第22讲 被动语态（复习讲义）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦被动语态高考核心考点，涵盖一般/进行/完成时态被动及特殊语态规则，按“命题透视-思维建模-考点精讲-真题溯源”架构系统梳理知识，通过考点解构、方法指导（四步解题范式）、真题训练（近六年北京卷及模拟题），帮助学生突破高频难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料特色在于融合思维品质与语言能力培养，创新“四步解题范式”（辨谓语-判主被动-定时态-主谓一致），如考点精讲中归纳现在完成时被动“三大核心用法”，配合“被动时态口诀”强化记忆。通过分层练习（考向破译+真题演练）和易错点警示，保障复习效果，提升学生语法填空解题效率与书面表达准确性，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指引。

第22讲 被动语态 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 一般时态被动 知识解构 知识点1 一般现在时被动 知识点2 一般过去时被动 知识点3 一般将来时被动 考向破译 考点二 进行时被动 知识解构 知识点1. 现在进行时被动 知识点2. 过去进行时被动 考向破译 考点三 完成时 知识解构 知识点1. 现在完成时被动 知识点2. 过去完成时被动 考向破译 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 北京卷近六年考情汇总（语法填空谓语动词板块，主谓一致融合时态 / 语态考查） 核心被动大类 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 一般现在时被动 are designed are achieved — — are kept — 一般过去时被动 — — was named — — — 现在完成时被动 have been designed — — — have been increased — 过去完成时被动 — — — — — — 现在进行时被动 — — — — — — 过去进行时被动 — — — — — 考情分析 分析近 6 年高考真题可知， 题型与考向：无单独被动语态单选题，全部嵌入语法填空（提示词为动词），时态、语态、主谓一致三合一综合命题；阅读、完形借助被动识别动作承受关系；书面表达为高频隐性扣分点。 命题特点 ① 高度语境化，依托完整语篇，不孤立单句设空；依靠上下文逻辑判断主被动，不完全依靠标志词； ② 复合考查逻辑：先找真实主语→判断主被动关系→匹配对应时态→落实主谓一致； ③ 命题梯度：一般现在被动、现在完成被动最高频；一般过去被动、过去完成被动次之；进行时被动低频； ④ 规避冷门特殊结构，聚焦三大时态（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时）对应的被动形式，重点考查无被动动词、主动表被动特殊现象。 各题型考查落点 语法填空（核心阵地）：提示词为动词，四步解题：辨谓语→判主被动→定时态→匹配主谓一致； 阅读理解 / 七选五：借助被动语态分清施动 受动关系，拆解长难句； 完形填空：利用主被动逻辑排除动词选项； 书面表达（重灾区）：谓语被动漏写 be 动词；进行被动漏 being；完成被动漏 been；不及物动词错用被动；主谓 be 动词单复数错配，阅卷高频扣分。 复习目标 ① 吃透八大时态对应的被动结构，熟记标志性时间词； ② 精准区分易混结构：done（非谓语） vs be done（谓语被动）；done vs being done； ③ 掌握语法填空标准化解题流程，兼顾语态、时态、主谓一致； ④ 规避写作被动语态常见漏洞，识别无被动动词、主动表被动句型。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 一般时态被动 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 一般现在时被动 核心用法 ①客观真理、科普常识、固有属性；②经常性、习惯性被动动作；③说明文客观介绍。 标志词：every, usually, always，科普文本无明显过去 / 未来时间词 变形规则：am /is/are + done；be 动词随主语单复数变化 例句：Many traditional skills are protected by local communities. 知识点 2 一般过去时被动 核心用法：过去特定时间发生的被动动作，和现在无直接关联 标志词：yesterday, last…, …ago, in + 过去年份，then 变形：was /were + done 例句：This old theatre was rebuilt in 2010. 知识点 3 一般将来时被动 核心用法：将来计划、客观趋势下将要被实施的动作 结构：will be done /be going to be done 标志词：tomorrow, next…, in the future, in the near future 补充：come/leave 等位移瞬时动词无被动；现在进行表将来结构不改成被动。 例句：More wetland parks will be built in our city. 考●向●破●译 1. Many ancient folk customs ______ (preserve) by local people every year. 2. The ancient stone bridge ______ (damage) by the big flood in 2015. 3. A series of lowcarbon projects ______ (carry) out next year. 4. great number of cultural relics ______ (exhibit) in the museum all the year round. 考点二 进行时态被动 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 现在进行时被动 用法：此时此刻 / 现阶段正在被…… 标志词：now, at present, look, listen 结构：am /is/are + being done ⚠️高频失分：being 不可省略；漏掉 being 直接变成一般现在被动。 例句：A new community library is being constructed. 知识点 2 过去进行时被动 用法：过去某时刻正在被做；长被动背景下，when 插入短暂过去动作 标志词：at + 过去时刻，when, while 结构：was /were + being done 例句：The case was being discussed when he stepped into the meeting room. 考●向●破●译 1. Look! The old street ______ (renew) to attract more tourists. 2. At present, some effective measures ______ (take) to reduce waste pollution. 3. I couldn’t get into the office because the door ______ (lock) when I arrived last night. 4. While the report ______ (review), many experts put forward valuable suggestions. 考点三 完成时态被动 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 现在完成时被动（重中之重） 三大核心用法 ①过去动作对现在造成被动结果；②被动状态从过去持续到现在；③人生经历类被动 标志性短语：since, for, so far, up to now, already, yet, over the past… 固定句型：It is the first time that + 从句（从句用现在完成时被动 have/has been done） 结构：have /has + been done ⚠️失分点：been 绝对不能省略。 例句：Up to now, lots of old villages have been protected. 知识点 2 过去完成时被动（难点） 必备条件：存在参照性过去动作；被动事件发生在过去的过去 标志：by + 过去时间，by the time + 一般过去时从句 结构：had + been done 例句：By the time we got there, all the tickets had been sold out. 知识点 3 现在完成进行时 得 分 助 手 ⚠️重要提醒：现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 没有被动语态；表达持续被动含义改用现在完成时被动 have/has been done。 考●向●破●译 1. Up to now, thousands of cultural sites ______ (record) in the national database. 2. By the time the expert arrived, the broken vase ______ (rebuild). 3. Over the past five years, many wetlands ______ (restore). 4. He said that all the tasks ______ (finish) before the meeting began. 考点四 特殊语态规则（北京卷高频陷阱） 知●识●解●构 1. 无被动语态动词（必背） 不及物动词：happen, occur, appear, disappear, take place, break out, arise 感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel；无 be done 被动。 2. 主动形式表被动含义 ① need /want/require doing = need /want/require to be done 某物需要被…… 例：The building needs repairing = The building needs to be repaired. ② 主语 sth + sell/wash/read + well/badly（副词修饰），主动表被动 例：This kind of book sells well. 3. 谓语与非谓语被动区分 · 谓语被动：be done（句子有主语，作谓语，be 动词体现时态主谓） · 非谓语被动：to be done /being done /having been done；不带谓语 be 动词 思维建模 被动语态语法填空通用四步解题范式 1. 剔除 as well as/together with 等插入修饰短语，锁定句子真正主语； 2. 抓取时间标志词、上下文动作先后逻辑，锁定对应时态； 3. 判断主语与动词主动 / 被动逻辑；主语承受动作选用对应时态的 be done；注意甄别无被动动词； 4. 结合主谓一致调整 be 动词；检查进行被动漏 being、完成被动漏 been。 思维建模 书面表达高频被动语态易错合集 1. 谓语被动只写 done，漏写 be 动词，造成双谓语 / 缺谓语； 2. 现在进行被动遗漏 being；现在完成被动遗漏 been； 3.happen/take place 等不及物动词错误套用 be done 被动； 4.need doing 主动表被动句型误用 need being done； 5.by the time 接过去时间，主句过去完成被动漏写 had been done； 6. 被动结构中 be 动词单复数与真实主语不一致，被插入成分干扰； 7. 混淆非谓语 being done 与谓语 is being done，把非谓语当作谓语。 被动时态看 be 变，done 永远不改变； 进行被动加 being，完成被动带 been； happen 无被动，need doing 表被动； by 加过去 had been done，主谓一致记心怀； 谓语才用 be done，非谓不带 be 前来。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 考点01 一般时态被动 1.（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 2.(2025·北京·高考) Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 3.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 4.（2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 5.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5） Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 6.（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 7.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4） Erinna 1 (move) by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. 2 (give) the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support her son’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病). 8.（2026湖南常德高三一模) “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 考点02 完成时态的被动 1.（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 2.（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题) Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第22讲 被动语态 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 一般时态被动 知识解构 知识点1 一般现在时被动 知识点2 一般过去时被动 知识点3 一般将来时被动 考向破译 考点二 进行时被动 知识解构 知识点1. 现在进行时被动 知识点2. 过去进行时被动 考向破译 考点三 完成时 知识解构 知识点1. 现在完成时被动 知识点2. 过去完成时被动 考向破译 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 北京卷近六年考情汇总（语法填空谓语动词板块，主谓一致融合时态 / 语态考查） 核心被动大类 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 一般现在时被动 are designed are achieved — — are kept — 一般过去时被动 — — was named — — — 现在完成时被动 have been designed — — — have been increased — 过去完成时被动 — — — — — — 现在进行时被动 — — — — — — 过去进行时被动 — — — — — 考情分析 分析近 6 年高考真题可知， 题型与考向：无单独被动语态单选题，全部嵌入语法填空（提示词为动词），时态、语态、主谓一致三合一综合命题；阅读、完形借助被动识别动作承受关系；书面表达为高频隐性扣分点。 命题特点 ① 高度语境化，依托完整语篇，不孤立单句设空；依靠上下文逻辑判断主被动，不完全依靠标志词； ② 复合考查逻辑：先找真实主语→判断主被动关系→匹配对应时态→落实主谓一致； ③ 命题梯度：一般现在被动、现在完成被动最高频；一般过去被动、过去完成被动次之；进行时被动低频； ④ 规避冷门特殊结构，聚焦三大时态（一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时）对应的被动形式，重点考查无被动动词、主动表被动特殊现象。 各题型考查落点 语法填空（核心阵地）：提示词为动词，四步解题：辨谓语→判主被动→定时态→匹配主谓一致； 阅读理解 / 七选五：借助被动语态分清施动 受动关系，拆解长难句； 完形填空：利用主被动逻辑排除动词选项； 书面表达（重灾区）：谓语被动漏写 be 动词；进行被动漏 being；完成被动漏 been；不及物动词错用被动；主谓 be 动词单复数错配，阅卷高频扣分。 复习目标 ① 吃透八大时态对应的被动结构，熟记标志性时间词； ② 精准区分易混结构：done（非谓语） vs be done（谓语被动）；done vs being done； ③ 掌握语法填空标准化解题流程，兼顾语态、时态、主谓一致； ④ 规避写作被动语态常见漏洞，识别无被动动词、主动表被动句型。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 一般时态被动 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 一般现在时被动 核心用法 ①客观真理、科普常识、固有属性；②经常性、习惯性被动动作；③说明文客观介绍。 标志词：every, usually, always，科普文本无明显过去 / 未来时间词 变形规则：am /is/are + done；be 动词随主语单复数变化 例句：Many traditional skills are protected by local communities. 知识点 2 一般过去时被动 核心用法：过去特定时间发生的被动动作，和现在无直接关联 标志词：yesterday, last…, …ago, in + 过去年份，then 变形：was /were + done 例句：This old theatre was rebuilt in 2010. 知识点 3 一般将来时被动 核心用法：将来计划、客观趋势下将要被实施的动作 结构：will be done /be going to be done 标志词：tomorrow, next…, in the future, in the near future 补充：come/leave 等位移瞬时动词无被动；现在进行表将来结构不改成被动。 例句：More wetland parks will be built in our city. 考●向●破●译 1. Many ancient folk customs ______ (preserve) by local people every year. 答案：are preserved 解析：考查一般现在时被动。every year 表常态客观情况；customs 为复数主语，是动作承受者，be 动词用 are。 2. The ancient stone bridge ______ (damage) by the big flood in 2015. 答案：was damaged 解析：考查一般过去时被动。in 2015 过去时间；主语 bridge 承受 damage 动作，单数，be 动词用 was。 3. A series of lowcarbon projects ______ (carry) out next year. 答案：will be carried /are going to be carried 解析：考查一般将来时被动。next year 表将来；projects 是 “被实施”，用 will be done /be going to be done。 4. A great number of cultural relics ______ (exhibit) in the museum all the year round. 答案：are exhibited 解析：考查一般现在时被动。a number of + 复数名词作主语；relics 是 “被展出”，复数，be 动词用 are。 考点二 进行时态被动 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 现在进行时被动 用法：此时此刻 / 现阶段正在被…… 标志词：now, at present, look, listen 结构：am /is/are + being done ⚠️高频失分：being 不可省略；漏掉 being 直接变成一般现在被动。 例句：A new community library is being constructed. 知识点 2 过去进行时被动 用法：过去某时刻正在被做；长被动背景下，when 插入短暂过去动作 标志词：at + 过去时刻，when, while 结构：was /were + being done 例句：The case was being discussed when he stepped into the meeting room. 考●向●破●译 1. Look! The old street ______ (renew) to attract more tourists. 答案：is being renewed 解析：考查现在进行时被动。Look 提示此刻正在发生；street 承受 renew 动作，单数，being 不能丢。 2. At present, some effective measures ______ (take) to reduce waste pollution. 答案：are being taken 解析：考查现在进行时被动。at present 表现阶段；measures 复数，“措施被采取”。 3. I couldn’t get into the office because the door ______ (lock) when I arrived last night. 答案：was being locked 解析：考查过去进行时被动。when arrived 给出过去时间背景，过去那一刻门正在被锁；主语 door 单数用 was。 4. While the report ______ (review), many experts put forward valuable suggestions. 答案：was being reviewed 解析：考查过去进行时被动。while 引导过去持续背景；report 是 “被审阅”，单数主语搭配 was。 考点三 完成时态被动 知●识●解●构 知识点 1 现在完成时被动（重中之重） 三大核心用法 ①过去动作对现在造成被动结果；②被动状态从过去持续到现在；③人生经历类被动 标志性短语：since, for, so far, up to now, already, yet, over the past… 固定句型：It is the first time that + 从句（从句用现在完成时被动 have/has been done） 结构：have /has + been done ⚠️失分点：been 绝对不能省略。 例句：Up to now, lots of old villages have been protected. 知识点 2 过去完成时被动（难点） 必备条件：存在参照性过去动作；被动事件发生在过去的过去 标志：by + 过去时间，by the time + 一般过去时从句 结构：had + been done 例句：By the time we got there, all the tickets had been sold out. 知识点 3 现在完成进行时 得 分 助 手 ⚠️重要提醒：现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 没有被动语态；表达持续被动含义改用现在完成时被动 have/has been done。 考●向●破●译 1. Up to now, thousands of cultural sites ______ (record) in the national database. 答案：have been recorded 解析：考查现在完成时被动。up to now 现完标志；sites 复数，“遗址被记录”，been 不可丢。 2. By the time the expert arrived, the broken vase ______ (rebuild). 答案：had been rebuilt 解析：考查过去完成时被动。by the time 接一般过去时 arrived，动作发生在过去的过去，用 had been done。 3. Over the past five years, many wetlands ______ (restore). 答案：have been restored 解析：考查现在完成时被动。over the past five years 为现完时间标志；wetlands 复数，湿地 “被修复”。 4. He said that all the tasks ______ (finish) before the meeting began. 答案：had been finished 解析：考查过去完成时被动。主句 said 为过去参照；任务完成发生在开会之前，过去的过去，用 had been done。 考点四 特殊语态规则（北京卷高频陷阱） 知●识●解●构 1. 无被动语态动词（必背） 不及物动词：happen, occur, appear, disappear, take place, break out, arise 感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel；无 be done 被动。 2. 主动形式表被动含义 ① need /want/require doing = need /want/require to be done 某物需要被…… 例：The building needs repairing = The building needs to be repaired. ② 主语 sth + sell/wash/read + well/badly（副词修饰），主动表被动 例：This kind of book sells well. 3. 谓语与非谓语被动区分 · 谓语被动：be done（句子有主语，作谓语，be 动词体现时态主谓） · 非谓语被动：to be done /being done /having been done；不带谓语 be 动词 思维建模 被动语态语法填空通用四步解题范式 1. 剔除 as well as/together with 等插入修饰短语，锁定句子真正主语； 2. 抓取时间标志词、上下文动作先后逻辑，锁定对应时态； 3. 判断主语与动词主动 / 被动逻辑；主语承受动作选用对应时态的 be done；注意甄别无被动动词； 4. 结合主谓一致调整 be 动词；检查进行被动漏 being、完成被动漏 been。 思维建模 书面表达高频被动语态易错合集 1. 谓语被动只写 done，漏写 be 动词，造成双谓语 / 缺谓语； 2. 现在进行被动遗漏 being；现在完成被动遗漏 been； 3.happen/take place 等不及物动词错误套用 be done 被动； 4.need doing 主动表被动句型误用 need being done； 5.by the time 接过去时间，主句过去完成被动漏写 had been done； 6. 被动结构中 be 动词单复数与真实主语不一致，被插入成分干扰； 7. 混淆非谓语 being done 与谓语 is being done，把非谓语当作谓语。 被动时态看 be 变，done 永远不改变； 进行被动加 being，完成被动带 been； happen 无被动，need doing 表被动； by 加过去 had been done，主谓一致记心怀； 谓语才用 be done，非谓不带 be 前来。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 考点01 一般时态被动 1.（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 【答案】 18. are designed 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：大学按照法国古典悲剧的三一律设计：时间、情节与地点。语态判断：主语 Universities（大学）和动词 design（设计）是被动关系：大学 “被设计”，要用被动语态（be done）。主谓一致：主语 universities 为复数。时态：根据后文时态可推知为一般现在时。故用are designes. 2.(2025·北京·高考) Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】16.are achieved 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 3.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【答案】was named 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 4.（2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 【答案】14. was inspired 15. reducing 16. With 17. to tackle 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了加拿大15岁少年 Evan Budz 凭借自主仿生海龟机器人斩获欧盟青年科学家大赛一等奖，介绍了该机器人的设计灵感、优势、人工智能功能以及这项创新体现出年轻人应对科技与环境难题的能力。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他在一次露营旅行中观察真实海龟的游动时，受到了启发。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语He和inspire为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的设计能让水下游动更加平稳，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。句中已有谓语动词enables，故空处需填非谓语动词，此处表示自然而然带来的结果，用现在分词reducing作结果状语。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：借助一套人工智能计算机视觉系统，这款机器人能够监测珊瑚健康状况，助力水下勘测与珊瑚礁保护工作。空格后为名词短语，需用介词With表示“凭借、借助”。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Budz的创新成果展现了年轻人应对复杂技术与环境挑战的非凡能力。固定搭配capability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式to tackle作后置定语。 5.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5） Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 【答案】1．is collected 2．when 3．To keep 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何保持健康记忆力。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：大脑中的信息是通过神经通路收集、储存和回忆的。空处作谓语，information与动词collect构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述科学事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is collected。 2．考查定语从句。句意：数以百万计的神经通路从你成长为婴儿的时候就开始发育。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词time在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持我们的记忆健康，我们需要不断地创造新的路径。空处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填To keep。 6.（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 【答案】1．negatively 2．treating 3．is used 4．anxiety 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响，并警示社交媒体用户注意其潜在负面影响。 1．考查副词。句意：最近发表在《BMC心理学》上的一项研究表明，编辑照片会对个人对自己的吸引力和整体自尊的看法产生负面影响。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词negatively修饰。故填negatively。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种联系似乎受到比较外表和把自己当作物体的影响。根据空前的and可知，空处应和前文的comparing并列，应填动名词形式。故填treating。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，数以百万计的人使用社交媒体来联系和分享他们的生活。use作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填is used。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会导致抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的depression并列，应填名词作宾语，anxious的名词形式是anxiety。故填anxiety。 7.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4） Erinna 1 (move) by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. 2 (give) the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support her son’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病). 【答案】1．was moved 2．Given 3．to make 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Erinna在网络上分享儿子的发型视频走红，还设立了GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师。 1．考查时态语态。句意：Erinna被儿子的发型感动了。主语Erinna与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was moved。 2．考查介词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。后跟名词作宾语，表示“鉴于”应用介词given，首字母大写。故填Given。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。此处make作目的状语，用不定式。故填to make。 8.（2026湖南常德高三一模) “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 【答案】36. involving 37. faced 38. where 39. to address 40. and 41. to 42. are adapted 43. withdrawal 44. competitive 45. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”的起源、核心含义以及在现代非军事领域的应用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个名字来源于中国古代战国时期涉及魏国和赵国的一个历史事件。“(involve) the states of Wei and Zhao”作后置定语修饰名词incident，involve (涉及)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语incident之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填involving。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：当赵国面临魏国的攻击时，齐国采用这一策略，对魏国发动攻击，迫使他们从赵国撤军，以保卫自己的领土。face(面临)是从句谓语动词，根据句意和上下文可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填faced。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“_____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision”是定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“(address) a more pressing threat”是“abandoning their offensive position”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过将战场转移到一个较弱的地区，这一策略不仅打乱了敌人的计划，而且在不进行直接战斗的情况下获得了战术优势。shift...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……转移到……”。故填to。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在当代环境中，“围魏救赵”的原则已被应用于各种非军事领域。adapt(使适应)是谓语动词，与主语principles之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are adapted。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：在商业领域，公司通过攻击竞争对手的薄弱市场或产品来应用这一策略，迫使其进行战略撤退。提示词作宾语，用名词withdrawal，意为“撤退”，是不可数名词。故填withdrawal。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同样，在体育比赛中，球队充分利用对手的防守失误来获得竞争优势。提示词作定语修饰名词advantage，用形容词competitive，意为“竞争的”。故填competitive。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这一策略为在不同背景下应对挑战提供了一个有价值的框架。framework(框架)是可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且valuable发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 考点02 完成时态的被动 1.（2026 北京卷）Universities __18__ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲 剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). 【答案】 18. are designed /have been designed 【解析】考查一般现在时/现在完成时的被动语态。句意：大学按照法国古典悲剧的三一律设计：时间、情节与地点。语态判断：主语 Universities（大学）和动词 design（设计）是被动关系：大学 “被设计”，要用被动语态（be done）。主谓一致：主语 universities 为复数。时态：根据后文时态可推知为一般现在时。故用are designes.也可以理解为迄今为止的现象，可以用现在完成时的被动语态。 2.（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题) Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 【答案】1．have been identified 2．helping 3．stuck 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Skye意识到自己是阅读障碍患者，并希望通过教育教师和提供工具来帮助有类似情况的学生建立自信。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：Skye意识到自己是迄今为止被认定为阅读障碍患者之一的幸运孩子之一。空格处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，who指代先行词the lucky kids，与“identify”之间是被动关系，且根据“so far”可知，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been identified。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她知道教育教师了解阅读障碍，并为有学习挑战的学生提供他们所需的工具，是直面阅读障碍的重要第一步，并帮助他们成为自信、有能力的学生。作介词in的宾语，与meeting并列，用动名词helping作宾语。故填helping。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在他们感到困顿——对自己的学业感到羞愧、不确定和不安全。they与stick为被动关系，此处feel为系动词，后接过去分词stuck作表语。故填stuck。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $