内容正文:
人教英语七下Unit5语法讲解及习题:现在进行时
第一部分 语法精讲
语法核心:现在进行时(Present Continuous Tense)
现在进行时是七年级下册核心时态,主要用于描述此时此刻正在发生的动作,或现阶段持续进行、当下未必正在做的动作,紧扣本单元“日常活动、场景见闻”话题,是单选、填空、句型转换、改错的必考重点。
一、句式结构(四大基础句型)
现在进行时统一公式:be动词(am/is/are) + 动词现在分词(v-ing),be动词随主语人称、数变化,动词必须用ing形式,二者缺一不可。
1. 肯定句
结构:主语 + am/is/are + v-ing + 其他
人称搭配:I用am;单数主语(he/she/it/单人名)用is;复数主语(we/you/they/复人名)用are
例句:She is reading a book now.(她现在正在看书)
2. 否定句
结构:主语 + am/is/are + not + v-ing + 其他
缩写:isn’t / aren’t(am无缩写)
例句:They aren’t playing basketball.(他们没在打篮球)
3. 一般疑问句
结构:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + v-ing + 其他?
作答规则:用什么be动词提问,就用什么回答,前后一致
例句:—Are you doing homework? —Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
4. 特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词(What/Where/Who) + am/is/are + 主语 + v-ing?
核心考点:对动作提问统一用What,地点提问用Where
例句:What is he doing?(他正在做什么?)
二、动词现在分词(v-ing)变形规则
所有现在进行时句子,动词必须严格变形,四大规则全覆盖:
1. 一般规则
绝大多数动词直接加-ing:look→looking、play→playing、talk→talking
2. 去e加ing
以不发音的字母e结尾,去掉e再加ing:write→writing、make→making、take→taking
3. 双写末尾辅音字母加ing(重难点)
满足重读闭音节、辅元辅结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母三大条件,双写尾字母再加ing:run→running、swim→swimming、sit→sitting、shop→shopping
4. 特殊变形
以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y再加ing:lie→lying(躺)、tie→tying(系)
三、时态标志词(快速判题依据)
看到以下词汇,优先判定为现在进行时:
1. 时间类:now(现在)、right now(此刻)、at the moment(此刻)
2. 提示类:Look!(看!)、Listen!(听!)(句首提示当下动作正在发生)
四、高频易错点汇总
1. 绝对遗漏错误:进行时必须带be动词,不能直接单用v-ing;
2. 三单误区:现在进行时无动词三单变形,统一用ing形式;
3. 双写误区:非辅元辅结尾单词,禁止随意双写尾字母;
4. 问答误区:一般疑问句回答必须匹配be动词,不可混用do/does。
第二部分 专项练习题
题型一:单项选择
1. Look! The little girl ______ flowers in the garden.
A. pick B. picks C. is picking D. are picking
2. —______ you ______ TV now? —Yes, I am.
A. Do; watch B. Are; watching C. Does; watch D. Is; watching
3. My brother ______ computer games at the moment.
A. plays B. is playing C. played D. playing
4. Listen! Someone ______ in the next classroom.
A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing
5. They ______ a picnic in the park now. They are very happy.
A. have B. has C. are having D. is having
6. —What ______ your parents ______? —They are cooking dinner.
A. do; do B. are; doing C. is; doing D. does; do
7. I ______ my homework. I can’t go out to play.
A. am doing B. do C. doing D. does
8. The boy isn’t ______ homework. He is reading a storybook.
A. do B. does C. doing D. doing
9. —Where is Lucy? —She ______ in the swimming pool.
A. swim B. swims C. is swimming D. swimming
10. We ______ a class meeting right now.
A. have B. are having C. is having D. has
题型二:动词适当形式填空
1. Look! They ________ (play) volleyball on the playground.
2. My sister ________ (not read) books now. She is drawing.
3. —What ________ you ________ (do) at the moment? —I am studying English.
4. The students ________ (have) an English class now.
5. Listen! The birds ________ (sing) in the tree.
6. He ________ (run) on the street now.
7. We ________ (clean) our classroom right now.
8. She ________ (make) dumplings with her mother.
题型三:选词填空
从 am / is / are 中选词填空,每词可重复使用。
1. I ______ watching a cartoon now.
2. My father ______ working in his office.
3. The children ______ playing games happily.
4. ______ your mother cooking in the kitchen?
5. We ______ learning new knowledge every day recently.
题型四:句型转换
1. He is playing soccer outside.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
2. They are reading books in the library.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________
3. I am doing my homework now.(对划线部分提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. She is washing clothes in the washroom at the moment.(对划线地点提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. We are having lunch now.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Is Tom swimming in the pool?(作否定回答)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. My parents are cooking dinner.(对划线动作提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
题型五:句子改错
找出句中唯一错误并改正,写出完整正确句子。
1. Look! The boy runing on the playground.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. He isn’t doing his homework now. He play basketball.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Are she reading a book in her room?
_____________________________________________________________________
第三部分 参考答案与解析
题型一:单项选择
1. C
解析:Look! 为现在进行时标志词,主语the little girl为单数,be动词用is,pick变picking。
2. B
解析:now提示现在进行时,主语you搭配be动词are,动词用watching。
3. B
解析:at the moment表此刻,主语为单数,用is playing。
4. C
解析:Listen! 提示动作正在进行,someone为单数不定代词,be动词用is。
5. C
解析:now提示进行时,主语they为复数,be动词用are,have变having。
6. B
解析:答句为正在做的动作,主语parents为复数,用are doing。
7. A
解析:根据后句语境,此刻正在写作业,主语I搭配am doing。
8. D
解析:现在进行时否定结构,be+not+doing,固定用doing。
9. C
解析:询问人物当下位置及动作,用现在进行时is swimming。
10. B
解析:right now为进行时标志,主语we为复数,be动词用are。
题型二:动词填空
1. are playing
解析:Look! 提示现在进行时,主语they为复数,be动词用are。
2. isn’t reading
解析:now提示时态,主语三单,否定式用isn’t+doing。
3. are; doing
解析:at the moment为标志词,主语you搭配are,动词用doing。
4. are having
解析:now提示进行时,students为复数,用are having。
5. are singing
解析:Listen! 提示当下动作,birds为复数,be动词用are。
6. is running
解析:now提示时态,主语三单,run双写n加ing。
7. are cleaning
解析:right now提示进行时,主语we用are,直接加ing。
8. is making
解析:主语she为三单,make去e加ing,整体为is making。
题型三:选词填空
1. am
解析:主语I固定搭配be动词am。
2. is
解析:单数主语father搭配is。
3. are
解析:复数主语children搭配are。
4. Is
解析:单数主语mother搭配is,疑问句首字母大写。
5. are
解析:主语we为复数,搭配be动词are。
题型四:句型转换
1. 答案:He isn’t playing soccer outside.
解析:现在进行时否定,直接在is后加not,动词形式不变。
2. 答案:—Are they reading books in the library? —Yes, they are.
解析:be动词提前变一般疑问句,肯定问答主谓一致。
3. 答案:What are you doing now?
解析:对具体动作提问用What,主语I改为you,be动词对应变are。
4. 答案:Where is she washing clothes?
解析:对地点提问用Where,保留原句时态和动词形式。
5. 答案:We aren’t having lunch now.
解析:复数主语进行时否定,are后加not即可。
6. 答案:No, he isn’t.
解析:Is引导的三单主语疑问句,否定回答固定搭配。
7. 答案:What are your parents doing?
解析:对动作提问用What,保持现在进行时结构不变。
题型五:句子改错
1. 改正:Look! The boy is running on the playground.
解析:原句缺少be动词,且run需双写n加ing,符合辅元辅变形规则。
2. 改正:He isn’t doing his homework now. He is playing basketball.
解析:now提示现在进行时,后句动词需改为is playing。
3. 改正:Is she reading a book in her room?
解析:单数主语she搭配be动词Is,不用Are,主谓不一致为核心错误。
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