市越来越容易受到洪水的侵袭。A. beneficial 有益的；B. resistant 抵抗的；C. harmful 有害的；D. vulnerable 脆弱的、易受攻击的。根据下文"The phenomenon of 'acqua alta' (high water) is becoming more frequent and severe, damaging the foundations of historic buildings"（"高水位"现象变得越来越频繁和严重，损坏了历史建筑的地基）可知，威尼斯"易受"洪水侵袭。be vulnerable to为固定搭配，意为"易受……影响的"。故答案为D。 5. 句意："高水位"现象变得越来越频繁和严重，损坏了历史建筑的地基和无价的艺术品。A. rare 罕见的；B. frequent 频繁的；C. predictable 可预测的；D. stable 稳定的。根据"and severe"（和严重）以及上文提到气候变化导致极端天气更频繁可知，"高水位"现象变得更"频繁"。故答案为B。 6. 句意："高水位"现象变得越来越频繁和严重，损坏了历史建筑的地基和无价的艺术品。A. protecting 保护；B. restoring 修复；C. damaging 损坏；D. creating 创造。根据上文"damaging the foundations of historic buildings"（损坏了历史建筑的地基）以及本句中的"priceless artworks"（无价的艺术品）可知，洪水也在"损坏"艺术品。故答案为C。 7. 句意：同样，法国拉斯科的史前洞穴壁画正受到洞穴微气候变化威胁，这种变化会促进有害真菌的生长。A. prevents 阻止；B. encourages 促进、鼓励；C. reduces 减少；D. stops 停止。根据"the growth of damaging fungi"（有害真菌的生长）以及气候变化带来的负面影响可知，微气候变化"促进"真菌生长。encourage在此为熟词生义，意为"促进、助长"。故答案为B。 8. 句意：非物质遗产，如传统耕作方法、季节性节日和当地方言，也很脆弱。A. Tangible 有形的；B. Intangible 无形的；C. Cultural 文化的；D. Natural 自然的。根据下文"such as traditional farming methods, seasonal festivals, and local dialects"（如传统耕作方法、季节性节日和当地方言）可知，这些都是"非物质"文化遗产。与前文"physical sites"（物质场所）形成对比。故答案为B。 9. 句意：随着天气模式的转变，世世代代传承这些传统的社区被迫适应或放弃它们。A. who 谁（指人）；B. which 哪个（指物）；C. whose 谁的；D. whom 谁（宾格）。根据先行词"communities"（社区，指人）以及定语从句"have practiced these traditions for generations"（世世代代传承这些传统）可知，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who。故答案为A。 10. 句意：这导致文化多样性的逐渐丧失。A. increase 增加；B. improvement 改善；C. loss 丧失；D. development 发展。根据上文"communities... are forced to adapt or abandon them"（社区被迫适应或放弃它们）可知，这会导致文化多样性的"丧失"。故答案为C。 11. 句意：尽管面临这些挑战，保护文化遗产的努力正在蓬勃发展。A. ignore 忽视；B. destroy 破坏；C. preserve 保护；D. create 创造。根据全文主题"文化遗产的保护"以及上文提到的各种威胁可知，此处指"保护"文化遗产的努力。故答案为C。 12. 句意：科学家、工程师和保护主义者正在合作开发创新的解决方案。A. traditional 传统的；B. expensive 昂贵的；C. innovative 创新的；D. simple 简单的。根据上文"Scientists, engineers, and conservationists are working together"（科学家、工程师和保护主义者正在合作）以及面对新挑战需要新方法可知，他们在开发"创新的"解决方案。故答案为C。 13. 句意：在某些情况下，这涉及加强现有建筑的结构。A. beauty 美丽；B. structure 结构；C. value 价值；D. history 历史。根据"strengthening"（加强）以及"existing structures"（现有建筑）可知，加强的是建筑的"结构"。故答案为B。 14. 句意：在另一些情况下，这意味着创建文物和遗址的数字记录，以便即使原件丢失，人们也能访问和研究它们。A. purchased 购买；B. replaced 替换；C. accessed 访问、获取；D. sold 出售。根据"creating digital records of artifacts and sites"（创建文物和遗址的数字记录）以及"even if the originals are lost"（即使原件丢失）可知，数字记录可以让人们"访问"和研究它们。故答案为C。 15. 句意：保护我们过去的斗争是漫长而艰难的，但这是一场我们不能输的战斗。A. win 赢得；B. start 开始；C. continue 继续；D. lose 输掉。根据上文"a fight we cannot afford to..."（一场我们不能……的战斗）以及全文强调保护文化遗产的重要性可知，这是一场不能"输"的战斗。故答案为D。 主题语境分析：本篇文章属于《普通高中英语课程标准》主题语境中的 "人与社会" 范畴，具体涉及 "历史、社会与文化"（文化遗产保护）及 "科学与技术"（创新性保护措施）子主题；同时，也涉及 "人与自然" 中的 "环境保护"（气候变化的影响）。 七、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The idea of cultural heritage has always been important, but it has taken on a new urgency in the modern era. 1.______ the world becomes more interconnected, there is a growing awareness that many traditions and historical sites are 2.______ threat. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) plays a vital role in this field. It maintains a list of World Heritage Sites, places 3.______ are considered to have "outstanding universal value". One such site is the Old City of Jerusalem, which is sacred to three major religions. 4.______ (preserve) its unique character is a complex and sensitive task. The city's 5.______ (history) buildings and narrow streets tell stories of centuries of human civilization. However, the rapid pace of modernization and the ongoing political tensions in the region create constant challenges for those 6.______ are responsible for its protection. Another significant example is the Great Barrier Reef, a natural heritage site of 7.______ (extreme) rich biodiversity. Climate change, leading to ocean warming and acidification, is causing widespread coral bleaching. Scientists 8.______ (conduct) a number of studies to understand the process and are attempting to find ways to protect the reef. Their work is a race against time, as the reef 9.______ (damage) severely if immediate action is not taken. The protection of cultural heritage is not just a job for governments and international organizations. It is our shared responsibility. Only by working together can we ensure that these invaluable treasures are 10.______ (preserve) for the benefit of future generations. 【答案】 1. As 2. under 3. which/that 4. Preserving 5. historic 6. who 7. extremely 8. have conducted 9. will be damaged 10. preserved 【深度解析】 题号 答案 考点 难度 深度解析 1 As 状语从句引导词 ★★★★ 此处引导时间状语从句，表示"随着……"，强调主从句动作同步发生。易错点：学生易误填While（强调"在……期间"）或With（介词，不能接完整句子）。As在此既表时间又隐含因果，是高考高频考点。 2 under 介词固定搭配 ★★★ under threat为固定搭配，意为"受到威胁"。辨析：in danger强调处于危险状态；under threat强调面临威胁来源。此处强调外部威胁（气候变化、战争等），用under threat更精准。 3 which/that 定语从句关系代词 ★★★ 先行词为places（指物），在定语从句中作主语，故用which或that。易错点：学生可能误填where（误以为先行词是地点就用where，忽略关系词在从句中的成分）。 4 Preserving 非谓语动词（动名词作主语） ★★★★ 此处需要动名词短语作主语，表示"保护其独特特征"这一行为本身。易错点：学生可能误填To preserve（不定式作主语也可，但此处强调抽象的行为概念，动名词更佳；且首字母需大写，考查书写规范）。 5 historic 形容词辨析 ★★★★★ historic vs. historical是高考必考辨析：historic指"历史上著名的/有重大历史意义的"；historical指"与历史有关的/史学的"。耶路撒冷的建筑不仅是"与历史有关"，更是"具有划时代历史意义"，故用historic。 6 who 定语从句关系代词 ★★★★ 先行词为those（指人），在定语从句中作主语，用who。those who是固定结构，意为"那些……的人"。易错点：误填whom（作宾语时用）或which（指物）。 7 extremely 词形转换（副修饰形） ★★★ 此处需要副词修饰形容词rich，表示"极其丰富的"，故用extremely。易错点：学生易忽略词形变化，直接填extreme。 8 have conducted 动词时态（现在完成时） ★★★★★ 核心考点：根据上下文，"科学家们已经进行了一系列研究"——该动作发生在过去，对现在有影响（他们正在寻找保护方法），故用现在完成时。主语Scientists为复数，用have。易错点：学生易误填conducted（一般过去时，无法体现与现在的关联）。 9 will be damaged 时态语态（将来被动） ★★★★★ 条件状语从句（if...）用一般现在时表将来（is not taken），主句用一般将来时。damage与reef为被动关系，故用will be damaged。易错点：①主句时态错误（误用is damaged）；②被动语态遗漏（误用will damage）。 10 preserved 非谓语动词（过去分词） ★★★★ 此处为被动语态结构（are preserved），也可视为过去分词作表语，表示状态。意为"这些珍宝被保存/得以保存"。易错点：学生可能误填preserving（主动形式，与主语treasures构成被动矛盾）。 难度分析与命题思路 维度 分析 语篇主题 文化遗产保护（契合单元话题），涵盖物质遗产（耶路撒冷老城）与自然遗产（大堡礁），体现跨文化、跨学科素养 语篇难度 句式复杂，包含非限制性定语从句、非谓语动词作主语、条件状语从句、倒装结构（Only by...can we...）等，符合高考阅读文本难度 设空特点 10个空格涵盖语法填空六大核心考点：连词（1）、介词（2）、定语从句（3/6）、非谓语动词（4/10）、词形转换（5/7）、时态语态（8/9） 区分度设计 ★★★基础题（2/3/7）、★★★★中档题（1/4/6/10）、★★★★★压轴题（5/8/9），梯度合理，区分度高 核心素养 考查语言能力（语法知识运用）、文化意识（文化遗产认知）、思维品质（语境推理、逻辑判断） 备考启示 historic/historical：牢记区别——historic = "有历史意义的"（长城、耶路撒冷）；historical = "与历史相关的"（historical novel, historical research） under threat：注意介词用under，而非in或at 现在完成时vs一般过去时：关键看是否强调对现在的影响——"已进行研究"是为了"正在找方法"，影响持续，故用现在完成时 定语从句关系词选择三步法：①找先行词（人/物/时间/地点/原因）；②看从句缺什么成分（主语/宾语/状语/定语）；③选对应关系词 if条件句主将从现：从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时；同时注意被动语态 八、阅读理解（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 [2024 新课标Ⅰ卷 · 改编] The "humble" barcode (条形码) is celebrating its 50th anniversary. On a spring morning in 1974, a pack of Wrigley's chewing gum became the first product to be scanned with a Universal Product Code (UPC) at a supermarket in Ohio. This seemingly simple event marked the beginning of a technological revolution that would transform global trade and industry. The barcode's journey from a clever idea to a world standard is a story of innovation and persistence. It was invented by Norman Woodland and Bernard Silver, who were inspired by Morse code. The first patent for a barcode-like system was filed in 1952. However, it took decades for the technology to become commercially viable. The challenge was not just in creating the code, but also in developing the lasers and computers needed to read it quickly and accurately. It was the supermarket industry that finally pushed the barcode into the mainstream. They needed a way to speed up the checkout process and reduce errors. In the 1970s, a committee was formed to create a standard code. The committee selected the UPC, which was developed by George Laurer. The success of the barcode was not instant. Many store owners were skeptical, and the initial cost of installing the scanners was high. However, as the technology improved and costs fell, the barcode's efficiency became undeniable. Today, the barcode is a ubiquitous part of our lives. It can be found on almost every product we buy, from food to clothing to electronics. It is used to track luggage, manage inventory, and even identify patients in hospitals. The barcode has fundamentally changed how we manage and move goods around the world, making supply chains faster, more efficient, and more reliable. Though we may not always see it, the tiny black-and-white lines are a silent engine of the modern economy. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the inventor of the barcode. B. To explain the technical details of the UPC. C. To discuss the history and impact of the barcode. D. To advertise the benefits of using barcodes in supermarkets. 【答案】C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了条形码的诞生，第二、三段讲述了其发展历程，最后一段阐述了其广泛的应用和影响。全文围绕条形码的"历史与影响"展开，故C项正确。A项"描述发明者"、B项"解释技术细节"、D项"宣传条形码在超市中的好处"均过于片面，不能概括全文。 2. What was a major obstacle to the early adoption of the barcode? A. The lack of a standard code. B. The high cost of the required technology. C. The opposition from supermarket owners. D. The public's unfamiliarity with the technology. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段"Many store owners were skeptical, and the initial cost of installing the scanners was high"可知，早期推广条形码的主要障碍之一是安装扫描仪的成本高昂。A项"缺乏统一标准"——文中提到1970年代成立了委员会制定标准，不是障碍；C项"超市老板的反对"——文中仅提到"怀疑"，并非"反对"；D项"公众不熟悉"——文中未提及。故B项正确。 3. According to the passage, what role did the supermarket industry play in the development of the barcode? A. They invented the UPC. B. They funded the initial research. C. They created the demand for a solution. D. They were the first to use lasers. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段"It was the supermarket industry that finally pushed the barcode into the mainstream. They needed a way to speed up the checkout process and reduce errors"可知，超市行业需要一种加快结账速度、减少错误的方法，从而创造了对条形码的需求。A项"他们发明了UPC"——UPC由George Laurer开发；B项"他们资助了初始研究"——文中未提及；D项"他们是第一个使用激光的"——文中未提及。故C项正确。 4. The underlined word "ubiquitous" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to: A. expensive B. uncommon C. everywhere D. efficient 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段"It can be found on almost every product we buy"可知，条形码几乎出现在我们购买的每一件产品上，说明它"无处不在"。ubiquitous意为"普遍存在的、无处不在的"，与everywhere同义。expensive昂贵的；uncommon不常见的；efficient高效的。故C项正确。 5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a current use of the barcode? A. Tracking luggage. B. Managing inventory. C. Identifying patients. D. Delivering online orders. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段"It is used to track luggage, manage inventory, and even identify patients in hospitals"可知，条形码被用于追踪行李、管理库存和识别病人。D项"配送在线订单"文中未提及，故D项为正确答案。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $