专题01 Unit 1 Growing up-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语外研版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案围绕12个高考高频词汇（如legal, mature, consequence等）构建考点体系，以“明明成年”语境语篇为线索串联知识点，通过词根拆解、词性变化总表等系统梳理词形、词义及高考考点，引导学生在任务驱动（如语法填空、默写练习）中自主构建词汇网络，提升语言理解与表达能力。 亮点在于自主学习支持与思维品质培养，设置语境复现语法填空、自我检测复述模板等工具，学生可通过关联阅读和写作词汇升级实现自主诊断与提升。学案注重词根联想与辨析对比，助力学生形成个性化记忆策略，教师可依托学情数据实施精准指导，有效培养学生自主复习能力与思维层次。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：legal / mature / selfish / approve / consequence / tax / integrity / virtue / licence / milestone / election / wage （知识点来源：选修二 Unit 1 · Growing up + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 10 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 11 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last month, my cousin Ming turned eighteen, which is a legal milestone in our country: he can now vote, drive and sign contracts by himself. At the family dinner, my uncle told him that being an adult is not just about freedom, but about facing the consequence of every decision. He reminded Ming that from now on, he must pay tax on his wages and keep a clean record. Ming felt both proud and a little nervous, because he knew that adults are expected to behave in a mature way, even when no one is watching. My aunt added that true adulthood is built on integrity, and that honesty is the greatest virtue a person can have. She said a selfish person may win small things, but an honest person wins the trust of others. At the school election a few days later, Ming decided to be a candidate and promised that, if the students approved his plan, he would use the class fund more fairly. He also applied for his driving licence, and he studied the traffic rules for two whole weeks. Everyone said that he had truly started to grow up. 【中文译文】 上个月，我的表哥明明满十八岁了，在我们国家这是一个合法的（legal）里程碑（milestone）：他现在可以自己投票、开车和签合同。在家庭晚宴上，叔叔告诉他，成年不只意味着自由，还意味着要面对每一个决定带来的后果（consequence）。他提醒明明，从现在起，他必须为自己的工资（wage）纳税（tax），并保持清白的记录。明明既自豪又有点紧张，因为他知道成年人被期望以成熟（mature）的方式行事，即使没有人看着的时候也是如此。 阿姨补充说，真正的成年建立在正直（integrity）之上，诚实是一个人能拥有的最伟大的美德（virtue）。她说自私（selfish）的人可能赢得小利，但诚实的人赢得他人的信任。几天后的学校选举（election）中，明明决定参选，并承诺如果同学们批准（approve）他的方案，他会更公平地使用班费。他还申请了驾驶执照（licence），并花了两周时间学习交通规则。大家都说他真的开始长大了。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：年满十八→合法里程碑→能投票开车→面对每个决定的结果→为工资纳税→成熟行事→成年建立在正直上→诚实是最伟大的美德→自私者只赢小利→参加学校选举→同学批准方案→申请驾照→真的开始长大 记忆链：legal → milestone → consequence → tax → wage → mature → integrity → virtue → selfish → election → approve → licence Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 法律的；合法的 ⚡考点：legal protection 法律保护；it is legal to do 做…是合法的；illegal adj. 非法的；legally adv. 合法地 2 mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ adj. 成熟的 v. 成熟 ⚡考点：a mature person 成熟的人；mature in thinking 思想成熟；maturity n. 成熟；immature adj. 不成熟的 3 selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，利己的 ⚡考点：a selfish person 自私的人；be selfish about 对…自私；selfishness n. 自私；selfless adj. 无私的 4 approve /əˈpruːv/ v. 批准，同意；赞成 ⚡考点：approve of 赞成；approve the plan 批准计划；approval n. 批准；approving adj. 赞成的 5 consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果 ⚡考点：the consequence of …的后果；face the consequence 面对后果；as a consequence 结果；consequent adj. 随之发生的 6 tax /tæks/ n. 税，税款 vt. 对…征税 ⚡考点：pay tax on 为…纳税；income tax 所得税；tax sb. on 对…征税；taxation n. 征税 7 integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直，诚实；完整 ⚡考点：a man of integrity 正直的人；with integrity 正直地；the integrity of 的完整性 8 virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；优点 ⚡考点：a virtue of …的优点；by virtue of 凭借；virtuous adj. 有道德的；patience is a virtue 耐心是一种美德 9 licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n. 执照，许可证 ⚡考点：a driving licence 驾驶执照；apply for a licence 申请执照；license v. 发许可证给 10 milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ n. 里程碑；重要事件 ⚡考点：a milestone in …的里程碑；reach a milestone 达到里程碑；an important milestone 重要的里程碑 11 election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举，推选 ⚡考点：a general election 大选；win the election 赢得选举；elect v. 选举；elect sb. as 选举某人为 12 wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资，报酬 ⚡考点：wages（常用复数）工资；wage levels 工资水平；the minimum wage 最低工资 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 法律的；合法的 【核心考点】 legal是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①法律的——legal protection（法律保护）、legal system（法律体系）；②合法的——it is legal to do（做…是合法的）——It is legal to drive at eighteen；③legal advice（法律建议）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：illegal adj. 非法的（反义）；legally adv. 合法地；legalize v. 使合法化。辨析：legal（合法的，与法律相关）vs lawful（合法的，合乎法律的）vs legitimate（合法的，合理的）vs valid（有效的）。写作金句：Freedom is sweet, but it always comes with legal duties（自由是甜蜜的，但它总伴随着法律责任）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语lex"法律"→ legalis"法律的"→ 法律的。联想：leg"法律"→ legal（法律的）、illegal（非法的）、legislation（立法）、legislator（立法者）、legacy（遗产→法律留下的）。记住：leg=law，legal即"合法"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：legal还可表示"（与）法律（有关）的，法律上的"，如a legal document（法律文件）。此义中legal强调"法律层面的"，与"合法的"语义相通。 【真题原句】 （2023·全国乙卷·阅读C·legal 形容词作定语）"The US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted."（美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊移出保护名录，这将放松法律保护并允许捕猎它们。）（真题原句·legal 法律的） 【搭配词块】 legal protection 法律保护 / the legal system 法律体系 / it is legal to do 做…是合法的 / illegal adj. 非法的 2. mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ adj. 成熟的 v. 成熟 【核心考点】 mature是记叙文与议论文的高频形容词兼动词。形容词用法要点：①（人）成熟的，理智的——a mature person（成熟的人）、be mature in thinking（思想成熟）；②（果实、酒）成熟的——mature wine（陈酿）。动词用法：成熟——Children mature at different ages。派生词是语法填空高频考点：maturity n. 成熟→ reach maturity（达到成熟）；immature adj. 不成熟的（反义）；maturely adv. 成熟地。辨析：mature（成熟的，理智的）vs ripe（熟的，指果实）vs grown-up（成年的）vs adult（成年的）。写作金句：Growing up means learning to act mature before you feel mature（长大意味着学会在感觉成熟之前就成熟地行事）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语maturus"成熟的，及时的"→ 成熟。联想：matur"熟"→ mature（成熟的）、maturity（成熟）、immature（不成熟的）、maturation（成熟过程）、morning（早晨→成熟的时刻）。记住：matur=熟。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mature作动词可表示"（保险、投资）到期"，如The policy matures in ten years（这份保单十年后到期）。此义出现在金融与法律类语篇中。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Ming felt both proud and a little nervous, because he knew that adults are expected to behave in a mature way, even when no one is watching."（明明既自豪又有点紧张，因为他知道成年人被期望以成熟的方式行事，即使没有人看着的时候也是如此。）（经典原句·mature 成熟的） 【搭配词块】 a mature person 成熟的人 / be mature in thinking 思想成熟 / maturity n. 成熟 / immature adj. 不成熟的 3. selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，利己的 【核心考点】 selfish是记叙文与议论文的高频形容词，常含贬义。用法要点：①自私的——a selfish person（自私的人）、be selfish about（对…自私）；②selfish behaviour（自私的行为）。派生词：selfishness n. 自私；selfless adj. 无私的（反义）→ selfless devotion（无私的奉献）；selfishly adv. 自私地。辨析：selfish（自私的，只顾自己的）vs greedy（贪婪的）vs mean（吝啬的）vs narrow-minded（心胸狭隘的）。写作金句：A selfish person asks what others can do for him; a wise one asks what he can do for others（自私的人问别人能为他做什么，明智的人问他能为别人做什么）。 【词根联想】 self（自己）+ -ish（形容词后缀，表"…的"）→ 只想着自己的→ 自私的。联想：self"自己"→ selfish（只为自己→自私）、selfishness（自私）、selfless（无私的）、self-confidence（自信）、self-control（自制）。记住：self + ish = 只有自己。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：selfish意义稳定，无生义。注意其反义词selfless（无私的）与unselfish（不自私的）都是高考词汇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A selfish person may win small things, but an honest person wins the trust of others, and trust lasts far longer than any prize."（自私的人可能赢得小利，但诚实的人赢得他人的信任，而信任比任何奖赏都持久。）（经典原句·selfish 自私的） 【搭配词块】 a selfish person 自私的人 / be selfish about 对…自私 / selfishness n. 自私 / selfless adj. 无私的 4. approve /əˈpruːv/ v. 批准，同意；赞成 【核心考点】 approve是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①批准，同意——approve the plan（批准计划）、approve the proposal（同意提议）；②赞成——approve of（赞成，认可）——Her parents approved of her decision；③be approved by（被…批准）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：approval n. 批准；赞成→ give one's approval（表示同意）、with approval（赞许地）；disapprove v. 不赞成（反义）。辨析：approve（批准；赞成，较正式）vs agree to（同意，接受）vs support（支持）vs favour（赞同）。写作金句：The plan will only work if the whole class approves it（只有全班批准，这个计划才能实施）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语approbare"赞同"（ad-"向"+probare"证明"）→ 认为好→ 赞成。联想：prob"证明"→ approve（认为好→赞成）、approval（批准）、prove（证明）、probable（可能的→可证明的）、probe（探测→求证）。记住：ad + prove = 认为好而认可。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：approve还可表示"（正式）批准，通过（法律、计划）"，如The city council approved the new building plan（市议会批准了新建筑计划）。此义常见于新闻语体。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Ming promised that, if the students approved his plan, he would use the class fund more fairly and report every single yuan."（明明承诺，如果同学们批准他的方案，他会更公平地使用班费，并报告每一分钱的去向。）（经典原句·approve 批准） 【搭配词块】 approve the plan 批准计划 / approve of 赞成 / approval n. 批准；赞成 / with approval 赞许地 5. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果 【核心考点】 consequence是议论文与说明文的高频名词。用法要点：①结果，后果——the consequence of（…的后果）、face the consequence（面对后果）；②as a consequence（结果）——As a consequence, many birds left the area；③in consequence（因此）；④of little/no consequence（无关紧要的）。派生词：consequent adj. 随之发生的；consequently adv. 因此→ Consequently, the plan was cancelled。辨析是高考重点：consequence（后果，多指随之而来的结果，可含贬义）vs result（结果，中性）vs outcome（结果，结局）vs effect（效果，影响）。写作金句：Every adult must face the consequence of every decision they make（每个成年人都必须面对自己所做每个决定的后果）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语consequi"跟随"（con-"一起"+sequi"跟随"）→ 跟着来的东西→ 结果。联想：sequ"跟随"→ consequence（跟随而来→结果）、consequently（因此）、sequence（序列→一个跟一个）、subsequent（随后的）、follow（跟随）。记住：con + sequence = 随之而来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：consequence还可表示"重要性，重大意义"，如It is of no consequence（这无关紧要）。此义中consequence用of+consequence结构。 【真题原句】 （2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·consequence 名词作宾语）"Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions."（允许孩子们想吃什么就吃什么，也让他们面对自己决定带来的自然结果。）（真题原句·consequence 结果） 【搭配词块】 the consequence of …的后果 / face the consequence 面对后果 / as a consequence 结果 / consequently adv. 因此 6. tax /tæks/ n. 税，税款 vt. 对…征税 【核心考点】 tax是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①税，税款——pay tax on（为…纳税）、income tax（所得税）、the sugar tax（糖税）；②tax on（对…征的税）。动词用法：对…征税——tax sb./sth. on（对…征税）。派生词：taxation n. 征税，税收；taxpayer n. 纳税人。辨析：tax（税，国家征收）vs duty（关税；义务）vs tariff（关税，税率）vs fee（费用）。写作金句：A fair tax system is the foundation of a fair society（公平的税收制度是公平社会的基础）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语taxare"评估，估定"（tangere"触摸"）→ 评估价值→ 征税。联想：tax"估"→ tax（税→评估征收）、taxation（征税）、taxi（出租车→按里程计费）、tact（机智→巧妙接触）。记住：tax源于"评估"财产。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tax作动词还可表示"使负重担，使费力气"，如The long journey taxed his strength（长途旅行耗尽了他的体力）。此义中tax sb./sth.表"使劳累"。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·tax 名词作主语）"The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate."（政府对软饮料征收的糖税带来的收入，只有部长们最初预期的一半。）（真题原句·tax 税） 【搭配词块】 pay tax on 为…纳税 / income tax 所得税 / the sugar tax 糖税 / taxation n. 征税 7. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直，诚实；完整 【核心考点】 integrity是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①正直，诚实——a man of integrity（正直的人）、with integrity（正直地）；②完整，完好——the integrity of the ecosystem（生态系统的完整性）。辨析：integrity（正直，强调道德操守的完整）vs honesty（诚实，不撒谎）vs virtue（美德，泛指）vs morality（道德）。写作金句：Integrity is doing the right thing when no one is watching（正直就是无人注视时也做正确的事）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语integer"完整的"（in-"不"+tangere"触碰"→未被触碰的）→ 完整；正直。联想：integr"完整"→ integrity（完整→正直）、integrate（使一体化→合成整体）、integral（不可或缺的→完整的）、entire（整个的）。记住：in + tegr = 完完整整。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：integrity还可表示"（数据、文件的）完整性"，如data integrity（数据完整性）。此义出现在科技类语篇中。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"True adulthood is built on integrity, and honesty is the greatest virtue a person can have."（真正的成年建立在正直之上，诚实是一个人能拥有的最伟大的美德。）（经典原句·integrity 正直） 【搭配词块】 a man of integrity 正直的人 / with integrity 正直地 / the integrity of …的完整性 / integrate v. 使一体化 8. virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；优点 【核心考点】 virtue是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①美德——patience is a virtue（耐心是一种美德）、virtues and vices（善与恶）；②优点——the virtue of（…的优点）——One virtue of the plan is its low cost；③by virtue of（凭借，由于）——He got the job by virtue of his experience。派生词：virtuous adj. 有道德的；virtually adv. 事实上。辨析：virtue（美德；优点）vs merit（优点，功绩）vs advantage（优势）vs strength（长处）。写作金句：Honesty is not just a virtue; it is the shortest path to trust（诚实不仅是美德，更是通往信任的最短路径）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语virtus"勇气，美德"（vir"男子"→有力量的）→ 美德。联想：vir"力量"→ virtue（美德→内在力量）、virtuous（有道德的）、virtual（虚拟的→有实效的）、virtuoso（大师→技艺高超者）。记住：virtus=内在力量=美德。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：virtue还可表示"（事物的）优点，好处"，如The virtue of early rising is that you have more time（早起的优点是你有更多时间）。此义中the virtue of常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Honesty is the greatest virtue a person can have, and it costs nothing but wins everything."（诚实是一个人能拥有的最伟大的美德，它不花分文却能赢得一切。）（经典原句·virtue 美德） 【搭配词块】 patience is a virtue 耐心是一种美德 / the virtue of …的优点 / by virtue of 凭借 / virtuous adj. 有道德的 9. licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n. 执照，许可证 【核心考点】 licence是说明文与生活类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①执照，许可证——a driving licence（驾驶执照）、apply for a licence（申请执照）；②（做某事的）许可——licence to do（做…的许可）；③creative licence（创作自由）。派生词：license v. 发许可证给→ be licensed to drive；licensed adj. 有执照的。辨析：licence（执照，许可证）vs permit（许可证，通行证）vs certificate（证书）vs qualification（资格）。写作金句：A driving licence is not a prize; it is a promise to protect others（驾驶执照不是奖品，而是保护他人的承诺）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语licere"被允许"→ licentia"自由，许可"→ 许可。联想：lic"允许"→ licence（执照→允许凭证）、license（发证）、illicit（非法的→不被允许）、leisure（闲暇→被允许的自由时间）。记住：lic=许可，licence即"许可凭证"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：licence还可表示"（行为上的）放纵，放肆"，如the licence of artistic creation（艺术创作的自由）。此义较正式，阅读中按语境理解。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He also applied for his driving licence, and he studied the traffic rules for two whole weeks before taking the test."（他还申请了驾驶执照，并在考试前花了两周时间学习交通规则。）（经典原句·licence 执照） 【搭配词块】 a driving licence 驾驶执照 / apply for a licence 申请执照 / license v. 发许可证给 / licensed adj. 有执照的 10. milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ n. 里程碑；重要事件 【核心考点】 milestone是说明文与记叙文的高频名词。用法要点：①里程碑——a milestone in（…的里程碑）——Turning eighteen is a milestone in life；②重要事件，转折点——an important milestone（重要的里程碑）；③（行程中的）里程碑——reach a milestone（达到里程碑）。辨析：milestone（里程碑，重大转折事件）vs landmark（地标；里程碑式的成就）vs turning point（转折点）vs breakthrough（突破）。写作金句：Every milestone we pass is a door we close behind us and a road we open ahead（我们经过的每个里程碑，都是一扇关上的门和一条打开的路）。 【词根联想】 mile（英里）+ stone（石头）→ 路边标里程的石碑→ 里程碑。联想：mile"英里"→ milestone（里程碑）、mileage（里程）、milestone（引申：重大事件）、landmark（地标）。记住：mile + stone = 里程石碑。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：milestone还可表示"（个人成长、事业中的）重大转折点"，如Graduation is a milestone in every student's life（毕业是每个学生人生中的重要里程碑）。此义为引申义，阅读中更常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Turning eighteen is a legal milestone in our country: a young person can now vote, drive and sign contracts by himself."（年满十八在我国是一个合法的里程碑：年轻人从此可以自己投票、开车和签合同。）（经典原句·milestone 里程碑） 【搭配词块】 a milestone in …的里程碑 / an important milestone 重要的里程碑 / reach a milestone 达到里程碑 / milestone events 里程碑事件 11. election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举，推选 【核心考点】 election是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①选举——a general election（大选）、win/lose the election（赢得/输掉选举）；②（职位的）推选——the election of a new monitor（新班长的选举）；③hold an election（举行选举）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：elect v. 选举→ elect sb. as/president（选举某人为/任主席）；elective adj. 选修的。辨析：election（选举，选人）vs vote（投票，表决）vs poll（民意调查；投票）vs ballot（无记名投票）。写作金句：An election is a school of citizenship: everyone learns to weigh promises and choose wisely（选举是公民的课堂：每个人都学会衡量承诺、明智选择）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语eligere"挑选出"（e-=ex-"出"+legere"挑选"）→ 选出来→ 选举。联想：lect"挑选"→ election（选出来→选举）、elect（选举）、select（选择→分开挑）、collect（收集→聚拢挑）、intelligent（聪明的→善于选择的）。记住：e + lect = 挑出来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：election意义稳定，无生义。注意elect作动词"选举"与elective"选修的"（如elective courses选修课）词义不同。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"At the school election a few days later, Ming decided to be a candidate and promised to use the class fund more fairly if he won."（几天后的学校选举中，明明决定参选，并承诺如果当选会更公平地使用班费。）（经典原句·election 选举） 【搭配词块】 a general election 大选 / win the election 赢得选举 / elect v. 选举 / elect sb. as 选举某人为 12. wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资，报酬 【核心考点】 wage是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①工资，报酬（常用复数wages）——wage levels（工资水平）、the minimum wage（最低工资）；②wage labour（雇佣劳动）。辨析是高考重点：wage（工资，常指体力或短期劳动的报酬，多用复数）vs salary（薪水，常指白领按月领取）vs income（收入，总称）vs pay（报酬，口语）。写作金句：The first wage you earn teaches you the true value of every coin（你挣到的第一笔工资教会你每一枚硬币的真正价值）。 【词根联想】 古法语wage"抵押品，承诺"（日耳曼语wadi"保证"）→ 付给雇工的报酬→ 工资。联想：wag"保证"→ wage（工资→劳动保证）、wager（赌注）、engage（订婚；雇佣→作出承诺）。记住：wage是"劳动换来的报酬"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：wage作动词表示"发动，开展（战争、运动）"，如wage a campaign（开展运动）。此义中wage是正式动词，如wage war（发动战争），注意与名词"工资"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He reminded Ming that from now on, he must pay tax on his wages and keep a clean record as a new adult."（他提醒明明，从现在起，他必须为自己的工资纳税，并作为新成年人保持清白的记录。）（经典原句·wage 工资） 【搭配词块】 wages 工资 / wage levels 工资水平 / the minimum wage 最低工资 / wage war 发动战争 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 legal illegal (adj.) legally (adv.) legalize (v.) legal protection / it is legal to do mature maturity (n.) immature (adj.) maturely (adv.) a mature person / maturity selfish selfishness (n.) selfless (adj.) selfishly (adv.) a selfish person / selfishness approve approval (n.) disapprove (v.) approving (adj.) approve of / approval consequence consequent (adj.) consequently (adv.) --- the consequence of / as a consequence tax taxation (n.) taxpayer (n.) taxable (adj.) pay tax on / income tax integrity integrate (v.) integral (adj.) integration (n.) a man of integrity / integrity of virtue virtuous (adj.) virtually (adv.) --- by virtue of / a virtue of licence license (v.) licensed (adj.) --- a driving licence / apply for a licence milestone --- --- --- a milestone in / an important milestone election elect (v.) elective (adj.) elector (n.) win the election / elect sb. as wage wages (n.) --- --- wage levels / the minimum wage Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023全国乙卷·阅读C·改编）Delisting grizzlies would loosen ____________ (legal) protections and allow them to be hunted. 2.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）Allowing kids to eat what they want exposes them to the natural ____________ (consequence) of their decisions. 3.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）The Government's ____________ (taxation) on soft drinks has brought in less money than first predicted. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）In our country, it is ____________ (illegal) for people under eighteen to drive a car. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）A truly ____________ (maturity) person learns to think of others before himself. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）It was ____________ (selfishness) of him to take all the snacks without sharing any. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The students all ____________ (approval) of the plan to donate books to the village school. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）As a ____________ (consequently) of the heavy rain, the sports meeting was put off. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）People who earn more usually pay more ____________ (taxable) to the government. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Honesty is a ____________ (virtuous) that we should practise every single day. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）He applied for a driving ____________ (license) as soon as he turned eighteen. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Graduating from high school is an important ____________ (milestones) in every student's life. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The class ____________ (elect) a new monitor last week, and everyone was pleased. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The workers received their ____________ (wage) at the end of every month. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）True adulthood is built on ____________ (integrating), not on clever tricks. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 明明年满十八，这是我们国家的一个____________（合法的）____________（里程碑）。叔叔说成年人要面对每个决定的____________（后果），要为____________（工资）____________（纳税），以____________（成熟的）方式行事。 阿姨说成年建立在____________（正直）之上，诚实是最伟大的____________（美德）；____________（自私的）人只赢小利。明明参加学校____________（选举），承诺同学____________（批准）他的方案就更公平地用班费，还申请了驾驶____________（执照）。 Part 7 关联阅读 When I turned seventeen, I took my first part-time job at a small bookshop near my school. The job was simple: unpacking boxes, arranging the shelves and helping customers find what they needed. What surprised me was not the work itself, but everything that came with it. At the end of my first month, I received my first wage, and I suddenly understood why adults talked so much about tax: a small part of my money went straight to the government, and I had to keep a careful record of it all. My mother smiled and said that I had just learned the first lesson of adulthood, and that the bookshop had already paid me more than any school subject ever could. The second lesson came from a mistake. One evening, I left a box of new books in the rain because I was in a hurry to leave, and the covers were ruined. My manager did not shout at me, but she asked me to think about the consequence of my carelessness. From then on, I checked the weather before every delivery, and I learned to take responsibility for my own actions. My colleagues noticed the change and began to trust me with bigger tasks, which made me feel that I was slowly becoming more mature. The ruined books, strangely enough, became my most valuable teachers. The most valuable lesson, however, came from an old customer who visited the shop every Saturday. He told me that success in life is not measured by money alone, but by integrity and virtue. He said that a selfish person may climb faster, but a person of honesty climbs further, because trust is a ladder that never breaks. When the shop later supported me as a candidate in the student council election, and the whole neighbourhood approved my plan to open a reading corner for children, I understood what he meant. That year, getting my first driving licence felt less like a milestone of freedom than a promise of responsibility, and I carried that promise with me long after the summer ended. 1. What did the author learn from his first wage? A. Working in a bookshop is very tiring. B. Books are too expensive for students. C. The manager was not kind to workers. D. Part of his money had to be paid as tax. 2. How did the author change after the mistake? A. He began to take responsibility for his actions. B. He decided to leave the bookshop at once. C. He refused to deliver books in bad weather. D. He asked the manager for a higher wage. 3. What did the old customer teach the author? A. Money is the only measure of success. B. Honest people can climb further than selfish ones. C. Old customers always know the best books. D. Part-time jobs are a waste of time. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Part-time jobs are too hard for students. B. Tax should be lower for young workers. C. Growing up means learning responsibility and h onesty. D. Bookshops are the best places for teenagers to work. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：legal, mature, selfish, approve, consequence, tax, integrity, virtue, licence, milestone, election, wage Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. In many countries, it is against the law to drive before the age of eighteen. → In many countries, it is not ____________ to drive before the age of eighteen. 2. He has become grown-up enough to make his own decisions. → He has become ____________ enough to make his own decisions. 3. It was thoughtless of him to keep all the cake for himself. → It was ____________ of him to keep all the cake for himself. 4. Her parents agreed with her decision to study medicine. → Her parents ____________ of her decision to study medicine. 5. Every decision we make has its natural result. → Every decision we make has its natural ____________. 6. The workers have to pay duty on the goods they bring into the country. → The workers have to pay ____________ on the goods they bring into the country. 7. He is a man of strong moral honesty, trusted by everyone in the village. → He is a man of ____________, trusted by everyone in the village. 8. Patience is a great quality that everyone should develop. → Patience is a great ____________ that everyone should develop. 9. He got his driving permit after passing the test last month. → He got his driving ____________ after passing the test last month. 10. Entering senior high school was an important turning point in my life. → Entering senior high school was an important ____________ in my life. 11. The voting for the new class monitor will be held on Friday. → The ____________ for the new class monitor will be held on Friday. 12. The workers receive their pay at the end of every month. → The workers receive their ____________ at the end of every month. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：legal → milestone → consequence → tax → wage → mature → integrity → virtue → selfish → election → approve → licence 复述模板（填空）： 明明年满十八是____________（合法的）____________（里程碑）：可投票开车；叔叔说成年人要面对每个决定的____________（后果），为____________（工资）____________（纳税），以____________（成熟的）方式行事。 成年建立在____________（正直）上，诚实是最大的____________（美德）；____________（自私的）人只赢小利。明明参加学校____________（选举），同学____________（批准）方案，他还申请了驾驶____________（执照）。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：legal / mature / selfish / approve / consequence / tax / integrity / virtue / licence / milestone / election / wage （知识点来源：选修二 Unit 1 · Growing up + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last month, my cousin Ming turned eighteen, which is a legal milestone in our country: he can now vote, drive and sign contracts by himself. At the family dinner, my uncle told him that being an adult is not just about freedom, but about facing the consequence of every decision. He reminded Ming that from now on, he must pay tax on his wages and keep a clean record. Ming felt both proud and a little nervous, because he knew that adults are expected to behave in a mature way, even when no one is watching. My aunt added that true adulthood is built on integrity, and that honesty is the greatest virtue a person can have. She said a selfish person may win small things, but an honest person wins the trust of others. At the school election a few days later, Ming decided to be a candidate and promised that, if the students approved his plan, he would use the class fund more fairly. He also applied for his driving licence, and he studied the traffic rules for two whole weeks. Everyone said that he had truly started to grow up. 【中文译文】 上个月，我的表哥明明满十八岁了，在我们国家这是一个合法的（legal）里程碑（milestone）：他现在可以自己投票、开车和签合同。在家庭晚宴上，叔叔告诉他，成年不只意味着自由，还意味着要面对每一个决定带来的后果（consequence）。他提醒明明，从现在起，他必须为自己的工资（wage）纳税（tax），并保持清白的记录。明明既自豪又有点紧张，因为他知道成年人被期望以成熟（mature）的方式行事，即使没有人看着的时候也是如此。 阿姨补充说，真正的成年建立在正直（integrity）之上，诚实是一个人能拥有的最伟大的美德（virtue）。她说自私（selfish）的人可能赢得小利，但诚实的人赢得他人的信任。几天后的学校选举（election）中，明明决定参选，并承诺如果同学们批准（approve）他的方案，他会更公平地使用班费。他还申请了驾驶执照（licence），并花了两周时间学习交通规则。大家都说他真的开始长大了。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：年满十八→合法里程碑→能投票开车→面对每个决定的结果→为工资纳税→成熟行事→成年建立在正直上→诚实是最伟大的美德→自私者只赢小利→参加学校选举→同学批准方案→申请驾照→真的开始长大 记忆链：legal → milestone → consequence → tax → wage → mature → integrity → virtue → selfish → election → approve → licence Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 法律的；合法的 ⚡考点：legal protection 法律保护；it is legal to do 做…是合法的；illegal adj. 非法的；legally adv. 合法地 2 mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ adj. 成熟的 v. 成熟 ⚡考点：a mature person 成熟的人；mature in thinking 思想成熟；maturity n. 成熟；immature adj. 不成熟的 3 selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，利己的 ⚡考点：a selfish person 自私的人；be selfish about 对…自私；selfishness n. 自私；selfless adj. 无私的 4 approve /əˈpruːv/ v. 批准，同意；赞成 ⚡考点：approve of 赞成；approve the plan 批准计划；approval n. 批准；approving adj. 赞成的 5 consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果 ⚡考点：the consequence of …的后果；face the consequence 面对后果；as a consequence 结果；consequent adj. 随之发生的 6 tax /tæks/ n. 税，税款 vt. 对…征税 ⚡考点：pay tax on 为…纳税；income tax 所得税；tax sb. on 对…征税；taxation n. 征税 7 integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直，诚实；完整 ⚡考点：a man of integrity 正直的人；with integrity 正直地；the integrity of 的完整性 8 virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；优点 ⚡考点：a virtue of …的优点；by virtue of 凭借；virtuous adj. 有道德的；patience is a virtue 耐心是一种美德 9 licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n. 执照，许可证 ⚡考点：a driving licence 驾驶执照；apply for a licence 申请执照；license v. 发许可证给 10 milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ n. 里程碑；重要事件 ⚡考点：a milestone in …的里程碑；reach a milestone 达到里程碑；an important milestone 重要的里程碑 11 election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举，推选 ⚡考点：a general election 大选；win the election 赢得选举；elect v. 选举；elect sb. as 选举某人为 12 wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资，报酬 ⚡考点：wages（常用复数）工资；wage levels 工资水平；the minimum wage 最低工资 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 法律的；合法的 【核心考点】 legal是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频形容词。用法要点：①法律的——legal protection（法律保护）、legal system（法律体系）；②合法的——it is legal to do（做…是合法的）——It is legal to drive at eighteen；③legal advice（法律建议）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：illegal adj. 非法的（反义）；legally adv. 合法地；legalize v. 使合法化。辨析：legal（合法的，与法律相关）vs lawful（合法的，合乎法律的）vs legitimate（合法的，合理的）vs valid（有效的）。写作金句：Freedom is sweet, but it always comes with legal duties（自由是甜蜜的，但它总伴随着法律责任）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语lex"法律"→ legalis"法律的"→ 法律的。联想：leg"法律"→ legal（法律的）、illegal（非法的）、legislation（立法）、legislator（立法者）、legacy（遗产→法律留下的）。记住：leg=law，legal即"合法"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：legal还可表示"（与）法律（有关）的，法律上的"，如a legal document（法律文件）。此义中legal强调"法律层面的"，与"合法的"语义相通。 【真题原句】 （2023·全国乙卷·阅读C·legal 形容词作定语）"The US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted."（美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊移出保护名录，这将放松法律保护并允许捕猎它们。）（真题原句·legal 法律的） 【搭配词块】 legal protection 法律保护 / the legal system 法律体系 / it is legal to do 做…是合法的 / illegal adj. 非法的 2. mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ adj. 成熟的 v. 成熟 【核心考点】 mature是记叙文与议论文的高频形容词兼动词。形容词用法要点：①（人）成熟的，理智的——a mature person（成熟的人）、be mature in thinking（思想成熟）；②（果实、酒）成熟的——mature wine（陈酿）。动词用法：成熟——Children mature at different ages。派生词是语法填空高频考点：maturity n. 成熟→ reach maturity（达到成熟）；immature adj. 不成熟的（反义）；maturely adv. 成熟地。辨析：mature（成熟的，理智的）vs ripe（熟的，指果实）vs grown-up（成年的）vs adult（成年的）。写作金句：Growing up means learning to act mature before you feel mature（长大意味着学会在感觉成熟之前就成熟地行事）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语maturus"成熟的，及时的"→ 成熟。联想：matur"熟"→ mature（成熟的）、maturity（成熟）、immature（不成熟的）、maturation（成熟过程）、morning（早晨→成熟的时刻）。记住：matur=熟。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mature作动词可表示"（保险、投资）到期"，如The policy matures in ten years（这份保单十年后到期）。此义出现在金融与法律类语篇中。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Ming felt both proud and a little nervous, because he knew that adults are expected to behave in a mature way, even when no one is watching."（明明既自豪又有点紧张，因为他知道成年人被期望以成熟的方式行事，即使没有人看着的时候也是如此。）（经典原句·mature 成熟的） 【搭配词块】 a mature person 成熟的人 / be mature in thinking 思想成熟 / maturity n. 成熟 / immature adj. 不成熟的 3. selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，利己的 【核心考点】 selfish是记叙文与议论文的高频形容词，常含贬义。用法要点：①自私的——a selfish person（自私的人）、be selfish about（对…自私）；②selfish behaviour（自私的行为）。派生词：selfishness n. 自私；selfless adj. 无私的（反义）→ selfless devotion（无私的奉献）；selfishly adv. 自私地。辨析：selfish（自私的，只顾自己的）vs greedy（贪婪的）vs mean（吝啬的）vs narrow-minded（心胸狭隘的）。写作金句：A selfish person asks what others can do for him; a wise one asks what he can do for others（自私的人问别人能为他做什么，明智的人问他能为别人做什么）。 【词根联想】 self（自己）+ -ish（形容词后缀，表"…的"）→ 只想着自己的→ 自私的。联想：self"自己"→ selfish（只为自己→自私）、selfishness（自私）、selfless（无私的）、self-confidence（自信）、self-control（自制）。记住：self + ish = 只有自己。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：selfish意义稳定，无生义。注意其反义词selfless（无私的）与unselfish（不自私的）都是高考词汇。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A selfish person may win small things, but an honest person wins the trust of others, and trust lasts far longer than any prize."（自私的人可能赢得小利，但诚实的人赢得他人的信任，而信任比任何奖赏都持久。）（经典原句·selfish 自私的） 【搭配词块】 a selfish person 自私的人 / be selfish about 对…自私 / selfishness n. 自私 / selfless adj. 无私的 4. approve /əˈpruːv/ v. 批准，同意；赞成 【核心考点】 approve是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频动词。用法要点：①批准，同意——approve the plan（批准计划）、approve the proposal（同意提议）；②赞成——approve of（赞成，认可）——Her parents approved of her decision；③be approved by（被…批准）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：approval n. 批准；赞成→ give one's approval（表示同意）、with approval（赞许地）；disapprove v. 不赞成（反义）。辨析：approve（批准；赞成，较正式）vs agree to（同意，接受）vs support（支持）vs favour（赞同）。写作金句：The plan will only work if the whole class approves it（只有全班批准，这个计划才能实施）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语approbare"赞同"（ad-"向"+probare"证明"）→ 认为好→ 赞成。联想：prob"证明"→ approve（认为好→赞成）、approval（批准）、prove（证明）、probable（可能的→可证明的）、probe（探测→求证）。记住：ad + prove = 认为好而认可。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：approve还可表示"（正式）批准，通过（法律、计划）"，如The city council approved the new building plan（市议会批准了新建筑计划）。此义常见于新闻语体。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Ming promised that, if the students approved his plan, he would use the class fund more fairly and report every single yuan."（明明承诺，如果同学们批准他的方案，他会更公平地使用班费，并报告每一分钱的去向。）（经典原句·approve 批准） 【搭配词块】 approve the plan 批准计划 / approve of 赞成 / approval n. 批准；赞成 / with approval 赞许地 5. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果 【核心考点】 consequence是议论文与说明文的高频名词。用法要点：①结果，后果——the consequence of（…的后果）、face the consequence（面对后果）；②as a consequence（结果）——As a consequence, many birds left the area；③in consequence（因此）；④of little/no consequence（无关紧要的）。派生词：consequent adj. 随之发生的；consequently adv. 因此→ Consequently, the plan was cancelled。辨析是高考重点：consequence（后果，多指随之而来的结果，可含贬义）vs result（结果，中性）vs outcome（结果，结局）vs effect（效果，影响）。写作金句：Every adult must face the consequence of every decision they make（每个成年人都必须面对自己所做每个决定的后果）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语consequi"跟随"（con-"一起"+sequi"跟随"）→ 跟着来的东西→ 结果。联想：sequ"跟随"→ consequence（跟随而来→结果）、consequently（因此）、sequence（序列→一个跟一个）、subsequent（随后的）、follow（跟随）。记住：con + sequence = 随之而来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：consequence还可表示"重要性，重大意义"，如It is of no consequence（这无关紧要）。此义中consequence用of+consequence结构。 【真题原句】 （2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·consequence 名词作宾语）"Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions."（允许孩子们想吃什么就吃什么，也让他们面对自己决定带来的自然结果。）（真题原句·consequence 结果） 【搭配词块】 the consequence of …的后果 / face the consequence 面对后果 / as a consequence 结果 / consequently adv. 因此 6. tax /tæks/ n. 税，税款 vt. 对…征税 【核心考点】 tax是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频名词兼动词。名词用法要点：①税，税款——pay tax on（为…纳税）、income tax（所得税）、the sugar tax（糖税）；②tax on（对…征的税）。动词用法：对…征税——tax sb./sth. on（对…征税）。派生词：taxation n. 征税，税收；taxpayer n. 纳税人。辨析：tax（税，国家征收）vs duty（关税；义务）vs tariff（关税，税率）vs fee（费用）。写作金句：A fair tax system is the foundation of a fair society（公平的税收制度是公平社会的基础）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语taxare"评估，估定"（tangere"触摸"）→ 评估价值→ 征税。联想：tax"估"→ tax（税→评估征收）、taxation（征税）、taxi（出租车→按里程计费）、tact（机智→巧妙接触）。记住：tax源于"评估"财产。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：tax作动词还可表示"使负重担，使费力气"，如The long journey taxed his strength（长途旅行耗尽了他的体力）。此义中tax sb./sth.表"使劳累"。 【真题原句】 （2022·全国乙卷·阅读D·tax 名词作主语）"The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate."（政府对软饮料征收的糖税带来的收入，只有部长们最初预期的一半。）（真题原句·tax 税） 【搭配词块】 pay tax on 为…纳税 / income tax 所得税 / the sugar tax 糖税 / taxation n. 征税 7. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 正直，诚实；完整 【核心考点】 integrity是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①正直，诚实——a man of integrity（正直的人）、with integrity（正直地）；②完整，完好——the integrity of the ecosystem（生态系统的完整性）。辨析：integrity（正直，强调道德操守的完整）vs honesty（诚实，不撒谎）vs virtue（美德，泛指）vs morality（道德）。写作金句：Integrity is doing the right thing when no one is watching（正直就是无人注视时也做正确的事）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语integer"完整的"（in-"不"+tangere"触碰"→未被触碰的）→ 完整；正直。联想：integr"完整"→ integrity（完整→正直）、integrate（使一体化→合成整体）、integral（不可或缺的→完整的）、entire（整个的）。记住：in + tegr = 完完整整。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：integrity还可表示"（数据、文件的）完整性"，如data integrity（数据完整性）。此义出现在科技类语篇中。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"True adulthood is built on integrity, and honesty is the greatest virtue a person can have."（真正的成年建立在正直之上，诚实是一个人能拥有的最伟大的美德。）（经典原句·integrity 正直） 【搭配词块】 a man of integrity 正直的人 / with integrity 正直地 / the integrity of …的完整性 / integrate v. 使一体化 8. virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；优点 【核心考点】 virtue是议论文与人物类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①美德——patience is a virtue（耐心是一种美德）、virtues and vices（善与恶）；②优点——the virtue of（…的优点）——One virtue of the plan is its low cost；③by virtue of（凭借，由于）——He got the job by virtue of his experience。派生词：virtuous adj. 有道德的；virtually adv. 事实上。辨析：virtue（美德；优点）vs merit（优点，功绩）vs advantage（优势）vs strength（长处）。写作金句：Honesty is not just a virtue; it is the shortest path to trust（诚实不仅是美德，更是通往信任的最短路径）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语virtus"勇气，美德"（vir"男子"→有力量的）→ 美德。联想：vir"力量"→ virtue（美德→内在力量）、virtuous（有道德的）、virtual（虚拟的→有实效的）、virtuoso（大师→技艺高超者）。记住：virtus=内在力量=美德。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：virtue还可表示"（事物的）优点，好处"，如The virtue of early rising is that you have more time（早起的优点是你有更多时间）。此义中the virtue of常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Honesty is the greatest virtue a person can have, and it costs nothing but wins everything."（诚实是一个人能拥有的最伟大的美德，它不花分文却能赢得一切。）（经典原句·virtue 美德） 【搭配词块】 patience is a virtue 耐心是一种美德 / the virtue of …的优点 / by virtue of 凭借 / virtuous adj. 有道德的 9. licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n. 执照，许可证 【核心考点】 licence是说明文与生活类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①执照，许可证——a driving licence（驾驶执照）、apply for a licence（申请执照）；②（做某事的）许可——licence to do（做…的许可）；③creative licence（创作自由）。派生词：license v. 发许可证给→ be licensed to drive；licensed adj. 有执照的。辨析：licence（执照，许可证）vs permit（许可证，通行证）vs certificate（证书）vs qualification（资格）。写作金句：A driving licence is not a prize; it is a promise to protect others（驾驶执照不是奖品，而是保护他人的承诺）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语licere"被允许"→ licentia"自由，许可"→ 许可。联想：lic"允许"→ licence（执照→允许凭证）、license（发证）、illicit（非法的→不被允许）、leisure（闲暇→被允许的自由时间）。记住：lic=许可，licence即"许可凭证"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：licence还可表示"（行为上的）放纵，放肆"，如the licence of artistic creation（艺术创作的自由）。此义较正式，阅读中按语境理解。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He also applied for his driving licence, and he studied the traffic rules for two whole weeks before taking the test."（他还申请了驾驶执照，并在考试前花了两周时间学习交通规则。）（经典原句·licence 执照） 【搭配词块】 a driving licence 驾驶执照 / apply for a licence 申请执照 / license v. 发许可证给 / licensed adj. 有执照的 10. milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ n. 里程碑；重要事件 【核心考点】 milestone是说明文与记叙文的高频名词。用法要点：①里程碑——a milestone in（…的里程碑）——Turning eighteen is a milestone in life；②重要事件，转折点——an important milestone（重要的里程碑）；③（行程中的）里程碑——reach a milestone（达到里程碑）。辨析：milestone（里程碑，重大转折事件）vs landmark（地标；里程碑式的成就）vs turning point（转折点）vs breakthrough（突破）。写作金句：Every milestone we pass is a door we close behind us and a road we open ahead（我们经过的每个里程碑，都是一扇关上的门和一条打开的路）。 【词根联想】 mile（英里）+ stone（石头）→ 路边标里程的石碑→ 里程碑。联想：mile"英里"→ milestone（里程碑）、mileage（里程）、milestone（引申：重大事件）、landmark（地标）。记住：mile + stone = 里程石碑。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：milestone还可表示"（个人成长、事业中的）重大转折点"，如Graduation is a milestone in every student's life（毕业是每个学生人生中的重要里程碑）。此义为引申义，阅读中更常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Turning eighteen is a legal milestone in our country: a young person can now vote, drive and sign contracts by himself."（年满十八在我国是一个合法的里程碑：年轻人从此可以自己投票、开车和签合同。）（经典原句·milestone 里程碑） 【搭配词块】 a milestone in …的里程碑 / an important milestone 重要的里程碑 / reach a milestone 达到里程碑 / milestone events 里程碑事件 11. election /ɪˈlekʃn/ n. 选举，推选 【核心考点】 election是新闻与说明文类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①选举——a general election（大选）、win/lose the election（赢得/输掉选举）；②（职位的）推选——the election of a new monitor（新班长的选举）；③hold an election（举行选举）。派生词是语法填空高频考点：elect v. 选举→ elect sb. as/president（选举某人为/任主席）；elective adj. 选修的。辨析：election（选举，选人）vs vote（投票，表决）vs poll（民意调查；投票）vs ballot（无记名投票）。写作金句：An election is a school of citizenship: everyone learns to weigh promises and choose wisely（选举是公民的课堂：每个人都学会衡量承诺、明智选择）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语eligere"挑选出"（e-=ex-"出"+legere"挑选"）→ 选出来→ 选举。联想：lect"挑选"→ election（选出来→选举）、elect（选举）、select（选择→分开挑）、collect（收集→聚拢挑）、intelligent（聪明的→善于选择的）。记住：e + lect = 挑出来。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：election意义稳定，无生义。注意elect作动词"选举"与elective"选修的"（如elective courses选修课）词义不同。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"At the school election a few days later, Ming decided to be a candidate and promised to use the class fund more fairly if he won."（几天后的学校选举中，明明决定参选，并承诺如果当选会更公平地使用班费。）（经典原句·election 选举） 【搭配词块】 a general election 大选 / win the election 赢得选举 / elect v. 选举 / elect sb. as 选举某人为 12. wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资，报酬 【核心考点】 wage是说明文与新闻类语篇的高频名词。用法要点：①工资，报酬（常用复数wages）——wage levels（工资水平）、the minimum wage（最低工资）；②wage labour（雇佣劳动）。辨析是高考重点：wage（工资，常指体力或短期劳动的报酬，多用复数）vs salary（薪水，常指白领按月领取）vs income（收入，总称）vs pay（报酬，口语）。写作金句：The first wage you earn teaches you the true value of every coin（你挣到的第一笔工资教会你每一枚硬币的真正价值）。 【词根联想】 古法语wage"抵押品，承诺"（日耳曼语wadi"保证"）→ 付给雇工的报酬→ 工资。联想：wag"保证"→ wage（工资→劳动保证）、wager（赌注）、engage（订婚；雇佣→作出承诺）。记住：wage是"劳动换来的报酬"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：wage作动词表示"发动，开展（战争、运动）"，如wage a campaign（开展运动）。此义中wage是正式动词，如wage war（发动战争），注意与名词"工资"区分。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"He reminded Ming that from now on, he must pay tax on his wages and keep a clean record as a new adult."（他提醒明明，从现在起，他必须为自己的工资纳税，并作为新成年人保持清白的记录。）（经典原句·wage 工资） 【搭配词块】 wages 工资 / wage levels 工资水平 / the minimum wage 最低工资 / wage war 发动战争 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 legal illegal (adj.) legally (adv.) legalize (v.) legal protection / it is legal to do mature maturity (n.) immature (adj.) maturely (adv.) a mature person / maturity selfish selfishness (n.) selfless (adj.) selfishly (adv.) a selfish person / selfishness approve approval (n.) disapprove (v.) approving (adj.) approve of / approval consequence consequent (adj.) consequently (adv.) --- the consequence of / as a consequence tax taxation (n.) taxpayer (n.) taxable (adj.) pay tax on / income tax integrity integrate (v.) integral (adj.) integration (n.) a man of integrity / integrity of virtue virtuous (adj.) virtually (adv.) --- by virtue of / a virtue of licence license (v.) licensed (adj.) --- a driving licence / apply for a licence milestone --- --- --- a milestone in / an important milestone election elect (v.) elective (adj.) elector (n.) win the election / elect sb. as wage wages (n.) --- --- wage levels / the minimum wage Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023全国乙卷·阅读C·改编）Delisting grizzlies would loosen ____________ (legal) protections and allow them to be hunted. 2.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）Allowing kids to eat what they want exposes them to the natural ____________ (consequence) of their decisions. 3.（2022全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）The Government's ____________ (taxation) on soft drinks has brought in less money than first predicted. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）In our country, it is ____________ (illegal) for people under eighteen to drive a car. 5.（2026广东广州·模拟）A truly ____________ (maturity) person learns to think of others before himself. 6.（2026江苏南京·模拟）It was ____________ (selfishness) of him to take all the snacks without sharing any. 7.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The students all ____________ (approval) of the plan to donate books to the village school. 8.（2026四川成都·模拟）As a ____________ (consequently) of the heavy rain, the sports meeting was put off. 9.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）People who earn more usually pay more ____________ (taxable) to the government. 10.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）Honesty is a ____________ (virtuous) that we should practise every single day. 11.（2026福建厦门·模拟）He applied for a driving ____________ (license) as soon as he turned eighteen. 12.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Graduating from high school is an important ____________ (milestones) in every student's life. 13.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The class ____________ (elect) a new monitor last week, and everyone was pleased. 14.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The workers received their ____________ (wage) at the end of every month. 15.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）True adulthood is built on ____________ (integrating), not on clever tricks. 【答案】 1. legal 2. consequences 3. tax 4. legal 5. mature 6. selfish 7. approved 8. consequence 9. tax 10. virtue 11. licence 12. milestone 13. elected 14. wages 15. integrity 【逐题解析】 1. legal — 提示词legal为形容词，直接修饰名词protections，legal protections意为"法律保护"。 2. consequences — 提示词consequence为单数，形容词natural后须用复数，the natural consequences意为"自然结果"。 3. tax — 提示词taxation为名词，名词所有格后须用名词，the Government's tax意为"政府征收的税"。 4. legal — 提示词illegal为形容词，it is legal to do为固定句型，意为"做…是合法的"。 5. mature — 提示词maturity为名词，a...person结构中须用形容词，a mature person意为"成熟的人"。 6. selfish — 提示词selfishness为名词，It was + 形容词 + of sb. to do为固定句型，须用形容词selfish。 7. approved — 提示词approval为名词，主语students后缺谓语，approve of意为"赞成"，用一般过去式approved。 8. consequence — 提示词consequently为副词，as a consequence of为固定搭配，须用名词consequence。 9. tax — 提示词taxable为形容词，more后修饰名词须用名词tax，pay tax意为"纳税"。 10. virtue — 提示词virtuous为形容词，a后须用名词单数，a virtue意为"一种美德"。 11. licence — 提示词license为动词，a driving后须用名词，a driving licence意为"驾驶执照"。 12. milestone — 提示词milestones为复数，an important后须用单数名词，an important milestone意为"重要的里程碑"。 13. elected — 提示词elect为动词原形，主语the class后缺谓语，时间last week提示用一般过去式elected。 14. wages — 提示词wage为单数名词，their后须用复数，their wages意为"他们的工资"。 15. integrity — 提示词integrating为动名词，built on后须用名词，integrity意为"正直"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 明明年满十八，这是我们国家的一个____________（合法的）____________（里程碑）。叔叔说成年人要面对每个决定的____________（后果），要为____________（工资）____________（纳税），以____________（成熟的）方式行事。 阿姨说成年建立在____________（正直）之上，诚实是最伟大的____________（美德）；____________（自私的）人只赢小利。明明参加学校____________（选举），承诺同学____________（批准）他的方案就更公平地用班费，还申请了驾驶____________（执照）。 【答案】 legal; milestone; consequence; wages; tax; mature; integrity; virtue; selfish; election; approve; licence Part 7 关联阅读 When I turned seventeen, I took my first part-time job at a small bookshop near my school. The job was simple: unpacking boxes, arranging the shelves and helping customers find what they needed. What surprised me was not the work itself, but everything that came with it. At the end of my first month, I received my first wage, and I suddenly understood why adults talked so much about tax: a small part of my money went straight to the government, and I had to keep a careful record of it all. My mother smiled and said that I had just learned the first lesson of adulthood, and that the bookshop had already paid me more than any school subject ever could. The second lesson came from a mistake. One evening, I left a box of new books in the rain because I was in a hurry to leave, and the covers were ruined. My manager did not shout at me, but she asked me to think about the consequence of my carelessness. From then on, I checked the weather before every delivery, and I learned to take responsibility for my own actions. My colleagues noticed the change and began to trust me with bigger tasks, which made me feel that I was slowly becoming more mature. The ruined books, strangely enough, became my most valuable teachers. The most valuable lesson, however, came from an old customer who visited the shop every Saturday. He told me that success in life is not measured by money alone, but by integrity and virtue. He said that a selfish person may climb faster, but a person of honesty climbs further, because trust is a ladder that never breaks. When the shop later supported me as a candidate in the student council election, and the whole neighbourhood approved my plan to open a reading corner for children, I understood what he meant. That year, getting my first driving licence felt less like a milestone of freedom than a promise of responsibility, and I carried that promise with me long after the summer ended. 1. What did the author learn from his first wage? A. Working in a bookshop is very tiring. B. Books are too expensive for students. C. The manager was not kind to workers. D. Part of his money had to be paid as tax. 2. How did the author change after the mistake? A. He began to take responsibility for his actions. B. He decided to leave the bookshop at once. C. He refused to deliver books in bad weather. D. He asked the manager for a higher wage. 3. What did the old customer teach the author? A. Money is the only measure of success. B. Honest people can climb further than selfish ones. C. Old customers always know the best books. D. Part-time jobs are a waste of time. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Part-time jobs are too hard for students. B. Tax should be lower for young workers. C. Growing up means learning responsibility and honesty. D. Bookshops are the best places for teenagers to work. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段明确交代第一课——"a small part of my money went straight to the government"，第一份工资的一部分直接交给了政府，即纳税，与D项Part of his money had to be paid as tax对应，故选D。A项"书店工作很累"、B项"书太贵"、C项"经理不友善"均与原文不符。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段是解题句——"I learned to take responsibility for my own actions"，作者学会为自己的行为负责，与A项He began to take responsibility for his actions吻合，故选A。B项"立刻辞职"、C项"拒绝雨天送货"、D项"要求加薪"均无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段老顾客的话是解题句——"a selfish person may climb faster, but a person of honesty climbs further"，自私者爬得快，诚实者走得远，与B项Honest people can climb further than selfish ones一致，故选B。A项"金钱是唯一衡量标准"与原文"not measured by money alone"相悖；C、D两项无中生有。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文以作者的第一份兼职为主线：从领工资学会纳税，到犯错学会承担后果，再到老顾客教导正直与美德，末段点明——"getting my first driving licence felt less like a milestone of freedom than a promise of responsibility"，长大意味着学会责任与诚实，与C项Growing up means learning responsibility and honesty吻合，故选C。A项"兼职太难"、B项"年轻人税应更低"、D项"书店是青少年最佳工作地"均偏离主题。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：legal, mature, selfish, approve, consequence, tax, integrity, virtue, licence, milestone, election, wage Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. In many countries, it is against the law to drive before the age of eighteen. → In many countries, it is not ____________ to drive before the age of eighteen. 2. He has become grown-up enough to make his own decisions. → He has become ____________ enough to make his own decisions. 3. It was thoughtless of him to keep all the cake for himself. → It was ____________ of him to keep all the cake for himself. 4. Her parents agreed with her decision to study medicine. → Her parents ____________ of her decision to study medicine. 5. Every decision we make has its natural result. → Every decision we make has its natural ____________. 6. The workers have to pay duty on the goods they bring into the country. → The workers have to pay ____________ on the goods they bring into the country. 7. He is a man of strong moral honesty, trusted by everyone in the village. → He is a man of ____________, trusted by everyone in the village. 8. Patience is a great quality that everyone should develop. → Patience is a great ____________ that everyone should develop. 9. He got his driving permit after passing the test last month. → He got his driving ____________ after passing the test last month. 10. Entering senior high school was an important turning point in my life. → Entering senior high school was an important ____________ in my life. 11. The voting for the new class monitor will be held on Friday. → The ____________ for the new class monitor will be held on Friday. 12. The workers receive their pay at the end of every month. → The workers receive their ____________ at the end of every month. 【答案】 1. legal 2. mature 3. selfish 4. approved 5. consequence 6. tax 7. integrity 8. virtue 9. licence 10. milestone 11. election 12. wages Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：legal → milestone → consequence → tax → wage → mature → integrity → virtue → selfish → election → approve → licence 复述模板（填空）： 明明年满十八是____________（合法的）____________（里程碑）：可投票开车；叔叔说成年人要面对每个决定的____________（后果），为____________（工资）____________（纳税），以____________（成熟的）方式行事。 成年建立在____________（正直）上，诚实是最大的____________（美德）；____________（自私的）人只赢小利。明明参加学校____________（选举），同学____________（批准）方案，他还申请了驾驶____________（执照）。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：legal; milestone; consequence; wages; tax; mature; integrity; virtue; selfish; election; approve; licence 复述模板参考版本： Turning eighteen is a legal milestone: Ming can now vote, drive and sign contracts. His uncle told him that adults must face the consequence of every decision, pay tax on their wages and behave in a mature way. His aunt added that true adulthood is built on integrity, and that honesty is the greatest virtue. A selfish person may win small things, but an honest person wins trust. Ming took part in the school election and promised that, if the students approved his plan, he would use the class fund fairly. He also applied for his driving licence. That is how he truly started to grow up. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $