内容正文:
专题02 语法填空题
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词类
知识解构 知识点1 谓语动词 知识点2 非谓语动词
考向破译 考向 01 时态+主谓一致 考向02 长难句中辨别非谓语动词
考点二 从句
知识解构 知识点1 定语从句 知识点2 名词性从句 知识点3 从句的辨析
考向破译 考向 01 关系代词 考向02 关系副词 考向03 名词性从句的连接词
考点三 词性转换
知识解构 知识点1 名词单复数变化 知识点2 动词/形容词→名词 知识点3 比较级/最高级
考向破译 考向01 名词相关变形 考向02 形容词&副词修饰不同成分
考点四 虚词
知识解构 知识点1 介词 知识点2 代词 知识点3 并列连词
考向破译 考向01 介词高频搭配 考向02 代词高频考点
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
谓语动词(时态 / 语态 / 主谓一致)
are designed;
has produced;
had forgotten;
stepped
left;
had made;
are achieved
jogged;
was named
非谓语动词
named;
to stimulate
travelling;
scared
knocking;
to rest
名词(单复数 / 词性转换)
embarrassment
boundaries
self-awareness
形容词 & 副词(比较级 / 词性转换)
无
longer
无
从句
who
what
who
介词 / 代词 / 连词
within;
to
at
to
考情分析
题型与考向:
分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。
○完全依托语境,不孤立考查语法,融合人文、科技、生活、传统文化话题;
○动词类(谓语 + 非谓语)占比最高,是绝对核心考点;
○从句(定语 / 名词性从句)每年必考,虚词固定搭配高频重复;
○词性转换侧重词根变形,名词复数、形容词副词比较级为常规考向。
复习目标
1.区分谓语动词与非谓语动词,掌握时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语三种形式用法;
2.熟练三大从句引导词判定方法,快速判断句子缺主干 / 状语 / 定语;
3.熟记词性转换规则、名词单复数、形容词副词变形、固定介词搭配。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词类
知●识●解●构
知识点1 谓语动词
得分速记
1.判断依据:空格所在句子有主语,无其他谓语动词,空格作句子谓语;
2.三步解题法:
① 看时间标志词:over the past years/so far→现在完成时;thousands of years ago/last year→一般过去时;
right now→现在进行时;by the time + 过去时→过去完成时;every year→一般现在时;
② 判断主被动:主语能发出动作→主动;主语承受动作→被动(be+done);
③ 主谓一致:动名词 / 不定代词 / 单数名词作主语→三单;复数主语→原形 / 复数 be 动词。
3. 常考要点精讲
1) 一般过去时 last year/then/in + 过去年份
2) 过去完成时 by the time + 过去动作、before 过去动作
3) 现在完成时 so far/in recent years/since + 时间, up to now
4) 现在进行时 right now/nowadays/at present
5) 过去将来时 主句过去,one day/would 表预判 she never imagined/expected/thought
4.被动语态判断:主语不能主动发出动作,be+done
5.主谓一致:动名词、不定代词、单数名词作主语,谓语三单
易错提醒
(1)过去完成时必须存在 “过去的过去” 两层时间,单独过去时间不用 had done;
(2)被动语态不能漏 be 动词,三单、复数 be 动词要匹配主语。
知识点2 非谓语动词
得分速记
1.判断依据:句子已有完整谓语动词,空格不作谓语,用非谓语;
2.三类形式固定场景:
(1)to do 不定式:
①目的状语;
②抽象名词后置定语(way/capability/chance to do);
③固定搭配 allow sb. to do /be forecast to do;
(2)doing 动名词 / 现在分词:
①介词后作宾语(through doing);
②句首作主语;
③主动伴随、自然而然结果状语;
(3)done 过去分词:
①被动后置定语;
②状语从句省略(主语被动);
3.常考要点梳理:
○名词 way/capability/opportunity 后 → to do
○介词 after/through/for等后 → doing
○逗号后表顺理成章结果 → doing
○逻辑主语被动修饰名词 → done
易错提醒
(1)表目的一律用 to do,不能用 doing;
(2)find oneself doing、have sb. done 固定搭配区分主动被动。
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查时态+主谓一致
1.(2026·北京丰台·一模)
In recent years, the country (host) 15 of the world’s 2 natural heritage sites and four of the world’s 25 sites recognised for both cultural and natural features.
2.(2026·北京·高考真题)
My dad and I were at a grocery store last evening. When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He (forget) to take it.
3.(25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末)
Unfortunately, these vital ecosystems (disappear) at an alarming rate right now due to human activity.
4.(2026·北京·高考真题)Universities (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time).
考向2 考查长难句中辨别非谓语动词
1. (2026·北京西城·一模)
Professor Zhao Haiying leads a team combining AI, big data and archaeology (考古学) (build) a “digital gene bank of Chinese civilization”.
2.(2025·北京·高考真题)
When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
3.(2026·北京·高考真题)
Sound familiar? You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life.
策略归纳
核心总原则:一个分句若无连词,不能同时存在两个谓语动词;已有谓语,第二个动词优先考虑非谓语(to do /doing/done)
技巧1:
拆分长难句,核查分句谓语数量(判定 “要不要用非谓语”)
操作步骤:
1.划出主句 / 从句主干,找出句中已有谓语动词(体现时态、三单、被动、情态动词);
2.判断两个动词之间有无并列连词(and/but/or)、从句引导词(that/which/when 等);
3.✅ 已有谓语、无合法连词 → 空格动词为非谓语
❌ 分句缺少谓语动词 → 填谓语(时态语态)
Eg.
1.Earth Day, _______________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
解析:主句谓语 is;无连词连接 mark,mark 为非谓语;Earth Day 与 mark 被动。答案:marked
2.Many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _______________(think) it is food.
解析:主句谓语 eat;逗号无并列连词,think 是非谓语;animals 主动发出 think。答案:thinking
技巧2:
锁定逻辑主语,区分主动 / 被动 / 目的,敲定非谓语形式
操作步骤:
1.找到非谓语对应的逻辑主语(主句主语、被修饰名词、with 复合结构宾语);
2.关系判定:
•逻辑主语主动发出动作、伴随 / 同时发生 → doing
•逻辑主语承受动作、表被动完成 → done
•表目的、将来动作、特定固定句型 → to do
Eg.
1._______________(surround) by mountains, the city enjoys beautiful scenery all year round.
解析:逻辑主语 the city;与 surround 被动,作状语。答案:Surrounded
2._______________(see) from the top of the mountain, the whole town looks extremely attractive.
解析:逻辑主语 town,承受 see 动作。答案:Seen
3.To improve efficiency, many farmers choose new machines _______________(save) time and labour.
解析:非谓语表目的。答案:to save
4.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______________(die) early by running.
解析:介词 of 后,只能用动名词 doing。答案:dying
速记口诀
先拆长句找谓语,无连多动非谓语;
找准主语判主被,目的将来用 to do;
主动伴随 doing,被动完成 done。
考点二 从句
知●识●解●构
知识点1 定语从句
得分速记
易错提醒
1.从句中如果缺主语或宾语的情况下,先行词是人:who/that;先行词是物:which/that;
2.先行词表抽象地点 /situation/point:where;先行词表时间:when;
3.非限制性定语从句不能用 that,只用 which/who/whose;
4.“介词 + which” 固定搭配(with which /with whom);
5. 从句中缺定语,即“......的”,用whose。
知识点2 名词性从句
得分速记
易错提醒
1.what:从句缺主语 / 宾语,表 “…… 的事物”;
2.that:从句成分完整、语义完整,无含义不充当成分;
3.how/where/why:从句完整,缺方式 / 地点 / 原因状语;
4.whether:搭配 or not,表 “是否”。
知识点3 从句的辨析
得分速记
易错提醒
一、核心本质区分
定语从句(形容词性从句)
✅ 前面一定有先行词(名词 / 代词),从句用来修饰、限定这个名词
✅ 删掉从句,主句依然完整
✅ 引导词:关系词 that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why
❌ 定语从句绝对没有 what!(高频陷阱)
名词性从句(名词性从句:主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语从句)
✅ 没有先行词;整个从句 = 一个名词,在主句充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语
✅ 删掉从句,主句残缺,缺少主 / 宾 / 表
✅ 引导词:that / whether / what / who / when / where / how
二、四步标准化解题
步骤 1:拆分主句,锁定空格位置
划出主句主谓,判断空格前是不是名词。
步骤 2:第一层判断(分水岭)
① 空格前有名词 → 两种可能性:定语从句 OR 同位语从句(名词性从句)
② 空格前没有名词 → 直接判定名词性从句
步骤 3:区分【定语从句 VS 同位语从句】
•定语从句:从句缺少主语 / 宾语,关系词要在从句充当成分;从句是 “修饰名词是什么样的”
•同位语从句:从句句子结构完整(主谓齐全);从句 = 名词的具体内容;that 不作成分
最简检验:名词 = 从句内容 ✔同位语;名词≠从句内容,只是被从句修饰 ✔定语从句
步骤 4:分析从句内部:缺不缺主干,选词
1)定语从句:
缺主 / 宾 → that/which/who;缺状语 → when/where/why;表所属 → whose
2)名词性从句:
从句缺主 / 宾 / 表 → what/who;
从句结构完整 → that(无含义)/whether(是否)/ 连接副词 when/where/how
三、必背避雷清单
1.what 只出现在名词性从句,定语从句永远不能填 what!
2.that双重身份:
○定语从句:关系代词,在从句作主语 / 宾语
○名词性从句(同位 / 主语 / 表语从句):连词,不作成分、无词义
3.看到介词后面空格:
介词 +_____,前面无名词 → 名词性从句,常用 what;
介词 +_____,前面有名词 → 定语从句,介词 + which/whom
四、高考真题举例
类型 1:名词前有空格 → 定语从句
Eg.
1.In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almost lifelike.
步骤拆解
1.空格前名词 artist(先行词)→ 定语从句
从句:paintings 缺少定语,artist 和 paintings 是所属关系
✅ 答案:whose
2.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species __________ live within the Giant Panda Range.
1.先行词 species(物),定语从句
2.从句缺少主语;先行词被 all 修饰,只用 that
✅答案:that
3.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
1.逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句;先行词 pet shop
2.从句 opened 缺少宾语;非限制性不能用 that
✅答案:which
类型 2:空格前无名词 → 名词性从句
4....along the Firehole River in __________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
步骤拆解
1.介词 in 后面,空格前面没有名词,不存在先行词 → 名词性从句(宾语从句,作 in 宾语)
2.从句is now...缺少主语,表示 “…… 的地方”
✅答案:what
⚠️典型陷阱:很多学生误填 where;where 是状语,不能充当 is 的主语!
5.__________ surprised me most was that he refused the invitation.
1.空格在句首,后面直接接谓语 surprised,前面无名词 → 主语从句(名词性从句)
2.从句缺少主语,表 “事情”
✅答案:What
6.The truth is __________ we have limited time.
1.is 系动词之后 → 表语从句(名词性从句)
2.从句 we have limited time 主谓完整,不缺成分,无疑问含义
✅答案:that
类型 3:最高难度:名词后空格 → 区分【定语从句 VS 同位语从句】
对比组 A
① The news __________ he told me excited us.
拆解:先行词 news;从句 he told me 缺少宾语(told 的宾语)→ 定语从句
✅答案:that/which
② The news __________ he will come excited us.
拆解:news(消息)= 从句内容(他要来);从句 he will come 主谓完整,不缺成分 → 同位语从句(名词性从句)
✅答案:that
考●向●破●译
考向一 关系代词
1.(2026·北京房山·一模)Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour
make a person unique.
2.(2026·北京通州·一模)
Unlike fast food, slow food values nutrition and the time spent growing the crops and preparing meals. Sitting down to enjoy such a meal allows us to honor those grew the food and the effort behind it.
3.(2026·北京石景山·一模)Thomas, own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to unflooded shelters.
4.(2026·北京东城·一模)Though, most of the children watched excitedly as a bee catcher rounded up the uninvited visitors. This unexpected event led to the school integrating beekeeping into the course, has resulted in notable benefits.
考向二 关系副词
1.(2026·北京西城·一模)That sentence opened something up. This experience marked a turning point, I realized the need to refocus on my initial purpose.
2.(2026·北京朝阳·一模)Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the tourists stay in renewable-powered accommodations.
考向三 名词性从句的连接词
1.(2026·北京房山·一模)Understanding personality allows us to predict people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value.
2.(2026·北京东城·二模)Laughter filled the room and I felt my cheeks burn with embarrassment. The next gesture is I will never forget: the students proceeded to trade shoes with each other to match my crazy situation.
3.(2026·北京丰台·一模)
this qualification offers are the tools and thinking styles designed to help you make sense of complex information.
4.(2026·北京东城·一模) The children study the dance of the bees to decide honey source is. They use honey in cooking lessons.
考点三 词性转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 名词单复数变化
得分速记
根据名词前的修饰语判断可数名词的单复数
1. a/an/the+单数名词
2. “多一些”+复数名词
•many/several/a few/a number of/the number of/these / those/both+复数名词
•diverse/various/different+复数名词
•one of+复数名词
易错提醒
常见含有名词的固定短语
1.in large quantities 大量地
2.take measures 采取措施
3.form good habits 养成好习惯
4.do morning/eye exercises做早/眼操
5.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
6.take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
7.have difficulties (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
8.keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
9.make preparations for sth.为某事做准备
10.take notes记笔记
11.make mistakes犯错误
12.meet the requirements满足要求
13.natural resources自然资源
14.follow the rules遵守规则
15.pay attention to details关注细节
16.in high spirits情绪高涨
17.make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
18. at the crossroads在十字路口
知识点2 动词/形容词与名词相互转换
得分速记
名词在句中的主要位置与功能
1. 作主语(位于句首或谓语动词前)
eg: Cities are protected by mangroves.
位置规律:名词短语作主语通常位于句首,决定谓语动词单复数
2. 作宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)
动词宾语:We need to establish clear boundaries.
介词宾语:develop a sense of self-awareness
位置规律:位于及物动词后或介词后,构成动宾/介宾结构
3. 作表语(位于系动词后)
位置规律:紧跟在be动词、become、seem等系动词之后
4. 作定语(位于被修饰名词前)
位置规律:通常用单数形式,直接放在被修饰名词前
特殊情况:
man/woman作定语时,单复数随被修饰名词变化:women scientists
少数名词必须用复数作定语:sports meeting, clothes shop
5. 作宾语补足语(位于宾语后)
eg: We elected him monitor.
位置规律:位于宾语之后,补充说明宾语的状态或身份
易错提醒
名词与动词转换要点+解题思路
一、核心考查方向:
场景1:动词→名词(高频)
(1)规则变化(占比80%,优先掌握)
+-tion(多)/-ment/-ance
act→action、develop→development、appear→appearance
动词以e结尾:去e+-tion/-sion
decide→decision、invite→invitation、extend→extension
动词以-te/-t结尾:去e+-ion(或直接+-ion)
predict→prediction、select→selection
动词以-ve结尾:改ve为s+-ion
survive→survival、approve→approval
不规则变化(需记忆)举例:succeed→success、fail→failure、vary→variety
场景2:名词→动词(次高频)
(1)规则变化(简单易记,无复杂特例)
名词以-tion/-sion结尾:去-tion/-sion→动词
action→act、decision→decide、attention→attend(2022年真题语境词)
名词以-ment结尾:去-ment→动词
development→develop、agreement→agree
名词以-ance/-ence结尾:去-ance/-ence→动词
importance→important(形容词,补充)、difference→differ
不规则变化(少量核心词)举例:
advice→advise、practice→practise
(2)核心考点:动词的“形式”(时态/语态/非谓语)
名词转动词后,需根据句子时态(一般现在/过去、现在完成时等)、主谓一致、非谓语结构(to do/doing/done)调整动词形式。
二、名词—动词转换解题4步法
步骤1:看句子成分,锁定空格需求
先判断空格在句中作什么成分,直接决定是否需要“名词-动词转换”:
若空格作主语、宾语(前有冠词a/an、形容词性物主代词my/their、介词of/for)→ 需填名词(可能是动词转名词);
eg: The ______ (act) of helping others can bring us great joy.(空格前有定冠词The,作主语→填名词action)
若空格作谓语(前有主语、后有宾语/状语)或非谓语(前有to、介词,或作状语)→ 需填动词(可能是名词转动词);
eg: She ______ (decision) to study abroad after graduating from high school.(空格前有主语She,作谓语→填动词decided)
步骤2:判词性方向,确定转换逻辑
根据空格前后的“提示词”和“语法标志”,确定是“动词转名词”还是“名词转动词”:
提示词是动词→ 若空格需作主语/宾语→ 动词转名词;
提示词是名词→ 若空格需作谓语/非谓语→ 名词转动词;
eg: 提示词是“success”(名词),空格前有主语“He”,后有宾语“in the exam”→ 需转动词“succeeded”(过去式,符合时态)。
步骤3:变词形,注意规则与特例
按照前面总结的“规则变化”变形,重点关注北京高考的“高频特例”:
动词转名词优先想-tion/-ment(如devote→devotion,2022年真题);
名词转动词优先去-tion/-ment(如invention→invent,2021年真题语境词);
不规则变化直接记(success→succeed、fail→failure,北京卷反复考)。
步骤4:验逻辑,确保语法通顺
最后检查2点,避免失分:
名词:单复数是否正确(结合冠词、数词、谓语动词);
动词:时态(一般过去时/现在时)、主谓一致(第三人称单数)、非谓语形式是否正确;
eg: His ______ (achieve) in science have inspired many young people.(空格后谓语是have→ 名词用复数achievements)
名词与形容词转换要点+解题思路
一、总规律
形容词 → 名词,多数依靠后缀变形;名词含义基本对应:“…… 性质 / 状态 / 抽象特征”。
分为四大类,高考完形、语法填空高频考查。
二、高频后缀
1. -ness(最常见,表状态、性质,几乎只加在形容词后)
结构:形容词 + ness → 抽象名词
•happy → happiness 幸福
•sad → sadness 悲伤
•weak → weakness 弱点;虚弱
•dark → darkness 黑暗
•kind → kindness 善良
他的弱点使他选择放弃。
⚠️ 注意:-ness 不加在以 - ous、-ive 结尾形容词上
2. -ity /-ty(多用于多音节形容词,高考语法填空常客)
形容词 → 去掉词尾 e / 变换词根 + ity
•able → ability 能力
•possible → possibility 可能性
•responsible → responsibility 责任
•equal → equality 平等
•real → reality 现实
3. -th(少数形容词,词义变化较大,重点记忆)
•true → truth 真相
•long → length 长度
•wide → width 宽度
•deep → depth 深度
•strong → strength 力量
4. -ce /-nce(形容词后缀 -t /-nt → 名词 -ce/-nce)
规律:
形容词 -ant / -ent → 名词 -ance / -ence
•different → difference 差异
•important → importance 重要性
•silent → silence 沉默
•confident → confidence 信心
•patient → patience 耐心
三、特殊不规则变形
1.high(adj. 高的)→ height(n. 高度)
2.young → youth 青春;年轻人
3.dead → death 死亡
4.broad → breadth 宽度
5.wise → wisdom 智慧
四、极易混淆易错点(语法填空陷阱)
1.strong(adj) —strength(n),不要写成 strongness
2.long— length;wide— width;deep —depth,不要乱加 ness
3.able → ability,不是 ablity(双写易错)
4.区分:
kind (adj)— kindness (n);
wise (adj) —wisdom (n)
五、速记口诀
形容词变名看后缀: ,
状态性质常用ness;
多音节抽象多用ity;
-ant/-ent 变ance/ence;
长宽深真去找th;
特殊变化单独记!
知识点 3比较级/最高级
得分速记
一、基础概念
✅ 原级:本身(tall 高)
✅ 比较级:两者对比,更……,常搭配 than
✅ 最高级:三者及以上,最……,前面一般加 the
二、变化规则(语法填空必考词形转换)
1)规则变化
1.一般直接 + er /est
tall → taller → the tallest
fast → faster → the fastest
He is taller than me. 他比我高。
2.词尾不发音 e,+ r / st
nice → nicer → the nicest
large → larger → the largest
3.辅音 + y:变 y 为 i + er/est
heavy → heavier → the heaviest
easy → easier → the easiest
4.重读闭音节:辅 - 元 - 辅,双写末尾辅音 + er/est
big → bigger → the biggest
hot → hotter → the hottest
thin → thinner → the thinnest
5.多音节词 / 长单词:前面加 more / most
beautiful → more beautiful → the most beautiful
difficult → more difficult → the most difficult
2)不规则变化
good /well(好)—better—best
bad /badly/ill(坏)—worse—worst
many /much(多)— more—most
little(少)—less—least
far—farther (距离更远) /further (进一步)—farthest / furthest
old—older (年龄 / 新旧) /elder (家人长幼)—oldest / eldest
三、核心句型
🔹 比较级句型
1.A + 比较级 + than + B: A 比 B……
She runs faster than Tom.
2.比较级 + and + 比较级: 越来越……
The days are getting longer and longer.
It becomes more and more popular.(多音节词用 more and more…)
3.The + 比较级,the + 比较级:越……,越……(超级高频!)
The harder you work, the better results you will get.
你越努力,成绩越好。
4.the + 比较级 + of the two: 两者之中更…… 的那个(两者只能用比较级!)
He is the taller of the two boys.
5.否定词 + 比较级 = 最高级含义
I have never seen a better film.
= This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
6.修饰比较级(只能用这些!不能用 very)
much, far, even, still, a little, a bit
much easier 容易得多;even colder 甚至更冷
❌ very harder(错) ✅ much harder
🔹 最高级句型
1.the + 最高级 + in /of …:在…… 之中最……
She is the youngest in our class.
2.one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数:最…… 之一
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.
⚠️陷阱:one of 后面名词必须复数
易错提醒
1.最高级一般带 the;副词最高级 the 可省略
He runs (the) fastest in the team.
形容词最高级不能丢 the:She is the cleverest girl.
2.比较对象要一致,避免逻辑错误
❌ The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai.
✅ The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
(that 指代不可数名词 weather)
3.同一范围比较:比较级 + than any other + 单数名词
Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
4.less /fewer 区分
•fewer + 可数复数:fewer students
•less + 不可数名词:less time
考●向●破●译
考向一 名词相关变形
1. (2026·北京海淀·一模)A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true (belief), but will be blind to others.
2.(2026·北京丰台·一模)With these skills, you can work across a wide (vary) of industries, from health, finance and education to retail.
3.(2026·北京丰台·一模)China’s world natural heritage sites are all in good condition, with their ecological value contributing economically to local (community).
4.(2026·北京昌平·二模)When your deepest conviction is in line with your work, challenges don’t stop you. They shape you. After years of struggles, I came to realize that (difficult) are not something that blocks the path, but something that guides it.
考向二 形容词&副词修饰不同成分
1.(2026·北京昌平·二模)The very best notes are the ones you take in an (organize) manner that encourages frequent review and reuse.
2.(2026·北京西城·二模) I was really upset, and it felt like an even (big) setback. However, months later, that company had a major crisis.
3.(25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末)I discovered that learning the language was a gateway to a vast cultural heritage, and I (eager) began my exploration.
4.(2026·北京海淀·三模)A volunteer team designed this practical solution. Their goal is to introduce this cutting-edge technology to protect frontline responders, (true) making a life-saving difference.
考点四 虚词
知●识●解●构
知识点1 介词
得分速记
1. 固定动词搭配介词
1 / 19
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.call attention to 关注
2.contribute to 促成;有助于
3.devote … to 致力于
4.lead to 导致
5.be familiar with 熟悉
6.rely on 依靠
7.wait for 等待
8.thanks to 多亏
9.adapt to 适应
10.integrate … into 融入
2. 固定名词搭配介词
1.insight into 对…… 的见解
2.enthusiasm for 对…… 的热情
3.guide to … …… 的指南
4.trip to 去往…… 的旅程
5.solution to …… 的解决办法
6.access to 使用 / 接触…… 的途径
7.respect for 尊重
3. 固定短语介词
1.at one’s expense 以…… 为代价
2.as a whole 整体上
3.far beyond 远远超出
4.in general 总的来说
5.in return 作为回报
6.with ease 轻松地
7.over the years 多年以来
8.between periods 在时段之间
9.by (表增减幅度)increase by 增加了
10.on + 具体早中晚:on a cold night
4. with 复合结构
结构:with + 宾语 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词,表伴随
例:__________ no collar to guide him, he went door to door. 答案:With
5. “介词 + 关系代词 which” 定语从句结构
介词由从句固定搭配决定,介词提前
例:something __________ which you may not be familiar 答案:with
易错提醒
1.to 既是介词也是不定式符号,极易混淆
介词 to 后 + doing:devote to doing,look forward to doing
不定式 to 后 + do:way to do,ability to do
易错错题:He devotes himself to __________ (learn) culture.
答案:learning
2.时间介词 in /on/at 区分
in + 年月、泛指早中晚 in the evening
on + 具体某天 / 带修饰的早晚 on a rainy morning
at + 时刻 at noon /at night
3.表 “拥有” 只用 with,不用 have
a man __________ a bushy beard 留浓密胡子的男人 填 with,不能 have
4.增减介词 to /by 区分
increase to 增长到(最终数值)
increase by 增长了(差值)
知识点2 代词
得分速记
(一)提示词为人称代词 (I/you/he/they) → 变形三大类
1.反身代词(最高频)
固定搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
find oneself doing 不知不觉……
immerse oneself in 全身心投入
hurt oneself 伤到自己
例句:I found __________ standing there an hour. 答案:myself
2.形容词性物主代词(修饰名词)
I → my;they → their;he → his
例:reflect __________ highest value 答案:our
3.名词性物主代词(后不加名词)
mine = my + n.
(二)不定代词(无提示词少量考查)
all, everything, something, anyone;定语从句中先行词为不定代词只用 that
(三)关系代词(定语从句,无提示)
1.who:先行人,从句主 / 宾
2.which:先行物,从句主 / 宾,可用于非限制性定语从句
3.that:人 / 物,不能用于非限制性定语从句
4.whose:表所属 “…… 的”,后必须接名词
Eg:Thomas, __________ own house was flooding 答案:whose
(四)what(名词性从句代词,译为…… 的事物)
从句缺少主语 / 宾语时用 what
例:This is __________ we need. 答案:what
易错提醒
1.反身代词只用于主语和宾语同一人,不同人不用
错:He helped myself.
对:He helped me.
2.whose 后面必须紧跟名词,不可单独使用
错:the man, whose was hurt
对:the man whose leg was hurt
3.非限制性定语从句绝对不能用 that
错:The book, that I read, is great.
对:The book, which I read, is great.
4.what /that 从句区分
从句缺成分(主 / 宾)→ what
从句主谓完整、不缺含义 → that
① I believe __________ he is honest.(句子完整)that
② I believe __________ he said.(said 缺宾语)what
5.all, everything 作先行词,定语从句只能用 that,不用 which
知识点3 并列连词
得分速记
一、三大基础并列连词(连接单词、短语、分句)
1.and 并列顺承:和、并且,表并列、递进
谓语并列:rushed and took(过去式统一)
2.but 转折:但是,前后语义相反
例:We searched, __________ found nothing. 答案:but
3.or 选择:或者;否则
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
拓展并列搭配
both … and … 两者都
not … but … 不是…… 而是……
二、并列连词判断技巧
1.结构对称原则:and/but/or 前后词性、时态、句式保持一致
并列谓语:ran, stopped and talked 全部过去式
并列形容词:cleaner and more beautiful 同为比较级
2.区分:并列连词 vs 从句连词
并列连词:连接两个独立完整句子,中间逗号分隔
状语从句连词(because/when/though):主句 + 从句,有主次
易错提醒
1.and 连接谓语,时态必须统一
错题:He opened the door and __________ (walk) out.
错:walks 对:walked(与 opened 同为过去式)
2.but 不与 although/though 连用(不能同时出现)
错:Though he tried, but he failed.
修改:去掉 though 或去掉 but
3.or 两层含义区分
① 选择:Tea or coffee? 或者
② 警告否则:Get up early, or you miss the bus.
4.逗号 + which ≠ and
逗号后单独 which 是非限制性定语从句,不是并列句,不能填 and
Food waste, __________ pollutes the ocean. 填 which,不填 and
5.多个并列成分,最后两者之间加 and
small, simple and meaningful(三个形容词并列)
考●向●破●译
考向一 介词高频搭配
1.(2026·北京海淀·三模)Mr. Johnson, our elderly neighbor, was a mystery. One day, I heard beautiful piano music played with great passion his house.
2. (2026·北京石景山·二模)Within just two months, her series of more than 20 videos, seen as a practical guide
“becoming Chinese”, averaged 1 million views each.
3.(2026·北京顺义·二模)Scientists describe it “the darkest fabric ever made”.
考向二 代词高频考点
1.(2026·北京东城·一模)Spacesuits are important if you leave Earth’s protective atmosphere. Spacesuits should allow excellent freedom of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs all by (they).
2.(2026·北京海淀·一模)Sarah found (she) standing there for nearly an hour. When the puppet was finished, the craftsman pressed it gently into her hands.
3. (2026·北京丰台·二模) I shared these adventures with my children, hoping to help them overcome
(they) fear of the dark.
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
1.(2026·北京·高考真题)
My dad and I were at a grocery store last evening. When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He 1 (forget) to take it. I remember the 2 (embarrass) on his face. The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people 3 (wait) behind us. Unexpectedly, a man 4 (step) forward, handed his card to the cashier and said, “Let me help.”
2.(2024·北京·高考真题)
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 1 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 2 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 3 (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
3.(2025·北京·高考真题)
Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 1 (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 2 (scare). The truth, though, is 3 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
题组二 说明文
1.(2026·北京·高考真题)
Universities 1 (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). So far, this model 2 (produce) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody 3 is connected to the Internet to access learning resources.
2.(2024·北京·高考真题)
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 1 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 2 (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 3 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 4 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
3.(2024·北京·高考真题)
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 1 (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 2 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 3 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
$专题02 语法填空题
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词类
知识解构 知识点1 谓语动词 知识点2 非谓语动词
考向破译 考向 01 时态+主谓一致 考向02 长难句中辨别非谓语动词
考点二 从句
知识解构 知识点1 定语从句 知识点2 名词性从句 知识点3 从句的辨析
考向破译 考向 01 关系代词 考向02 关系副词 考向03 名词性从句的连接词
考点三 词性转换
知识解构 知识点1 名词单复数变化 知识点2 动词/形容词→名词 知识点3 比较级/最高级
考向破译 考向01 名词相关变形 考向02 形容词&副词修饰不同成分
考点四 虚词
知识解构 知识点1 介词 知识点2 代词 知识点3 并列连词
考向破译 考向01 介词高频搭配 考向02 代词高频考点
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
谓语动词(时态 / 语态 / 主谓一致)
are designed;
has produced;
had forgotten;
stepped
left;
had made;
are achieved
jogged;
was named
非谓语动词
named;
to stimulate
travelling;
scared
knocking;
to rest
名词(单复数 / 词性转换)
embarrassment
boundaries
self-awareness
形容词 & 副词(比较级 / 词性转换)
无
longer
无
从句
who
what
who
介词 / 代词 / 连词
within;
to
at
to
考情分析
题型与考向:
分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。
○完全依托语境,不孤立考查语法,融合人文、科技、生活、传统文化话题;
○动词类(谓语 + 非谓语)占比最高,是绝对核心考点;
○从句(定语 / 名词性从句)每年必考,虚词固定搭配高频重复;
○词性转换侧重词根变形,名词复数、形容词副词比较级为常规考向。
复习目标
1.区分谓语动词与非谓语动词,掌握时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语三种形式用法;
2.熟练三大从句引导词判定方法,快速判断句子缺主干 / 状语 / 定语;
3.熟记词性转换规则、名词单复数、形容词副词变形、固定介词搭配。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词类
知●识●解●构
知识点1 谓语动词
得分速记
1.判断依据:空格所在句子有主语,无其他谓语动词,空格作句子谓语;
2.三步解题法:
① 看时间标志词:over the past years/so far→现在完成时;thousands of years ago/last year→一般过去时;
right now→现在进行时;by the time + 过去时→过去完成时;every year→一般现在时;
② 判断主被动:主语能发出动作→主动;主语承受动作→被动(be+done);
③ 主谓一致:动名词 / 不定代词 / 单数名词作主语→三单;复数主语→原形 / 复数 be 动词。
3. 常考要点精讲
1) 一般过去时 last year/then/in + 过去年份
2) 过去完成时 by the time + 过去动作、before 过去动作
3) 现在完成时 so far/in recent years/since + 时间, up to now
4) 现在进行时 right now/nowadays/at present
5) 过去将来时 主句过去,one day/would 表预判 she never imagined/expected/thought
4.被动语态判断:主语不能主动发出动作,be+done
5.主谓一致:动名词、不定代词、单数名词作主语,谓语三单
易错提醒
(1)过去完成时必须存在 “过去的过去” 两层时间,单独过去时间不用 had done;
(2)被动语态不能漏 be 动词,三单、复数 be 动词要匹配主语。
知识点2 非谓语动词
得分速记
1.判断依据:句子已有完整谓语动词,空格不作谓语,用非谓语;
2.三类形式固定场景:
(1)to do 不定式:
①目的状语;
②抽象名词后置定语(way/capability/chance to do);
③固定搭配 allow sb. to do /be forecast to do;
(2)doing 动名词 / 现在分词:
①介词后作宾语(through doing);
②句首作主语;
③主动伴随、自然而然结果状语;
(3)done 过去分词:
①被动后置定语;
②状语从句省略(主语被动);
3.常考要点梳理:
○名词 way/capability/opportunity 后 → to do
○介词 after/through/for等后 → doing
○逗号后表顺理成章结果 → doing
○逻辑主语被动修饰名词 → done
易错提醒
(1)表目的一律用 to do,不能用 doing;
(2)find oneself doing、have sb. done 固定搭配区分主动被动。
考●向●破●译
考向1 考查时态+主谓一致
1.(2026·北京丰台·一模)
In recent years, the country (host) 15 of the world’s 2 natural heritage sites and four of the world’s 25 sites recognised for both cultural and natural features.
【答案】has hosted
【解析】
考查动词时态。句意:近年来,在全球2处自然遗产中,中国拥有15处,在全球25处文化与自然双重遗产中,中国拥有4处。根据时间状语In recent years(近年来)可知,句子需用现在完成时;主语the country(中国)为单数,助动词用has,host(拥有、主办)的过去分词为hosted。故填has hosted。
2.(2026·北京·高考真题)
My dad and I were at a grocery store last evening. When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He (forget) to take it.
【答案】had forgotten
【解析】
考查时态。句意:他忘了带钱包。forget在句中作谓语动词,结合上文“my dad reached for his wallet and froze”可知,“忘记带钱包”发生在掏钱包之前,表过去的过去,用过去完成时,填had forgotten。
3.(25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末)
Unfortunately, these vital ecosystems (disappear) at an alarming rate right now due to human activity.
【答案】are disappearing
【解析】
考查现在进行时。句意:遗憾的是,这些重要的生态系统目前正因人类活动以惊人的速度消失。根据时间状语right now可知,句子需用现在进行时,主语these vital ecosystems为复数,be动词用are,disappear的现在分词为disappearing。
4.(2026·北京·高考真题)Universities (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time).
【答案】are designed
【解析】
考查时态语态。句意:大学的设计遵循法国古典悲剧的三大要素:时间、行动与地点。主语universities和谓语design是被动关系,描述客观现状,用一般现在时被动语态,be动词用are。
考向2 考查长难句中辨别非谓语动词
1. (2026·北京西城·一模)
Professor Zhao Haiying leads a team combining AI, big data and archaeology (考古学) (build) a “digital gene bank of Chinese civilization”.
【答案】to build
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:赵海英教授带领团队融合人工智能、大数据与考古学,打造“中华文明数字基因库”。句子已有谓语动词leads,空处表示团队的目的是“打造中华文明数字基因库”,应用不定式to build作目的状语。故填to build。
2.(2025·北京·高考真题)
When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
【答案】traveling/travelling
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling或travelling。
3.(2026·北京·高考真题)
Sound familiar? You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life.
【答案】named
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能不知道这个术语,但这种感觉就是“kama muta”,一种最近被命名的情绪,它标志着我们生命中一些最重要的时刻。动词name与其逻辑名词emotion之间是被动关系,应用过去分词named作定语,表示“被命名的”。
策略归纳
核心总原则:一个分句若无连词,不能同时存在两个谓语动词;已有谓语,第二个动词优先考虑非谓语(to do /doing/done)
技巧1:
拆分长难句,核查分句谓语数量(判定 “要不要用非谓语”)
操作步骤:
1.划出主句 / 从句主干,找出句中已有谓语动词(体现时态、三单、被动、情态动词);
2.判断两个动词之间有无并列连词(and/but/or)、从句引导词(that/which/when 等);
3.✅ 已有谓语、无合法连词 → 空格动词为非谓语
❌ 分句缺少谓语动词 → 填谓语(时态语态)
Eg.
1.Earth Day, _______________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
解析:主句谓语 is;无连词连接 mark,mark 为非谓语;Earth Day 与 mark 被动。答案:marked
2.Many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _______________(think) it is food.
解析:主句谓语 eat;逗号无并列连词,think 是非谓语;animals 主动发出 think。答案:thinking
技巧2:
锁定逻辑主语,区分主动 / 被动 / 目的,敲定非谓语形式
操作步骤:
1.找到非谓语对应的逻辑主语(主句主语、被修饰名词、with 复合结构宾语);
2.关系判定:
•逻辑主语主动发出动作、伴随 / 同时发生 → doing
•逻辑主语承受动作、表被动完成 → done
•表目的、将来动作、特定固定句型 → to do
Eg.
1._______________(surround) by mountains, the city enjoys beautiful scenery all year round.
解析:逻辑主语 the city;与 surround 被动,作状语。答案:Surrounded
2._______________(see) from the top of the mountain, the whole town looks extremely attractive.
解析:逻辑主语 town,承受 see 动作。答案:Seen
3.To improve efficiency, many farmers choose new machines _______________(save) time and labour.
解析:非谓语表目的。答案:to save
4.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______________(die) early by running.
解析:介词 of 后,只能用动名词 doing。答案:dying
速记口诀
先拆长句找谓语,无连多动非谓语;
找准主语判主被,目的将来用 to do;
主动伴随 doing,被动完成 done。
考点二 从句
知●识●解●构
知识点1 定语从句
得分速记
易错提醒
1.从句中如果缺主语或宾语的情况下,先行词是人:who/that;先行词是物:which/that;
2.先行词表抽象地点 /situation/point:where;先行词表时间:when;
3.非限制性定语从句不能用 that,只用 which/who/whose;
4.“介词 + which” 固定搭配(with which /with whom);
5. 从句中缺定语,即“......的”,用whose。
知识点2 名词性从句
得分速记
易错提醒
1.what:从句缺主语 / 宾语,表 “…… 的事物”;
2.that:从句成分完整、语义完整,无含义不充当成分;
3.how/where/why:从句完整,缺方式 / 地点 / 原因状语;
4.whether:搭配 or not,表 “是否”。
知识点3 从句的辨析
得分速记
易错提醒
一、核心本质区分
定语从句(形容词性从句)
✅ 前面一定有先行词(名词 / 代词),从句用来修饰、限定这个名词
✅ 删掉从句,主句依然完整
✅ 引导词:关系词 that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why
❌ 定语从句绝对没有 what!(高频陷阱)
名词性从句(名词性从句:主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 同位语从句)
✅ 没有先行词;整个从句 = 一个名词,在主句充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语
✅ 删掉从句,主句残缺,缺少主 / 宾 / 表
✅ 引导词:that / whether / what / who / when / where / how
二、四步标准化解题
步骤 1:拆分主句,锁定空格位置
划出主句主谓,判断空格前是不是名词。
步骤 2:第一层判断(分水岭)
① 空格前有名词 → 两种可能性:定语从句 OR 同位语从句(名词性从句)
② 空格前没有名词 → 直接判定名词性从句
步骤 3:区分【定语从句 VS 同位语从句】
•定语从句:从句缺少主语 / 宾语,关系词要在从句充当成分;从句是 “修饰名词是什么样的”
•同位语从句:从句句子结构完整(主谓齐全);从句 = 名词的具体内容;that 不作成分
最简检验:名词 = 从句内容 ✔同位语;名词≠从句内容,只是被从句修饰 ✔定语从句
步骤 4:分析从句内部:缺不缺主干,选词
1)定语从句:
缺主 / 宾 → that/which/who;缺状语 → when/where/why;表所属 → whose
2)名词性从句:
从句缺主 / 宾 / 表 → what/who;
从句结构完整 → that(无含义)/whether(是否)/ 连接副词 when/where/how
三、必背避雷清单
1.what 只出现在名词性从句,定语从句永远不能填 what!
2.that双重身份:
○定语从句:关系代词,在从句作主语 / 宾语
○名词性从句(同位 / 主语 / 表语从句):连词,不作成分、无词义
3.看到介词后面空格:
介词 +_____,前面无名词 → 名词性从句,常用 what;
介词 +_____,前面有名词 → 定语从句,介词 + which/whom
四、高考真题举例
类型 1:名词前有空格 → 定语从句
Eg.
1.In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almost lifelike.
步骤拆解
1.空格前名词 artist(先行词)→ 定语从句
从句:paintings 缺少定语,artist 和 paintings 是所属关系
✅ 答案:whose
2.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species __________ live within the Giant Panda Range.
1.先行词 species(物),定语从句
2.从句缺少主语;先行词被 all 修饰,只用 that
✅答案:that
3.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
1.逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句;先行词 pet shop
2.从句 opened 缺少宾语;非限制性不能用 that
✅答案:which
类型 2:空格前无名词 → 名词性从句
4....along the Firehole River in __________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
步骤拆解
1.介词 in 后面,空格前面没有名词,不存在先行词 → 名词性从句(宾语从句,作 in 宾语)
2.从句is now...缺少主语,表示 “…… 的地方”
✅答案:what
⚠️典型陷阱:很多学生误填 where;where 是状语,不能充当 is 的主语!
5.__________ surprised me most was that he refused the invitation.
1.空格在句首,后面直接接谓语 surprised,前面无名词 → 主语从句(名词性从句)
2.从句缺少主语,表 “事情”
✅答案:What
6.The truth is __________ we have limited time.
1.is 系动词之后 → 表语从句(名词性从句)
2.从句 we have limited time 主谓完整,不缺成分,无疑问含义
✅答案:that
类型 3:最高难度:名词后空格 → 区分【定语从句 VS 同位语从句】
对比组 A
① The news __________ he told me excited us.
拆解:先行词 news;从句 he told me 缺少宾语(told 的宾语)→ 定语从句
✅答案:that/which
② The news __________ he will come excited us.
拆解:news(消息)= 从句内容(他要来);从句 he will come 主谓完整,不缺成分 → 同位语从句(名词性从句)
✅答案:that
考●向●破●译
考向一 关系代词
1.(2026·北京房山·一模)Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour
make a person unique.
【答案】that/which
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意:性格是使一个人与众不同的、具有特征性的思维、情感和行为模式。______make a person unique是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour,先行词是事物名词,所填关系词在该从句中作主语,关系代词that或which符合要求。故填that/which。
2.(2026·北京通州·一模)
Unlike fast food, slow food values nutrition and the time spent growing the crops and preparing meals. Sitting down to enjoy such a meal allows us to honor those grew the food and the effort behind it.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:坐下来享用这样一顿饭,让我们能够向种植这些食物的人及其背后的付出致敬。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词those,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处应用关系代词who引导定语从句。
3.(2026·北京石景山·一模)Thomas, own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to unflooded shelters.
【答案】whose
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意:托马斯自己的房子被洪水淹没了,他多次开车回去营救他长大的小镇上的人们,将他们安全地送到未被洪水淹没的避难所。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词为Thomas,从句中缺少定语修饰own house,表示“……的”,应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
4.(2026·北京东城·一模)Though, most of the children watched excitedly as a bee catcher rounded up the uninvited visitors. This unexpected event led to the school integrating beekeeping into the course, has resulted in notable benefits.
【答案】which
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意:这一意外事件促使学校将养蜂纳入课程,这带来了显著的好处。空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
考向二 关系副词
1.(2026·北京西城·一模)That sentence opened something up. This experience marked a turning point, I realized the need to refocus on my initial purpose.
【答案】where/when
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意:这段经历标志着一个转折点,在这个转折点我意识到需要重新专注于我最初的目标。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是a turning point,可理解为抽象的地点,在从句中作地点状语,此时用关系副词where引导;也可理解为时间,在从句中作时间状语,此时用关系副词when引导。
2.(2026·北京朝阳·一模)Now the “Rewilding Portugal” project, tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns tourists into active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the tourists stay in renewable-powered accommodations.
【答案】where
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意:现在,“Rewilding Portugal”项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田,将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。“_____ tourists help restore degraded farmland by planting native trees”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词project,关系词将其代入定语从句中作抽象的地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
考向三 名词性从句的连接词
1.(2026·北京房山·一模)Understanding personality allows us to predict people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value.
【答案】how
【解析】
考查宾语从句。句意:了解性格能让我们预测人们会对特定情境做出怎样的反应,以及他们喜欢和重视什么样的事物。predict接宾语从句_____people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value,该从句缺方式状语,空格处要用连接副词how,表示“如何、怎样”。故填how。
2.(2026·北京东城·二模)Laughter filled the room and I felt my cheeks burn with embarrassment. The next gesture is I will never forget: the students proceeded to trade shoes with each other to match my crazy situation.
【答案】what
【解析】
考查表语从句。句意:接下来的举动,是我永远不会忘记的。空处引导表语从句,从句中forget缺少宾语,指事物,用连接代词what引导从句。
3.(2026·北京丰台·一模)
this qualification offers are the tools and thinking styles designed to help you make sense of complex information.
【答案】What
【解析】
考查主语从句。句意:这一资格所提供的是旨在帮助你理解复杂信息的工具和思维方式。空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语,主语从句中offers缺少宾语,结合“the tools and thinking styles”可知,宾语指物,应用连接代词what作引导词,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。
4.(2026·北京东城·一模) The children study the dance of the bees to decide honey source is. They use honey in cooking lessons.
【答案】where
【解析】
考查名词性从句。句意:孩子们通过观察蜜蜂的舞蹈来判断蜜源在哪里。“ honey source is”是宾语从句,从句缺少表语,结合句意,表示“在哪里”,应用连接副词where引导该从句。故填where。
考点三 词性转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 名词单复数变化
得分速记
根据名词前的修饰语判断可数名词的单复数
1. a/an/the+单数名词
2. “多一些”+复数名词
•many/several/a few/a number of/the number of/these / those/both+复数名词
•diverse/various/different+复数名词
•one of+复数名词
易错提醒
常见含有名词的固定短语
1.in large quantities 大量地
2.take measures 采取措施
3.form good habits 养成好习惯
4.do morning/eye exercises做早/眼操
5.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
6.take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
7.have difficulties (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
8.keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
9.make preparations for sth.为某事做准备
10.take notes记笔记
11.make mistakes犯错误
12.meet the requirements满足要求
13.natural resources自然资源
14.follow the rules遵守规则
15.pay attention to details关注细节
16.in high spirits情绪高涨
17.make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
18. at the crossroads在十字路口
知识点2 动词/形容词与名词相互转换
得分速记
名词在句中的主要位置与功能
1. 作主语(位于句首或谓语动词前)
eg: Cities are protected by mangroves.
位置规律:名词短语作主语通常位于句首,决定谓语动词单复数
2. 作宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)
动词宾语:We need to establish clear boundaries.
介词宾语:develop a sense of self-awareness
位置规律:位于及物动词后或介词后,构成动宾/介宾结构
3. 作表语(位于系动词后)
位置规律:紧跟在be动词、become、seem等系动词之后
4. 作定语(位于被修饰名词前)
位置规律:通常用单数形式,直接放在被修饰名词前
特殊情况:
man/woman作定语时,单复数随被修饰名词变化:women scientists
少数名词必须用复数作定语:sports meeting, clothes shop
5. 作宾语补足语(位于宾语后)
eg: We elected him monitor.
位置规律:位于宾语之后,补充说明宾语的状态或身份
易错提醒
名词与动词转换要点+解题思路
一、核心考查方向:
场景1:动词→名词(高频)
(1)规则变化(占比80%,优先掌握)
+-tion(多)/-ment/-ance
act→action、develop→development、appear→appearance
动词以e结尾:去e+-tion/-sion
decide→decision、invite→invitation、extend→extension
动词以-te/-t结尾:去e+-ion(或直接+-ion)
predict→prediction、select→selection
动词以-ve结尾:改ve为s+-ion
survive→survival、approve→approval
不规则变化(需记忆)举例:succeed→success、fail→failure、vary→variety
场景2:名词→动词(次高频)
(1)规则变化(简单易记,无复杂特例)
名词以-tion/-sion结尾:去-tion/-sion→动词
action→act、decision→decide、attention→attend(2022年真题语境词)
名词以-ment结尾:去-ment→动词
development→develop、agreement→agree
名词以-ance/-ence结尾:去-ance/-ence→动词
importance→important(形容词,补充)、difference→differ
不规则变化(少量核心词)举例:
advice→advise、practice→practise
(2)核心考点:动词的“形式”(时态/语态/非谓语)
名词转动词后,需根据句子时态(一般现在/过去、现在完成时等)、主谓一致、非谓语结构(to do/doing/done)调整动词形式。
二、名词—动词转换解题4步法
步骤1:看句子成分,锁定空格需求
先判断空格在句中作什么成分,直接决定是否需要“名词-动词转换”:
若空格作主语、宾语(前有冠词a/an、形容词性物主代词my/their、介词of/for)→ 需填名词(可能是动词转名词);
eg: The ______ (act) of helping others can bring us great joy.(空格前有定冠词The,作主语→填名词action)
若空格作谓语(前有主语、后有宾语/状语)或非谓语(前有to、介词,或作状语)→ 需填动词(可能是名词转动词);
eg: She ______ (decision) to study abroad after graduating from high school.(空格前有主语She,作谓语→填动词decided)
步骤2:判词性方向,确定转换逻辑
根据空格前后的“提示词”和“语法标志”,确定是“动词转名词”还是“名词转动词”:
提示词是动词→ 若空格需作主语/宾语→ 动词转名词;
提示词是名词→ 若空格需作谓语/非谓语→ 名词转动词;
eg: 提示词是“success”(名词),空格前有主语“He”,后有宾语“in the exam”→ 需转动词“succeeded”(过去式,符合时态)。
步骤3:变词形,注意规则与特例
按照前面总结的“规则变化”变形,重点关注北京高考的“高频特例”:
动词转名词优先想-tion/-ment(如devote→devotion,2022年真题);
名词转动词优先去-tion/-ment(如invention→invent,2021年真题语境词);
不规则变化直接记(success→succeed、fail→failure,北京卷反复考)。
步骤4:验逻辑,确保语法通顺
最后检查2点,避免失分:
名词:单复数是否正确(结合冠词、数词、谓语动词);
动词:时态(一般过去时/现在时)、主谓一致(第三人称单数)、非谓语形式是否正确;
eg: His ______ (achieve) in science have inspired many young people.(空格后谓语是have→ 名词用复数achievements)
名词与形容词转换要点+解题思路
一、总规律
形容词 → 名词,多数依靠后缀变形;名词含义基本对应:“…… 性质 / 状态 / 抽象特征”。
分为四大类,高考完形、语法填空高频考查。
二、高频后缀
1. -ness(最常见,表状态、性质,几乎只加在形容词后)
结构:形容词 + ness → 抽象名词
•happy → happiness 幸福
•sad → sadness 悲伤
•weak → weakness 弱点;虚弱
•dark → darkness 黑暗
•kind → kindness 善良
他的弱点使他选择放弃。
⚠️ 注意:-ness 不加在以 - ous、-ive 结尾形容词上
2. -ity /-ty(多用于多音节形容词,高考语法填空常客)
形容词 → 去掉词尾 e / 变换词根 + ity
•able → ability 能力
•possible → possibility 可能性
•responsible → responsibility 责任
•equal → equality 平等
•real → reality 现实
3. -th(少数形容词,词义变化较大,重点记忆)
•true → truth 真相
•long → length 长度
•wide → width 宽度
•deep → depth 深度
•strong → strength 力量
4. -ce /-nce(形容词后缀 -t /-nt → 名词 -ce/-nce)
规律:
形容词 -ant / -ent → 名词 -ance / -ence
•different → difference 差异
•important → importance 重要性
•silent → silence 沉默
•confident → confidence 信心
•patient → patience 耐心
三、特殊不规则变形
1.high(adj. 高的)→ height(n. 高度)
2.young → youth 青春;年轻人
3.dead → death 死亡
4.broad → breadth 宽度
5.wise → wisdom 智慧
四、极易混淆易错点(语法填空陷阱)
1.strong(adj) —strength(n),不要写成 strongness
2.long— length;wide— width;deep —depth,不要乱加 ness
3.able → ability,不是 ablity(双写易错)
4.区分:
kind (adj)— kindness (n);
wise (adj) —wisdom (n)
五、速记口诀
形容词变名看后缀: ,
状态性质常用ness;
多音节抽象多用ity;
-ant/-ent 变ance/ence;
长宽深真去找th;
特殊变化单独记!
知识点 3比较级/最高级
得分速记
一、基础概念
✅ 原级:本身(tall 高)
✅ 比较级:两者对比,更……,常搭配 than
✅ 最高级:三者及以上,最……,前面一般加 the
二、变化规则(语法填空必考词形转换)
1)规则变化
1.一般直接 + er /est
tall → taller → the tallest
fast → faster → the fastest
He is taller than me. 他比我高。
2.词尾不发音 e,+ r / st
nice → nicer → the nicest
large → larger → the largest
3.辅音 + y:变 y 为 i + er/est
heavy → heavier → the heaviest
easy → easier → the easiest
4.重读闭音节:辅 - 元 - 辅,双写末尾辅音 + er/est
big → bigger → the biggest
hot → hotter → the hottest
thin → thinner → the thinnest
5.多音节词 / 长单词:前面加 more / most
beautiful → more beautiful → the most beautiful
difficult → more difficult → the most difficult
2)不规则变化
good /well(好)—better—best
bad /badly/ill(坏)—worse—worst
many /much(多)— more—most
little(少)—less—least
far—farther (距离更远) /further (进一步)—farthest / furthest
old—older (年龄 / 新旧) /elder (家人长幼)—oldest / eldest
三、核心句型
🔹 比较级句型
1.A + 比较级 + than + B: A 比 B……
She runs faster than Tom.
2.比较级 + and + 比较级: 越来越……
The days are getting longer and longer.
It becomes more and more popular.(多音节词用 more and more…)
3.The + 比较级,the + 比较级:越……,越……(超级高频!)
The harder you work, the better results you will get.
你越努力,成绩越好。
4.the + 比较级 + of the two: 两者之中更…… 的那个(两者只能用比较级!)
He is the taller of the two boys.
5.否定词 + 比较级 = 最高级含义
I have never seen a better film.
= This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
6.修饰比较级(只能用这些!不能用 very)
much, far, even, still, a little, a bit
much easier 容易得多;even colder 甚至更冷
❌ very harder(错) ✅ much harder
🔹 最高级句型
1.the + 最高级 + in /of …:在…… 之中最……
She is the youngest in our class.
2.one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数:最…… 之一
Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.
⚠️陷阱:one of 后面名词必须复数
易错提醒
1.最高级一般带 the;副词最高级 the 可省略
He runs (the) fastest in the team.
形容词最高级不能丢 the:She is the cleverest girl.
2.比较对象要一致,避免逻辑错误
❌ The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai.
✅ The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
(that 指代不可数名词 weather)
3.同一范围比较:比较级 + than any other + 单数名词
Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
4.less /fewer 区分
•fewer + 可数复数:fewer students
•less + 不可数名词:less time
考●向●破●译
考向一 名词相关变形
1. (2026·北京海淀·一模)A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true (belief), but will be blind to others.
【答案】beliefs
【解析】
考查名词的数。句意:一个思维敏锐但思想封闭的人可能会拥有许多正确的信念,但却对其他观点视而不见。belief为可数名词,many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填beliefs。
2.(2026·北京丰台·一模)With these skills, you can work across a wide (vary) of industries, from health, finance and education to retail.
【答案】variety
【解析】
考查名词。句意:凭借这些技能,你可以在从医疗、金融、教育到零售等各种各样的行业中工作。a wide variety of是固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
3.(2026·北京丰台·一模)China’s world natural heritage sites are all in good condition, with their ecological value contributing economically to local (community).
【答案】communities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:中国的世界自然遗产状况良好,其生态价值为当地社区带来了经济贡献。根据空前local(当地的)可知,空处需填名词community(社区);结合语境,当地社区不止一个,应用复数形式communities作宾语。故填communities。
4.(2026·北京昌平·二模)When your deepest conviction is in line with your work, challenges don’t stop you. They shape you. After years of struggles, I came to realize that (difficult) are not something that blocks the path, but something that guides it.
【答案】difficulties
【解析】考查名词。句意:经过多年的奋斗,我逐渐意识到,困难并不是阻挡道路的东西,而是指引道路的东西。根据句子结构可知,此处需要名词作主语,表示“困难”用difficulty,是可数名词,根据谓语are可知,主语用复数形式。
考向二 形容词&副词修饰不同成分
1.(2026·北京昌平·二模)The very best notes are the ones you take in an (organize) manner that encourages frequent review and reuse.
【答案】organized
【解析】
考查形容词。句意:最好的笔记是以有条理的方式记录的,这种方式鼓励频繁地复习和再利用。根据空前的不定冠词an和空后的名词manner可知,此处应用形容词organized“有条理的”作定语,修饰名词manner。
2.(2026·北京西城·二模) I was really upset, and it felt like an even (big) setback. However, months later, that company had a major crisis.
【答案】bigger
【解析】
考查形容词。句意:我非常沮丧,感觉这是一个更大的挫折。空处需填形容词作定语,even后常修饰形容词比较级,big的比较级为bigger。
3.(25-26高三下·北京海淀·期末)I discovered that learning the language was a gateway to a vast cultural heritage, and I (eager) began my exploration.
【答案】eagerly
【解析】
考查副词。句意:我发现学习这门语言是通往广阔文化遗产的一扇大门,于是我急切地开始了我的探索。空处修饰动词began,应用副词eagerly作状语,表示“急切地”。
4.(2026·北京海淀·三模)A volunteer team designed this practical solution. Their goal is to introduce this cutting-edge technology to protect frontline responders, (true) making a life-saving difference.
【答案】truly
【解析】
考查副词。句意:他们的目标是将这项前沿技术引入应用,以保护一线救援人员,从而真正带来拯救生命的巨大影响。修饰后文动词短语用副词truly作状语。
考点四 虚词
知●识●解●构
知识点1 介词
得分速记
1. 固定动词搭配介词
1 / 19
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1.call attention to 关注
2.contribute to 促成;有助于
3.devote … to 致力于
4.lead to 导致
5.be familiar with 熟悉
6.rely on 依靠
7.wait for 等待
8.thanks to 多亏
9.adapt to 适应
10.integrate … into 融入
2. 固定名词搭配介词
1.insight into 对…… 的见解
2.enthusiasm for 对…… 的热情
3.guide to … …… 的指南
4.trip to 去往…… 的旅程
5.solution to …… 的解决办法
6.access to 使用 / 接触…… 的途径
7.respect for 尊重
3. 固定短语介词
1.at one’s expense 以…… 为代价
2.as a whole 整体上
3.far beyond 远远超出
4.in general 总的来说
5.in return 作为回报
6.with ease 轻松地
7.over the years 多年以来
8.between periods 在时段之间
9.by (表增减幅度)increase by 增加了
10.on + 具体早中晚:on a cold night
4. with 复合结构
结构:with + 宾语 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词,表伴随
例:__________ no collar to guide him, he went door to door. 答案:With
5. “介词 + 关系代词 which” 定语从句结构
介词由从句固定搭配决定,介词提前
例:something __________ which you may not be familiar 答案:with
易错提醒
1.to 既是介词也是不定式符号,极易混淆
介词 to 后 + doing:devote to doing,look forward to doing
不定式 to 后 + do:way to do,ability to do
易错错题:He devotes himself to __________ (learn) culture.
答案:learning
2.时间介词 in /on/at 区分
in + 年月、泛指早中晚 in the evening
on + 具体某天 / 带修饰的早晚 on a rainy morning
at + 时刻 at noon /at night
3.表 “拥有” 只用 with,不用 have
a man __________ a bushy beard 留浓密胡子的男人 填 with,不能 have
4.增减介词 to /by 区分
increase to 增长到(最终数值)
increase by 增长了(差值)
知识点2 代词
得分速记
(一)提示词为人称代词 (I/you/he/they) → 变形三大类
1.反身代词(最高频)
固定搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
find oneself doing 不知不觉……
immerse oneself in 全身心投入
hurt oneself 伤到自己
例句:I found __________ standing there an hour. 答案:myself
2.形容词性物主代词(修饰名词)
I → my;they → their;he → his
例:reflect __________ highest value 答案:our
3.名词性物主代词(后不加名词)
mine = my + n.
(二)不定代词(无提示词少量考查)
all, everything, something, anyone;定语从句中先行词为不定代词只用 that
(三)关系代词(定语从句,无提示)
1.who:先行人,从句主 / 宾
2.which:先行物,从句主 / 宾,可用于非限制性定语从句
3.that:人 / 物,不能用于非限制性定语从句
4.whose:表所属 “…… 的”,后必须接名词
Eg:Thomas, __________ own house was flooding 答案:whose
(四)what(名词性从句代词,译为…… 的事物)
从句缺少主语 / 宾语时用 what
例:This is __________ we need. 答案:what
易错提醒
1.反身代词只用于主语和宾语同一人,不同人不用
错:He helped myself.
对:He helped me.
2.whose 后面必须紧跟名词,不可单独使用
错:the man, whose was hurt
对:the man whose leg was hurt
3.非限制性定语从句绝对不能用 that
错:The book, that I read, is great.
对:The book, which I read, is great.
4.what /that 从句区分
从句缺成分(主 / 宾)→ what
从句主谓完整、不缺含义 → that
① I believe __________ he is honest.(句子完整)that
② I believe __________ he said.(said 缺宾语)what
5.all, everything 作先行词,定语从句只能用 that,不用 which
知识点3 并列连词
得分速记
一、三大基础并列连词(连接单词、短语、分句)
1.and 并列顺承:和、并且,表并列、递进
谓语并列:rushed and took(过去式统一)
2.but 转折:但是,前后语义相反
例:We searched, __________ found nothing. 答案:but
3.or 选择:或者;否则
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
拓展并列搭配
both … and … 两者都
not … but … 不是…… 而是……
二、并列连词判断技巧
1.结构对称原则:and/but/or 前后词性、时态、句式保持一致
并列谓语:ran, stopped and talked 全部过去式
并列形容词:cleaner and more beautiful 同为比较级
2.区分:并列连词 vs 从句连词
并列连词:连接两个独立完整句子,中间逗号分隔
状语从句连词(because/when/though):主句 + 从句,有主次
易错提醒
1.and 连接谓语,时态必须统一
错题:He opened the door and __________ (walk) out.
错:walks 对:walked(与 opened 同为过去式)
2.but 不与 although/though 连用(不能同时出现)
错:Though he tried, but he failed.
修改:去掉 though 或去掉 but
3.or 两层含义区分
① 选择:Tea or coffee? 或者
② 警告否则:Get up early, or you miss the bus.
4.逗号 + which ≠ and
逗号后单独 which 是非限制性定语从句,不是并列句,不能填 and
Food waste, __________ pollutes the ocean. 填 which,不填 and
5.多个并列成分,最后两者之间加 and
small, simple and meaningful(三个形容词并列)
考●向●破●译
考向一 介词高频搭配
1.(2026·北京海淀·三模)Mr. Johnson, our elderly neighbor, was a mystery. One day, I heard beautiful piano music played with great passion his house.
【答案】from/in
【解析】考查介词。句意:有一天,我听到从他的房子里传出饱含激情的优美钢琴曲。空处应填介词,from侧重声音源自房屋外部方位,表“从……处所传出”; in侧重声音处于房屋内部空间,表“在房子里面传出”,两个介词都符合语境。
2. (2026·北京石景山·二模)Within just two months, her series of more than 20 videos, seen as a practical guide
“becoming Chinese”, averaged 1 million views each.
【答案】to
【解析】
考查介词。句意:短短两个月内,她这20多个被视为“成为中国人”实用指南的系列视频,每个平均播放量达100万。固定搭配a guide to…表示“……的指南”。
3.(2026·北京顺义·二模)Scientists describe it “the darkest fabric ever made”.
【答案】as
【解析】
考查介词。句意:科学家称其为“有史以来制造出的最深色的织物”。describe sth. as...是固定短语,意为“把……描述为”,因此空格处用介词as。
考向二 代词高频考点
1.(2026·北京东城·一模)Spacesuits are important if you leave Earth’s protective atmosphere. Spacesuits should allow excellent freedom of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs all by (they).
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意同上。固定短语all by oneself表示“独自,单独”,此处指代wearers,应用第三人称复数反身代词。故填themselves。
2.(2026·北京海淀·一模)Sarah found (she) standing there for nearly an hour. When the puppet was finished, the craftsman pressed it gently into her hands.
【答案】herself
【解析】
考查代词。句意:萨拉发现自己在那里站了将近一个小时。主语是Sarah,此空作宾语,和主语指同一人,所以用反身代词herself,find oneself doing sth.表示“发现自己不知不觉在做某事”。故填herself。
3. (2026·北京丰台·二模) I shared these adventures with my children, hoping to help them overcome
(they) fear of the dark.
【答案】their
【解析】
考查代词。句意:我将这些经历与我的孩子们分享,希望能帮助他们克服对黑暗的恐惧。修饰名词fear用形容词性物主代词their。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
题组一 记叙文
1.(2026·北京·高考真题)
My dad and I were at a grocery store last evening. When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He 1 (forget) to take it. I remember the 2 (embarrass) on his face. The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people 3 (wait) behind us. Unexpectedly, a man 4 (step) forward, handed his card to the cashier and said, “Let me help.”
【答案】1.had forgotten 2.embarrassment 3.waiting 4.stepped
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和父亲去杂货店购物,结账时父亲发现忘记带钱包,尴尬之时一位陌生人主动出手帮忙的故事。
【解析】
1.考查时态。句意:他忘了带钱包。forget在句中作谓语动词,结合上文“my dad reached for his wallet and froze”可知,“忘记带钱包”发生在掏钱包之前,表过去的过去,用过去完成时,填had forgotten。
2.考查名词。句意:我记得他脸上的窘迫。作remember宾语,the后需要名词,embarrass是动词,此空填其名词形式embarrassment,意为“尴尬、窘迫”。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:收银员已经扫完所有商品,有几个人在我们后面等候。句中and连接两个并列分句,第二个分句是there be句型,此分句中已有谓语were,wait作非谓语动词,主语people与wait之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,用现在分词waiting作后置定语,修饰a couple of people。
4.考查时态。句意:意想不到的是,一名男子走上前,把他的卡递给收银员说:“我来帮忙付吧。”此空与handed和said由and连接,作并列谓语,三个动作表顺承关系,都发生在过去,要用一般过去时,step的过去式是stepped。
2.(2024·北京·高考真题)
One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 1 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 2 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 3 (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
【答案】1.to 2.knocking 3.jogged
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为一个掉落东西的男孩提供帮助的故事。
【解析】
1.考查介词。句意:我心想,“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着?”think to oneself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”,符合语境。故填to。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:就在这时,一些孩子朝他跑来,把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran,空处作非谓语动词,knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
3.考查时态。句意:我很同情他,然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句,空处作后句谓语,根据句中went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。
3.(2025·北京·高考真题)
Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 1 (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 2 (scare). The truth, though, is 3 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
【答案】1.peaceful 2.scared 3.what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大多数放学后和狗Nick在森林散步的时光。
【解析】
1.考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”,“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
3.考查表语从句引导词。句意:不过,真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导,what在从句中作主语,意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。
题组二 说明文
1.(2026·北京·高考真题)
Universities 1 (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). So far, this model 2 (produce) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody 3 is connected to the Internet to access learning resources.
【答案】1.are designed 2.has produced 3.who
【导语】主要说明了传统大学依照法国古典悲剧三一律模式搭建,该模式造就众多名校。但如今数字化带来冲击,联网人群均可便捷获取各类学习资源。
【解析】
1.考查时态语态。句意:大学的设计遵循法国古典悲剧的三大要素:时间、行动与地点。主语universities和谓语design是被动关系,描述客观现状,用一般现在时被动语态,be动词用are。
2.考查时态。句意:迄今为止,这一模式已催生了众多知名大学,但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战,因为互联网连接的每个人都可以获取学习资源。根据So far可知为现在完成时,主语为model,助动词用has。
3.考查定语从句。句意:迄今为止,这一模式已催生了众多知名大学,但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战,因为互联网连接的每个人都可以获取学习资源。空格后“is connected to the Internet”是修饰先行词everybody的定语从句,先行词everybody指代人,从句中缺少主语,因此填入作主语的关系代词who。
2.(2024·北京·高考真题)
Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time 1 (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 2 (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 3 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear 4 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.
【答案】1.to rest 2.self-awareness 3.gives 4.boundaries
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慢下来对个人成长的重要意义。
【解析】
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“花时间做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
2.考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
3.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。
4.考查名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
3.(2024·北京·高考真题)
On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 1 (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 2 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 3 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
【答案】1.was named 2.asked 3.who
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。
【解析】
1.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词使用was。故填was named。
2.考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
3.考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
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