06 英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦英文刊物拓展阅读，通过细节理解、词义猜测等题型系统提炼解题方法，依托气候变化等多样主题构建“题型-方法-逻辑”知识链，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D篇）|4篇15题（含细节、推理、主旨等）|细节题定位原文关键信息，词义题依托上下文定义，推理题基于原文合理推断|主题涵盖环境、科技、健康、心理，从具体信息到深层逻辑，形成“信息获取-分析推断-综合理解”链条| |七选五（E篇）|1篇5空|段落衔接关注主题一致与逻辑连贯，利用代词、过渡词锁定答案|围绕青少年睡眠问题，构建“现象-原因-影响-措施”的说明文逻辑框架|

英文刊物拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A China published on Wednesday its national climate change response plan for the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) period, setting a target to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 17 percent from 2025 levels by 2030 and identifying the period as critical for achieving the nation's carbon peak. The plan, jointly issued by 19 departments, including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the National Development and Reform Commission, states that China will strengthen monitoring and control of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases and develop the capacity to reduce their emissions by 30 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030. It also sets out goals to establish a comprehensive product carbon footprint management system and improve the climate adaptation work framework. Ma Jun, founding director of the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, said the target of 17 percent is linked to China's nationally determined contribution to lower its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by over 65 percent from 2005 levels by 2030. The 14th Five-Year Plan period barely achieved a comparable reduction, and the task will get harder as the Chinese economy continues to grow, he said. "China's installed capacity for renewable energy surpassed the 2030 target six years ahead of schedule. The real challenge lies in effective consumption. While nonfossil energy accounts for more than 60 percent of installed capacity, its actual consumption makes up only 21.7 percent," Ma added. Hu Wentao, an associate researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Research Institute for Eco-civilization, said the plan signals a further shift from dual control over total energy consumption and energy intensity to dual control over total carbon emissions and carbon intensity. When authorities review and approve projects, the amount of carbon emissions will become an important parameter for consideration, he said. 1.What is the main target of China's new climate change response plan? A. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 17% by 2030. B. To achieve carbon neutrality by 2026. C. To increase renewable energy consumption to 60% of total energy use. D. To eliminate all fossil fuel use by 2030. 2.According to Ma Jun, what is the real challenge for China's renewable energy development? A. Building more renewable energy facilities. B. Effectively consuming the renewable energy that has been installed. C. Attracting international investment for renewable projects. D. Reducing the cost of solar panels and wind turbines. 3.According to Hu Wentao, what is the significance of the new plan? A. It focuses only on reducing total energy consumption. B. It shifts control from energy consumption to carbon emissions and intensity. C. It eliminates all control measures for energy use. D. It only applies to the electricity sector. B The world's largest floating wind farm, Hywind Tampen, began operations off the coast of Norway in 2024, marking a significant milestone for renewable energy. Unlike traditional offshore wind turbines fixed to the seabed, floating turbines are anchored to the ocean floor using cables and chains, allowing them to operate in waters too deep for fixed foundations. This innovation opens up vast areas of ocean for wind energy generation, particularly in regions where coastal waters drop off quickly. The technology behind floating wind farms has advanced rapidly. Hywind Tampen uses 11 turbines, each standing 260 meters tall, and can supply electricity to around 88,000 homes. The key advantage of floating turbines is their ability to capture stronger and more consistent winds found further offshore. At the same time, their deeper-water locations reduce visual impact on coastal communities and minimize potential conflicts with other marine activities such as shipping and fishing. However, floating wind farms face significant challenges. The cost of construction and installation remains substantially higher than fixed-bottom turbines. A single floating turbine can cost up to three times more than its fixed counterpart. Maintenance in deep water is also more complex and expensive, requiring specialized vessels and equipment. In addition, the long-term environmental impacts on marine ecosystems are not yet fully understood. Despite these obstacles, floating wind technology is gaining momentum. The global pipeline for floating wind projects has grown rapidly, with major developments planned in the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and the United States. The technology is particularly attractive to countries with limited shallow-water coastlines but abundant deep-water resources. As the industry scales up and manufacturing costs decline, floating wind farms are expected to play an increasingly important role in the global energy transition. 4.What is the main advantage of floating wind turbines over fixed-bottom turbines? A. They are cheaper to construct and maintain. B. They can operate in deeper waters and capture stronger winds. C. They produce less visual pollution than all other renewable sources. D. They do not require any cables or chains for anchoring. 5.According to paragraph 3, what is a challenge facing floating wind farms? A. They cannot generate enough electricity to supply homes. B. They are only suitable for shallow-water coastlines. C. They cost significantly more than fixed-bottom turbines. D. They have already been proven to harm marine ecosystems. 6.The underlined word "momentum" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A. uncertainty B. resistance C. difficulty D. progress and increasing development 7.What can be inferred about floating wind technology from the passage? A. It has already replaced all traditional offshore wind farms. B. It is likely to expand globally despite current challenges. C. It is only economically viable in Norway. D. It produces more energy than nuclear power. C For most people, a minor cut or scrape is no big deal — the body heals itself quickly, and antibiotics can deal with any infections. But some wounds, such as severe burns and diabetic ulcers, are prone to bacterial infections that can become resistant to antibiotics. "Diabetic wounds are very difficult to heal and people live with these wounds for pretty much the rest of their life," says Vitaliy Khutoryanskiy, a materials scientist at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom. To address this problem, scientists are developing new ways to treat infected wounds using specially designed nanomaterials that are activated with light and deliver precise antimicrobial action. The approach has shown promise in reducing infection and accelerating wound healing in experiments on mice and pigs but has not yet been tested in people. Chronic, non-healing wounds offer ideal conditions for the formation of resilient biofilms — stubborn layers of bacteria that delay healing and significantly raise the risk of amputation. The vast majority of such wounds — over 78 percent — have these biofilms, which are often antibiotic-resistant. The new light-activated nanomaterials offer a different way to eradicate bacterial infections. Some convert light into localized heat, weakening the bacteria and helping with tissue repair. Others react with oxygen present in the tissues to produce toxic molecules that kill bacteria with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. In one promising study, researchers began with a naturally occurring antimicrobial protein called lysozyme, extracted from egg whites. They engineered the protein into a gel mixed with a light-absorbing dye. In the presence of near-infrared light, the dye heats up, melting the gel and releasing active lysozyme. When the team applied the gel to wounds in mice and pigs, it eradicated more than 95 percent of the bacteria present. The wounds also healed more quickly. In another recent study, scientists treated wounds using a nanomaterial made of gold nanoparticles and graphene-oxide "quantum dots." When irradiated with blue light, the gold particles converted the light energy into heat, while the graphene oxide boosted reactions that produced toxic molecules. Testing in mice revealed that after nine days, the wounds on treated mice showed 99 percent healing, while those of untreated mice showed only about 70 percent healing. While these techniques have shown promise in the lab, further work will be needed before they can be applied to people. Researchers would need to do extensive safety testing and lower the cost of the nanomaterials. 8.Why are chronic wounds difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics? A. The bacteria in these wounds are often antibiotic-resistant. B. The wounds are too deep for antibiotics to reach. C. Antibiotics cannot be applied to open wounds. D. The wounds heal too quickly for antibiotics to work. 9.According to the passage, how do light-activated nanomaterials kill bacteria? A. By releasing chemical drugs that destroy bacteria. B. By converting light into heat or producing toxic molecules. C. By physically removing bacteria from the wound. D. By stopping bacteria from reproducing. 10.The underlined word "biofilms" in paragraph 4 refers to ______. A. single bacteria cells that float freely B. layers of bacteria that form on surfaces C. medical films used to cover wounds D. protective coatings made by the human body 11.What can be inferred about the future of light-activated nanomaterials for wound treatment? A. They are already available for patient use. B. They will require further testing before being used in humans. C. They will replace antibiotics entirely. D. They are too expensive to be practical. D A new study from Stanford University has found that people who listen to a diverse range of music genres are more likely to demonstrate flexible thinking and creativity. The research, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, suggests that musical diversity may serve as a form of cognitive exercise, training the brain to process information in novel ways. Researchers recruited 120 participants and first surveyed them about their music listening habits. Participants who reported listening to a wide variety of genres—from classical to electronic, jazz to hip-hop—scored significantly higher on tests measuring divergent thinking, a key component of creativity. Divergent thinking involves generating multiple solutions to a single problem, as opposed to convergent thinking, which focuses on finding one correct answer. The researchers then conducted a follow-up experiment. Participants who had not previously listened to diverse music were asked to listen to playlists that mixed genres over a period of four weeks. By the end of the study, these participants showed a measurable increase in their divergent thinking scores. The control group, which listened to a single genre, showed no such improvement. Dr. Kevin Mitchell, lead author of the study, explained the findings: "When you listen to different genres, you are exposed to different musical structures, rhythms, and harmonies. This encourages your brain to make connections between seemingly unrelated patterns, which is exactly the kind of cognitive flexibility that supports creativity." He added that the effect was not limited to music—people who engaged with diverse forms of art or literature also showed similar benefits. The study has implications for education and personal development. While schools often prioritise STEM subjects, these findings suggest that exposure to the arts—in particular, diverse musical experiences—could play an important role in developing creative thinking. For individuals, deliberately expanding one's musical horizons might be a simple and enjoyable way to boost cognitive flexibility. 12.What was the main finding of the study? A. Classical music is the best genre for improving creativity. B. Listening to diverse music improves flexible thinking and creativity. C. Music listening has no effect on cognitive abilities. D. Only people who play musical instruments benefit from listening. 13.What happened to participants in the follow-up experiment? A. They all reported improved mood after four weeks. B. Those who listened to diverse music improved their divergent thinking. C. The control group showed greater improvement than the experimental group. D. No participants showed any cognitive change. 14.The underlined word "divergent" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. focused B. creative and varied C. simple D. logical 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Science of Musical Genres B. How Diverse Music Boosts Creativity C. The Benefits of Classical Music D. Why Schools Should Teach Music 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E Teens aren't getting enough sleep. A two-decade study suggests it's getting worse. Scientists found that the number of high schoolers getting insufficient sleep—less than seven hours a night—has increased from 69% to 77%. (16) ______ The researchers studied the sleep habits of high school students from 2007 to 2023. The findings were published in the medical journal JAMA. (17) ______ Bad sleep habits were true across most demographics, including race, gender, and grade level. Some teens are getting less than five hours of sleep a night. (18) ______ Pediatricians have seen the effects of insufficient sleep firsthand in their practice. (19) ______ The researchers suggest broad interventions that could potentially reach most kids. They point out that later school start times are linked to longer sleep and improved mental health. (20) ______ 选项（A-G）： A. The researchers tried to get at why this is happening. B. Teens who reported depression or suicidal thoughts tended to sleep less. C. Later school start times might help students across the board get better sleep. D. This is happening across all demographic groups. E. Children are naturally poor sleepers at all ages. F. If teens don't get enough sleep, they are more depressed and do worse at school. G. Sleep is not important for teenagers' health. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国发布的"十五五"期间国家气候变化应对计划，设定了到2030年单位GDP二氧化碳排放比2025年下降17%的目标，并强调了从能耗双控向碳排放双控转变的意义。 1. 答案：A 题干句意： 中国新的气候变化应对计划的主要目标是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，"setting a target to reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 17 percent from 2025 levels by 2030"直接说明了主要目标。B项"2026年实现碳中和"文中未提及；C项"可再生能源消费达到60%"与"actual consumption makes up only 21.7 percent"矛盾；D项"2030年前消除化石燃料"过于绝对。故正确答案为A。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据马军，中国可再生能源发展的真正挑战是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，"The real challenge lies in effective consumption. While nonfossil energy accounts for more than 60 percent of installed capacity, its actual consumption makes up only 21.7 percent"说明真正挑战在于有效消纳已安装的可再生能源。A项"建设更多设施"与"surpassed the 2030 target"矛盾；C项"吸引国际投资"未提及；D项"降低成本"未提及。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据胡文涛，新计划的意义是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第五段，"the plan signals a further shift from dual control over total energy consumption and energy intensity to dual control over total carbon emissions and carbon intensity"说明计划从能耗双控转向碳排放双控。A项"仅关注能源消耗减少"与"shift"矛盾；C项"取消所有控制措施"与"further shift"矛盾；D项"仅适用于电力行业"未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了浮动式海上风力发电场的优势、挑战和发展前景，说明了这一新技术在深水区域的应用潜力及其在全球能源转型中的重要作用。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 浮动式风力涡轮机相对于固定式涡轮机的主要优势是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，"allowing them to operate in waters too deep for fixed foundations"以及第二段"capture stronger and more consistent winds found further offshore"说明浮动式涡轮机可以在更深的水域作业并捕获更强风力。A项"成本更低"与第三段"substantially higher"矛盾；C项"视觉污染更少"只是次要优势；D项"不需要锚链"与"anchored using cables and chains"矛盾。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据第三段，浮动式风力发电场面临什么挑战？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，"The cost of construction and installation remains substantially higher than fixed-bottom turbines. A single floating turbine can cost up to three times more."直接说明成本远高于固定式涡轮机。A项"不能发电"与事实相反；B项"仅适合浅水"与"deeper waters"相反；D项"已被证明危害生态系统"与"not yet fully understood"矛盾。故正确答案为C。 6. 答案：D 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词"momentum"的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。"momentum"意为"发展势头、动力"。文中描述"floating wind technology is gaining momentum"以及"global pipeline has grown rapidly"，说明该技术正在取得进展和日益增长的发展。A项"不确定性"、B项"阻力"、C项"困难"均不符合。故正确答案为D。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 关于浮动风力技术，能从文章推断出什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第四段，全球浮动风电项目管道快速增长，多国已有重大开发计划，说明尽管面临挑战，该技术很可能在全球范围内扩展。A项"已取代所有传统海上风电场"过于绝对；C项"仅在挪威经济可行"与"international"矛盾；D项"发电量超过核能"未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家利用光激活纳米材料治疗慢性伤口和耐药细菌感染的新技术，该技术在小鼠和猪的实验中显示出良好效果。 8. 答案：A 题干句意： 为什么慢性伤口难以用传统抗生素治疗？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，"some wounds, such as severe burns and diabetic ulcers, are prone to bacterial infections that can become resistant to antibiotics"以及第四段"which are often antibiotic-resistant"说明慢性伤口中的细菌对抗生素具有耐药性。B项"伤口太深"未提及；C项"抗生素不能用于开放性伤口"与事实不符；D项"愈合太快"与"non-healing"矛盾。故正确答案为A。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，光激活纳米材料如何杀死细菌？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第五段，"Some convert light into localized heat... Others react with oxygen... to produce toxic molecules that kill bacteria"说明两种机制——转化为热量或产生有毒分子。A项"释放化学药物"未提及；C项"物理移除"未提及；D项"阻止繁殖"未提及。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：B 题干句意： 第四段中画线单词"biofilms"指的是______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。根据第四段，"biofilms — stubborn layers of bacteria"直接给出定义——细菌形成的顽固层状结构。A项"自由漂浮的单个细菌细胞"与"layers"相反；C项"医用薄膜"与"bacteria"不符；D项"人体保护层"与"bacteria"不符。故正确答案为B。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 关于光激活纳米材料在伤口治疗中的未来，可以推断出什么？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据最后一段，"further work will be needed before they can be applied to people. Researchers would need to do extensive safety testing"说明在用于人体之前还需要进一步测试。A项"已可用于患者"与"not yet been tested in people"矛盾；C项"将完全取代抗生素"过于绝对；D项"太贵不实用"与"lower the cost"的讨论矛盾。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学的研究，表明聆听多种音乐流派可以提高发散性思维和创造力，并探讨了其教育意义。 12. 答案：B 题干句意： 这项研究的主要发现是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，"people who listen to a diverse range of music genres are more likely to demonstrate flexible thinking and creativity"直接说明主要发现。A项"古典音乐最好"未提及；C项"无影响"与研究发现相反；D项"仅乐器演奏者受益"未提及。故正确答案为B。 13. 答案：B 题干句意： 后续实验中参与者发生了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，"Participants... asked to listen to playlists that mixed genres... showed a measurable increase in their divergent thinking scores"直接说明多样音乐组的发散性思维得分提高。A项"情绪改善"未提及；C项"对照组更好"与"control group showed no improvement"相反；D项"无变化"与"measurable increase"相反。故正确答案为B。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词"divergent"的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。"divergent"意为"发散的、多样的"。文中"divergent thinking"被定义为"generating multiple solutions"，与创造性、多样化思维相关。A项"聚焦的"、C项"简单的"、D项"逻辑的"均不符合。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕多样的音乐如何提升创造力展开。A项"音乐类型的科学"过于宽泛；C项"古典音乐的益处"偏离主题；D项"学校应教音乐"只是研究的一个应用方向。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了青少年睡眠不足日益严重的问题——从2007年到2023年，高中生睡眠不足（少于7小时）的比例从69%增加到77%，并讨论了其影响和可能的干预措施。 16. 答案：D 题干句意： 科学家发现，睡眠不足的高中生比例从69%增加到77%。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句给出统计数据，D项"This is happening across all demographic groups."概括了该段后文"across most demographics"的内容，作为段落主题句最合适。故正确答案为D。 17. 答案：A 题干句意： 研究人员研究了2007年至2023年高中生的睡眠习惯。研究结果发表在医学期刊《JAMA》上。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句介绍研究，后文具体说明发现，A项"The researchers tried to get at why this is happening."是该段的过渡句，引出后文对原因的探讨。故正确答案为A。 18. 答案：B 题干句意： 一些青少年每晚睡眠不足五小时。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句描述睡眠不足的普遍性，B项"Teens who reported depression or suicidal thoughts tended to sleep less."提供了更具体的发现，与后文儿科医生的讨论衔接。故正确答案为B。 19. 答案：F 题干句意： 儿科医生在实践中亲眼见过睡眠不足的影响。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句提到儿科医生的观察，F项"If teens don't get enough sleep, they are more depressed and do worse at school."具体说明了睡眠不足的影响，与后文"broad interventions"的讨论衔接。故正确答案为F。 20. 答案：C 题干句意： 研究人员指出，较晚的上学时间与更长的睡眠和改善的心理健康有关。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查段落主旨句。前句提出建议——较晚的上学时间，C项"Later school start times might help students across the board get better sleep."是对该建议的总结。G项"Sleep is not important for teenagers' health."与全文基调相反。故正确答案为C。 多余选项： E（Children are naturally poor sleepers at all ages.——文中未提及年龄因素）、G（Sleep is not important for teenagers' health.——与全文主旨相反） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： "The world's largest floating wind farm, Hywind Tampen, began operations off the coast of Norway in 2024, marking a significant milestone for renewable energy and demonstrating that floating turbines can operate effectively in waters too deep for traditional fixed-bottom foundations." 翻译： 世界上最大的浮动式海上风电场Hywind Tampen于2024年在挪威海岸开始运营，标志着可再生能源领域的一个重要里程碑，并证明了浮动式涡轮机可以在对传统固定式基础来说过深的水域中有效运行。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含同位语、现在分词短语作状语和宾语从句。 主句：The world's largest floating wind farm（主语）began operations（谓语）off the coast of Norway in 2024（地点和时间状语） 同位语：Hywind Tampen（对wind farm的解释说明） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, marking a significant milestone for renewable energy and demonstrating that floating turbines can operate effectively in waters too deep for traditional fixed-bottom foundations（marking和demonstrating并列，逻辑主语为前面整句内容） 宾语从句：that floating turbines can operate effectively in waters too deep for traditional fixed-bottom foundations（作demonstrating的宾语） 2. 原句： "When authorities review and approve projects, the amount of carbon emissions will become an important parameter for consideration, meaning that the shift from energy consumption control to carbon emissions control will have direct implications for how investment decisions are made across all sectors of the economy." 翻译： 当政府部门审查和批准项目时，碳排放量将成为重要考量参数，这意味着从能源消耗控制向碳排放控制的转变将对经济各部门的投资决策方式产生直接影响。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含时间状语从句、宾语从句和介词短语的宾语从句。 时间状语从句：When authorities review and approve projects（when引导时间状语从句） 主句：the amount of carbon emissions（主语）will become（系动词）an important parameter for consideration（表语） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, meaning that...（meaning的逻辑主语为前面整句内容） 宾语从句：that the shift... will have direct implications for how investment decisions are made across all sectors of the economy（作meaning的宾语） 介词短语的宾语从句：how investment decisions are made across all sectors of the economy（作for的宾语） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $