09-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 任务单-2027届高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 外刊拓展阅读理解专项以高频话题为载体，系统整合主旨、细节、推理、词义猜测及七选五题型解法，通过典例解析构建“题型-方法-逻辑”三位一体训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选择题（A-D篇）|15题（科技/健康/考古/环境主题）|主旨大意抓首段高频词、细节理解定位关键词、推理判断基于原文信息、词义猜测结合上下文语境|高频话题覆盖考点，题型与解题方法一一对应，体现从语言理解到思维分析的逻辑链条| |七选五（E篇）|5题（共享经济主题）|段落衔接关注上下文逻辑、逻辑衔接分析句间关系|通过篇章结构分析强化语篇连贯能力，融合语言能力与思维品质的培养|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced on Tuesday the successful development of a new high-yield rice variety that can be cultivated in saline-alkali soils, a breakthrough that could transform vast stretches of previously unproductive land into productive farmland. The new variety, named “Yanhai No. 1,” was developed by a research team led by Dr. Chen Wei at the CAS Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology. The variety has been tested in pilot fields in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, where soil salinity levels are typically too high for conventional rice cultivation. The test results showed that Yanhai No. 1 produced an average yield of 6.5 tons per hectare—approximately 80 percent of the yield of conventional rice grown on high-quality farmland—while requiring significantly less water and fertilizer input. The rice grains also demonstrated higher protein content and lower heavy metal absorption compared to other salt-tolerant varieties. “This is not just about rice production,” said Dr. Chen. “It’s about reclaiming land that has been abandoned for generations. China has approximately 100 million hectares of saline-alkali land, and if even 10 percent of that can be cultivated with varieties like Yanhai No. 1, it would significantly enhance national food security.” The development is particularly timely, as global food prices have remained volatile and climate change continues to threaten conventional farming regions. The research team used a combination of traditional cross-breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection to develop the variety, a process that took over a decade. Unlike genetically modified organisms, Yanhai No. 1 was developed through conventional breeding techniques, which may facilitate regulatory approval and public acceptance. The team has already begun work on the next generation, aiming to increase yields to 8 tons per hectare while further reducing water requirements. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has expressed strong support for the project and is planning to expand pilot programs to 15 provinces by 2027. Several countries facing similar soil salinity challenges, including Egypt, Pakistan, and Vietnam, have expressed interest in importing the seeds for trial cultivation. As one expert put it, “This is a game-changer for global food security.” 1.What is the main achievement described in the passage? A. The development of a new rice variety for saline-alkali soils. B. The discovery of new farmland in Shandong province. C. The invention of a new irrigation system for rice cultivation. D. The creation of genetically modified rice. 2.According to the passage, what is a feature of Yanhai No. 1? A. It requires more water than conventional rice. B. It produces yields comparable to high-quality farmland rice. C. It absorbs more heavy metals than other varieties. D. It contains higher protein content than other salt-tolerant varieties. 3.What can be inferred about China‘s saline-alkali land from the passage? A. All of it has already been converted to farmland. B. Most of it is located in northern China. C. Even a small portion of it could significantly boost food security. D. It is unsuitable for any form of agriculture. B A new study from the University of Oxford has found that spending at least two hours per week in nature is linked to better health and psychological well-being. The research, published in Scientific Reports, analyzed data from nearly 20,000 participants across the United Kingdom, making it one of the largest studies of its kind. Participants who spent two hours or more in green spaces—parks, woodlands, or coastal areas—during the previous week were consistently more likely to report good health and high life satisfaction compared to those who spent less time in nature. The benefits were observed across all demographic groups, including urban and rural residents, different income levels, and various age groups. The study also found that the positive effects plateaued at around five hours per week, suggesting that while more time in nature is beneficial, there is a threshold beyond which additional time provides diminishing returns. “This is a remarkably consistent finding,” said Dr. Mathew White, lead author of the study. “Whether you’re young or old, wealthy or not, living in a city or the countryside, two hours seems to be the threshold where the benefits really kick in.” The study did not distinguish between different types of green spaces, suggesting that the benefits may come from the experience of being in nature rather than the specific environment. The findings have significant implications for public health policy. The researchers suggest that healthcare providers could consider prescribing nature-based activities as a complement to traditional treatments for conditions such as depression and anxiety. Some health authorities in the UK have already begun piloting “nature prescriptions” programs, where doctors recommend outdoor activities to patients as part of their treatment plans. The study also contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the protection and creation of green spaces in urban areas, as access to nature is increasingly recognized as a public health issue. 4.According to the study, how much time in nature is linked to better health? A. At least one hour per week. B. At least two hours per week. C. At least five hours per week. D. At least ten hours per week. 5.According to paragraph 2, what does the study reveal about the relationship between nature exposure and health benefits? A. More time in nature always provides greater benefits. B. The benefits level off after about five hours per week. C. The benefits only apply to people living in rural areas. D. The benefits decrease with age. 6.The underlined word “plateaued” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. reached a peak and stopped increasing B. continued to rise steadily C. decreased sharply D. fluctuated unpredictably 7.What public health implication does the study suggest? A. Healthcare providers should replace medication with nature-based activities. B. Nature-based activities could complement traditional medical treatments. C. Green spaces are only beneficial for mental health. D. Urban areas should eliminate parks to reduce maintenance costs. C Deep in the Peruvian Amazon, a team of archaeologists has uncovered a previously unknown ancient city complex that could rewrite the history of pre-Columbian civilization in South America. The site, which researchers have named “Las Sombras” (The Shadows), covers approximately 400 square kilometers and includes monumental structures, plazas, and extensive road networks dating back to around 1000 BC. The discovery was made using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, which uses laser pulses to map the ground surface through dense forest canopy. The scans revealed over 1,000 structures, including pyramid-shaped platforms up to 20 meters tall, circular plazas, and a network of causeways connecting different parts of the city. “We were absolutely stunned by what we found,” said Dr. Sarah Gomez, an archaeologist at Stanford University who led the expedition. “This is one of the largest and oldest urban centers ever discovered in the Amazon.” The city appears to have been inhabited for over 1,500 years before being abandoned around 500 AD. The presence of large public structures suggests a complex social hierarchy with centralized political authority. The researchers found evidence of extensive agriculture, including raised fields and irrigation canals, which supported a population estimated at between 10,000 and 20,000 people—a population density previously thought impossible in the Amazon due to poor soil conditions. The discovery challenges the long-held assumption that the Amazon was sparsely populated before European contact and that its pre-Columbian inhabitants were primarily small bands of hunter-gatherers. “This changes everything we thought we knew about Amazonian civilizations,” said Dr. Gomez. “The Amazon was not an empty wilderness—it was a landscape of cities, agriculture, and sophisticated engineering.” The site is now being prepared for UNESCO World Heritage consideration. The Peruvian government has deployed archaeological teams to protect the site from looting and environmental damage. Ongoing excavations are expected to continue for decades. 8.How was the ancient city discovered? A. Through satellite imaging from space. B. Through LiDAR technology that mapped through the forest canopy. C. Through ground-level excavation by local archaeologists. D. Through aerial photography of the Amazon region. 9.According to the passage, what features of the city were revealed by the LiDAR scans? A. Only small residential structures. B. Pyramid-shaped platforms, circular plazas, and causeways. C. Underground tunnels and burial chambers. D. Large metal statues and monuments. 10.The underlined word “stunned” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. bored B. confused C. amazed D. disappointed 11.Why is the discovery described as “game-changing” in the passage? A. It proves that the Amazon was uninhabited before European contact. B. It challenges the assumption that the Amazon was sparsely populated. C. It shows that Amazonian civilizations were less advanced than previously thought. D. It suggests that the Amazon was colder in ancient times. D More than 100 million Americans are exposed to unhealthy levels of air pollution from particulate matter, according to a 2026 report from the American Lung Association. The finding places the United States among the countries with the worst air quality in the developed world. The report analyzed data from the Environmental Protection Agency’s monitoring network over a five-year period. It found that 115 million people—approximately one in three Americans—live in counties where the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds the EPA‘s safety standard. The highest levels of pollution were concentrated in California’s Central Valley, the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and parts of the southeastern United States. The sources of particulate pollution vary by region. In California, wildfires have become the dominant source of PM2.5 during the summer and fall months, with smoke traveling hundreds of miles and affecting air quality across multiple states. In the Midwest and Northeast, industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust remain the primary contributors. The report also identified agricultural operations and construction as significant sources of dust and particulate matter. The health impacts of particulate pollution are well-documented. Fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, causing respiratory disease, heart problems, and increased risk of stroke. The EPA estimates that exposure to PM2.5 causes approximately 85,000 premature deaths annually in the United States. Children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing conditions are particularly vulnerable. The report calls for stronger federal action to address air quality, including more rigorous emissions standards for industrial sources and expanded monitoring of wildfire smoke. However, the authors acknowledge that the challenges are daunting. “We are making progress in some areas,” said a spokesman for the American Lung Association. “But climate change and increasingly severe wildfires are undermining that progress and threatening to undo decades of work.” 12.According to the passage, how many Americans are exposed to unhealthy levels of particulate pollution? A. Approximately 85,000. B. Approximately 30 million. C. Approximately 100 million. D. Approximately 115 million. 13.According to the report, what is the dominant source of particulate pollution in California? A. Industrial emissions. B. Vehicle exhaust. C. Wildfires. D. Agricultural operations. 14.The underlined word “undermining” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______. A. strengthening B. weakening C. accelerating D. ignoring 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Air Pollution in America B. How Wildfires Are Changing Air Quality C. America‘s Air Quality Crisis and Its Causes D. The Health Effects of Industrial Emissions 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E The concept of the sharing economy has transformed the way people access goods and services, from housing and transportation to tools and skills. However, a growing body of research suggests that while these platforms offer convenience and flexibility, they may also be contributing to inequality and the erosion of worker protections. (16) ______ Platforms like Uber and Airbnb have created new economic opportunities for millions of people, allowing them to earn income from underutilized assets. Yet critics argue that these platforms often bypass traditional labor protections, classifying workers as independent contractors rather than employees. (17) ______ The impact on housing markets has been particularly significant. In many cities, the proliferation of short-term rental platforms has reduced the availability of long-term housing, driving up rents and contributing to the displacement of residents. (18) ______ Some cities have responded by implementing regulations that limit the number of days properties can be rented short-term and require registration with local authorities. The transportation sector has also seen dramatic changes. Ride-hailing services have reduced taxi availability in many neighborhoods, but they have also been blamed for increasing traffic congestion and reducing public transit ridership. (19) ______ The working conditions of gig workers have also come under scrutiny, with many reporting low wages, long hours, and lack of access to benefits. Despite these challenges, the sharing economy continues to grow and evolve. (20) ______ As the sector matures, policymakers, platform operators, and workers are seeking new models that balance flexibility with protection. 选项（A-G）： A. This means they miss out on basic protections like minimum wage and health insurance. B. The sharing economy has been widely praised for its environmental benefits. C. These measures have been supported by housing advocates. D. The sharing economy is a relatively small part of the overall economy. E. Some platforms have begun experimenting with new approaches to worker classification. F. The growth of ride-hailing services has been particularly strong in rural areas. G. Concerns about regulation and worker rights have become central to the debate. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国科学院成功培育出适合盐碱地种植的高产水稻品种“盐海一号”，该品种在盐碱地试种中产量达每公顷6.5吨，有望利用中国约1亿公顷盐碱地中的一部分来提升国家粮食安全。 1. 答案：A 题干句意： 文章描述的主要成就是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕中国科学家成功培育出适合盐碱地种植的水稻新品种“盐海一号”展开。B项“发现新农田”、C项“新灌溉系统”、D项“转基因水稻”均与原文不符（文中明确说明“was developed through conventional breeding techniques”）。故正确答案为A。 2. 答案：D 题干句意： 根据文章，“盐海一号”的一个特点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The rice grains also demonstrated higher protein content and lower heavy metal absorption compared to other salt-tolerant varieties”直接说明其蛋白质含量更高。A项“需水量更大”与“requiring significantly less water”相反；B项“产量与优质农田相当”与“approximately 80 percent”不符；C项“吸收更多重金属”与“lower heavy metal absorption”相反。故正确答案为D。 3. 答案：C 题干句意： 从文章中可以推断出关于中国盐碱地的什么信息？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第三段，“China has approximately 100 million hectares of saline-alkali land, and if even 10 percent of that can be cultivated with varieties like Yanhai No. 1, it would significantly enhance national food security”说明即使利用一小部分盐碱地也能显著提升粮食安全。A项“全部已转为农田”与“previously unproductive”矛盾；B项“大部分在北方”未提及；D项“不适合任何农业”与新品种的成功种植矛盾。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了牛津大学的一项研究——每周至少花两小时在自然环境中与更好的健康和更高的生活满意度相关，研究结果对公共卫生政策有重要意义。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，每周花多少时间在自然环境中与更好的健康相关？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“spending at least two hours per week in nature is linked to better health and psychological well-being”直接说明至少两小时。A项“一小时”、C项“五小时”、D项“十小时”均与原文不符。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，研究揭示了自然接触与健康益处之间的什么关系？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“the positive effects plateaued at around five hours per week, suggesting that while more time in nature is beneficial, there is a threshold beyond which additional time provides diminishing returns”说明健康益处在大约五小时后趋于平稳。A项“时间越多益处越大”与“diminishing returns”矛盾；C项“仅适用于农村居民”与“across all demographic groups”矛盾；D项“随年龄减少”未提及。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“plateaued”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“plateaued”意为“达到稳定期、趋于平稳”。文中“the positive effects plateaued at around five hours per week”指正面效果在约五小时处趋于平稳，不再继续增加。B项“继续稳步上升”、C项“急剧下降”、D项“不可预测地波动”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 研究提出了什么公共卫生启示？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“healthcare providers could consider prescribing nature-based activities as a complement to traditional treatments”说明自然活动可作为传统治疗的补充。A项“应完全替代药物”与“complement”矛盾；C项“仅有益于心理健康”与“health and psychological well-being”不符；D项“城市应拆除公园”与“protection and creation of green spaces”相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家在秘鲁亚马逊雨林中使用LiDAR技术发现了一座约400平方公里的古代城市综合体，可追溯至公元前1000年左右，挑战了亚马逊在欧洲人到来之前人口稀少的传统假设。 8. 答案：B 题干句意： 这座古城是如何被发现的？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The discovery was made using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, which uses laser pulses to map the ground surface through dense forest canopy”直接说明使用LiDAR技术发现。A项“卫星成像”、C项“地面发掘”、D项“航空摄影”均与原文不符。故正确答案为B。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，LiDAR扫描揭示了城市的哪些特征？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“The scans revealed over 1,000 structures, including pyramid-shaped platforms up to 20 meters tall, circular plazas, and a network of causeways”直接说明发现了金字塔形平台、圆形广场和堤道网络。A项“仅小型住宅”、C项“地下隧道”、D项“大型金属雕像”均未提及。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：C 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“stunned”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“stunned”意为“震惊的、惊讶的”。文中“We were absolutely stunned by what we found”表示研究人员对发现的巨大规模和重要性感到震惊。A项“无聊的”、B项“困惑的”、D项“失望的”均不符合。故正确答案为C。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 为什么这一发现被描述为“改变游戏规则的”？ 解析： 本题考查推理判断。根据第四段，“The discovery challenges the long-held assumption that the Amazon was sparsely populated before European contact”直接说明该发现挑战了亚马逊人口稀少的传统假设。A项“证明无人居住”与“cities, agriculture, and sophisticated engineering”矛盾；C项“文明更落后”与“sophisticated”矛盾；D项“气候更冷”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国肺脏协会2026年的报告——约1.15亿美国人暴露在不健康的颗粒物污染水平下，分析了污染的来源、健康影响以及气候变化带来的挑战。 12. 答案：D 题干句意： 根据文章，有多少美国人暴露在不健康的颗粒物污染水平下？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“115 million people—approximately one in three Americans—live in counties where the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds the EPA‘s safety standard”直接说明约1.15亿人。A项“约85,000”是每年因PM2.5过早死亡的人数；B项“约3000万”与“one in three”不符；C项“约1亿”与“115 million”不符。故正确答案为D。 13. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据报告，加利福尼亚州颗粒物污染的主要来源是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“In California, wildfires have become the dominant source of PM2.5 during the summer and fall months”直接说明野火是主要来源。A项“工业排放”、B项“汽车尾气”是中西部和东北部的主要来源；D项“农业活动”是另一个来源但不是加州主要来源。故正确答案为C。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 最后一段中画线单词“undermining”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“undermining”意为“削弱、损害”。文中“climate change and increasingly severe wildfires are undermining that progress”指气候变化和野火正在削弱取得的进展。A项“加强”、C项“加速”、D项“忽视”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：C 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕美国空气污染危机及其原因展开——污染范围和人口影响、污染来源（野火、工业、交通）、健康影响以及气候变化带来的挑战。A项“美国空气污染史”过于宽泛；B项“野火如何改变空气质量”只是部分内容；D项“工业排放的健康影响”过于狭窄。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，分析了共享经济在带来便利和灵活性的同时，也可能加剧不平等、削弱工人保护，特别是在住房和交通领域引发的争议，以及各方寻求平衡新模式的努力。 16. 答案：G 题干句意： 共享经济的概念已经改变了人们获取商品和服务的方式。然而，越来越多的研究表明，这些平台虽然提供了便利和灵活性，但也可能加剧不平等和削弱工人保护。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句提出共享经济可能带来的负面影响，G项“对监管和工人权利的担忧已成为辩论的核心”承接前文，指出这些担忧在讨论中的核心地位，引出后文具体分析。故正确答案为G。 17. 答案：A 题干句意： 优步和爱彼迎等平台为数百万人创造了新的经济机会。然而，批评者认为这些平台常常绕过传统的劳工保护，将工人归类为独立承包商而非雇员。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提到工人被归类为独立承包商，A项“这意味着他们无法获得最低工资和医疗保险等基本保护”解释了该分类的后果，与后文“erosion of worker protections”呼应。故正确答案为A。 18. 答案：C 题干句意： 对住房市场的影响尤为显著。在许多城市，短租平台的激增减少了长期住房的供应，推高了租金并导致居民流离失所。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句描述短租平台带来的负面影响，C项“这些措施得到了住房倡导者的支持”承接前文，引出后文“Some cities have responded by implementing regulations”的具体措施。故正确答案为C。 19. 答案：E 题干句意： 交通行业也经历了巨大变化。网约车服务减少了许多社区出租车的可用性，但也被指责增加了交通拥堵和减少了公共交通乘客量。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句讨论网约车服务的负面影响，E项“一些平台已经开始尝试新的工人分类方法”可作为后文“seeking new models that balance flexibility with protection”的铺垫，与后文关于工人状况的讨论衔接。故正确答案为E。 20. 答案：D 题干句意： 尽管面临这些挑战，共享经济仍在持续增长和演变。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查结论句。前句指出共享经济持续发展，D项“共享经济在整个经济中占比相对较小”可作为现状补充，后文“as the sector matures”引出对未来的展望。故正确答案为D。 多余选项： B（共享经济因其环保效益而被广泛赞誉——文中未讨论环境效益）、F（网约车服务在农村地区增长尤为强劲——与“ride-hailing services”相关但文中未提及农村地区） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The research team used a combination of traditional cross-breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection to develop the variety, which took over a decade to complete, and the team has already begun work on the next generation, aiming to increase yields to 8 tons per hectare while further reducing water requirements.” 翻译： 研究团队结合传统杂交育种和分子标记辅助选择技术来培育该品种，这一过程耗时十多年，团队已开始下一代品种的研发工作，目标是将产量提高到每公顷8吨，同时进一步减少用水需求。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列复合句，包含非限制性定语从句和现在分词短语作状语。 第一分句：The research team（主语）used（谓语）a combination of traditional cross-breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection（宾语）to develop the variety（不定式短语作目的状语） 非限制性定语从句：, which took over a decade to complete（which指代前面整个开发过程） 第二分句：and the team（主语）has already begun（谓语）work（宾语）on the next generation（介词短语作定语） 现在分词短语作目的状语：, aiming to increase yields to 8 tons per hectare while further reducing water requirements（aiming的逻辑主语为the team） 2. 原句： “The report analyzed data from the Environmental Protection Agency‘s monitoring network over a five-year period, finding that 115 million people live in counties where the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter exceeds the EPA’s safety standard, and that the highest levels of pollution are concentrated in California‘s Central Valley, the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and parts of the southeastern United States.” 翻译： 该报告分析了美国环境保护署监测网络五年间的数据，发现1.15亿人居住在细颗粒物年平均浓度超过EPA安全标准的县，且污染最严重的地区集中在加利福尼亚中央谷地、洛杉矶大都市区和美国东南部部分地区。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含现在分词短语作结果状语和两个并列的宾语从句。 主句：The report（主语）analyzed（谓语）data（宾语）from the Environmental Protection Agency‘s monitoring network（介词短语作定语）over a five-year period（时间状语） 现在分词短语作结果状语：, finding that...（finding的逻辑主语为The report） 第一个宾语从句：that 115 million people live in counties...（作finding的宾语） 定语从句：where the annual average concentration... exceeds...（修饰counties） 第二个宾语从句：and that the highest levels of pollution are concentrated in...（与第一个宾语从句并列，作finding的宾语） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $