Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature （单元分层自测·山东中考题型卷）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制八年级上册

**基本信息** 本试卷为八年级上册英语Unit 4 "The Wonders of Nature"单元自测卷，以山东省中考试题题型设计，融合自然奇观、健康生活等真实情境，通过阅读、语言运用及写作考查语言能力与思维品质，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读|20题/40分|自然奇观（撒哈拉之眼、雨林）、健康运动、人物挑战|细节理解、主旨归纳、词义猜测，语篇真实且贴近单元主题| |语言运用|20题/20分|数词、不定式、形容词最高级等语法，中国自然文化词汇|完形填空结合西湖文化，语法填空融入珠峰攀登史，渗透文化意识| |写作|6题/30分|信息提取（乞力马扎罗山）、议论文（雨林保护）|回答问题考查信息整合，作文要求用环境词组及数据，提升思维与表达能力|

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature·山东省中考试题题型卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 本试卷满分90分。考试时长100分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。答案写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In your last email, you asked me how to deal with stress and worries. One good way that many students in my country find helpful is to use a worry box. Let me explain how to make and use one. Try Using a Worry BoxMake a special box Use colourful things and pictures to make your worry box. Here is a picture of my worry-eating monster (怪兽) box! ☞Write down your worries Take some pieces of paper and write down your worries. ☞Rate (评价) your worries and store them in the box If you like, place each worry on a scale (等级) from 1 to 10.1 means “a little worried” and 10 means “the most worried”. For example, today I put two worries into the box. I rated “losing my new bike” as a 7 and “worrying about the maths exam” as a 4. ☞Talk it out Make sure to make some time every day or week to talk about your worries with your parents. Together, you can find ways to deal with them. Remember, it’s not healthy to carry worries around in your head. The worry box provides a safe place to “share” your worries. By using it, you’ll learn to deal with your worries. Take care! Yours, Anna 1．What did Sun Meng write in her last email to Anna? ________ A．She made an invitation. B．She shared her grades. C．She asked for advice. 2．What should Sun Meng do after putting the worries in the box? ________ A．Rate them with parents. B．Discuss them with parents. C．Take them out and read them again. 3．What’s the main topic of the email? ________ A．How to deal with disagreements. B．Ways to communicate with parents. C．How to make and use a worry box. B The World Health Organization (WHO) says that 80% of the world's teens don't get enough exercise to live healthy lives. It did research(研究） on students aged 11 to 17 in 146 countries for about eight years and got the result. Doctors say 60 minutes of exercise is important for teens to build up their strength(力量）. It's also good for the heart and lungs(肺）. Also, teens won't become fat through exercise. What's more, more and more research is showing that exercise doesn't just help with the body. It can help with the mind,too-making people think better and helping students get good grades. Trevor Shilton working for the Heart Foundation in Australia says, "If this were a medicine(药）,we would all take it." However, it's not easy. Now many teens find it very difficult to stay away from smartphones,computers or televisions. In their free time, they talk with friends online, play online games and watch interesting TV programs. The WHO says that young people need to play less in the online world and play more in the real world. Health experts(专家）want schools and families to ask teens to do more exercise. Doctors also say that teens can do 20 minutes of exercise three times a day to get 60 minutes of exercise. They say it's very important for young people to do exercise, because it will be good for their lives in the future. 4. What's the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Why 60 minutes of exercise is enough. B. What kind of exercise teens should do. C.Why doing exercise is important. 5. Why do many teens NOT do enough exercise according to the passage? A. Because they are always busy with their studies. B. Because they think they are healthy enough. C. Because they spend much time doing things online. 6. What can we learn from the passage? A. The WHO got the result with the help of 146 students. B. Teens don't have to do 60 minutes of exercise in one go. C. Doctors think six hours of exercise a week is enough. 7. In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A. Nature. B. Vacation. C. Health. C The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert (沙漠) of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different coloured parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks (岩石), leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks from sand. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 8．What can we learn about the circles of the Eye from Paragraph 2? A．They are all the same size. B．The smallest circle is in the centre. C．Each circle has the same colour. 9．Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s too small to find. B．Because it’s far from cities. C．Because it’s always full of water. 10．What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Protect. 11．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To talk about dangerous sandstorms. B．To tell how to build a visitor centre. C．To describe a natural wonder and its challenges. D Rainforests (热带雨林) are some of the most amazing places on earth. They cover only about 6% of the world’s land, but are home to more than half of all living things. These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees. The rainforest has different layers. The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through. Many rainforest animals have special skills to live in their layers. For example, sloths hang from the canopy branches. Their long claws help them stay there, and their slow movement helps them save energy. Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight. On the forest floor, jaguars use their spots to hide in the shadows while hunting. Rainforests are important for the whole world. They take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气), which helps keep the air clean. They also help control the world’s weather. But rainforests are in danger. Every year, large areas are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This destroys the homes of many animals and plants, and may even change the world’s climate. 12．What does the word “dense” mean in the first paragraph? A．Dry. B．Thick with plants. C．Cold. 13．Why do toucans have big beaks? A．To hang from branches. B．To hide from predators. C．To reach fruit on thin branches. 14．Put the layers of the rainforest from top to bottom. ①understory    ②emergent layer ③forest floor    ④canopy A．②→④→①→③ B．④→②→①→③ C．②→①→④→③ 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How animals live in the rainforest. B．The layers of the rainforest. C．Why rainforests are amazing and important. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Nirmal Purja has set several world records after climbing the world’s 14 highest mountains in less than seven months. 16 Though he was born 1,600 meters above sea level, he didn’t climb any serious mountains until he was 29. But Mr Purja was trained to be strong. He used to be a soldier in the British army, where he had special training for fighting in very cold weather. In 2018, he left there to follow his dream of mountain climbing. There are only 14 mountains in the world that are higher than 8,000 meters. 17 The old record for climbing the 14 mountains was seven years, ten months and six days. It was set by ROK climber Kim Chang-ho in 2013. Mr Purja named his challenge “Project Possible”. 18 On October 29, just a little more than six months after he started, Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain. Though Mr Purja completed his challenge unbelievably quickly, it wasn’t easy. For example, during one day of climbing Shishapangma, Mr Purja and his team climbed for 15 hours nonstop. 19 Mr Purja believes his strong physical condition and his training as a soldier helped him. ____20____“People are only limited (限制) by their imagination,” he says. “If you don’t dream, then you won’t do it.” 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 China is a great country with over 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest which attract 21 tourists from all over the world every year. Some of them are fantastic lakes, beautiful mountains and long rivers. Many mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Emei and Mount Hua, are very famous. People go to Mount Tai 22 the sunrise. 23 the rivers, the Yangtze River is the longest one and the 24 one is the Yellow River. They are the birthplaces of Chinese culture. Have you heard of 25 love story about Xu Xian and the White Snake? It is said that the story happened on the West Lake. The West Lake is one of the 26 places that I have ever visited. It is 27 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many tourist attractions there are worth visiting, such as Su Causeway, the Broken Bridge and Leifeng Pagoda. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose 28 in it. The West Lake has become 29 its special scenery as well as some beautiful poems. These poems were written by Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo. Besides, the surrounding area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea. Have you ever been to the West Lake? If not, look 30 a chance to go to the wonderful place! 21A．millions of B．million of C．three millions 22．A．saw B．to see C．seeing 23．A．Between B．Among C．In 24．A．two B．twice C．second 25．A．a B．an C．the 26．A．fantastic B．most fantastic C．more fantastic 27．A．located B．locate C．location 28．A．their B．them C．themselves 29．A．famous for B．famous as C．know as 30．A．at B．for C．up 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Reaching New Heights To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the 31 (great) wonders of the world. On the highest place on Earth, you will feel like you are able 32 (touch) the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the 33 (north) side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was 34 (determine) to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. Liu allowed his teammates 35 (step) on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for 36 first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all 37 (climb) from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its 38 (high)—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 39 (success), but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human 40 (curious) and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, it is simply “because it’s there”! 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题，并将答案写到答题卡的相应位置。 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, which is 8,848.86 metres high. It’s called “the Roof of the World”. But Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It is one of the most beautiful places on the earth which is 5,895 metres above sea level, so it is often called “the Roof of Africa”. Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro It is one of the world’s highest “walkable” mountains. People can climb the mountain all year round, but many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two “dry” seasons, January to March and June to October. If they want to reach the top of it, they can climb in the rainy season too, but the weather condition may not be good and it may be difficult to achieve. The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. Through hard work, they successfully reached the top of the mountain on 6th October, 1889. The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro Even though it is hot there, the top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow the whole year. There are many famous stories of the snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro. It formed about 11,000 years ago, but a research said that it might disappear. One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming. The high temperature is making the ice on Mount Kilimanjaro melt. The beautiful snow cap of Kilimanjaro is disappearing quickly. 41．How high is Mount Kilimanjaro? 42．Who were the first people to reach the top of Mount Kilimanjaro? 43．How long has the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro formed? 44．What might cause the disappearance of the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro according to the passage? 45．When is the best time for many people to climb Mount Kilimanjaro? 第二节（满分 20 分） 46. 近年来，亚马孙雨林面积不断减少，生态环境遭到破坏。请结合数据，分析雨林破坏的主要原因（如砍伐树木、农业扩张等）及其对地球的影响（如气候变化、物种灭绝）。最后提出2-3条可行的保护措施。 要求：1. 使用至少2个环境问题词组 2. 引用1-2个数据增强说服力 3. 结尾用呼吁句强调保护雨林的重要性。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature·山东省中考试题题型卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 本试卷满分90分。考试时长100分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。答案写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In your last email, you asked me how to deal with stress and worries. One good way that many students in my country find helpful is to use a worry box. Let me explain how to make and use one. Try Using a Worry BoxMake a special box Use colourful things and pictures to make your worry box. Here is a picture of my worry-eating monster (怪兽) box! ☞Write down your worries Take some pieces of paper and write down your worries. ☞Rate (评价) your worries and store them in the box If you like, place each worry on a scale (等级) from 1 to 10.1 means “a little worried” and 10 means “the most worried”. For example, today I put two worries into the box. I rated “losing my new bike” as a 7 and “worrying about the maths exam” as a 4. ☞Talk it out Make sure to make some time every day or week to talk about your worries with your parents. Together, you can find ways to deal with them. Remember, it’s not healthy to carry worries around in your head. The worry box provides a safe place to “share” your worries. By using it, you’ll learn to deal with your worries. Take care! Yours, Anna 1．What did Sun Meng write in her last email to Anna? ________ A．She made an invitation. B．She shared her grades. C．She asked for advice. 2．What should Sun Meng do after putting the worries in the box? ________ A．Rate them with parents. B．Discuss them with parents. C．Take them out and read them again. 3．What’s the main topic of the email? ________ A．How to deal with disagreements. B．Ways to communicate with parents. C．How to make and use a worry box. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一种应对压力和烦恼的方法——“烦恼盒”，包括其制作、使用步骤及作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“In your last email, you asked me how to deal with stress and worries”可知，孙萌在邮件中向Anna寻求应对压力和烦恼的建议。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Make sure to make some time every day or week to talk about your worries with your parents”可知，把烦恼放进盒子后，应该和父母讨论这些烦恼。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。邮件围绕“如何制作和使用烦恼盒”展开，介绍了这一应对烦恼的方法。故选C。 B The World Health Organization (WHO) says that 80% of the world's teens don't get enough exercise to live healthy lives. It did research(研究） on students aged 11 to 17 in 146 countries for about eight years and got the result. Doctors say 60 minutes of exercise is important for teens to build up their strength(力量）. It's also good for the heart and lungs(肺）. Also, teens won't become fat through exercise. What's more, more and more research is showing that exercise doesn't just help with the body. It can help with the mind,too-making people think better and helping students get good grades. Trevor Shilton working for the Heart Foundation in Australia says, "If this were a medicine(药）,we would all take it." However, it's not easy. Now many teens find it very difficult to stay away from smartphones,computers or televisions. In their free time, they talk with friends online, play online games and watch interesting TV programs. The WHO says that young people need to play less in the online world and play more in the real world. Health experts(专家）want schools and families to ask teens to do more exercise. Doctors also say that teens can do 20 minutes of exercise three times a day to get 60 minutes of exercise. They say it's very important for young people to do exercise, because it will be good for their lives in the future. 4. What's the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Why 60 minutes of exercise is enough. B. What kind of exercise teens should do. C.Why doing exercise is important. 5. Why do many teens NOT do enough exercise according to the passage? A. Because they are always busy with their studies. B. Because they think they are healthy enough. C. Because they spend much time doing things online. 6. What can we learn from the passage? A. The WHO got the result with the help of 146 students. B. Teens don't have to do 60 minutes of exercise in one go. C. Doctors think six hours of exercise a week is enough. 7. In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A. Nature. B. Vacation. C. Health. 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 4. 根据第二段内容可知，锻炼很重要，可以增强力量，对心肺也有好处，通过锻炼，青少年不会变胖，另外锻炼还对思维有好处。由此可知本段介绍的是锻炼的重要性。 5. 根据第四段内容可知，青少年在电子设备及网络上投入的时间过多，从而导致没有时间进行足够的锻炼。 6. 根据最后一段中的“Doctors also say that teens can do 20minutes of exercise three times a day to get 60 minutes of exercise.”可知，每天1小时的锻炼不一定要一次性完成，可分成三次。 7.短文介绍了锻炼的重要性，并提倡青少年多锻炼，因此该文章可能出现在报纸的健康版块，故选C。 C The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert (沙漠) of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different coloured parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks (岩石), leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks from sand. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 8．What can we learn about the circles of the Eye from Paragraph 2? A．They are all the same size. B．The smallest circle is in the centre. C．Each circle has the same colour. 9．Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s too small to find. B．Because it’s far from cities. C．Because it’s always full of water. 10．What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Protect. 11．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To talk about dangerous sandstorms. B．To tell how to build a visitor centre. C．To describe a natural wonder and its challenges. 【答案】8．B 9．B 10．C 11．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉之眼这一地球上令人惊叹的自然奇观，包括其外观、形成原因、面临的困境以及人们为保护它所采取的措施等。 8．细节理解题。根据“From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside.”可知，从上面看，大约有10个圆圈，最大的圆圈在外面，里面是较小的圆圈，也就是最小的圆圈在中心。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据“Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities.”可知，很多人不能轻易参观撒哈拉之眼是因为它远离城市。故选B。 10．词句猜测题。根据“The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities.”可知，撒哈拉之眼面临沙尘等威胁，岩石难以看清，所以科学家研究它是为了找到保护岩石免受沙子侵害的方法，由此可推测“conserve”意思是“保护”。故选D。 11．主旨大意题。文章先介绍了撒哈拉之眼这一自然奇观的样子、形成原因，接着提到它面临的困境，最后说人们为保护它所采取的措施，所以文章主要目的是描述一个自然奇观及其面临的挑战。故选D。 D Rainforests (热带雨林) are some of the most amazing places on earth. They cover only about 6% of the world’s land, but are home to more than half of all living things. These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees. The rainforest has different layers. The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through. Many rainforest animals have special skills to live in their layers. For example, sloths hang from the canopy branches. Their long claws help them stay there, and their slow movement helps them save energy. Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight. On the forest floor, jaguars use their spots to hide in the shadows while hunting. Rainforests are important for the whole world. They take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气), which helps keep the air clean. They also help control the world’s weather. But rainforests are in danger. Every year, large areas are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This destroys the homes of many animals and plants, and may even change the world’s climate. 12．What does the word “dense” mean in the first paragraph? A．Dry. B．Thick with plants. C．Cold. 13．Why do toucans have big beaks? A．To hang from branches. B．To hide from predators. C．To reach fruit on thin branches. 14．Put the layers of the rainforest from top to bottom. ①understory    ②emergent layer ③forest floor    ④canopy A．②→④→①→③ B．④→②→①→③ C．②→①→④→③ 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How animals live in the rainforest. B．The layers of the rainforest. C．Why rainforests are amazing and important. 【答案】12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了热带雨林是地球上最令人惊叹的地方之一，虽仅占世界陆地面积约6%，却拥有超过一半的生物。文章描述了热带雨林的不同层次结构，以及许多雨林动物为适应各层次环境而具备的特殊技能，还阐述了热带雨林对全球的重要性及其面临的危险。 12．词句猜测题。根据“These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees.”可知，这些森林里从微小的昆虫到大型动物，从小植物到高大的树木，应有尽有，说明森林里植物很多很茂密，所以“dense”意思是“长满植物的，茂密的”。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight.”可知，巨嘴鸟长有大喙，是为了够到那些无法承受它们重量的细树枝上的果实。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据“The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through.”可知，热带雨林从上到下依次是：emergent layer（顶层）、canopy（树冠层）、understory（林下层）、forest floor（林底层），即②→④→①→③。故选A。 15．主旨大意题。文章先介绍热带雨林是地球上令人惊叹且生物众多的地方，接着描述其不同层次结构，然后讲述许多雨林动物为适应各层次环境具备的特殊技能，最后阐述热带雨林对全球的重要性及其面临的危险，所以文章主旨是为什么热带雨林令人惊叹且重要。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Nirmal Purja has set several world records after climbing the world’s 14 highest mountains in less than seven months. 16 Though he was born 1,600 meters above sea level, he didn’t climb any serious mountains until he was 29. But Mr Purja was trained to be strong. He used to be a soldier in the British army, where he had special training for fighting in very cold weather. In 2018, he left there to follow his dream of mountain climbing. There are only 14 mountains in the world that are higher than 8,000 meters. 17 The old record for climbing the 14 mountains was seven years, ten months and six days. It was set by ROK climber Kim Chang-ho in 2013. Mr Purja named his challenge “Project Possible”. 18 On October 29, just a little more than six months after he started, Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain. Though Mr Purja completed his challenge unbelievably quickly, it wasn’t easy. For example, during one day of climbing Shishapangma, Mr Purja and his team climbed for 15 hours nonstop. 19 Mr Purja believes his strong physical condition and his training as a soldier helped him. ____20____“People are only limited (限制) by their imagination,” he says. “If you don’t dream, then you won’t do it.” A．He had completed five more climbs in Pakistan. B．Mr Purja was born in Nepal, in the Himalayas. C．His goal was to climb all of them in less than seven months. D．He began on April 23, by climbing Annapurna in Nepal. E．They had to deal with winds as fast as 75 kilometers per hour. F.He hopes his efforts will inspire others. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．D 19．E 20.F 【导语】本文是一篇人物介绍类说明文，围绕尼泊尔登山家尼玛尔·普贾的登山壮举展开，介绍了他的背景、挑战目标、打破纪录的过程，以及他面对的困难和传递的精神。 1．根据“Though he was born 1,600 meters above sea level, he didn’t climb any serious mountains until he was 29.”可知，这里是在介绍他的出生地。选项B“普尔贾先生出生于尼泊尔的喜马拉雅山区。”能承接上文，说明他出生在高海拔地区的背景。故选B。 2．根据“There are only 14 mountains in the world that are higher than 8,000 meters.”以及“The old record for climbing the 14 mountains was seven years, ten months and six days.”可知，这里是在说明他的目标。选项C“他的目标是在不到七个月的时间里攀登完所有这些山峰。”能承接上文，引出他挑战纪录的内容。故选C。 3．根据“Mr Purja named his challenge ‘Project Possible’.”以及“On October 29, just a little more than six months after he started, Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain.”可知，这里是在说明他开始挑战的时间和地点。选项D“他于4月23日从攀登尼泊尔的安纳普尔纳峰开始。”能承接上文，补充他挑战的起始信息。故选D。 4．根据“For example, during one day of climbing Shishapangma, Mr Purja and his team climbed for 15 hours nonstop.”可知，这里是在补充他们遇到的具体困难。选项E“他们不得不应对时速高达75公里的强风。”能承接上文，进一步说明攀登的艰难。故选E。 20.线索分析：空格位于文章最后一段。前文提到他认为身体条件和士兵训练帮助了他。空格后引用了他的话："People are only limited by their imagination... If you don’t dream, then you won’t do it."（人只受限于想象力……如果不梦想，就不会去做）。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 China is a great country with over 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest which attract 21 tourists from all over the world every year. Some of them are fantastic lakes, beautiful mountains and long rivers. Many mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Emei and Mount Hua, are very famous. People go to Mount Tai 22 the sunrise. 23 the rivers, the Yangtze River is the longest one and the 24 one is the Yellow River. They are the birthplaces of Chinese culture. Have you heard of 25 love story about Xu Xian and the White Snake? It is said that the story happened on the West Lake. The West Lake is one of the 26 places that I have ever visited. It is 27 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many tourist attractions there are worth visiting, such as Su Causeway, the Broken Bridge and Leifeng Pagoda. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose 28 in it. The West Lake has become 29 its special scenery as well as some beautiful poems. These poems were written by Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo. Besides, the surrounding area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea. Have you ever been to the West Lake? If not, look 30 a chance to go to the wonderful place! 21A．millions of B．million of C．three millions 22．A．saw B．to see C．seeing 23．A．Between B．Among C．In 24．A．two B．twice C．second 25．A．a B．an C．the 26．A．fantastic B．most fantastic C．more fantastic 27．A．located B．locate C．location 28．A．their B．them C．themselves 29．A．famous for B．famous as C．know as 30．A．at B．for C．up 【答案】 21．A 226．B 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国的名胜古迹，包括名山大川、长江黄河，以及西湖的相关传说与特色，展现了中国的历史文化与自然之美。 21．句意：有许多名胜古迹，每年吸引来自世界各地的数百万游客。 表示不确定的大数时，用millions of“数百万的”；million of为错误表达，three millions为错误表达，million前有具体数字时不加s。 22．句意：人们去泰山看日出。 此处表示去泰山的目的是看日出，应用动词不定式to see作目的状语，saw是过去式，seeing是动名词，均不符合语法。 23．句意：在众多河流中，长江是最长的，黄河是第二长的。 Among用于三者及以上的“在……之中”，河流数量多于两条，符合语境；Between用于两者之间，In表示“在……里面”，均不符合。 24．句意：在众多河流中，长江是最长的，黄河是第二长的。 表示“第几”用序数词，second意为“第二”，符合“第二长河”的语境；two是基数词，twice是倍数词，均不符合。 25．句意：你听说过许仙和白蛇的爱情故事吗？ 此处特指许仙和白蛇的爱情故事，用定冠词the；a/an表示泛指，不符合语境。 26．句意：西湖是我去过的最棒的地方之一。 “one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，most fantastic 是fantastic的最高级，符合结构；fantastic是原级，more fantastic是比较级，均不符合。 27．句意：它位于浙江省杭州市。 be located in是固定短语，意为“位于……”，此处用过去分词located作表语；locate是动词原形，location是名词，均不符合。 28．句意：景色如此迷人，游客常常沉浸其中。 lose oneself in是固定搭配，意为“沉醉于……”，主语是visitors，对应反身代词themselves；their是形容词性物主代词，them是宾格，均不符合。 29．句意：西湖以其独特的风景以及一些优美的诗歌而闻名。 famous for意为“因……而闻名”，后接出名的原因，“独特的风景和诗句” 是西湖闻名的原因，符合语境；famous as意为“作为……而闻名”，后接身份/职业，know as形式错误，均不符合。 30．句意：如果没有，那就找个机会去这个美妙的地方吧！ look for是固定短语，意为“寻找”；look at意为“看”，look up意为“查阅”，均不符合语境。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Reaching New Heights To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the 31 (great) wonders of the world. On the highest place on Earth, you will feel like you are able 32 (touch) the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the 33 (north) side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was 34 (determine) to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. Liu allowed his teammates 35 (step) on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for 36 first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all 37 (climb) from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its 38 (high)—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 39 (success), but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human 40 (curious) and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, it is simply “because it’s there”! 【答案】 31．greatest 32．to touch 33．northern 34．determined 35．to step 36．the 37．climbers 38．height 39．successfully 10．curiosity 【导语】本文通过讲述中国登山队攀登珠穆朗玛峰的经历，展现了人类挑战极限的勇气与探索精神，强调了坚持与好奇心在突破困境中的重要作用。 31．句意：对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”，此处需用great的最高级形式greatest。 32．句意：在地球的最高处，你会觉得自己能够触摸到天空。“be able to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“能够做某事”，故此处用动词不定式to touch。 33．句意：1960年之前，没有人能从北侧登上珠穆朗玛峰。此处修饰名词side，需用形容词northern，表示“北侧的”。 34．句意：登山者甚至称那条路为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心攀登。“be determined to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“决心做某事”。 35．句意：1960年5月24日，登山者刘连满、王富洲、屈银华和贡布到达第二台阶。它海拔8600米。刘让队友们踩在他的肩膀上。“allow sb. to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”，故此处用动词不定式to step。 36．句意：1960年5月25日凌晨4点20分，中国国旗首次在世界最高峰上空飘扬。“for the first time”为固定搭配，表示“首次”。 37．句意：直到2007年，几乎所有从北侧攀登的人都使用这个“中国梯”更快地登上顶峰。此处作主语，表示“攀登者”，需用名词climbers。 38．句意：2020年，第三支队伍返回珠穆朗玛峰测量其高度——8848.86米。此处作动词measure的宾语，表示“高度”，需用名词height。 39．句意：一些登山者成功登顶，但也有许多人失败。此处修饰动词reach，需用副词successfully，表示“成功地”。 40．句意：这是因为人类的好奇心和野心无法被阻止。此处作主语，表示“好奇心”，需用名词curiosity。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题，并将答案写到答题卡的相应位置。 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, which is 8,848.86 metres high. It’s called “the Roof of the World”. But Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It is one of the most beautiful places on the earth which is 5,895 metres above sea level, so it is often called “the Roof of Africa”. Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro It is one of the world’s highest “walkable” mountains. People can climb the mountain all year round, but many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two “dry” seasons, January to March and June to October. If they want to reach the top of it, they can climb in the rainy season too, but the weather condition may not be good and it may be difficult to achieve. The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. Through hard work, they successfully reached the top of the mountain on 6th October, 1889. The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro Even though it is hot there, the top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow the whole year. There are many famous stories of the snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro. It formed about 11,000 years ago, but a research said that it might disappear. One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming. The high temperature is making the ice on Mount Kilimanjaro melt. The beautiful snow cap of Kilimanjaro is disappearing quickly. 41．How high is Mount Kilimanjaro? 42．Who were the first people to reach the top of Mount Kilimanjaro? 43．How long has the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro formed? 44．What might cause the disappearance of the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro according to the passage? 45．When is the best time for many people to climb Mount Kilimanjaro? 【答案】41．5,895 metres above sea level. 42．Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. 43．For about 11,000 years. 44．Global warming. 45．The best time for many people is during the two “dry” seasons: from January to March and from June to October. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山，涵盖其海拔高度、登山适宜时间、首次登顶记录、山顶雪冠的形成时长及可能消失的原因等内容。 41．根据文章第一段“which is 5,895 metres above sea level”可知，乞力马扎罗山的海拔为5895米。故填5,895 metres above sea level. 42．根据“The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro”部分的“It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller”可知，首次登顶乞力马扎罗山的是Hans Meyer和Ludwig Purtscheller。故填Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. 43．根据“The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro”部分的“It formed about 11,000 years ago”可知，乞力马扎罗山的雪冠已形成约11000年。故填For about 11,000 years. 44．根据文章中“One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming”可知，导致乞力马扎罗山雪冠可能消失的原因是全球变暖。故填Global warming. 45．根据“Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro”部分的“many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two ‘dry’ seasons, January to March and June to October”可知，很多人选择的最佳登山时间是该山的两个旱季（1月到3月、6月到10月）。故填The best time for many people is during the two “dry” seasons: from January to March and from June to October. 第二节（满分 20 分） 46. 近年来，亚马孙雨林面积不断减少，生态环境遭到破坏。请结合数据，分析雨林破坏的主要原因（如砍伐树木、农业扩张等）及其对地球的影响（如气候变化、物种灭绝）。最后提出2-3条可行的保护措施。 要求：1. 使用至少2个环境问题词组 2. 引用1-2个数据增强说服力 3. 结尾用呼吁句强调保护雨林的重要性。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： The Shrinking Amazon Rainforest: A Global Crisis The Amazon Rainforest, often called the “Earth’s lungs”, is disappearing at an alarming rate. Every year, over 10,000 square kilometers of forest are lost due to deforestation. People cut down trees to make space for farming, destroying the ecosystem and endangering countless species. The loss of the rainforest has serious consequences. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, so fewer trees mean more climate change. Additionally, animals like jaguars and macaws lose their homes, pushing them closer to extinction. To save the Amazon, we must take action. Governments should create stricter laws against illegal logging, and individuals can help by reducing paper use and supporting sustainable products. Remember: If the Amazon dies, our planet’s health will suffer too. 【总体分析】①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：材料所给内容需完整表达，不得遗漏，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【写作步骤】第一步：开篇点题，介绍亚马逊雨林的重要性及消失的严峻现状。 第二步：用简单句并列说明雨林消失的原因（砍伐、农业），并包含“climate change”，“species extinction”两个核心内容。 第三步：提出“植树”；“减少用纸”；“加强法律”三条措施，以呼吁结尾，升华主题。 【亮点词汇】①climate change气候变化 ②at an alarming rate以惊人的速度 ③take action采取行动 【高分句型】①Every year, over 10,000 square kilometers of forest are lost due to deforestation.（运用数字增强说服力） ②Remember: If the Amazon dies, our planet’s health will suffer too.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 3 Growing Up·山东省中考试题题型卷 本试卷满分90分。考试时长100分钟。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 1．C 2．B 3．C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8．B 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．D 19．E 20.F 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分20分） 21．A 226．B 23．B 24．C 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．greatest 32．to touch 33．northern 34．determined 35．to step 36．the 37．climbers 38．height 39．successfully 10．curiosity 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分） 41．5,895 metres above sea level. 42．Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. 43．For about 11,000 years. 44．Global warming. 45．The best time for many people is during the two “dry” seasons: from January to March and from June to October. 【答案】范文： The Shrinking Amazon Rainforest: A Global Crisis The Amazon Rainforest, often called the “Earth’s lungs”, is disappearing at an alarming rate. Every year, over 10,000 square kilometers of forest are lost due to deforestation. People cut down trees to make space for farming, destroying the ecosystem and endangering countless species. The loss of the rainforest has serious consequences. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, so fewer trees mean more climate change. Additionally, animals like jaguars and macaws lose their homes, pushing them closer to extinction. To save the Amazon, we must take action. Governments should create stricter laws against illegal logging, and individuals can help by reducing paper use and supporting sustainable products. Remember: If the Amazon dies, our planet’s health will suffer too. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature·山东省中考试题题型卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 本试卷满分90分。考试时长100分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。答案写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A In your last email, you asked me how to deal with stress and worries. One good way that many students in my country find helpful is to use a worry box. Let me explain how to make and use one. Try Using a Worry BoxMake a special box Use colourful things and pictures to make your worry box. Here is a picture of my worry-eating monster (怪兽) box! ☞Write down your worries Take some pieces of paper and write down your worries. ☞Rate (评价) your worries and store them in the box If you like, place each worry on a scale (等级) from 1 to 10.1 means “a little worried” and 10 means “the most worried”. For example, today I put two worries into the box. I rated “losing my new bike” as a 7 and “worrying about the maths exam” as a 4. ☞Talk it out Make sure to make some time every day or week to talk about your worries with your parents. Together, you can find ways to deal with them. Remember, it’s not healthy to carry worries around in your head. The worry box provides a safe place to “share” your worries. By using it, you’ll learn to deal with your worries. Take care! Yours, Anna 1．What did Sun Meng write in her last email to Anna? ________ A．She made an invitation. B．She shared her grades. C．She asked for advice. 2．What should Sun Meng do after putting the worries in the box? ________ A．Rate them with parents. B．Discuss them with parents. C．Take them out and read them again. 3．What’s the main topic of the email? ________ A．How to deal with disagreements. B．Ways to communicate with parents. C．How to make and use a worry box. B The World Health Organization (WHO) says that 80% of the world's teens don't get enough exercise to live healthy lives. It did research(研究） on students aged 11 to 17 in 146 countries for about eight years and got the result. Doctors say 60 minutes of exercise is important for teens to build up their strength(力量）. It's also good for the heart and lungs(肺）. Also, teens won't become fat through exercise. What's more, more and more research is showing that exercise doesn't just help with the body. It can help with the mind,too-making people think better and helping students get good grades. Trevor Shilton working for the Heart Foundation in Australia says, "If this were a medicine(药）,we would all take it." However, it's not easy. Now many teens find it very difficult to stay away from smartphones,computers or televisions. In their free time, they talk with friends online, play online games and watch interesting TV programs. The WHO says that young people need to play less in the online world and play more in the real world. Health experts(专家）want schools and families to ask teens to do more exercise. Doctors also say that teens can do 20 minutes of exercise three times a day to get 60 minutes of exercise. They say it's very important for young people to do exercise, because it will be good for their lives in the future. 4. What's the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Why 60 minutes of exercise is enough. B. What kind of exercise teens should do. C.Why doing exercise is important. 5. Why do many teens NOT do enough exercise according to the passage? A. Because they are always busy with their studies. B. Because they think they are healthy enough. C. Because they spend much time doing things online. 6. What can we learn from the passage? A. The WHO got the result with the help of 146 students. B. Teens don't have to do 60 minutes of exercise in one go. C. Doctors think six hours of exercise a week is enough. 7. In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A. Nature. B. Vacation. C. Health. C The Eye of the Sahara is one of Earth’s most amazing natural wonders. It’s a special place in the desert (沙漠) of Mauritania, Africa. Looking from the sky, it looks like a huge, bright eye! It is as long as 500 football fields. The Eye looks like a big round pizza with different coloured parts. How was it made? Millions of years ago, the ground under the sand started to rise up. Then, wind and rain slowly wore away the soft rocks (岩石), leaving the hard ones behind. Over time, these hard rocks formed the beautiful circles we see today. From above, you can count about 10 round circles, each one has a different colour. The biggest circle is on the outside, with smaller ones inside. But the Eye of the Sahara is in trouble. The desert is very dry, and sandstorms often blow over it. The sand can make the rocks difficult to see. Also, not many people know about this amazing place because it’s far from big cities. What can we do to help? Scientists are studying the Eye to find ways to conserve the rocks from sand. Some people also suggest building a small road or a simple visitor centre nearby. This way, more kids and tourists can come and see the Eye of the Sahara. 8．What can we learn about the circles of the Eye from Paragraph 2? A．They are all the same size. B．The smallest circle is in the centre. C．Each circle has the same colour. 9．Why can’t many people visit the Eye of the Sahara easily? A．Because it’s too small to find. B．Because it’s far from cities. C．Because it’s always full of water. 10．What does the underlined word “conserve” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Climb. B．Hike. C．Protect. 11．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To talk about dangerous sandstorms. B．To tell how to build a visitor centre. C．To describe a natural wonder and its challenges. D Rainforests (热带雨林) are some of the most amazing places on earth. They cover only about 6% of the world’s land, but are home to more than half of all living things. These dense forests are full of life, from tiny insects to large animals, and from small plants to tall trees. The rainforest has different layers. The top layer is called the emergent layer, where the tallest trees reach up to 70 metres. Below that is the canopy, a thick layer of leaves and branches that stops most sunlight from reaching the layers below. Next is the understory, with smaller trees and bushes. The bottom layer is the forest floor, where only a little sunlight gets through. Many rainforest animals have special skills to live in their layers. For example, sloths hang from the canopy branches. Their long claws help them stay there, and their slow movement helps them save energy. Toucans have big beaks to reach fruit on thin branches that can’t hold their weight. On the forest floor, jaguars use their spots to hide in the shadows while hunting. Rainforests are important for the whole world. They take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give out oxygen (氧气), which helps keep the air clean. They also help control the world’s weather. But rainforests are in danger. Every year, large areas are cut down for wood or to make space for farms. This destroys the homes of many animals and plants, and may even change the world’s climate. 12．What does the word “dense” mean in the first paragraph? A．Dry. B．Thick with plants. C．Cold. 13．Why do toucans have big beaks? A．To hang from branches. B．To hide from predators. C．To reach fruit on thin branches. 14．Put the layers of the rainforest from top to bottom. ①understory    ②emergent layer ③forest floor    ④canopy A．②→④→①→③ B．④→②→①→③ C．②→①→④→③ 15．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How animals live in the rainforest. B．The layers of the rainforest. C．Why rainforests are amazing and important. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） Nirmal Purja has set several world records after climbing the world’s 14 highest mountains in less than seven months. 16 Though he was born 1,600 meters above sea level, he didn’t climb any serious mountains until he was 29. But Mr Purja was trained to be strong. He used to be a soldier in the British army, where he had special training for fighting in very cold weather. In 2018, he left there to follow his dream of mountain climbing. There are only 14 mountains in the world that are higher than 8,000 meters. 17 The old record for climbing the 14 mountains was seven years, ten months and six days. It was set by ROK climber Kim Chang-ho in 2013. Mr Purja named his challenge “Project Possible”. 18 On October 29, just a little more than six months after he started, Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain. Though Mr Purja completed his challenge unbelievably quickly, it wasn’t easy. For example, during one day of climbing Shishapangma, Mr Purja and his team climbed for 15 hours nonstop. 19 Mr Purja believes his strong physical condition and his training as a soldier helped him. ____20____“People are only limited (限制) by their imagination,” he says. “If you don’t dream, then you won’t do it.” 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分20分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 China is a great country with over 5,000 years of history. There are many places of interest which attract 21 tourists from all over the world every year. Some of them are fantastic lakes, beautiful mountains and long rivers. Many mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Emei and Mount Hua, are very famous. People go to Mount Tai 22 the sunrise. 23 the rivers, the Yangtze River is the longest one and the 24 one is the Yellow River. They are the birthplaces of Chinese culture. Have you heard of 25 love story about Xu Xian and the White Snake? It is said that the story happened on the West Lake. The West Lake is one of the 26 places that I have ever visited. It is 27 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many tourist attractions there are worth visiting, such as Su Causeway, the Broken Bridge and Leifeng Pagoda. The scenery is so attractive that visitors often lose 28 in it. The West Lake has become 29 its special scenery as well as some beautiful poems. These poems were written by Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo. Besides, the surrounding area of the West Lake is the home of the famous Dragon Well Tea. Have you ever been to the West Lake? If not, look 30 a chance to go to the wonderful place! 21A．millions of B．million of C．three millions 22．A．saw B．to see C．seeing 23．A．Between B．Among C．In 24．A．two B．twice C．second 25．A．a B．an C．the 26．A．fantastic B．most fantastic C．more fantastic 27．A．located B．locate C．location 28．A．their B．them C．themselves 29．A．famous for B．famous as C．know as 30．A．at B．for C．up 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Reaching New Heights To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the 31 (great) wonders of the world. On the highest place on Earth, you will feel like you are able 32 (touch) the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the 33 (north) side. Mountain climbers even called that way the “Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was 34 (determine) to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. Liu allowed his teammates 35 (step) on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain for 36 first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all 37 (climb) from the northern side used this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its 38 (high)—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top 39 (success), but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human 40 (curious) and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, it is simply “because it’s there”! 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题，并将答案写到答题卡的相应位置。 Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world, which is 8,848.86 metres high. It’s called “the Roof of the World”. But Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa. It is one of the most beautiful places on the earth which is 5,895 metres above sea level, so it is often called “the Roof of Africa”. Climb lovers’ dream place—Mount Kilimanjaro It is one of the world’s highest “walkable” mountains. People can climb the mountain all year round, but many people will choose to climb during the mountain’s two “dry” seasons, January to March and June to October. If they want to reach the top of it, they can climb in the rainy season too, but the weather condition may not be good and it may be difficult to achieve. The first recorded climb of Mount Kilimanjaro It’s believed that the first people known to have reached the top of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. Through hard work, they successfully reached the top of the mountain on 6th October, 1889. The beautiful snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro Even though it is hot there, the top of the mountain is covered with ice and snow the whole year. There are many famous stories of the snow cap of Mount Kilimanjaro. It formed about 11,000 years ago, but a research said that it might disappear. One of the reasons for its possible disappearance is global warming. The high temperature is making the ice on Mount Kilimanjaro melt. The beautiful snow cap of Kilimanjaro is disappearing quickly. 41．How high is Mount Kilimanjaro? 42．Who were the first people to reach the top of Mount Kilimanjaro? 43．How long has the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro formed? 44．What might cause the disappearance of the snow cap on Mount Kilimanjaro according to the passage? 45．When is the best time for many people to climb Mount Kilimanjaro? 第二节（满分 20 分） 46. 近年来，亚马孙雨林面积不断减少，生态环境遭到破坏。请结合数据，分析雨林破坏的主要原因（如砍伐树木、农业扩张等）及其对地球的影响（如气候变化、物种灭绝）。最后提出2-3条可行的保护措施。 要求：1. 使用至少2个环境问题词组 2. 引用1-2个数据增强说服力 3. 结尾用呼吁句强调保护雨林的重要性。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $