Unit 6 语法(过去进行时详细讲解)讲解与练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦过去进行时，围绕“Unit6 When disaster strikes”主题展开。通过灾害场景例句导入，衔接已学的一般过去时，搭建“定义-结构-标志词-重难点”的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握语法知识。 资料以主题融合、对比辨析和分层练习为特色。主题例句贴近单元语境，增强语言运用场景感，对比表格清晰区分过去进行时与一般过去时，培养思维品质。配套多样化练习及易错点总结，助力学生巩固语法规则，提升自主学习能力和语言表达准确性。

Unit6When disaster strikes语法讲解与练习 过去进行时详细讲解 一、定义 过去进行时：表示过去某个特定时刻，或者过去某一段时间内，正在发生、持续进行的动作。 翻译时常带有：（当时）正在…… 核心两层场景： 1.过去某一个具体时间点，动作正在进行； 2.过去某一段持续时间内，一直在进行某个动作。 二、基本结构 肯定句:主语+ was /were +动词 - ing 主语单数 (I/he/she/it) → was doing 主语复数 (we/you/they) → were doing I was sleeping at 11 last night. 昨晚十一点我正在睡觉。 They were walking in the rain at that time. 那时他们正在雨中行走。 否定句:主语+ was/were + not +动词- ing She wasn’t reading when the storm came. 暴风雨来临的时候，她没有在看书。 一般疑问句:Was/Were +主语+动词- ing？ —Were you working at 8 yesterday? 昨天八点你正在工作吗？ —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ was/were +主语+动词- ing？ What were you doing when the earthquake happened? 地震发生时你正在做什么？ 三、动词 - ing 变化规则（同现在进行时） 1.一般直接加- ing： work → working 2.以不发音 e 结尾，去e加- ing： write → writing 3.重读闭音节，辅+元+辅结尾，双写末尾辅音再加- ing：run → running, sit → sitting 4.ie 结尾变y加- ing： lie → lying 四、常用时间标志词（考点） 1.at +具体时刻+过去时间 at 9 o’clock yesterday, at that time, at this time yesterday At this time yesterday, I was watching news about disasters. 昨天这个时候，我正在看有关灾害的新闻。 2.then（那时） 3.from 7 to 9 last night（昨晚 7 点至 9 点，一段时间持续动作） 区分：有时间段未必一定用过去进行时,强调 “那段时间持续在做” 才使用。 五、核心重难点：when & while 引导时间状语从句 1. when 和 while 基础区别 ✅ when：可以接短暂动词（一般过去时），也可以接延续动词； 从句动作可以是瞬间发生，也可持续。 ✅ while：只能接延续性动词,从句多用过去进行时； 强调两个动作同时持续进行。 句式两大经典模型 模型① 短动作打断长动作 主句（长动作：过去进行时）+ when +从句（短动作：一般过去时） 含义：当一件短暂事情突然发生时，另一件事正在进行。 I was cooking when the power went off. 停电的时候，我正在做饭。 （做饭是持续长动作；停电是瞬间发生的短动作） 模型② 两个动作同时持续进行 主句（过去进行时）+ while + 从句（过去进行时） 含义：两件事在过去同一时间段同时持续进行。 My mum was cleaning while I was reading. 我看书的时候，妈妈正在打扫。 简单记忆 看见短暂动词 (happen, arrive, start, go off) → 多用 when + 一般过去时 两件动作都持续进行 → while 两边都用过去进行时 六、过去进行时 VS 一般过去时（极易混淆对比） 时态 核心含义 侧重点 例句 过去进行时 was/were doing 过去某时刻正在做 强调动作持续、进行中 I was reading at 8 last night. 昨晚八点我正在看书。 一般过去时 did 过去完成的动作 强调事情已经结束 I read the book last night. 我昨晚读了这本书。 例句对比： 1.It rained last night. 昨晚下过雨。（只陈述事实，雨已经结束） 2.It was raining at 10 last night. 昨晚十点的时候正在下雨。（强调当时正在下雨） 七、典型易错点总结 ❌ I was watch TV at that time. ✅ I was watching TV at that time. （be动词后面必须是doing，不能用动词原形） ❌ While the storm came, I slept. ✅ When the storm came, I was sleeping. ( come是瞬间动词，不能和while连用) ❌ What did you do at 9 yesterday? ✅ What were you doing at 9 yesterday? at +具体时刻，强调当时正在进行，优先过去进行时 短暂动词（happen, begin, arrive, leave）没有进行时含义，不能用于过去进行时表达持续。 不能说：The accident was happening. 八、贴合单元主题例句 1.The wind was blowing strongly when the rain began. 下雨开始的时候，风刮得很大。 2.People were running out of the building when the earthquake happened. 地震发生时人们正跑出大楼。 3.While the flood was coming, they were moving to safe places. 洪水来袭的时候，他们正转移到安全区域。 4.I was watching the weather report at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在看天气预报。 【配套专项练习】 第一大题：动词适当形式填空 1.I ________ (have) a shower when the heavy rain started last night. 2.They ________ (talk) about the earthquake when the teacher came in. 3.—What ________ you ________ (do) at 7 o’clock yesterday morning? —I ________ (run) in the park. 4.He ________ not ________ (sleep) at that time. He was reading news. 5.While my father ________ (drive), a tree fell down on the road. 6.When the storm ________ (hit), we ________ (stay) inside the house. 7.She ________ (cook) dinner when the power ________ (go) off. 8.At that moment, many people ________ (try) to leave the building. 9.________ it ________ (rain) when you left home yesterday? 10.We ________ not ________ (wait) for the bus at this time yesterday. 11.While Tom ________ (play) outside, his sister ________ (do) homework. 12.The little boy ________ (cry) when his mum found him. 13.What ________ (happen) while they ________ (travel) in the mountain? 14.I ________ (not watch) TV when the flood news came on. 15.When the fire ________ (start), everyone ________ (sleep). 16.They ________ (move) their things to safety when the water rose. 17.________ your brother ________ (surf) the Internet when the light went out? 18.It ________ (blow) hard all night yesterday. 19.While the volunteers ________ (help) people, more rain came. 20.He ________ (walk) home when he saw a big flood. 21.At this time last Sunday, we ________ (prepare) for the coming storm. 22.The birds ________ (fly) away when the wind became stronger. 23.You ________ (not listen) so you missed the warning. 24.When I called him, he ________ (talk) with the rescue worker. 25.While we ________ (protect) ourselves, others ________ (look) for help. 第二大题：单项选择 1.I ______ my homework when the thunderstorm ______. A. did; came B. was doing; came C. did; was coming D. was doing; was coming 2.—______ you ______ at 8 p.m. yesterday? —No, I was sleeping. A. Do; work B. Did; work C. Were; working D. Are; working 3.While my mum ______, my dad ______ newspapers. A. cooked; read B. was cooking; read C. cooked; was reading D. was cooking; was reading 4.When the earthquake happened, people ______ out of the buildings. A. run B. ran C. were running D. are running 5.—What were you doing at this time yesterday? —I ______ the weather report about typhoons. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 6.He was walking along the street ______ he saw a flood ahead. A. while B. when C. since D. until 7.______ I was reading news online, my sister was playing games. A. When B. While C. As soon as D. If 8.It began to rain heavily while we ______ home. A. walked B. were walking C. walk D. are walking 9.—Why didn’t you answer my phone? —I ______ a shower then. A. took B. take C. was taking D. am taking 10.The lights went out when we ______ the disaster video. A. watched B. were watching C. watch D. are watching 11.They ______ dinner when the strong wind came. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 12.______ he ______ outside when the rain started? A. Was; play B. Did; play C. Was; playing D. Is; playing 13.I saw many trees fall down while I ______ to school. A. drove B. was driving C. drive D. am driving 14.He ______ at home at 9 last night. He went to help others. A. wasn’t staying B. didn’t stay C. isn’t staying D. doesn’t stay 15.Two actions happen at the same time and last for a while. We use ______. A. general past tense B. past continuous tense C. present continuous tense D. present perfect tense 第三大题：句子改写 1.I was reading when the storm arrived.（改为一般疑问句） ________________________________________________ 2.They were waiting for help at that time.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 3.He was sleeping at 10 last night.（对划线提问） ________ ________ he ________ at 10 last night? 4.When the fire started, she was cleaning the room.（改为同义句） She ________ ________ the room ________ the fire started. 5.We were staying indoors because it rained hard.（对划线提问） ________ ________ you staying indoors? 6.Tom was playing football. The rain came.（用 when 合并句子） ________________________________________________ 7.Were you watching the news?（给出否定回答） ________________________________________________ 8.I was cooking. My father was repairing the window.（用while改写句子） ________________________________________________ 9.The wind blew strongly. People stayed inside.（用 while 合并） ________________________________________________ 10.She was talking with the rescue worker.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 第四大题：汉译英 1.暴风雨来临的时候，我们正在屋里躲避。 ________________________________________________ 2.昨晚八点的时候，我正在看关于洪水的新闻。 ________________________________________________ 3.当他回家时，他的妹妹正在哭。 ________________________________________________ 4.我爸爸开车的时候，一棵树倒在了路上。 ________________________________________________ 5.昨天这个时候，志愿者们正在帮助受灾人群。 ________________________________________________ 6.停电的时候，妈妈正在做饭。 ________________________________________________ 7.地震发生时，人们正快速跑出大楼。 ________________________________________________ 8.当风越刮越大时，鸟儿正在飞走。 ________________________________________________ 9.我打电话给他时，他正在和救援人员交谈。 ________________________________________________ 10.他在路上行走时看见了前方的洪水。 ________________________________________________ Keys 一、词形填空 1.was having 2.were talking 3.were; doing; was running 4.was; sleeping 5.was driving 6.hit; were staying 7.was cooking; went 8.were trying 9.Was; raining 10.were; waiting 11.was playing; was doing 12.was crying 13.happened; were travelling 14.was not watching 15.started; was sleeping 16.were moving 17.Was; surfing 18.was blowing 19.were helping 20.was walking 21.were preparing 22.were flying 23.were not listening 24.was talking 25.were protecting; were looking 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.B 三、句子改写 1.Were you reading when the storm arrived? 2.They were not/weren’t waiting for help at that time. 3.What was; doing 4.was cleaning; when 5.Why were 6.Tom was playing football when the rain came. 7.No, I wasn’t. 8.I was cooking while my father was repairing the window. 9.While the wind was blowing strongly, people stayed inside. 10.She wasn’t talking with the rescue worker. 四、汉译英 1.We were staying inside the house when the storm arrived. 2.I was watching news about floods at eight last night. 3.His sister was crying when he got home. 4.While my father was driving, a tree fell down on the road. 5.The volunteers were helping people in trouble at this time yesterday. 6.Mum was cooking when the power went off. 7.People were running out of the building quickly when the earthquake happened. 8.The birds were flying away when the wind became stronger. 9.He was talking with the rescue worker when I called him. 10.He was walking on the road when he saw the flood ahead. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $