小升初难点语法辨析：现在进行时 vs. 过去进行时精讲&精练（讲义）-2026-2027学年译林版（三起）（2012)英语六年级下册

该小学英语讲义聚焦小升初难点语法“现在进行时 vs. 过去进行时”，通过核心概念对比、结构公式拆解、用法精讲、易错辨析及分层练习，帮助学生掌握两者时间范围、结构及标志词的核心区别，系统构建时态知识体系。 亮点在于对比式教学与阶梯式训练结合，如用“一句话区分”“对比示例”直观建立认知，when/while对比速记表突破从句难点，分层练习中“考点五when/while填空”培养思维品质，“解题三步法”提升学习能力，助力学生精准辨析时态，教师可通过练习反馈把握学情，高效提升复习针对性。

小升初难点语法辨析：现在进行时 vs. 过去进行时精讲&精练 一、核心概念对比 对比维度 现在进行时 过去进行时 含义 现在正在进行的动作 过去某个时刻/时段正在进行的动作 时间范围 现在、当前 过去 基本结构 am / is / are + doing was / were + doing 常见标志词 now, right now, Look!, Listen!, at the moment at that moment, at this time yesterday, at...o'clock yesterday, when 引导的从句 一句话区分 现在进行时：现在正在做 过去进行时：过去某个时候正在做 对比示例： I am reading a book now. （现在在读） I was reading a book at 8 p.m. yesterday. （昨晚8点在读） 二、结构公式拆解 现在进行时 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + doing She is singing. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + doing She is not singing. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing? Is she singing? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + doing? What is she doing? 过去进行时 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + doing They were dancing. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + doing They were not dancing. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were they dancing? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing? What were they doing? 记忆口诀： 进行时态不难记，be + 现在分词要牢记。 be的时态定时间，现在用am/is/are，过去用was/were。 否定be后加not，疑问be往前提。 三、现在进行时的三大核心用法 用法1：表示此刻正在进行的动作 常与 now, right now, at the moment 连用。 Look! The boys are playing football on the playground. Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. 用法2：表示现阶段持续进行的动作 动作不一定此刻正在发生，但近期一段时间内持续进行。 My father is writing a book these days. （这些天在写，此刻不一定在写） We are preparing for the exam this week. 用法3：表示即将发生的动作（特殊用法） 常用于 go, come, leave, arrive, fly 等位移动词，表示计划好的、即将发生的事。 The train is arriving soon. 火车马上到站。 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天要去北京。 四、过去进行时的三大核心用法 用法1：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 常与 at this time yesterday, at 8 o'clock last night 等连用。 I was doing my homework at 7 p.m. yesterday. What were you doing at this time last Sunday? 用法2：表示过去某个时段持续进行的动作 They were watching TV from 7 to 9 last night. It was raining all day yesterday. 用法3：when 与 while 引导的时间状语从句（重难点） when 从句 when 引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示一个短暂动作打断了正在进行的动作。 正在做某事（长动作）……突然另一件事发生（短动作） I was sleeping when the phone rang. （电话响时，我正在睡觉） He was walking in the park when he met an old friend. while 从句 while 引导的从句常用过去进行时，主句可用过去进行时或一般过去时，表示两个动作同时进行。 在做某事（长动作）的同时，也在做另一件事 / 另一件事发生 While I was cooking, my mother was cleaning the room. （两个长动作同时进行） While they were playing basketball, it started to rain. （一个长动作持续时，另一件事发生） when 与 while 对比速记： 连词 从句常用时态 主句常用时态 核心含义 when 一般过去时 过去进行时 突然发生的事打断了正在做的事 while 过去进行时 过去进行时/一般过去时 两个动作同时进行 五、现在分词（doing）变形规则 两个时态都用现在分词，变形规则完全一致： 规则 原形 现在分词 一般直接加-ing play, read playing, reading 以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing make, dance making, dancing 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加-ing run, swim, sit running, swimming, sitting 以ie结尾，变ie为y加-ing die, lie, tie dying, lying, tying 特别提醒： see → seeing（字母组合ee不可省e） be → being agree → agreeing 六、高频易错辨析 易错点1：be动词用错 ❌ I am not play football now. ✅ I am not playing football now. （进行时必须有 be + doing 两个部分） 易错点2：was/were 与主语搭配错误 人称 现在进行时 be 过去进行时 be I am was he/she/it is was we/you/they are were ❌ I were sleeping at that time. ✅ I was sleeping at that time. ❌ They was running on the playground. ✅ They were running on the playground. 易错点3：不用于进行时态的动词 以下动词通常不用进行时，只用一般时态： 感官动词：see, hear, smell, taste, feel（当“感觉”讲时） 心理状态动词：know, understand, believe, think（当“认为”讲时）, want, like, love, hate 拥有关系动词：have（当“拥有”讲时）, own, belong to ❌ I am knowing the answer. ✅ I know the answer. 特例：have 当“吃、喝、举行”等讲时，可用进行时： I am having breakfast now. （正在吃早饭） She is having a meeting. （正在开会） 七、解题三步法 1. 判断时态：找时间标志词，确定是现在还是过去 2. 判断动作状态：是否正在进行的动作？是→进行时 3. 检查结构：be动词形式 + 现在分词变形是否正确 示例： Look! The cat ________ (run) after a mouse. Look! → 现在 正在追老鼠 → 现在进行时 The cat是单数 → is running 答案：is running 现在进行时 vs. 过去进行时 专项分层练习卷 （满分：100分 建议用时：40分钟） 第一层：基础巩固（共30分） 考点一：现在分词的变形规则 1.一般直接加-ing：play → playing 2.以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing：make → making 3.重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加-ing：run → running 4.以ie结尾，变ie为y加-ing：die → dying 一、写出下列动词的现在分词形式。（10分，每题1分） 1. work ________ 6. swim ________ 2. dance ________ 7. write ________ 3. sit ________ 8. lie ________ 4. get ________ 9. see ________ 5. have ________ 10. begin ________ 考点二：现在进行时的基本结构（am/is/are + doing） 用法： 1.此刻正在进行的动作（now, right now, Look!, Listen!） 2.现阶段持续进行的动作（these days, this week） 3.即将发生的动作（go, come, leave, arrive 等位移动词） 注意：be动词要与主语人称一致（I am / He/She/It is / We/You/They are） 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。（10分，每题2分） 1. Look! The children ________ (fly) kites in the park. 2. —Where is Tom? —He ________ (do) his homework in the study now. 3. We ________ (prepare) for the school sports meeting these days. 4. Listen! Someone ________ (knock) at the door. 5. The train ________ (leave) in ten minutes. Hurry up! 考点三：过去进行时的基本结构（was/were + doing） 用法： 1.过去某个时刻正在进行的动作（at this time yesterday, at 8 o'clock last night） 2.过去某个时段持续进行的动作 注意：was用于I/he/she/it；were用于we/you/they 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。（10分，每题2分） 1.I ________ (watch) TV at 8 o'clock last night. 2.They ________ (have) a meeting at this time yesterday. 3.—What ________ you ________ (do) at ten yesterday morning? —I was reading in the library. 4.It ________ (rain) heavily all day last Sunday. 5.She ________ (sleep) when I called her last night. 第二层：核心辨析（共30分） 考点四：现在进行时 vs. 过去进行时的时间标志词判断 判断方法： 1.先看时间标志词，确定是现在还是过去 2.现在时间标志：now, right now, Look!, Listen!, at the moment 3.过去时间标志：then, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at...o'clock yesterday 四、用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意判断时间。（10分，每题2分） 1. —Where is your mother? —She ________ (cook) in the kitchen now. 2. I called you at 7 p.m., but you didn't answer. What ________ you ________ (do) then? 3. Look! The bus ________ (come). Let's get ready. 4.At this time last Sunday, I ________ (visit) the museum with my parents. 5. My brother ________ (play) the guitar these days. He has a show next month. 考点五：when 与 while 的区别（重难点） 连词 从句常用时态 主句常用时态 含义 when 一般过去时 过去进行时 短暂动作打断了正在进行的动作 while 过去进行时 过去进行时/一般过去时 两个动作同时进行 五、用 when 或 while 填空，并用括号内动词的适当形式填空。（10分，每题2分） 1.I ________ (walk) in the street ________ I met an old friend. 2.________ the students ________ (read) quietly, the teacher came in. 3.My mother ________ (cook) dinner ________ my father was cleaning the windows. 4.The accident happened ________ they ________ (cross) the road. 5.________ I ________ (wait) for the bus, I saw a car accident. 考点六：不用于进行时态的动词 以下动词通常不用进行时： 感官动词：see, hear, smell, taste, feel 心理状态：know, understand, believe, think（认为）, want, like, love, hate 拥有关系：have（拥有）, own, belong to 注意：have 表示“吃、喝、举行、上课”等动作含义时，可用进行时。 六、判断下列句子是否正确，正确的打√，错误的打×并改正。（10分，每题2分） I am knowing the answer to this question. ( ) 改正：______________________________ She is having lunch at the moment. ( ) He was wanting to go home when it started to rain. ( ) 改正：______________________________ This book is belonging to me. ( ) 改正：______________________________ They are having an English class now. ( ) 第三层：综合运用（共25分） 考点七：两种进行时的综合运用 解题步骤： 1.确定时间（现在/过去） 2. 确定主语人称（决定 be 动词形式） 3. 判断动词是否可用于进行时 4. 正确变形现在分词 七、用括号内动词的适当时态填空。（15分，每题3分） 1.—May I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, he ________ (have) a meeting. Can I take a message? 2. I ________ (not, listen) to music at that time. I ________ (do) my homework. 3. While my grandparents ________ (watch) TV, I ________ (finish) my painting. 4. The doorbell rang while I ________ (take) a shower, so I couldn't answer it. 5. —What are you doing, Lily? —I ________ (write) an email to my pen pal. I ________ (write) to her every month. 考点八：句型转换 八、按要求完成下列句子转换。（10分，每题2分） 1.She is reading a book in the library.（改为一般疑问句） 2.They were playing football at 5 p.m. yesterday.（改为否定句） 3.Tom was doing his homework when I called him.（对划线部分提问） → What ________ Tom ________ when you called him? 4.I am making a model plane now.（对划线部分提问） → What ________ you ________ now? 5.He ran in the park this morning.（用 at this time this morning 改写为过去进行时） → He ________ ________ in the park at this time this morning. 第四层：冲刺拔高（共15分） 考点九：完形填空——综合时态辨析 九、阅读短文，用括号内动词的适当形式填空。（15分，每题1.5分） Last Sunday was a busy day for my family. In the morning, while I 1.________ (sleep) soundly, my mother 2.________ (get) up early to prepare breakfast. When I 3.________ (wake) up, the delicious smell of food filled the house. "What 4.________ you ________ (do) now, Dad?" I asked. "I 5.________ (read) the newspaper," he replied. After breakfast, I 6.________ (go) to the library. While I 7.________ (look) for a book, I met my best friend Tom. He 8.________ (search) for information for a science project. At noon, we had lunch together. Listen! The bell 9.________ (ring). I must go now because my class 10.________ (start) in five minutes. 参考答案 一、现在分词 1.working 2. dancing 3. sitting 4. getting 5. having 6.swimming 7. writing 8. lying 9. seeing 10. beginning 二、现在进行时 1.are flying 2. is doing 3. are preparing 4. is knocking 5. is leaving 三、过去进行时 1.was watching 2. were having 3. were, doing 4. was raining 5. was sleeping 四、时间标志词判断 1.is cooking 2. were, doing 3. is coming 4. was visiting 5. is playing 五、when 与 while 1.was walking; when 2. While; were reading 3. was cooking; while 4.when; were crossing 5. While; was waiting 六、不用于进行时的动词 1.× → I know the answer to this question. 2.√（have表示“吃”，可用进行时） 3.× → He wanted to go home when it started to rain. 4.× → This book belongs to me. 5.√（have表示“上”，可用进行时） 七、综合运用 1.is having 2. was not listening; was doing 3. were watching; finished 4.was taking 5. am writing; write 八、句型转换 1.Is she reading a book in the library? 2.They were not playing football at 5 p.m. yesterday. 3.What was Tom doing when you called him? 4. What are you doing now? 5.He was running in the park at this time this morning. 九、完形填空 1.was sleeping 2. got 3. woke 4. are, doing 5. am reading 6.went 7. was looking 8. was searching 9. is ringing 10. starts 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $