11-英文刊物拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦外刊主题的阅读理解专项，通过分类题型解析构建细节定位、词义猜测、主旨归纳及逻辑衔接的系统解题方法，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |选择题（A-D篇）|15题（含细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意等）|细节题“直接定位原文”、词义题“上下文语境推断”、主旨题“全文核心内容概括”|外刊主题（环保材料/AI/生物发现/双语认知）与高考高频题型对应，形成“主题-题型-解法”逻辑链| |七选五（E篇）|5题|段落衔接“上下文呼应”、逻辑关系“因果/例证”|数字游牧主义话题中，通过“优势-挑战-趋势”结构训练语篇逻辑分析能力|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A new type of biodegradable packaging material made from mushroom roots is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to plastic foam. The material, developed by a team of researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is produced by growing mycelium—the root structure of mushrooms—on agricultural waste such as corn stalks and rice husks. The mycelium grows rapidly, forming a dense network that binds the waste materials together. Within a week, the mixture can be molded into any shape and then dried to create a lightweight, durable material that is fully biodegradable. “This is not just a lab experiment,” said Dr. Li Wei, lead researcher on the project. “We have already scaled up production to commercial levels.” The packaging material has several advantages over traditional plastic foam. It is fire-resistant, provides excellent insulation, and can decompose in soil within 30 to 60 days, leaving no toxic residues. In contrast, plastic foam can take hundreds of years to break down and releases harmful chemicals as it degrades. The team is now working with several major e-commerce companies to test the material for shipping packaging. Early results have been promising, with the material performing well in durability tests. However, the cost of production remains slightly higher than traditional plastic foam, though researchers expect costs to fall as production scales up further. “The global packaging market is worth over $1 trillion, and the demand for sustainable alternatives is growing rapidly,” said Dr. Li. “We believe this material has the potential to replace a significant portion of plastic packaging in the coming years.” 1.According to the passage, what is the main advantage of the mushroom-based packaging material? A. It is cheaper than plastic foam. B. It is biodegradable and leaves no toxic residues. C. It can be produced in any shape. D. It is stronger than plastic foam. 2.How long does the mushroom-based packaging material take to decompose in soil? A. 7 days. B. 30 to 60 days. C. Several years. D. Hundreds of years. 3.What is the current challenge facing the commercialization of this material? A. It cannot be produced in large quantities. B. It is not strong enough for shipping. C. The production cost is still slightly higher than plastic foam. D. It is not fire-resistant. B The rise of generative artificial intelligence has sparked a global debate about the future of human creativity. While some fear that AI will replace human artists, writers, and musicians, a growing number of researchers argue that AI could actually enhance human creativity by serving as a tool for inspiration and exploration. A recent study conducted at the University of California found that artists who used AI tools to generate initial ideas reported higher levels of creative output than those who worked without AI assistance. The researchers divided 100 artists into two groups: one group was given access to an AI image generator, while the other worked with traditional methods. Both groups were asked to create a series of artworks over a four-week period. The results were striking. The AI-assisted group produced 40 percent more artwork than the control group, and independent judges rated their work as more innovative. “AI helped artists break out of creative blocks and explore directions they might not have considered,” said Dr. Emma Chen, the lead researcher. “It’s not about replacing human creativity—it‘s about expanding it.” However, the study also found that the most successful artists were those who used AI as a starting point rather than relying on it for final output. “The best work came from artists who used AI to generate rough concepts and then refined them by hand,” said Dr. Chen. “AI is a tool, not a substitute.” The study has implications for education and industry. Some schools are already incorporating AI tools into their art and design curricula, while creative industries are exploring how AI can streamline production processes. But critics warn that over-reliance on AI could lead to homogenization of creative work. “The danger is that if everyone uses the same AI tools, the work might start to look similar,” said Dr. Chen. “That’s why it‘s important to maintain a balance.” 4.According to the study, what effect did AI assistance have on artists’ productivity? A. It decreased productivity by 40 percent. B. It increased productivity by 40 percent. C. It had no effect on productivity. D. It only helped experienced artists. 5.According to paragraph 3, how did independent judges rate the AI-assisted artworks? A. They rated them as less creative. B. They rated them as more innovative. C. They could not tell the difference. D. They preferred the traditional artworks. 6.The underlined word “homogenization” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______. A. becoming more diverse B. becoming more similar C. becoming more creative D. becoming more expensive 7.What is the author‘s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that AI will replace human artists. B. To present research on how AI can enhance creativity. C. To criticize the use of AI in art. D. To promote a new AI art tool. C In the mountain forests of the Philippines, a team of biologists has discovered a new species of bird that has remained hidden from science for centuries. The bird, which has been named the“Luzon ghost owl,” is a small owl with distinctive white markings that allow it to blend seamlessly into the moss-covered trees of its habitat. The discovery was made during a 2024 expedition to the Sierra Madre mountain range, one of the most biodiverse but least explored regions in Southeast Asia. The researchers were initially studying the effects of deforestation on native bird populations when they heard an unfamiliar call. After weeks of observation, they confirmed that the call belonged to a previously unknown species. “Finding a new species of bird is rare enough, but finding one in the Philippines is particularly exciting,” said Dr. Maria Santos, lead author of the study published in the Journal of Avian Biology. “The Philippines is one of the world‘s biodiversity hotspots, but it also has one of the highest rates of deforestation. Every new discovery reminds us of what we stand to lose.” The Luzon ghost owl is believed to be critically endangered. The researchers estimate that fewer than 1,000 individuals remain in the wild, and their habitat is rapidly shrinking due to logging and agricultural expansion. The team is now working with local conservation groups to establish protected areas and develop a monitoring program. The discovery has generated excitement among birdwatchers and conservationists worldwide. However, the researchers caution against making the location public to prevent a rush of visitors that could disturb the birds. “We need to balance the excitement of discovery with the responsibility of conservation,” said Dr. Santos. 8.Where was the new bird species discovered? A. In the Amazon rainforest. B. In the mountain forests of the Philippines. C. In the forests of Madagascar. D. In the mountains of Peru. 9.According to paragraph 2, how was the bird discovered? A. The researchers saw it during a routine survey. B. The researchers heard an unfamiliar call and investigated. C. A local hunter brought a specimen to the researchers. D. The researchers discovered it in a museum collection. 10.The underlined word “biodiversity” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the variety of plant and animal life B. the destruction of natural habitats C. the extinction of species D. the study of birds 11.Why do the researchers caution against making the bird‘s location public? A. To prevent the bird from being hunted. B. To avoid disturbing the birds with too many visitors. C. To keep the discovery secret from other scientists. D. To protect the research site from logging companies. D A recent study from Stanford University has found that the cognitive benefits of bilingualism may extend beyond language processing to include improved executive function—the set of mental skills that help us plan, focus, and multitask. The research, published in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, compared the brain activity of bilingual and monolingual adults using functional MRI scans. The study involved 120 participants, half of whom were bilingual and half monolingual. All participants were asked to complete a series of tasks that required attention switching and inhibitory control—the ability to suppress automatic responses. The bilingual participants consistently performed better on these tasks, and their brain scans showed greater activity in the prefrontal cortex, a region associated with executive function. “The bilingual brain is constantly managing two language systems, which requires it to suppress one language while using the other,” said Dr. Sarah Kim, lead author of the study. “This exercise appears to strengthen the brain’s executive control networks.” The study also found that the benefits were most pronounced in those who had become bilingual at an early age and who regularly used both languages. “It‘s not just about knowing two languages—it’s about actively using them,” said Dr. Kim. “The brain benefits from the cognitive workout of switching between languages.” The findings have implications for education and aging. Some researchers suggest that early bilingual education could enhance cognitive development in children, while others are exploring whether bilingualism could delay the onset of dementia in older adults. However, Dr. Kim cautions against oversimplifying the results. “Bilingualism is just one factor among many that influence cognitive health,” she said. 12.According to the study, what cognitive benefit do bilingual individuals have? A. They have better memory than monolingual individuals. B. They have improved executive function. C. They have faster reaction times. D. They have better visual processing. 13.According to paragraph 2, what was observed in the brain scans of bilingual participants? A. Less activity in the prefrontal cortex. B. More activity in the prefrontal cortex. C. No difference from monolingual participants. D. Increased activity in the language centers only. 14.The underlined phrase “inhibitory control” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. the ability to respond quickly B. the ability to suppress automatic responses C. the ability to memorize information D. the ability to learn new languages 15.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Decline of Bilingualism in America B. How Bilingualism Strengthens the Brain C. The History of Language Learning D. Why Children Should Learn One Language 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E The rise of digital nomadism—working remotely while traveling the world—has been one of the most significant workplace trends of the 2020s. Enabled by advances in technology and accelerated by the pandemic, millions of people have embraced a lifestyle that combines work with travel. (16) ______ Flexibility is the primary draw for most digital nomads. The ability to choose one‘s location, schedule, and working environment creates a sense of autonomy that traditional office jobs rarely provide. (17) ______ For many, the experience of living in different cultures, meeting new people, and exploring unfamiliar places is deeply fulfilling. However, the lifestyle is not without its challenges. Loneliness is a common complaint, as the transient nature of the lifestyle makes forming lasting relationships difficult. (18) ______ The lack of routine and the pressure to maintain productivity in unfamiliar surroundings can also lead to burnout. The financial realities of digital nomadism are often overlooked. While the cost of living in some destinations is low, the cost of travel, accommodation, and reliable internet can add up quickly. (19) ______ Health insurance, retirement savings, and other benefits that are typically provided by employers are often absent. Despite these challenges, the digital nomad movement continues to grow. (20) ______ As remote work becomes more widely accepted, digital nomads are likely to become an increasingly important segment of the global workforce. 选项（A-G）： A. Remote workers can choose a comfortable and well-equipped workspace. B. Many nomads also find that the freedom comes with a price. C. This sense of freedom is often accompanied by a sense of purpose. D. The financial instability of gig work is a major concern for many. E. Countries are also beginning to recognize the economic potential of this group. F. For example, some nomads find themselves working longer hours than in a traditional job. G. Many digital nomads are young professionals seeking adventure. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中科院研究团队开发的一种基于蘑菇菌丝体的可降解包装材料，该材料利用农业废弃物生产，可在30-60天内降解，不产生有毒残留物，有望替代塑料泡沫。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，基于蘑菇的包装材料的主要优势是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“can decompose in soil within 30 to 60 days, leaving no toxic residues”直接说明其可生物降解且不产生有毒残留物。A项“比塑料泡沫便宜”与“cost of production remains slightly higher”矛盾；C项“可制成任何形状”是特点但不是主要优势；D项“比塑料泡沫更坚固”未提及。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 基于蘑菇的包装材料在土壤中分解需要多长时间？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“can decompose in soil within 30 to 60 days”直接说明30到60天。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：C 题干句意： 这种材料商业化面临什么挑战？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第四段，“the cost of production remains slightly higher than traditional plastic foam”直接说明生产成本仍略高于塑料泡沫。A项“无法大规模生产”与“scaled up production to commercial levels”矛盾；B项“不够坚固”与“performing well in durability tests”矛盾；D项“不防火”与“fire-resistant”矛盾。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加州大学的一项研究——使用AI工具辅助创作的艺术家比不使用AI的艺术家产出高出40%，且作品被评委认为更具创新性，但研究者强调AI是工具而非替代品。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，AI辅助对艺术家的创作效率有什么影响？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“The AI-assisted group produced 40 percent more artwork than the control group”直接说明产出提高了40%。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第三段，独立评委如何评价AI辅助的艺术作品？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“independent judges rated their work as more innovative”直接说明评委认为AI辅助的作品更具创新性。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：B 题干句意： 第五段中画线单词“homogenization”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“homogenization”意为“同质化”。文中“The danger is that if everyone uses the same AI tools, the work might start to look similar”直接解释了同质化的含义。A项“更多样化”、C项“更有创造力”、D项“更昂贵”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 作者写这篇文章的主要目的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查写作目的。全文围绕AI如何增强人类创造力的研究展开。A项“替代人类”与文意相反；C项“批评AI”与“enhance human creativity”矛盾；D项“推广新工具”不是主要目的。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在菲律宾吕宋岛山区发现的一种新鸟类——“吕宋幽灵猫头鹰”，该物种濒临灭绝，研究人员正在与当地保护组织合作建立保护区。 8. 答案：B 题干句意： 新鸟类物种在哪里被发现？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“In the mountain forests of the Philippines”直接说明发现地点。故正确答案为B。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，鸟类是如何被发现的？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“they heard an unfamiliar call. After weeks of observation, they confirmed that the call belonged to a previously unknown species”直接说明研究人员听到了不熟悉的叫声并进行了调查。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：A 题干句意： 第三段中画线单词“biodiversity”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“biodiversity”意为“生物多样性”，指植物和动物生命的多样性。故正确答案为A。 11. 答案：B 题干句意： 研究人员为什么警告不要公开鸟类的具体位置？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据最后一段，“to prevent a rush of visitors that could disturb the birds”直接说明是为了避免过多游客打扰鸟类。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学的研究——双语者在执行功能（计划、专注、多任务处理）方面优于单语者，双语者大脑前额叶皮层活动更活跃，早期并经常使用双语效果更佳。 12. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据研究，双语者有什么认知优势？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“the cognitive benefits of bilingualism may extend beyond language processing to include improved executive function”直接说明双语者具有改善的执行功能。故正确答案为B。 13. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据第二段，双语者的大脑扫描显示了什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“their brain scans showed greater activity in the prefrontal cortex”直接说明前额叶皮层活动更多。故正确答案为B。 14. 答案：B 题干句意： 第二段中画线短语“inhibitory control”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“inhibitory control”意为“抑制控制”。文中定义为“the ability to suppress automatic responses”，即抑制自动反应的能力。故正确答案为B。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕双语如何增强大脑功能展开。A项“双语在美国的衰退”未提及；C项“语言学习史”未提及；D项“孩子应学一种语言”与文意相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了数字游牧主义的兴起——远程工作与旅行结合的生活方式，分析了其吸引力（灵活性、文化体验）和挑战（孤独、财务不稳定、工作与生活界限模糊）。 16. 答案：C 题干句意： 数字游牧主义已成为2020年代最重要的职场趋势之一。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句引入数字游牧主义，C项“这种自由感往往伴随着目标感”承接前文，指出该生活方式除了自由还有更深层的意义，与后文“fulfilling”呼应。故正确答案为C。 17. 答案：G 题干句意： 灵活性是大多数数字游民的主要吸引力。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句提到灵活性，G项“许多数字游民是寻求冒险的年轻专业人士”具体说明了数字游民的人群特征，与后文“living in different cultures, meeting new people”衔接。故正确答案为G。 18. 答案：F 题干句意： 孤独是常见的抱怨。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提到孤独和建立持久关系的困难，F项“例如，一些游民发现自己的工作比传统工作更长”具体说明了另一个挑战——工作与生活界限模糊，与后文“burnout”衔接。故正确答案为F。 19. 答案：D 题干句意： 数字游牧的财务现实常被忽视。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句提到旅行、住宿和网络费用，D项“零工工作的财务不稳定是许多人的主要担忧”承接前文财务话题，指出收入不稳定的问题，与后文“benefits that are typically provided by employers are often absent”衔接。故正确答案为D。 20. 答案：E 题干句意： 尽管面临这些挑战，数字游牧运动仍在继续增长。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查逻辑衔接。前句指出数字游牧仍在增长，E项“各国也开始认识到这一群体的经济潜力”说明政府层面对这一趋势的认可，为文章作结。故正确答案为E。 多余选项： A（远程工作者可以选择舒适且设备齐全的工作空间——文中未提及）、B（许多游民发现自由伴随着代价——虽有道理但与具体空位衔接不紧密） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The material, developed by a team of researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is produced by growing mycelium—the root structure of mushrooms—on agricultural waste such as corn stalks and rice husks, which can be molded into any shape and then dried to create a lightweight, durable material that is fully biodegradable.” 翻译： 这种材料由中国科学院的一个研究团队开发，通过在玉米秸秆和稻壳等农业废弃物上培养菌丝体（蘑菇的根部结构）来生产，菌丝体可以被塑造成任何形状，然后干燥形成一种轻质、耐用且完全可生物降解的材料。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含过去分词短语作插入语、定语从句和“which”引导的非限制性定语从句。 主句：The material（主语）is produced（谓语） 插入语：developed by a team of researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences（过去分词短语作定语，修饰material） 方式状语：by growing mycelium on agricultural waste（介词短语作方式状语） 插入语：—the root structure of mushrooms—（对mycelium的解释说明） 举例：such as corn stalks and rice husks 定语从句1：which can be molded into any shape and then dried（修饰mycelium） 定语从句2：that is fully biodegradable（修饰material） 2. 原句： “The bilingual brain is constantly managing two language systems, which requires it to suppress one language while using the other, and this exercise appears to strengthen the brain’s executive control networks, which are responsible for functions such as planning, focusing attention, and multitasking.” 翻译： 双语大脑不断管理两种语言系统，这需要它在使用一种语言时抑制另一种语言，而这种练习似乎加强了大脑的执行控制网络，后者负责计划、集中注意力和多任务处理等功能。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含非限制性定语从句和定语从句。 第一分句：The bilingual brain（主语）is constantly managing（谓语）two language systems（宾语） 非限制性定语从句1：, which requires it to suppress one language while using the other（which指代前面整句内容） 并列连词：and 第二分句：this exercise（主语）appears to strengthen（谓语）the brain‘s executive control networks（宾语） 非限制性定语从句2：, which are responsible for functions such as planning, focusing attention, and multitasking（which指代executive control networks） 3. 原句： “A recent study from Stanford University has found that the cognitive benefits of bilingualism may extend beyond language processing to include improved executive function—the set of mental skills that help us plan, focus, and multitask—and that the benefits are most pronounced in those who became bilingual at an early age and who regularly use both languages.” 翻译： 斯坦福大学的一项最新研究发现，双语对认知的益处可能超越语言处理，扩展到改善执行功能——一套帮助我们计划、专注和多任务处理的心理技能——并且这些益处在早期成为双语者并经常使用两种语言的人身上最为显著。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含两个并列的宾语从句和定语从句。 主句：A recent study from Stanford University（主语）has found（谓语） 第一个宾语从句：that the cognitive benefits of bilingualism may extend beyond language processing to include improved executive function（作found的宾语1） 插入语：—the set of mental skills that help us plan, focus, and multitask—（对executive function的解释说明） 定语从句：that help us plan, focus, and multitask（修饰skills） 第二个宾语从句：and that the benefits are most pronounced in those who became bilingual at an early age and who regularly use both languages（作found的宾语2） 定语从句1：who became bilingual at an early age（修饰those） 定语从句2：who regularly use both languages（修饰those） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $