Unit 5 语法(动词不定式 to do作目的状语)讲解与练习 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦动词不定式to do作目的状语，结合单元主题“Play by the rules”，通过“遵守规则为安全”等情境例句导入，系统讲解定义、结构、位置及同义表达，搭建从基础概念到拓展应用的学习支架。 资料亮点在于分层次解析易混淆点，对比to do作宾语、宾补与目的状语的差异，提升学生思维品质，单元主题例句贴近生活增强语言能力，多样化练习设计助力巩固知识，培养自主学习能力。

Unit5 Play by the rules语法讲解与练习 动词不定式 to do作目的状语详细讲解 一、基础概念 1. 什么是目的状语 状语用来修饰动词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的等。 目的状语：说明主句谓语动作发生的目的，也就是 “做这件事，是为了什么”。 2. 不定式作目的状语基本结构 to + 动词原形（to do），放在主句之后，表达主句动作的目的。 句式：主语+谓语 + … , to do sth. 翻译：某人做……，为了…… 本质：to do = in order to do（为了……） 例句：I get up early to catch the school bus. 我早起，是为了赶上校车。 解析：get up early 主句动作；to catch the school bus 早起的目的，作目的状语。 二、两种常用位置 ① 放主句后面（最常见） 结构：主语+谓语+ … + to do sth. 1.We must follow the rules to keep safe. 我们必须遵守规则以保证安全。 2.She takes notes carefully to remember the rules. 她认真记笔记，记住这些规则。 ② 放主句前面（起强调作用，后面加逗号） 结构：To do sth., 主语+谓语+ … 1.To keep safe, we must follow traffic rules. 为保证安全，我们必须遵守交通规则。 2.To win the game, all players should play by the rules. 为赢得比赛，所有选手都应当遵守规则。 三、同义拓展：in order to do /so as to do 1.in order to do sth. 含义：为了……；可置于句首，也可置于句末 In order to pass the test, he studies hard. = He studies hard in order to pass the test. 2.so as to do sth. 含义：为了……；只能放在句末，不能放句首 He runs fast so as to arrive on time. 四、否定形式：in order not to do /so as not to do ⚠️重点：not to do 可以用于宾补、宾语否定；作目的状语时，习惯优先用 in order not to /so as not to，尽量不用单独 not to do 1.He walks quietly in order not to wake others. 他轻声走路，为了不吵醒其他人。 2.Get there early so as not to miss the match. 早点到那里，免得错过比赛。 五、极易混淆区分：to do目的状语 VS to do宾语 VS to do宾补 很多同学分不清，这里对比辨析： 1.✅ I want to follow the rules.（to do 作宾语） want 后面直接接动作，to follow 是 want 的对象 2.✅ My teacher tells me to follow the rules.（to do 作宾补） 动词后有宾语 me，to do 补充说明宾语要做什么 3.✅ I study hard to follow the rules.（to do 作目的状语） to do 说明 “努力学习” 的目的，可以改写为 in order to… 快速判断技巧： 如果能在to do前面加上 in order，句子通顺 → 目的状语 I study hard (in order) to follow the rules. 六、重要易错提醒 不定式表目的，不能和情态动词、谓语动词并列混淆 ❌ He follows the rules and keep safe. ✅ He follows the rules to keep safe. 逗号使用： To do sth., 主句（句首，必须加逗号）； 主句 + to do sth.（句末，不加逗号） 不定式作目的状语，逻辑主语必须和主句主语保持一致 ✅ To learn the rules well, you need to practise more. （you 是 learn 的逻辑主语，一致） ❌ To learn the rules well, more practice is needed. 逻辑主语不一致，属于病句。 七、单元主题配套例句 1.Everyone should obey park rules to protect the environment. 人人应当遵守公园规定，保护环境。 2.To enjoy the game, all players must play by the rules. 为享受比赛，所有选手必须遵守规则。 3.We read the signs carefully in order not to break the rules. 我们仔细阅读标识，避免违反规定。 4.He slows down so as to drive safely. 他减速行驶，安全驾驶。 5.Please queue up to wait for your turn. 请排队等候。 【配套练习】 第一大题：动词适当形式填空 1.People obey traffic rules ________ (keep) safe on the road. 2.________ (learn) more about public rules, Tom reads many notices. 3.She gets up early ________ (not be) late for the sports meeting. 4.We must speak quietly ________ (respect) others in the library. 5.He takes a notebook ________ (write) down all the rules. 6.________ (win) the competition, you have to play by the rules. 7.They walk slowly in order not ________ (disturb) visitors. 8.Many visitors take rubbish bags ________ (keep) the park clean. 9.You should read the sign first ________ (know) what you can’t do. 10.I save money ________ (buy) a ticket for the football match. 11.Turn down your voice ________ (avoid) troubling people around you. 12.________ (enter) the museum, you need to show your ID card. 13.He practises every day ________ (improve) his skills. 14.Please wait in line ________ (get) into the hall. 15.We leave home early so as ________ (catch) the early bus. 16.She studies hard ________ (pass) the exam. 17.In order ________ (not make) mistakes, check your answers again. 18.Everyone needs rules ________ (live) together peacefully. 19.The guide holds a flag ________ (let) tourists follow him. 20.Don’t run fast ________ (not fall) down on wet ground. 21.Parents make rules ________ (protect) their children. 22.________ (visit) the exhibition, we booked tickets online. 23.He wears a helmet ________ (stay) safe when riding bikes. 24.Write your name on the paper ________ (make) it clear. 25.They take water ________ (drink) during the long walk. 第二大题：单项选择 1.We follow the rules ______ a good environment for everyone. A. create B. to create C. creating D. created 2.______ catch the early train, he arrived at the station before 6 a.m. A. To B. For C. So D. So that 3.You should speak softly ______ wake up the sleeping kids. A. not to B. to not C. in order not to D. so as to not 4.He takes notes carefully ______ remember all the rules. A. so B. to C. for D. that 5.—Why did you get up so early? —______ miss the school bus. A. So as not to B. In order not to C. Not to D. To not 6.______ join the basketball team, he practises after school every day. A. To B. For C. He wants D. So he 7.People stop smoking ______ protect other people’s health. A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected 8.She turned off her phone ______ disturb others in the library. A. so as not to B. so as to not C. not so as to D. so not as to 9.I bought a map ______ get lost in the new city. A. don’t to B. in order not to C. to not D. not 10.Many students study hard ______ get good grades. A. for B. to C. so D. and 11.______ keep safe, everyone must follow the traffic signs. A. In order B. To C. For D. So 12.He brings an umbrella ______ get wet on rainy days. A. not to B. in order not to C. to not D. so as to not 13.You need to read the rules ______ know what you can do. A. so that B. to C. for D. and 14.They queue up ______ wait for their turn. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 15.We plant more trees ______ make our city greener. A. make B. making C. to make D. made 第三大题：句子改写 1.He gets up early so that he won’t be late.（改为不定式） He gets up early ________ ________ ________ late. 2.She studies hard. She wants to pass the exam.（合并为不定式表目的） She studies hard ________ ________ the exam. 3.In order to keep quiet, we don’t talk loudly.（改为用 to 放句末） We don’t talk loudly ________ ________ quiet. 4.They take bags so that they can collect rubbish.（改为不定式） They take bags ________ ________ rubbish. 5.He reads the sign. He wants to know the rules.（合并句子） He reads the sign ________ ________ the rules. 6.To protect animals, people make strict rules.（改为 in order to） People make strict rules ________ ________ ________ animals. 7.She walks slowly so that she does not disturb others.（不定式改写） She walks slowly ________ ________ ________ disturb others. 8.We leave early so as to catch the bus.（改为 in order to） We leave early ________ ________ ________ the bus. 9.He practises every day. He wants to win the game.（合并） He practises every day ________ ________ the game. 10.In order not to break the rules, we listen to the guide.（用so as not to 改写,放句末 We listen to the guide ________ ________ ________ break the rules. 第四大题：汉译英 1.我们遵守规则，来营造良好的公共环境。 ______________________________________________ 2.为了不错过演出，他们早早到达剧院。 ______________________________________________ 3.他轻声说话，以免打扰图书馆里的其他人。 ______________________________________________ 4.很多游客自带垃圾袋保持公园整洁。 ______________________________________________ 5.为赢得比赛，每位选手都必须遵守规则。 ______________________________________________ 6.你应当仔细阅读标识，了解禁止事项。 ______________________________________________ 7.她每天练习英语以便通过口语测试。 ______________________________________________ 8.人们佩戴头盔保障骑行安全。 ______________________________________________ 9.为了不犯错，请再次检查你的答案。 ______________________________________________ 10. 大家排队等候进入展厅。 ______________________________________________ keys 一、动词适当形式填空 1.to keep 2.To learn 3.in order not to be 4.to respect 5.to write 6.To win 7.to disturb 8.to keep 9.to know 10.to buy 11.to avoid 12.To enter 13.to improve 14.to get 15.to catch 16.to pass 17.not to make 18.to live 19.to let 20.in order not to fall 21.to protect 22.To visit 23.to stay 24.to make 25.to drink 二、单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.C 三、句子改写 1.in order not to be 2.to pass 3.to keep 4.to collect 5.to know 6.in order to protect 7.in order not to 8.in order to catch 9.to win 10.so as not to 四、汉译英 1.We follow the rules to create a good public environment. 2.They arrive at the theatre early in order not to miss the show. 3.He speaks quietly in order not to disturb other people in the library. 4.Many visitors take rubbish bags to keep the park clean. 5.To win the game, every player must play by the rules. 6.You should read the signs carefully to know the forbidden things. 7.She practises English every day to pass the speaking test. 8.People wear helmets to keep safe when riding bikes. 9.In order not to make mistakes, please check your answers again. 10.Everyone queues up to wait and enter the exhibition hall. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $