12-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦外刊主题的阅读理解专项，通过4篇不同题材短文（环境、健康、粮食系统、职场）及七选五题型，系统覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意等核心题型，提炼定位原文、逻辑衔接等实用解题方法，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D篇）|4篇15题|细节题定位原文信息，词义题结合上下文语境，主旨题概括全文核心|以全球热点主题为载体，构建“信息获取-逻辑分析-综合概括”的语言能力训练链| |七选五（E篇）|1篇5题|关注上下文衔接词（如Some...Others...）、指代关系（This/They）|通过职场现象分析，强化语篇逻辑与上下文连贯思维| |长难句分析|2句|拆分复合句结构（主句、从句、分词状语），解析“with复合结构”“定语从句”等语法点|以复杂句式为切入点，提升语言理解的深度与准确性|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The world’s oceans are heating at an unprecedented rate, and marine life is on the move. A new study published in Nature Climate Change has found that climate change is forcing fish populations to migrate toward the poles at an average speed of 25 kilometers per decade, disrupting ecosystems and threatening the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on fishing. The researchers analyzed data from over 100 fish species across the world’s oceans, tracking changes in their distribution over the past 50 years. They found that as ocean temperatures rise, fish are moving to cooler waters to survive. In the North Atlantic, cod populations have shifted northward by over 100 kilometers in recent decades. In the Pacific, tuna are migrating to higher latitudes, affecting fishing grounds in countries like Japan and the United States. The implications for global fisheries are profound. Many developing countries, particularly in tropical regions, are losing access to fish stocks that have historically been within their waters. “This is a matter of food security,” said Dr. Carlos Mendez, lead author of the study. “Communities that rely on fishing for protein and income are being hit hardest.” The study also found that smaller fish species are moving faster than larger ones, which could disrupt the food chain. As prey species move away, predators must follow or starve. This mismatch in migration rates could lead to significant changes in marine ecosystems, with cascading effects throughout the food web. The researchers emphasize that the trend is likely to accelerate unless greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. “We are witnessing a fundamental reorganization of marine life,” said Dr. Mendez. “The question is not whether we can stop it, but how we can adapt.” 1.According to the passage, why are fish populations migrating toward the poles? A. They are following their prey. B. They are seeking cooler waters as ocean temperatures rise. C. They are avoiding overfishing in tropical waters. D. They are responding to changes in ocean currents. 2.According to paragraph 2, how far have cod populations shifted northward in the North Atlantic? A. 25 kilometers. B. Over 100 kilometers. C. 50 kilometers. D. 200 kilometers. 3.According to Dr. Carlos Mendez, what is the main concern about fish migration? A. It will make fish more difficult to catch. B. It threatens food security in developing countries. C. It will increase competition among fishermen. D. It will lead to overfishing in northern waters. B A new study from Stanford University has found that regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of developing depression, even among individuals with a genetic predisposition to the condition. The research, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, analyzed data from over 300,000 adults over a 10-year period. The researchers found that individuals who engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity for at least four hours per week had a 25 percent lower risk of developing depression compared to those who were inactive. The protective effect was observed regardless of participants‘ genetic risk scores for depression. Even among those with the highest genetic risk, regular exercise reduced the likelihood of depression by nearly 20 percent. “Our findings suggest that physical activity is not just good for the body—it is good for the mind,” said Dr. Karmel Choi, lead author of the study. “The benefits of exercise on mental health are comparable to those of some medications, but without the side effects.” The study also explored the mechanisms behind this protective effect. Exercise releases endorphins, which act as natural mood boosters. It also reduces inflammation and increases the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports brain health and the growth of new neurons. The researchers emphasize that the amount of exercise matters. While any activity is better than none, the greatest benefits were observed among those who exercised consistently over time. They suggest that public health campaigns should promote the mental health benefits of exercise alongside the physical benefits. 4.According to the study, what is the effect of regular physical activity on depression risk? A. It increases the risk by 25 percent. B. It reduces the risk by 25 percent. C. It has no effect on depression risk. D. It only helps people with low genetic risk. 5.According to paragraph 2, what role does genetic risk play in the study‘s findings? A. People with high genetic risk cannot benefit from exercise. B. Regular exercise reduced depression risk even in those with high genetic risk. C. Genetic risk is the only factor that determines depression risk. D. The study did not consider genetic risk. 6.The underlined phrase “brain-derived neurotrophic factor” (BDNF) in paragraph 4 is described as a ______. A. hormone that increases stress B. protein that supports brain health C. medication for depression D. type of exercise 7.What is the main message of the passage? A. Exercise is only beneficial for physical health. B. Exercise can help prevent depression even in genetically at-risk individuals. C. Medications are more effective than exercise for depression. D. Exercise should replace all medications for depression. C The global food system is responsible for approximately one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions, according to a 2025 report from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The findings highlight the urgent need to transform how food is produced, transported, and consumed to meet climate targets. The report analyzed emissions across the entire food supply chain, from farming and land use to processing, packaging, transportation, and waste. It found that agriculture alone accounts for about 20 percent of global emissions, with livestock production being the single largest contributor. Methane from cattle and nitrous oxide from fertilizer use are particularly potent greenhouse gases, with warming effects far greater than carbon dioxide. “We cannot solve the climate crisis without addressing the food system,” said Dr. Maria Santos, a senior FAO official. “The food choices we make every day have a significant impact on the planet’s climate.” The report recommends shifting toward plant-based diets, reducing food waste, and improving agricultural practices as key strategies for reducing emissions. The report also highlighted the importance of reducing food waste. Approximately one-third of all food produced globally is lost or wasted, accounting for about 8 percent of total emissions. In developed countries, most waste occurs at the consumer level, while in developing countries, it occurs primarily during production and storage. Some countries have already begun taking action. The European Union has proposed legislation to reduce food waste by 50 percent by 2030, while China has introduced a “clean plate” campaign encouraging consumers to order only what they can eat. The report emphasizes that individual actions, combined with policy changes, are necessary to achieve meaningful reductions. 8.According to the passage, what proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions comes from the food system? A. One-tenth. B. One-quarter. C. One-third. D. One-half. 9.According to the report, what is the single largest contributor to agricultural emissions? A. Rice cultivation. B. Livestock production. C. Fertilizer production. D. Food packaging. 10.The underlined word “potent” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. powerful B. harmless C. insignificant D. artificial 11.What does the passage suggest about food waste? A. It only occurs in developing countries. B. It accounts for about 8 percent of total emissions. C. It is not a significant environmental issue. D. It has already been eliminated in most countries. D In the vast rice paddies of Asia, a silent contributor to climate change is at work. A recent study published in Nature has revealed that methane emissions from rice cultivation are significantly higher than previously estimated, accounting for approximately 10 percent of global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. The findings highlight the urgent need for more sustainable rice farming practices. Methane is produced by bacteria that thrive in the waterlogged soils of rice paddies. When rice fields are flooded, oxygen is depleted, creating ideal conditions for these bacteria to multiply and release methane into the atmosphere. The study found that traditional continuous flooding practices result in methane emissions that are up to 80 percent higher than those from fields that use alternate wetting and drying techniques. The researchers analyzed data from over 1,000 rice fields across Asia, including China, India, and Vietnam, which together produce more than 80 percent of the world‘s rice. They found that methane emissions vary significantly depending on farming practices, soil type, and climate conditions. “The good news is that we already have solutions,” said Dr. Wei Zhang, lead author of the study. “Alternate wetting and drying can reduce methane emissions by up to 50 percent while maintaining crop yields.” Alternate wetting and drying involves periodically draining the fields rather than keeping them continuously flooded. This practice not only reduces methane emissions but also conserves water—a critical benefit in regions facing water scarcity. The study estimates that if half of Asia‘s rice paddies adopted this technique, annual methane emissions could be reduced by the equivalent of taking 50 million cars off the road. Despite the benefits, adoption of the technique has been slow. Many farmers are hesitant to change traditional practices, and the initial investment in water management infrastructure can be costly. However, governments and international organizations are beginning to promote sustainable rice farming through subsidies and training programs. “Reducing methane emissions from rice is one of the most cost-effective climate solutions available,” said Dr. Zhang. “We need to act now.” 12.According to the passage, what is the source of methane emissions from rice cultivation? A. The rice plants themselves. B. Bacteria in waterlogged soils. C. Fertilizers used in rice fields. D. Machinery used for harvesting. 13.According to the study, how much can alternate wetting and drying reduce methane emissions? A. Up to 30 percent. B. Up to 50 percent. C. Up to 80 percent. D. Up to 100 percent. 14.The underlined word “depleted” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. increased B. used up C. polluted D. recycled 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Rice Cultivation in Asia B. Reducing Methane Emissions from Rice Farming C. How to Increase Rice Yields D. The Importance of Rice in Asian Diets 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E The modern workplace is undergoing a transformation that is rewriting the unwritten rules of professional behavior. The so-called “quiet quitting” trend—doing the minimum required rather than going above and beyond—has become a widespread phenomenon. (16) ______ Research suggests that quiet quitting is driven by a combination of factors, including burnout, lack of recognition, and a growing skepticism about the value of going the extra mile when it is not rewarded. Many workers, particularly younger ones, are questioning the traditional expectation that career success requires constant sacrifice of personal time and well-being. (17) ______ The emergence of quiet quitting has sparked a debate about employee engagement. Some managers view it as a sign of declining work ethic. (18) ______ Others see it as a rational response to unsustainable work demands. A 2024 survey found that 62 percent of employees who engaged in quiet quitting reported feeling overworked and undervalued. Interestingly, the phenomenon is not limited to traditional office settings. (19) ______ Quiet quitting has been observed across industries, from retail and hospitality to healthcare and technology. The response from employers has been mixed. Some companies are increasing salaries and benefits to retain talent. (20) ______ A growing number of organizations are focusing on improving workplace culture, offering flexible working arrangements, and recognizing employee contributions more effectively. 选项（A-G）： A. Others are investing in better management training. B. Quiet quitting is a trend that only affects office workers. C. The trend represents a shift in the relationship between employees and employers. D. This has led to a growing interest in workplace culture. E. They argue that employees are no longer willing to give their best effort. F. Quiet quitting is a temporary phase that will soon disappear. G. Remote workers are equally likely to engage in quiet quitting. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《自然·气候变化》上的一项研究——气候变化迫使鱼类以每十年25公里的速度向两极迁移，扰乱生态系统，威胁依赖渔业为生的社区，特别是热带发展中国家。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，鱼类种群为何向两极迁移？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“as ocean temperatures rise, fish are moving to cooler waters to survive”直接说明鱼类迁移是为了寻找更凉爽的水域。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，北大西洋的鳕鱼种群向北迁移了多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“cod populations have shifted northward by over 100 kilometers in recent decades”直接说明超过100公里。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据Carlos Mendez博士的说法，鱼类迁移的主要担忧是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“This is a matter of food security... Communities that rely on fishing for protein and income are being hit hardest”直接说明鱼类迁移威胁发展中国家的粮食安全。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究——规律体育活动可显著降低抑郁风险，即使对有遗传倾向的人也是如此，运动释放内啡肽并增加BDNF蛋白。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，规律体育活动对抑郁风险有什么影响？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“had a 25 percent lower risk of developing depression”直接说明降低25%。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，遗传风险在研究结果中扮演什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Even among those with the highest genetic risk, regular exercise reduced the likelihood of depression by nearly 20 percent”说明即使有高遗传风险，运动也能降低抑郁风险。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线短语“brain-derived neurotrophic factor”（BDNF）被描述为一种______。 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“a protein that supports brain health and the growth of new neurons”直接说明BDNF是一种支持大脑健康的蛋白质。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要信息是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文强调运动有助于预防抑郁，即使对有遗传风险的人也是如此。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了联合国粮农组织2025年的报告——全球粮食系统占温室气体排放的三分之一，其中畜牧业是最大的单一贡献者，减少食物浪费和转向植物性饮食是关键策略。 8. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据文章，粮食系统占全球温室气体排放的多少？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“approximately one-third”直接说明三分之一。故正确答案为C。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据报告，农业排放中最大的单一贡献者是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“with livestock production being the single largest contributor”直接说明畜牧业是最大的单一贡献者。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“potent”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“potent”意为“强有力的”。B项“无害的”、C项“微不足道的”、D项“人造的”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 文章对食物浪费有什么看法？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“accounting for about 8 percent of total emissions”直接说明食物浪费约占总排放的8%。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究——水稻种植中的甲烷排放量比此前估计的更高，而间歇灌溉技术可将甲烷排放减少高达50%，同时节约水资源。 12. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，水稻种植中甲烷排放的来源是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Methane is produced by bacteria that thrive in the waterlogged soils of rice paddies”直接说明甲烷由水淹土壤中的细菌产生。故正确答案为B。 13. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，间歇灌溉可以减少多少甲烷排放？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“Alternate wetting and drying can reduce methane emissions by up to 50 percent”直接说明可减少高达50%。故正确答案为B。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“depleted”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“depleted”意为“耗尽、用尽”。文中“oxygen is depleted”指氧气被耗尽。A项“增加”、C项“污染”、D项“回收”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕减少水稻种植中的甲烷排放展开。A项“水稻种植史”、C项“如何提高水稻产量”、D项“水稻在亚洲饮食中的重要性”均偏离主题。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“安静离职”现象——员工只做最低要求的工作而不愿额外付出，分析了其驱动因素（倦怠、缺乏认可）和雇主的应对方式。 16. 答案：C 题干句意：“安静离职”已成为一种普遍现象。（16）______ 解析：前句引入安静离职现象，C项“这一趋势代表了员工与雇主之间关系的转变”概括了该现象的本质意义，与后文关于原因和影响的讨论衔接。故正确答案为C。 17. 答案：D 题干句意：许多员工，尤其是年轻员工，开始质疑职业成功需要不断牺牲个人时间和幸福的传统期望。（17）______ 解析：前句说明年轻员工质疑传统期望，D项“这导致了对职场文化的日益关注”承接前句，“This”指代前句内容，与后文“关于员工敬业度的争论”衔接自然。E项“他们认为员工不再愿意付出最大努力”中“They”指代不明。故正确答案为D。 18. 答案：E 题干句意：一些管理者认为这是职业道德下降的迹象。（18）______ 解析：前句提到“Some managers view it as...”，E项“他们认为员工不再愿意付出最大努力”中“They”指代前句的“Some managers”，进一步说明管理者观点，与后文“Others see it as...”形成对比。A项“另一些人在投资更好的管理培训”与后文“Others...”句式重复。故正确答案为E。 19. 答案：G 题干句意：有趣的是，这种现象不限于传统办公室环境。（19）______ 解析：前句“not limited to traditional office settings”，G项“远程工作者同样可能进行安静离职”具体说明该现象在不同工作场景中的普遍性，与后文“cross industries”衔接。故正确答案为G。 20. 答案：A 题干句意：一些公司正在增加薪酬福利以留住人才。（20）______ 解析：前句“Some companies are...”，A项“另一些公司在投资更好的管理培训”与前句构成“Some... Others...”并列结构，描述雇主的不同应对措施。D项“这导致了对职场文化的日益关注”中“This”指代不明且与后句重复。故正确答案为A。 多余选项： B（安静离职只影响办公室员工——与“not limited”矛盾）、F（安静离职是暂时的——与“widespread phenomenon”矛盾） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The researchers analyzed data from over 100 fish species across the world‘s oceans, tracking changes in their distribution over the past 50 years, and found that as ocean temperatures rise, fish are moving to cooler waters to survive, with smaller species migrating faster than larger ones, which could disrupt the food chain.” 翻译： 研究人员分析了全球海洋中100多种鱼类的数据，追踪了它们在過去50年中的分布变化，发现随着海洋温度上升，鱼类正在向更凉爽的水域迁移以生存，其中较小的物种比较大的物种迁移更快，这可能破坏食物链。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含现在分词短语作状语、宾语从句和定语从句。 主句：The researchers（主语）analyzed（谓语1）data from over 100 fish species（宾语1）and found（谓语2） 现在分词短语作状语：, tracking changes in their distribution over the past 50 years（tracking的逻辑主语为The researchers） 宾语从句：that as ocean temperatures rise, fish are moving to cooler waters to survive（作found的宾语，其中包含时间状语从句） “with”复合结构：with smaller species migrating faster than larger ones 非限制性定语从句：, which could disrupt the food chain（which指代前面整个现象） 2. 原句： “Alternate wetting and drying involves periodically draining the fields rather than keeping them continuously flooded, a practice that not only reduces methane emissions by up to 50 percent while maintaining crop yields, but also conserves water—a critical benefit in regions facing water scarcity, where farmers are often forced to choose between rice production and water conservation.” 翻译： 间歇灌溉包括定期排水而非持续淹水，这种做法不仅可以在保持作物产量的同时将甲烷排放减少高达50%，还能节约用水——在水资源短缺地区这是一个关键益处，这些地区的农民常常被迫在水稻生产和水资源保护之间做出选择。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含定语从句和地点状语从句。 主句：Alternate wetting and drying（主语）involves（谓语）periodically draining the fields rather than keeping them continuously flooded（动名词短语作宾语） 同位语：a practice（对前面整句内容的总结） 定语从句1：that not only reduces methane emissions by up to 50 percent while maintaining crop yields, but also conserves water（修饰practice，包含“not only...but also...”并列结构） 定语从句2：—a critical benefit in regions facing water scarcity（对water的解释说明） 定语从句3：where farmers are often forced to choose between rice production and water conservation（修饰regions） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $