Unit 2 Inspiring People（知识清单）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语Unit 2 "Inspiring People"知识清单系统整合了主题词汇、短语、语法及写作内容，涵盖分类词汇（名、动、形、副词）、实用交际句型、定语从句及人物介绍类写作，搭建从基础语言要素到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类标注（如名词分可数/不可数）、语法易错点解析（如who/that定语从句主宾用法）及写作避错清单（如though与but不同时使用）构建知识体系，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设"词形变形对比"（如inspiring/inspired）和"高分句型模板"，辅助不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Inspiring People 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、名词： 可数名词 [C] ___________/hɪˈstɔːriən/n.[C] 历史学家 _________________________________ 译文：这位历史学家写了很多书。 ___________ /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n.[C] 研究人员，研究员 _________________________________ 译文：这位研究员在实验室工作。 ___________ /ˈkemɪst/n.[C] 化学家 _________________________________ 译文：居里夫人是著名的化学家。 ___________ /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/n.[C] 物理学家 _________________________________ 译文：这位物理学家获得了大奖。 ___________ /dɪˈskʌvəri/n.[C] 发现 _________________________________ 译文：这是一项重要的科学发现。 ___________ /ˈsentʃəri/n.[C] 世纪，百年 _________________________________ 译文：20 世纪发生了巨大的变化。 ___________ /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/n.[C] 先驱，先锋 _________________________________ 译文：她是女子教育领域的先驱。 ___________ /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n.[C] 成就，功绩 _________________________________ 译文：他在农业方面取得了伟大成就。 不可数名词 [U] ___________ /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n.[U] 灵感；鼓舞人心的力量 _________________________________ 译文：她从日常生活中汲取灵感。 ___________/ˈkemɪstri/n.[U] 化学 _________________________________ 译文：我喜欢学化学。 ___________/ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/n.[U] 饥饿 _________________________________ 译文：我们应该帮助遭受饥饿的人们。 ___________ /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n.[U] 勇气，胆量 _________________________________ 译文：面对错误你需要勇气。 ___________ /ˈwɪzdəm/n.[U] 智慧 _________________________________ 译文：老年人往往拥有很多智慧。 既可数 [C] 也不可数 [U] ___________ /dɪˈziːz/n.[C/U] 疾病 _________________________________ 译文：这种疾病很危险。 二、动词： ___________ /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感 _________________________________ 译文：这个故事激励我努力奋斗。 ___________ /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；仰慕；欣赏 _________________________________ 译文：我们钦佩他的勇气。 ___________ /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现；发觉 _________________________________ 译文：科学家发现了一种新植物。 ___________ /spred/v.（过去式 / 过去分词 spread）传播；散布 _________________________________ 译文：好消息迅速传播开来。 ___________ /breɪv/v. 勇敢面对；冒（风险） _________________________________ 译文：她勇敢面对各种各样的困难。 3、 形容词 adj. ___________ /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励人的 _________________________________ 译文：那是一场鼓舞人心的演讲。 ___________/ɪnˈspaɪəd/adj. 受鼓舞的，有灵感的（修饰人） _________________________________ 译文：听完讲座后他备受鼓舞。 ___________ /breɪv/adj. 勇敢的，无畏的 _________________________________ 译文：他是一位勇敢的年轻人。 ___________ /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的，必需的 _________________________________ 译文：水对所有生物都是必不可少的。 ___________ /ˈædmərəbl/adj. 令人钦佩的 _________________________________ 译文：她勤奋的精神令人钦佩。 ___________/waɪz/adj. 明智的，聪明的 _________________________________ 译文：这是一个明智的决定。 四、副词 adv. ___________/ˈbreɪvli/adv. 勇敢地 _________________________________ 译文：她勇敢地与困难作斗争。 ___________ /ˈwaɪzli/adv. 明智地 _________________________________ 译文：你应当明智地利用你的时间。 短 语 look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕某人 例句：We all look up to hardworking heroes. 译文：我们都仰慕勤奋的英雄。 drop out of… 从…… 辍学；退出…… 例句：He didn’t want to drop out of school. 译文：他不想辍学。 give up 放弃 例句：Never give up when you meet difficulties. 译文：遇到困难时永远不要放弃。 suffer from 遭受；受…… 之苦（疾病、苦难） 例句：Many people suffered from hunger at that time. 译文：那时很多人饱受饥饿之苦。 devote … to … 把…… 奉献于……；致力于 （to 是介词，后接名词 /doing） 例句：She devoted her life to medical research. 译文：她把一生奉献给医学研究。 make great achievements 取得巨大成就 例句：Yuan Longping made great achievements in farming. 译文：袁隆平在农业领域取得了巨大成就。 come true （梦想）实现（主语是梦想，无被动） 例句：His dream finally came true. 译文：他的梦想终于实现了。 be known for 因…… 而闻名 例句：Marie Curie is known for her scientific discoveries. 译文：居里夫人因其科学发现而闻名。 be famous as 作为…… 而出名 例句：He is famous as a great pioneer. 译文：他作为一名伟大的先驱而出名。 take risks 冒险 例句：Sometimes scientists have to take risks. 译文：有时候科学家不得不冒险。 fight against 与…… 作斗争；对抗 例句：They fought against the terrible disease. 译文：他们与这种可怕的疾病作斗争。 in the 20th century 在 20 世纪 例句：Lots of new inventions appeared in the 20th century. 译文：20 世纪出现了许多新发明。 in one’s life 在某人一生中 例句：He experienced many hard times in his life. 译文：他一生经历了许多艰难时刻。 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 例句：The story inspires us to face challenges bravely. 译文：这个故事激励我们勇敢面对挑战。 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 例句：I admire her for her courage. 译文：我钦佩她的勇气。 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1、 询问人物： Who is the person you admire most? 你最敬佩的人是谁？ 回答：The person I admire most is … 我最敬佩的人是…… Why do you look up to him /her? 你为什么仰慕他 / 她？ 回答：Because he /she has great courage and never gives up. 因为他 / 她拥有巨大勇气，从不放弃。 What makes him so inspiring? 是什么让他如此鼓舞人心？ 回答：His hard‑working spirit makes him inspiring. 他刻苦的精神使他鼓舞人心。 What great achievements has he made? 他取得了哪些伟大成就？ 回答：He made great achievements in science. 他在科学领域取得了巨大成就。 What can we learn from inspiring people? 我们可以从励志人物身上学到什么？ 回答：We can learn to face difficulties bravely. 我们可以学会勇敢面对困难。 二、口语短句： I really admire him for his courage. 我真的很敬佩他的勇气。 I look up to her very much. She is my hero. 我非常仰慕她，她是我的偶像。 He is such an inspiring person. 他真是一个鼓舞人心的人。 Her spirit is really admirable. 她的精神令人十分钦佩。 I’m deeply moved by his stories. 我被他的故事深深打动。 三、阅读拔高金句： He inspires me to work harder. 他激励我更加努力。 He encourages me not to give up when I am in trouble. 他鼓励我身处困境时不要放弃。 From him, I learn that nothing is impossible if we keep trying. 从他身上我学到：只要坚持努力，一切皆有可能。 It’s necessary for us to learn from those great people. 向伟人学习对我们来说很有必要。 语法 定语从句（that /who 引导） 写作 人物介绍类作文（介绍一位鼓舞人心的人物） 一、知识点精讲 1. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；鼓舞 ✅固定搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 The great man inspires us to work hard. 这位伟人激励我们努力奋斗。 词形变形（高频考点） inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物） an inspiring story inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的（修饰人） feel inspired inspiration n. [C/U] 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 物 辨析： This is an inspiring speech. 这是一场鼓舞人心的演讲。 We felt inspired after listening. 听完之后我们备受鼓舞。 2. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；仰慕 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 I admire her for her courage. 我因她的勇气而敬佩她。 词转：admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 3. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现 discover 指发现本来就存在的事物 词转：discovery n.[C] 发现；复数：discoveries（变 y 为 i 加‑es） It was a great discovery. 这是一项重大发现。 4. spread /spred/v. 传播；扩散 不规则变化：spread — spread — spread 不是 spreaded The news spread all over the country. 消息传遍全国。 5. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/v. 取得；实现 词转：achievement n.[C] 成就 短语：make great achievements 取得巨大成就 6. 不可数名词（考试易错，不能加 s） courage 勇气；wisdom 智慧；hunger 饥饿；chemistry 化学 ❌many courages ✅much courage 人物类名词 historian 历史学家；researcher 研究员；chemist 化学家；physicist 物理学家；pioneer 先驱 look up to sb. 仰慕，钦佩某人（=admire sb.） Many young people look up to these scientists. 许多年轻人仰慕这些科学家。 drop out of … 从…… 辍学 / 退出 He dropped out of school because of poor family. 因为家境贫寒，他辍学了。 devote … to … 把…… 奉献给…… to 是介词！后面接名词 /doing，不接动词原形 devote one’s life to doing sth. 毕生致力于做某事 She devoted her life to medical research. 她把一生奉献给医学研究。 give up (doing sth.) 放弃（做某事） Never give up when you face difficulties. 面对困难永远不要放弃。 suffer from 遭受（疾病、饥饿、苦难） At that time lots of people suffered from hunger. 那时候很多人饱受饥饿。 fight against 对抗；与…… 作斗争 They fought against the serious disease. 他们与这种重病作斗争。 be known as / be known for 辨析 be known as + 身份：作为…… 而出名 He is known as a pioneer. 他作为一名先驱而出名。 be known for + 成就 / 品质：因…… 而出名 He is known for his great discoveries. 他因重大发现而出名。 come true （梦想）实现 主语只能是梦想、理想；无被动语态 His dream came true at last. 他的梦想最终实现。 It takes + 名词 + to do sth. 做某事需要…… It takes great courage to face difficulties bravely. 勇敢面对困难需要巨大的勇气。 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… It is necessary for us to learn from inspiring people. 向励志人物学习对我们很有必要。 Though 引导让步状语从句：虽然…… 但是…… though 和 but 不能同时出现在一个句子里，二者选其一 ✅Though he met many problems, he never gave up. ❌Though he met many problems, but he never gave up. What makes sb. + adj.? 是什么使某人……？ What makes him so inspiring? 是什么让他如此鼓舞人心？ 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句（that /who 引导），九年级上册核心语法，考试高频。 1. who 引导定语从句（先行词是人） 先行词：被修饰的名词，必须是人，用关系代词 who，在从句中作主语或宾语。 结构：人 + who + 从句（描述这个人的情况） 例句 1：Many teenagers look up to people who have made great achievements. 许多青少年仰慕那些取得伟大成就的人。 先行词 people（人），who 在从句中作主语，不能省略。 例句 2：The woman who we admire is a great chemist. 我们敬佩的这位女士是一位伟大的化学家。 who 作宾语，可以换成 whom，口语中 who 也可省略。 2. that 引导定语从句（先行词是人 / 物都可以） 先行词是人：that = who 例句：He is the pioneer that changed people’s lives. 他就是那位改变人们生活的先驱。 ✅先行词是事物：用 that 例句：This is the discovery that changed the world. 这就是那项改变世界的发现。 对比记忆 先行词人：who /that 均可 先行词物：只用 that /which（本单元主要掌握 that） 3. 易考易错点（考试挖坑点） who/that 在从句作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时可以省略 The girl who helps me is my classmate.（who 作主语，不可删） The girl (who) I know is a researcher.（who 作宾语，可以删掉） 主谓一致：从句的谓语动词看 who 所指代的先行词 例：I like people who are hard‑working. 我喜欢勤奋的人。（先行词 people 复数 → are） 区分：定语从句 vs 简单句 错：We admire the people, who they made great achievements. （从句内部不要再重复主语 they） 对：We admire the people who made great achievements. 4. 本单元同步出现的重要句型（不是定语从句，但单元高频） It takes + 时间 / 勇气… + to do sth. 做某事需要…… It takes great courage to face difficulties. 面对困难需要巨大的勇气。 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事…… It is necessary for us to learn from inspiring people. 向励志人物学习对我们很有必要。 Though 引导让步状语从句，though 和 but 不能同时用 对：Though he met many problems, he never gave up. 错：Though he met many problems, but he never gave up. devote … to doing sth. 致力于做某事（to 是介词，后接 doing） She devoted her life to doing medical research. 三、单元写作清单 作文题目：The Person I Admire Most（我最敬佩的人） 一、审题清单（动笔前看） 文体：人物介绍类记叙文 写作内容必须包含： 人物是谁、身份 遇到的困难 / 挫折 主要成就、事迹 人物优秀品质 你的感受、向他学习什么 时态： 讲述过去经历、事迹 → 一般过去时 评价人物、自己的感悟 → 一般现在时 词数：80‑110 词（考试标准） 人称：介绍人物用第三人称；谈自己感悟用第一人称 I 二、可用素材（品质 & 事迹短语，直接选用） 品质词汇 courage n. 勇气；wisdom n. 智慧；brave adj. 勇敢的；inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；hard‑working adj. 勤奋的；admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 事迹短语 devote one’s life to… 毕生致力于…… make great achievements 取得巨大成就 suffer from hunger /difficulties 遭受饥饿 / 困境 meet lots of difficulties 遇到许多困难 never give up 永不放弃 fight against disease 与疾病作斗争 三、高分句型清单（背诵，写作直接套用） 开头（点题） The person I admire most is ________. 我最敬佩的人是…… Among all the great people, I look up to … best. 在所有伟人当中，我最仰慕…… 中间（介绍身份、经历） He/She was a great scientist /pioneer. 他 / 她是一位伟大的科学家 / 先驱。 Though he/she met many difficulties, he/she never gave up. 虽然他 / 她遇到许多困难，但从未放弃。 He/She devoted his/her life to doing … 他 / 她把一生奉献于做…… He/She made great achievements in … 他 / 她在…… 方面取得了巨大成就。 评价人物 He/She has great courage and wisdom. 他 / 她拥有巨大的勇气和智慧。 He/She is such an inspiring person. 他 / 她是一个如此鼓舞人心的人。 结尾（我的感悟，得分重点） He/She inspires me to keep trying and work hard. 他 / 她激励我不断尝试、努力奋斗。 I should learn from him/her. Nothing is impossible if I never give up. 我应该向他 / 她学习。只要永不放弃，一切皆有可能。 四、写作提纲 Paragraph1 开头：点明人物 The person I admire most is… He/She is a great… Paragraph2 主体：经历 + 成就（重点段） He/She was born in… Though he/she met many difficulties, he never gave up. He devoted… He made great achievements… Paragraph3 评价品质 He/She has great… His/Her spirit is very inspiring. Paragraph4 结尾：我的收获感悟 He/She inspires me to… I will learn from him/her. 五、写完必查避错清单 though 和 but 没有同时使用 devote … to 后面是 doing，不是 to do come true 没有用被动（不写 be come true） 时态不乱：过去事迹用过去时，感悟用现在时 courage /wisdom/hunger 不可数，没有加 s 定语从句没有多加多余代词（不用 who they…） 单词拼写：discoveries（复数）、spread 变形正确 词数达到要求，有结尾感悟，不缺要点 六、参考范文（92 词，考场标准版） The Person I Admire Most The person I admire most is Yuan Longping. He is a great scientist. He devoted his whole life to rice research. At that time, many people suffered from hunger. Though he met lots of difficulties, he never gave up. He made great achievements and helped lots of people around the world. He has great courage and wisdom. He is really an inspiring person. He inspires me to keep working hard. I hope I can learn a lot from him. 易错点01 词汇易错 【错因辨析】 inspiring 与 inspired inspiring：修饰事物，鼓舞人心的 → an inspiring story inspired：修饰人，受到鼓舞的 → feel inspired 不可数名词（不能加‑s） courage 勇气、wisdom 智慧、hunger 饥饿、chemistry 化学 ❌ many courages ✅ much courage 不规则动词 spread 过去式、过去分词：spread‑spread‑spread ❌ spreaded 名词复数变形 discovery（发现）→ discoveries（y 变 i+es） ❌ discoverys devote 固定搭配陷阱 devote…to… 中 to 是介词，后接名词 /doing，不接动词原形 ❌ devote his life to do research ✅ devote his life to doing research admire 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 ❌ admire sb. of sth. 易错点02短语易混易错 【错因辨析】 come true（梦想实现） 主语是 dream，无被动语态 ❌ My dream was come true. ✅ My dream came true. be known as VS be known for be known as + 身份：作为…… 而出名 be known for + 成就 / 品质：因…… 而出名 drop out of school 辍学 ❌ drop out school（of 不能丢） give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 ❌ give up to do sth. look up to sb. 仰慕某人 ❌ look up sb.（to 不能省略） 易错点03 语法易错【who /that 定语从句，单元重点】） 【错因辨析】 who/that 作从句主语 → 不可省略 ✅ The scientist who made discoveries is famous. who/that 作从句宾语 → 可以省略 ✅ The hero (who) we admire is great. ❌从句内部重复人称代词 ❌ people who they made achievements ✅ people who made achievements 从句谓语单复数跟随先行词 I like people who are hard‑working. 一、单项选择 1．Mozi believed that states should avoid ________ one another. A．attack B．to attack C．attacking D．to attacking 2．— What do you think of Yuan Longping? — I really ________ him for his great contributions to the world. A． spread B．admire B． C．drop D．discover 3．Marie Curie is regarded as a ________ in the field of science, especially for her work on radioactivity. A．soldier B．historian C．disease D．pioneer 4．I enjoy studying ________ because I like doing experiments and watching different substances react. A．chemistry B．chemist C．chemical D．chemists 5．The Warring States ________ was a time of great change in Chinese history. A．Kingdom B．Period C．Kindness D．Mankind 二、阅读理解 Lin Qiaozhi (1901-1983) was one of the most famous doctors in modern Chinese history. She spent her whole life helping women and children, and she became a pioneer in the field of gynecology (妇科) and obstetrics (产科). Lin Qiaozhi was born in Fujian Province in 1901. When she was young, she faced many difficulties because most medical schools did not accept female students at that time. However, she never gave up. She studied hard and became the first female graduate of Peking Union Medical College. During her career, Lin Qiaozhi delivered (接生) more than 50,000 babies. She treated every patient with kindness and care, whether they were rich or poor. She often worked day and night and was always ready to help others. Above all, she believed that doctors should serve the people with all their heart. In 1941, when the war broke out, the medical college was closed. Lin Qiaozhi opened her own clinic (诊所) and continued to provide medical care to those in need. She charged very little money or even nothing for poor patients. Lin Qiaozhi’s contributions to medicine were recognized all over the world. She wrote many important medical papers and trained many young doctors. Her kindness and dedication inspired a whole generation of medical workers. Even today, she is remembered as a hero in the field of medicine. 6．When was Lin Qiaozhi born? A．In 1901. B．In 1911. C．In 1921. D．In 1931. 7．What difficulty did Lin Qiaozhi face when she was young? A．She was too poor to go to school. B．Most medical schools did not accept female students. C．She did not have enough medical knowledge. D．Her parents did not support her. 8．How many babies did Lin Qiaozhi deliver in her lifetime? A．More than 5,000. B．More than 15,000. C．More than 50,000. D．More than 500,000. 9．What did Lin Qiaozhi do when the medical college closed in 1941? A．She retired and stopped working. B．She left China and went abroad. C．She opened her own clinic. D．She became a teacher in a different school. 10．What can we learn from Lin Qiaozhi’s story? A．Women should not become doctors. B．We should only help rich people. C．Kindness, dedication, and never giving up make a great person. D．Fame is the most important thing in life. 三、单词拼写 11．The great ________ (发明家) made a new machine for flight. 12．Guglielmo Marconi invented the first practical ________ (无线电，收音机) many years ago. 13．Heroes always ________ (激励) us to move forward. 14．Many animals here suffer from ________ (饥饿) and cold in winter. 15．This ________ (科学的) report talks about space exploration. 四、完成句子 16．让我们志存高远，并每天迈出一小步来实现我们的目标。 Let’s ________________ and take small steps every day to reach our goals. 17．据说这座城市有一千多年的历史。 ________________ that this city has a history of over 1,000 years. 18．无论你做什么，你都不应该放弃。 Whatever you do, you should never ________________. 19．生活就像一场漫长的旅程。它充满了机遇和挑战。 Life is like a long journey. It is ________________ chances and challenges. 20．事实上，每一个小小的举动都可能起到很大的作用。 Every small action, ________________, can be of great help. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring People 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、名词： 可数名词 [C] historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/n.[C] 历史学家 例句：The historian wrote many books. 译文：这位历史学家写了很多书。 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n.[C] 研究人员，研究员 例句：The researcher works in the lab. 译文：这位研究员在实验室工作。 chemist /ˈkemɪst/n.[C] 化学家 例句：Marie Curie was a famous chemist. 译文：居里夫人是著名的化学家。 physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/n.[C] 物理学家 例句：The physicist won a big prize. 译文：这位物理学家获得了大奖。 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n.[C] 发现 例句：It was an important scientific discovery. 译文：这是一项重要的科学发现。 century /ˈsentʃəri/n.[C] 世纪，百年 例句：Great changes took place in the 20th century. 译文：20 世纪发生了巨大的变化。 pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/n.[C] 先驱，先锋 例句：She is a pioneer in women’s education. 译文：她是女子教育领域的先驱。 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/n.[C] 成就，功绩 例句：He made great achievements in agriculture. 译文：他在农业方面取得了伟大成就。 不可数名词 [U] inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n.[U] 灵感；鼓舞人心的力量 例句：She draws inspiration from daily life. 译文：她从日常生活中汲取灵感。 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/n.[U] 化学 例句：I like learning chemistry. 译文：我喜欢学化学。 hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/n.[U] 饥饿 例句：We should help people who suffer from hunger. 译文：我们应该帮助遭受饥饿的人们。 courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n.[U] 勇气，胆量 例句：You need courage to face your mistakes. 译文：面对错误你需要勇气。 wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/n.[U] 智慧 例句：Old people often have much wisdom. 译文：老年人往往拥有很多智慧。 既可数 [C] 也不可数 [U] disease /dɪˈziːz/n.[C/U] 疾病 例句：This disease is dangerous. 译文：这种疾病很危险。 二、动词： inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 例句：The story inspires me to work hard. 译文：这个故事激励我努力奋斗。 admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；仰慕；欣赏 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 例句：We admire him for his courage. 译文：我们钦佩他的勇气。 discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现；发觉 例句：Scientists discovered a new kind of plant. 译文：科学家发现了一种新植物。 spread /spred/v.（过去式 / 过去分词 spread）传播；散布 例句：The good news spread fast. 译文：好消息迅速传播开来。 brave /breɪv/v. 勇敢面对；冒（风险） 例句：She braved all kinds of difficulties. 译文：她勇敢面对各种各样的困难。 3、 形容词 adj. inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励人的 例句：That is an inspiring speech. 译文：那是一场鼓舞人心的演讲。 inspired /ɪnˈspaɪəd/adj. 受鼓舞的，有灵感的（修饰人） 例句：He felt inspired after listening to the talk. 译文：听完讲座后他备受鼓舞。 brave /breɪv/adj. 勇敢的，无畏的 例句：He is a brave young man. 译文：他是一位勇敢的年轻人。 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的，必需的 例句：Water is necessary for all living things. 译文：水对所有生物都是必不可少的。 admirable /ˈædmərəbl/adj. 令人钦佩的 例句：Her hard‑working spirit is admirable. 译文：她勤奋的精神令人钦佩。 wise /waɪz/adj. 明智的，聪明的 例句：It is a wise decision. 译文：这是一个明智的决定。 四、副词 adv. bravely /ˈbreɪvli/adv. 勇敢地 例句：She bravely fought against difficulties. 译文：她勇敢地与困难作斗争。 wisely /ˈwaɪzli/adv. 明智地 例句：You should use your time wisely. 译文：你应当明智地利用你的时间。 短 语 look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕某人 例句：We all look up to hardworking heroes. 译文：我们都仰慕勤奋的英雄。 drop out of… 从…… 辍学；退出…… 例句：He didn’t want to drop out of school. 译文：他不想辍学。 give up 放弃 例句：Never give up when you meet difficulties. 译文：遇到困难时永远不要放弃。 suffer from 遭受；受…… 之苦（疾病、苦难） 例句：Many people suffered from hunger at that time. 译文：那时很多人饱受饥饿之苦。 devote … to … 把…… 奉献于……；致力于 （to 是介词，后接名词 /doing） 例句：She devoted her life to medical research. 译文：她把一生奉献给医学研究。 make great achievements 取得巨大成就 例句：Yuan Longping made great achievements in farming. 译文：袁隆平在农业领域取得了巨大成就。 come true （梦想）实现（主语是梦想，无被动） 例句：His dream finally came true. 译文：他的梦想终于实现了。 be known for 因…… 而闻名 例句：Marie Curie is known for her scientific discoveries. 译文：居里夫人因其科学发现而闻名。 be famous as 作为…… 而出名 例句：He is famous as a great pioneer. 译文：他作为一名伟大的先驱而出名。 take risks 冒险 例句：Sometimes scientists have to take risks. 译文：有时候科学家不得不冒险。 fight against 与…… 作斗争；对抗 例句：They fought against the terrible disease. 译文：他们与这种可怕的疾病作斗争。 in the 20th century 在 20 世纪 例句：Lots of new inventions appeared in the 20th century. 译文：20 世纪出现了许多新发明。 in one’s life 在某人一生中 例句：He experienced many hard times in his life. 译文：他一生经历了许多艰难时刻。 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 例句：The story inspires us to face challenges bravely. 译文：这个故事激励我们勇敢面对挑战。 admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 例句：I admire her for her courage. 译文：我钦佩她的勇气。 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1、 询问人物： Who is the person you admire most? 你最敬佩的人是谁？ 回答：The person I admire most is … 我最敬佩的人是…… Why do you look up to him /her? 你为什么仰慕他 / 她？ 回答：Because he /she has great courage and never gives up. 因为他 / 她拥有巨大勇气，从不放弃。 What makes him so inspiring? 是什么让他如此鼓舞人心？ 回答：His hard‑working spirit makes him inspiring. 他刻苦的精神使他鼓舞人心。 What great achievements has he made? 他取得了哪些伟大成就？ 回答：He made great achievements in science. 他在科学领域取得了巨大成就。 What can we learn from inspiring people? 我们可以从励志人物身上学到什么？ 回答：We can learn to face difficulties bravely. 我们可以学会勇敢面对困难。 二、口语短句： I really admire him for his courage. 我真的很敬佩他的勇气。 I look up to her very much. She is my hero. 我非常仰慕她，她是我的偶像。 He is such an inspiring person. 他真是一个鼓舞人心的人。 Her spirit is really admirable. 她的精神令人十分钦佩。 I’m deeply moved by his stories. 我被他的故事深深打动。 三、阅读拔高金句： He inspires me to work harder. 他激励我更加努力。 He encourages me not to give up when I am in trouble. 他鼓励我身处困境时不要放弃。 From him, I learn that nothing is impossible if we keep trying. 从他身上我学到：只要坚持努力，一切皆有可能。 It’s necessary for us to learn from those great people. 向伟人学习对我们来说很有必要。 语法 定语从句（that /who 引导） 写作 人物介绍类作文（介绍一位鼓舞人心的人物） 一、知识点精讲 1. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/v. 激励；鼓舞 ✅固定搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 The great man inspires us to work hard. 这位伟人激励我们努力奋斗。 词形变形（高频考点） inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物） an inspiring story inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的（修饰人） feel inspired inspiration n. [C/U] 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 物 辨析： This is an inspiring speech. 这是一场鼓舞人心的演讲。 We felt inspired after listening. 听完之后我们备受鼓舞。 2. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；仰慕 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 I admire her for her courage. 我因她的勇气而敬佩她。 词转：admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 3. discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现 discover 指发现本来就存在的事物 词转：discovery n.[C] 发现；复数：discoveries（变 y 为 i 加‑es） It was a great discovery. 这是一项重大发现。 4. spread /spred/v. 传播；扩散 不规则变化：spread — spread — spread 不是 spreaded The news spread all over the country. 消息传遍全国。 5. achieve /əˈtʃiːv/v. 取得；实现 词转：achievement n.[C] 成就 短语：make great achievements 取得巨大成就 6. 不可数名词（考试易错，不能加 s） courage 勇气；wisdom 智慧；hunger 饥饿；chemistry 化学 ❌many courages ✅much courage 人物类名词 historian 历史学家；researcher 研究员；chemist 化学家；physicist 物理学家；pioneer 先驱 look up to sb. 仰慕，钦佩某人（=admire sb.） Many young people look up to these scientists. 许多年轻人仰慕这些科学家。 drop out of … 从…… 辍学 / 退出 He dropped out of school because of poor family. 因为家境贫寒，他辍学了。 devote … to … 把…… 奉献给…… to 是介词！后面接名词 /doing，不接动词原形 devote one’s life to doing sth. 毕生致力于做某事 She devoted her life to medical research. 她把一生奉献给医学研究。 give up (doing sth.) 放弃（做某事） Never give up when you face difficulties. 面对困难永远不要放弃。 suffer from 遭受（疾病、饥饿、苦难） At that time lots of people suffered from hunger. 那时候很多人饱受饥饿。 fight against 对抗；与…… 作斗争 They fought against the serious disease. 他们与这种重病作斗争。 be known as / be known for 辨析 be known as + 身份：作为…… 而出名 He is known as a pioneer. 他作为一名先驱而出名。 be known for + 成就 / 品质：因…… 而出名 He is known for his great discoveries. 他因重大发现而出名。 come true （梦想）实现 主语只能是梦想、理想；无被动语态 His dream came true at last. 他的梦想最终实现。 It takes + 名词 + to do sth. 做某事需要…… It takes great courage to face difficulties bravely. 勇敢面对困难需要巨大的勇气。 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是…… It is necessary for us to learn from inspiring people. 向励志人物学习对我们很有必要。 Though 引导让步状语从句：虽然…… 但是…… though 和 but 不能同时出现在一个句子里，二者选其一 ✅Though he met many problems, he never gave up. ❌Though he met many problems, but he never gave up. What makes sb. + adj.? 是什么使某人……？ What makes him so inspiring? 是什么让他如此鼓舞人心？ 二、核心语法精讲 定语从句（that /who 引导），九年级上册核心语法，考试高频。 1. who 引导定语从句（先行词是人） 先行词：被修饰的名词，必须是人，用关系代词 who，在从句中作主语或宾语。 结构：人 + who + 从句（描述这个人的情况） 例句 1：Many teenagers look up to people who have made great achievements. 许多青少年仰慕那些取得伟大成就的人。 先行词 people（人），who 在从句中作主语，不能省略。 例句 2：The woman who we admire is a great chemist. 我们敬佩的这位女士是一位伟大的化学家。 who 作宾语，可以换成 whom，口语中 who 也可省略。 2. that 引导定语从句（先行词是人 / 物都可以） 先行词是人：that = who 例句：He is the pioneer that changed people’s lives. 他就是那位改变人们生活的先驱。 ✅先行词是事物：用 that 例句：This is the discovery that changed the world. 这就是那项改变世界的发现。 对比记忆 先行词人：who /that 均可 先行词物：只用 that /which（本单元主要掌握 that） 3. 易考易错点（考试挖坑点） who/that 在从句作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时可以省略 The girl who helps me is my classmate.（who 作主语，不可删） The girl (who) I know is a researcher.（who 作宾语，可以删掉） 主谓一致：从句的谓语动词看 who 所指代的先行词 例：I like people who are hard‑working. 我喜欢勤奋的人。（先行词 people 复数 → are） 区分：定语从句 vs 简单句 错：We admire the people, who they made great achievements. （从句内部不要再重复主语 they） 对：We admire the people who made great achievements. 4. 本单元同步出现的重要句型（不是定语从句，但单元高频） It takes + 时间 / 勇气… + to do sth. 做某事需要…… It takes great courage to face difficulties. 面对困难需要巨大的勇气。 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事…… It is necessary for us to learn from inspiring people. 向励志人物学习对我们很有必要。 Though 引导让步状语从句，though 和 but 不能同时用 对：Though he met many problems, he never gave up. 错：Though he met many problems, but he never gave up. devote … to doing sth. 致力于做某事（to 是介词，后接 doing） She devoted her life to doing medical research. 三、单元写作清单 作文题目：The Person I Admire Most（我最敬佩的人） 一、审题清单（动笔前看） 文体：人物介绍类记叙文 写作内容必须包含： 人物是谁、身份 遇到的困难 / 挫折 主要成就、事迹 人物优秀品质 你的感受、向他学习什么 时态： 讲述过去经历、事迹 → 一般过去时 评价人物、自己的感悟 → 一般现在时 词数：80‑110 词（考试标准） 人称：介绍人物用第三人称；谈自己感悟用第一人称 I 二、可用素材（品质 & 事迹短语，直接选用） 品质词汇 courage n. 勇气；wisdom n. 智慧；brave adj. 勇敢的；inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；hard‑working adj. 勤奋的；admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 事迹短语 devote one’s life to… 毕生致力于…… make great achievements 取得巨大成就 suffer from hunger /difficulties 遭受饥饿 / 困境 meet lots of difficulties 遇到许多困难 never give up 永不放弃 fight against disease 与疾病作斗争 三、高分句型清单（背诵，写作直接套用） 开头（点题） The person I admire most is ________. 我最敬佩的人是…… Among all the great people, I look up to … best. 在所有伟人当中，我最仰慕…… 中间（介绍身份、经历） He/She was a great scientist /pioneer. 他 / 她是一位伟大的科学家 / 先驱。 Though he/she met many difficulties, he/she never gave up. 虽然他 / 她遇到许多困难，但从未放弃。 He/She devoted his/her life to doing … 他 / 她把一生奉献于做…… He/She made great achievements in … 他 / 她在…… 方面取得了巨大成就。 评价人物 He/She has great courage and wisdom. 他 / 她拥有巨大的勇气和智慧。 He/She is such an inspiring person. 他 / 她是一个如此鼓舞人心的人。 结尾（我的感悟，得分重点） He/She inspires me to keep trying and work hard. 他 / 她激励我不断尝试、努力奋斗。 I should learn from him/her. Nothing is impossible if I never give up. 我应该向他 / 她学习。只要永不放弃，一切皆有可能。 四、写作提纲 Paragraph1 开头：点明人物 The person I admire most is… He/She is a great… Paragraph2 主体：经历 + 成就（重点段） He/She was born in… Though he/she met many difficulties, he never gave up. He devoted… He made great achievements… Paragraph3 评价品质 He/She has great… His/Her spirit is very inspiring. Paragraph4 结尾：我的收获感悟 He/She inspires me to… I will learn from him/her. 五、写完必查避错清单 though 和 but 没有同时使用 devote … to 后面是 doing，不是 to do come true 没有用被动（不写 be come true） 时态不乱：过去事迹用过去时，感悟用现在时 courage /wisdom/hunger 不可数，没有加 s 定语从句没有多加多余代词（不用 who they…） 单词拼写：discoveries（复数）、spread 变形正确 词数达到要求，有结尾感悟，不缺要点 六、参考范文（92 词，考场标准版） The Person I Admire Most The person I admire most is Yuan Longping. He is a great scientist. He devoted his whole life to rice research. At that time, many people suffered from hunger. Though he met lots of difficulties, he never gave up. He made great achievements and helped lots of people around the world. He has great courage and wisdom. He is really an inspiring person. He inspires me to keep working hard. I hope I can learn a lot from him. 易错点01 词汇易错 【错因辨析】 inspiring 与 inspired inspiring：修饰事物，鼓舞人心的 → an inspiring story inspired：修饰人，受到鼓舞的 → feel inspired 不可数名词（不能加‑s） courage 勇气、wisdom 智慧、hunger 饥饿、chemistry 化学 ❌ many courages ✅ much courage 不规则动词 spread 过去式、过去分词：spread‑spread‑spread ❌ spreaded 名词复数变形 discovery（发现）→ discoveries（y 变 i+es） ❌ discoverys devote 固定搭配陷阱 devote…to… 中 to 是介词，后接名词 /doing，不接动词原形 ❌ devote his life to do research ✅ devote his life to doing research admire 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 ❌ admire sb. of sth. 易错点02短语易混易错 【错因辨析】 come true（梦想实现） 主语是 dream，无被动语态 ❌ My dream was come true. ✅ My dream came true. be known as VS be known for be known as + 身份：作为…… 而出名 be known for + 成就 / 品质：因…… 而出名 drop out of school 辍学 ❌ drop out school（of 不能丢） give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 ❌ give up to do sth. look up to sb. 仰慕某人 ❌ look up sb.（to 不能省略） 易错点03 语法易错【who /that 定语从句，单元重点】） 【错因辨析】 who/that 作从句主语 → 不可省略 ✅ The scientist who made discoveries is famous. who/that 作从句宾语 → 可以省略 ✅ The hero (who) we admire is great. ❌从句内部重复人称代词 ❌ people who they made achievements ✅ people who made achievements 从句谓语单复数跟随先行词 I like people who are hard‑working. 一、单项选择 1．Mozi believed that states should avoid ________ one another. A．attack B．to attack C．attacking D．to attacking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：墨子认为各国应避免相互攻击。 固定搭配“avoid doing sth.”，意为“避免做某事”，后接动名词作宾语，attacking符合语境。 2．— What do you think of Yuan Longping? — I really ________ him for his great contributions to the world. A． spread B．admire B． C．drop D．discover 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得袁隆平怎么样？——我真的很钦佩他对世界的巨大贡献。 spread传播；admire钦佩；drop落下；discover发现。根据“for his great contributions to the world”可知，应是“钦佩”他，应填“admire”。 3．Marie Curie is regarded as a ________ in the field of science, especially for her work on radioactivity. A．soldier B．historian C．disease D．pioneer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽·居里被认为是科学领域的一位先驱，尤其是因为她在放射性方面的工作。 soldier士兵；historian历史学家；disease疾病；pioneer先驱。根据“in the field of science, especially for her work on radioactivity”可知，玛丽·居里在科学领域做出了开创性贡献，符合“先驱”的语境，应填pioneer。 4．I enjoy studying ________ because I like doing experiments and watching different substances react. A．chemistry B．chemist C．chemical D．chemists 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我喜欢学习化学，因为我喜欢做实验并观察不同物质的反应。 chemistry化学；chemist化学家；chemical化学的/化学品；chemists化学家们。根据“because I like doing experiments and watching different substances react”可知，做实验和观察物质反应是化学学科的特点，study后接学科名称。故填chemistry。 5．The Warring States ________ was a time of great change in Chinese history. A．Kingdom B．Period C．Kindness D．Mankind 【答案】B 【详解】句意：战国时期是中国历史上一个巨大变革的时期。 Kingdom王国；Period时期；Kindness仁慈；Mankind人类。根据“The Warring States”及历史常识可知，此处指“战国时期”，固定表达为The Warring States Period。应填Period。 二、阅读理解 Lin Qiaozhi (1901-1983) was one of the most famous doctors in modern Chinese history. She spent her whole life helping women and children, and she became a pioneer in the field of gynecology (妇科) and obstetrics (产科). Lin Qiaozhi was born in Fujian Province in 1901. When she was young, she faced many difficulties because most medical schools did not accept female students at that time. However, she never gave up. She studied hard and became the first female graduate of Peking Union Medical College. During her career, Lin Qiaozhi delivered (接生) more than 50,000 babies. She treated every patient with kindness and care, whether they were rich or poor. She often worked day and night and was always ready to help others. Above all, she believed that doctors should serve the people with all their heart. In 1941, when the war broke out, the medical college was closed. Lin Qiaozhi opened her own clinic (诊所) and continued to provide medical care to those in need. She charged very little money or even nothing for poor patients. Lin Qiaozhi’s contributions to medicine were recognized all over the world. She wrote many important medical papers and trained many young doctors. Her kindness and dedication inspired a whole generation of medical workers. Even today, she is remembered as a hero in the field of medicine. 6．When was Lin Qiaozhi born? A．In 1901. B．In 1911. C．In 1921. D．In 1931. 7．What difficulty did Lin Qiaozhi face when she was young? A．She was too poor to go to school. B．Most medical schools did not accept female students. C．She did not have enough medical knowledge. D．Her parents did not support her. 8．How many babies did Lin Qiaozhi deliver in her lifetime? A．More than 5,000. B．More than 15,000. C．More than 50,000. D．More than 500,000. 9．What did Lin Qiaozhi do when the medical college closed in 1941? A．She retired and stopped working. B．She left China and went abroad. C．She opened her own clinic. D．She became a teacher in a different school. 10．What can we learn from Lin Qiaozhi’s story? A．Women should not become doctors. B．We should only help rich people. C．Kindness, dedication, and never giving up make a great person. D．Fame is the most important thing in life. 【答案】6．A 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍近代名医林巧稚的生平，讲述她克服求学阻碍，一生救死扶伤、无私奉献的事迹。 【详解】6．第一段提到“Lin Qiaozhi (1901-1983)”，第二段指出“Lin Qiaozhi was born in Fujian Province in 1901.”，可知，林巧稚出生于1901年。 7．第二段表明“When she was young, she faced many difficulties because most medical schools did not accept female students at that time.”，可知，她年轻时面临的困难是当时大多数医学院不招收女学生。 8．第三段说明“During her career, Lin Qiaozhi delivered more than 50,000 babies.”，可知，她一生中接生了超过5万名婴儿。 9．第四段提到“In 1941, when the war broke out, the medical college was closed. Lin Qiaozhi opened her own clinic...”可知，当医学院关闭时，她开设了自己的诊所。 10．通读全文可知，林巧稚面对困难不放弃，善待每一位病人，全心全意为人民服务。“Kindness, dedication, and never giving up make a great person”最能概括我们从她故事中学到的精神。 三、单词拼写 11．The great ________ (发明家) made a new machine for flight. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：这位伟大的发明家发明了一种新的飞行机器。“发明家”对应的英文名词是inventor，句中定冠词The特指这一位发明家，因此用单数形式即可。 12．Guglielmo Marconi invented the first practical ________ (无线电，收音机) many years ago. 【答案】radio 【详解】句意：古列尔莫・马可尼多年前发明了首台实用的无线电。形容词“practical”后接名词，“无线电，收音机”对应名词radio，根据“the first”可知，此处用名词单数。 13．Heroes always ________ (激励) us to move forward. 【答案】inspire 【详解】句意：英雄们总是激励我们奋勇前行。主语Heroes是复数，频度副词always表明时态为一般现在时，复数主语后的谓语动词使用原形；对应“激励”含义的英文单词为inspire，因此填写inspire。 14．Many animals here suffer from ________ (饥饿) and cold in winter. 【答案】hunger 【详解】句意：这里的许多动物在冬天饱受饥饿与寒冷的折磨。空格前是介词from，空格后是“and cold（cold 是名词，表示“寒冷”）”，因此空格处需要填一个名词，与cold并列作from的宾语。中文“饥饿”对应英文hunger，为名词，符合句意。 15．This ________ (科学的) report talks about space exploration. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：这份科学报告讲述了太空探索相关内容。空格后是名词report，需要用形容词作定语修饰名词；“科学的”对应的英文单词是scientific。 四、完成句子 16．让我们志存高远，并每天迈出一小步来实现我们的目标。 Let’s ________________ and take small steps every day to reach our goals. 【答案】dream big 【详解】原句中文“志存高远”对应常用英文短语dream big，Let’s后需要使用动词原形，并列连词and连接前后并列结构，符合句式与语境。 17．据说这座城市有一千多年的历史。 ________________ that this city has a history of over 1,000 years. 【答案】It is said 【详解】原句中“据说”是关键词，对应的英文常用表达是“It is said that...”。在这个句型中，It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。由于该短语位于句首，注意首字母需大写。 18．无论你做什么，你都不应该放弃。 Whatever you do, you should never ________________. 【答案】give up 【详解】原句中“放弃”是关键词。“放弃”译为give up，是固定搭配；情态动词should后接动词原形。 19．生活就像一场漫长的旅程。它充满了机遇和挑战。 Life is like a long journey. It is ________________ chances and challenges. 【答案】full of 【详解】原句中“充满了”是关键词，对应的英文表达是be full of，句中已有系动词 is，故填full of。 20．事实上，每一个小小的举动都可能起到很大的作用。 Every small action, ________________, can be of great help. 【答案】in fact 【详解】原句中“事实上”是关键词，英语中表示“事实上、实际上”的常用固定短语是in fact。该短语在句中作插入语，位于主语（Every small action）和谓语部分（can be）之间，前后通常用逗号隔开，符合本句结构。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $