Unit 2 Getting along（复习讲义）英语新教材外研版八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 2 Getting along复习讲义围绕人际交往主题整合知识体系，通过表格对比for/since用法、短暂性与延续性动词转换，思维导图呈现核心词汇与句型，系统梳理现在完成时结构、主题文本理解等要点，清晰标注重难点分布及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“主题-语法-能力”三维练习设计，如完形填空以友谊矛盾化解故事巩固沟通词汇，任务型阅读通过David与Sam的经历引导反思相处之道，培养语言表达与思维品质。语法部分提供“先看时间状语再辨动词属性”解题技巧，基础题夯实知识，综合题提升运用能力，支持学生自主复习，助力教师实施分层精准教学。

Unit 2 Getting along（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕 “Getting along” 主题，复习人际交往、朋友相处、矛盾化解、分享感悟的文本内容，理解故事传递的友善与分享的内涵。 2、重点掌握人际相处、矛盾、沟通、分享类词汇与短语。 3、能用现在完成时（for /since）描述延续至今的经历与状态；能够区分延续性动词、短暂性动词。 4、能围绕 “和朋友如何相处、遇到矛盾如何处理、分享带来什么收获” 开展口头问答与书面表达，提升人际交往感悟与文本理解表达能力。 复习重难点 重点：现在完成时（for/since 表延续）的结构与运用；延续性动词与短暂性动词辨析；人际交往主题的核心句型。 难点：for +时间段与since+时间点的辨析；短暂动词不能搭配时间段的易错点；写作中结合事例完整叙述相处经历，表达个人感悟。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1 Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there. 从那以后，他再也没有在那里见过孩子。 since作介词，意为“自从……以来；自从……之后”，后接时间点，常与现在完成时连用，谓语动词要用延续性动词；since作连词，意为“因为；既然”，可引导原因状语从句。 【固定搭配】 ① since + 时间点 自从……（介词） ② since + 一般过去时从句 自从…… 【例句】 1. I have lived here since 2020.自从2020年我就住在这里。 2. Since you are tired, you can have a rest.既然你累了，可以休息一下。 【易混辨析】since & for since后接时间点，表示动作开始的时间 for后接时间段，表示动作或状态持续多久 【例句】 1. We have known each other since May.我们从五月份就认识彼此。 2. We have known each other for ten years.我们已经认识十年了。 知识点2 The children look afraid. 孩子们看起来很害怕。 afraid为形容词，意为“害怕的；恐惧的”，常放在be动词后作表语。 【固定搭配】 ① be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕（做）某事 ② be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 ③ I’m afraid… 恐怕……（口语委婉表达） 【例句】 1. She is afraid of the dark.她害怕黑暗。 2. He is afraid to go out alone.他害怕独自外出。 3. I’m afraid you are wrong.恐怕你错了。 知识点3Sharing has allowed/shown/taught me… 分享允许/展现/教会了我…… allow为动词，意为“允许；容许；准许”。 【固定搭配】 ① allow sth. 允许某事 ② allow sb. (not) to do sth.（不）允许某人做某事 ③ be (not) allowed to do sth.（不）被允许做某事 【例句】 1. We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。 2. My mum doesn’t allow me to stay out late.妈妈不允许我在外待到很晚。 3. You are not allowed to take photos.不允许你拍照。 知识点4 Examples include a fear of heights and a fear of attending social events.例子包括恐高和害怕参加社交活动。 attend为动词，意为“参加；出席；到场”，多用于正式场合。 【固定搭配】attend meetings / social events 出席会议/社交活动 【例句】 1. You should attend the meeting on time.你应当准时出席会议。 【易混辨析】attend / join / join in / take part in attend出席会议、典礼、讲座等正式活动 join加入团体、组织，成为其中一员 join in参与小型活动、游戏 take part in参加群众性大型活动，在活动中发挥作用 【辨析例句】 1. He will attend a wedding.他要出席一场婚礼。 2. I want to join the football club.我想加入足球俱乐部。 3. Please join in our game.请加入我们的游戏。 4. Many students take part in the sports meeting.很多学生参加运动会。 知识点5Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses. 当地的两个家庭，张家和吴家，就房屋之间的分界线发生了争执。 divide为动词，意为“（把……）分开”，指把整体划分成若干部分。 【固定搭配】 ① divide…into… 把……分成…… ② be divided into… 被分成…… 【例句】 1. Let’s divide the class into four groups.我们把班级分成四个小组。 2. The year is divided into four seasons.一年被分为四个季节。 知识点6 They couldn’t reach an agreement.他们无法达成协议。 agreement为名词，意为“（意见的）一致；相合”；动词形式为agree，反义词disagree。 【固定搭配】 ① agree with sb. 同意某人观点 ② reach an agreement 达成协议 ③ disagree with sb. 不同意某人观点 ④ in agreement with… 同意……；与……一致 【例句】 1. I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 2. They reached an agreement at last. 他们最终达成了协议。 3. I disagree with his idea. 我不赞同他的想法。 4. We are in agreement with the plan. 我们赞同这个计划。 【易混辨析】 · agree with（同意人/观点） · agree to（同意计划、提议） 【辨析例句】 1. I agree with him. 我同意他（的观点）。 2. He agreed to the new rule. 他同意了这项新规定。 知识点7 Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.每当他们走过这条巷子，他们就会想起善意如何激发更多的善意。 whenever连词，意为“每当；无论什么时候”，相当于no matter when。whenever引导时间/让步状语从句 【例句】 1. Whenever I meet difficulties, he helps me.每当我遇到困难，他都会帮助我。 2. Whenever you come, you are welcome.无论你何时来，都欢迎你。 1. Whatever you do, do it well.无论你做什么，都把它做好。 2. Wherever you go, I will follow you.无论你去哪里，我都会跟着你。 知识点8 There are no birds or flowers.没有鸟儿，也没有花朵。 表示“某地/某时有某人或某物”，be动词和就近的主语保持数的一致（就近原则）。 【用法】 ① There be +名词（就近原则） ② There be sb./sth. doing sth. 有某人/某物正在做某事 【例句】 1. There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。 2. There are some children playing in the park.公园里有一些孩子正在玩耍。 【注意】 there be句型不能和have同时连用 知识点9 Getting along with others is important because…与他人和睦相处很重要，因为…… 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；两个及以上动名词并列作主语，谓语动词用复数。 【用法】doing sth. +谓语 动名词短语作主语 【例句】 1. Reading is good for us.阅读对我们有益。 2. Running and swimming help us keep healthy.跑步和游泳帮助我们保持健康。 【拓展】单个动名词作主语→谓语用三单；多个动名词并列作主语→谓语用复数形式 单元语法：现在完成时 一、现在完成时（表动作持续） 1. 核心用法 表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，且未来可能继续延续，强调动作的延续性，必须搭配可延续的时间状语使用。 2. 基本句式结构 以实义动词 live 为例，结构随人称变化，第三人称单数用 has，其余人称用 have： · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例句：I have lived in this city for 3 years. · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 缩写形式：haven't /hasn't 例句：She hasn't lived here since 2022. · 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ · 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. · 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 例句：Have you known each other for a long time? 3. 核心考点：for 与 since 的辨析 引导词 表意 后接内容 常见搭配 例句 for 回答「持续了多久」，强调时长 时间段 for 5 years, for a long time, for two months I have studied English for five years. since 回答「从什么时候开始」，强调起点 时间点 / 一般过去时从句 since 2020, since last week, since I was a child She has worked here since she left college. 4. 必背规则：短暂性动词 → 延续性动词转换 易错提示：短暂性动词（瞬间完成的动作）不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，必须替换为对应的延续性表达。 短暂性动词（不可接时间段） 延续性表达（可接时间段） 例句 buy 购买 have 拥有 I have had this bike for five years. borrow 借入 keep 保存 You can keep the book for two weeks. die 死亡 be dead 去世的 His grandpa has been dead for ten years. leave 离开 be away 离开的 He has been away from home for a month. join 加入 be in / be a member of She has been in the club since 2023. begin/start 开始 be on 进行中 The film has been on for ten minutes. 5. 重点句型 · 时长提问句型 结构：How long + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 用法：专门对 for/since 引导的时间状语提问，答句必须含时间段 / 时间点。 例句：How long have you lived in this city? · 同义转换句型 结构：It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 等价于：主语 + 现在完成时 + for + 时间段 例句：It is three years since he moved here. = He has lived here for three years. 6. 解题判断技巧 ①　先看时间状语：出现「时间段」选 for，出现「时间点 / 过去的句子」选 since； ②　再看动词属性：只要与时间段搭配，必须将短暂性动词替换为延续性表达； ③　看到 How long 开头的问句，优先判断为现在完成时持续用法，答句必带 for/since。 一、单项选择 1．—Why not ________ inside? It’s raining outside. —Good idea! A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 2．Don’t ________ with your parents about small things. A．knock B．argue C．reach D．divide 3．The road is too ________ for two cars to pass together. A．glad B．real C．narrow D．correct 4．Our class is ________ and full of fun every day. A．narrow B．lively C．spare D．basic 5．This classroom is ________, not ours. A．they B．their C．theirs D．them 6．I managed ________ the movie ticket before the film started. A．get B．to get C．getting D．got 7．— Have you seen him ________? — No, I can’t find him these days. A．online B．recently C．exactly D．seldom 8．—Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him for a week. —He ________ Beijing on business. He will be back next Monday. A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．will go to 9．—I often hear Miss Smith sing next door in the evenings. It always makes me happy. —That’s cool! Having a music teacher as a(n) ________ is really a gift! A．princess B．explorer C．hero D．neighbour 10．—I hear Sam has gone to Shanghai. Is he coming back soon? —No. He has ________ there for a job interview. He won’t return until next Friday. A．been B．gone C．been in D．been to 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．Uncle Lin does things ________. Sometimes I can’t understand him. (different) 2．________ media plays an important role in our daily life now. (society) 3．The mid-term exam is coming and we are ________. (stress) 4．________, we have learnt a lot about DeepSeek. (recent) 5．True friendship is ________, more valuable than diamonds. (price) 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Once there were two close friends named Anna and Bella. They did everything together and shared all their secrets. However, one day, Anna accidentally told another classmate one of Bella’s secrets. When Bella found out, she felt very 1 and stopped talking to Anna. Anna was heartbroken. She knew she had made a 2 mistake and wanted to fix their friendship. For a whole week, she tried to talk to Bella, but Bella refused to 3 her. Anna didn’t give up. She wrote a long letter to Bella, 4 how sorry she was and promising never to break her trust again. Bella read the letter many times. She 5 that Anna truly regretted what she had done. Slowly, Bella began to 6 that nobody is perfect and everyone makes mistakes sometimes. After thinking it over for several days, Bella finally 7 Anna’s apology. She walked up to Anna at lunch and said, “I forgive you. Let’s 8 our friendship.” Anna was overjoyed. From that day on, their friendship became even 9 than before. They learnt that the key to getting along well is to 10 each other and communicate openly when problems arise. 1．A．excited B．angry C．relaxed D．surprised 2．A．serious B．simple C．funny D．common 3．A．agree with B．listen to C．look after D．wait for 4．A．asking B．guessing C．explaining D．wondering 5．A．realized B．promised C．introduced D．remembered 6．A．refuse B．understand C．doubt D．forget 7．A．received B．offered C．accepted D．refused 8．A．break B．repair C．compare D．test 9．A．weaker B．stronger C．shorter D．longer 10．A．trust B．change C．control D．protect 四 、阅读理解 (一) Do you still write letters now? If you still do it, you may know the World Letter Writing Day. It is on September 1st. It is a great day to pick up a pen and paper and write a letter to someone. People set the holiday to keep the art of letter writing alive (继续存在) in the digital (数字的) age. For a long time, letter writing was a great way of long-distance communication (远程沟通). However, the appearance of new ways of communication makes letter writing not popular any more. Few people would like to take the time to sit down and write a letter. Though the new technologies (技术) make us communicate with others quickly, letter writing is still important for a number of reasons. Writing a letter to someone shows that you really care about them, because you take the time and effort to do something people seldom do these days. Handwriting is also good for your brain. Writing by hand helps it think in a different way. Another reason is that writing a letter makes you really think about what you are writing. Now we often send texts and emails quickly without thinking about the feelings of the receivers. When you write by hand, you are more careful with the words you use. So, how do we celebrate this day? The best way is to write a letter to someone. It could be a friend or your family. Why not start now? 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a story. D．By showing a saying. 2．Why do people set the World Letter Writing Day? A．To keep the art of letter writing alive. B．To make people interested in hand writing. C．To let people know the history of letter writing. D．To teach people more writing skills. 3．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．When does letter writing become popular? B．How does letter writing change people’s life? C．What do people do to keep up letter writing? D．Why is letter writing still important? 4．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代)? A．The hand. B．The email. C．The eye. D．The brain. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Celebrations for World Letter Writing Day B．Write a Letter on World Letter Writing Day C．Communicate with Others in a New Way D．Advice on Letter Writing （二） Having a good conversation is a pleasant thing for most people. But not every conversation is good. Sometimes there is a moment of uncomfortable silence when people try to think of something to say. And some conversations are one-sided. For example, one person asks all the questions, and the other just gives one-word answers. A good conversation needs two or more people to keep it going. They need to say things that others can share ideas on. To start a conversation, ask something about the other person. “What do you do?” is a good way to start. You can also simply say, “Tell me about yourself.” Most people love to talk about themselves. When the other person is talking, it’s important to show interest in what he says. When he finishes, ask some questions and listen to the answers. Don’t let your eyes wander (目光游移) around the room as he talks. That gives the other person the message that you’re not really interested in what he says. A good conversation should end well, too. After you talk for some time, you can say, “I need to leave now.” You may also give a reason. Say something like, “I really need to get going. My exercise class will start in 10 minutes.” Such ending might be the beginning of another good conversation. Now, go out and enjoy a good conversation. Good conversations play an important role in good relationships. So people who are good at talking may have better interpersonal (人际的) relationships. 1．What does the underlined (画线的) word “silence” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．A situation when someone is laughing. B．A situation when someone is making a noise. C．A situation when everyone is speaking. D．A situation when no one is speaking. 2．According to the text, what is a good way to start a conversation? A．Talk about your own interests. B．Ask something about the other person. C．Say “I don’t like small talk.” D．Keep quiet and wait for the other to speak. 3．How can you end a conversation politely? A．Start to watch your phone. B．Talk about boring topics. C．Change to another topic quickly. D．Say you need to leave and give a reason. 4．Which of the following will the writer agree with? A．Good conversations are not important for relationships. B．Only outgoing people can have good conversations. C．If you are good at talking, you may have better interpersonal relationships. D．One-sided conversations are pleasant. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Why People Need to Talk More B．Tips for Having Good Conversations C．How People Start a Good Conversation D．The Importance of Good Conversations 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 My name is David, and I want to share a story about how I learned the importance of respect in friendship. Last year, my friend Sam got a new hobby—playing the guitar. He practised every day after school. At first, I thought it was cool. But soon, I started to feel a bit annoyed because the noise sometimes made it hard for me to do my homework. One day, I was trying to finish a difficult maths problem, and Sam was playing the guitar loudly next door. I was so frustrated that I went to his room and said angrily, “Can you stop that awful noise? No one wants to hear it!” Sam’s face turned red. He put his guitar down and didn’t say anything. After that day, he stopped playing when I was at home. Our friendship became a bit awkward. I realized I had been very rude and selfish. I only thought about my own problem, not his feelings. Playing guitar made him happy. I decided to apologize. I said, “Sam, I’m really sorry for what I said. Your playing isn’t awful. I was just frustrated with my homework. Could you maybe play a little softer when I’m studying?” Sam smiled and agreed. We also decided that I would tell him politely when I needed quiet time. Now, I sometimes even enjoy listening to him play. This experience taught me that respecting each other’s interests and needs is the key to getting along. 1．What was Sam’s new hobby? 2．Why did David feel annoyed at first? 3．What did David say to Sam that hurt his feelings? 4．What did David do after he realized his mistake? 5．What did David learn from this experience? 六、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 advice  word  easy  they  on  what  make  listen  simple  say Humans are born with the ability to communicate, but some people are better at it than others. Some people are very good at 1 and find it easy to express their ideas to others. Other people find it difficult to express 2 well, especially in public. The good news is that communication skills can be learned. Here are some pieces of 3 . Remember that talking to other people depends 4 body language and facial expressions besides words. If you look and sound confident, people will pay attention to what you 5 , even if you don’t feel so confident. Look people in the eye when you speak to them. It 6 you seem more honest and friendly, and people will find it 7 and more interesting to talk to you. Practice 8 to other people. The most important part of communication is listening. That’s why we have two ears and one mouth. When you listen to people, watching their face and body language will help you understand 9 they mean. Think before you open your mouth. The best communicators express their ideas in short and 10 ways. If you are trying to convince (使信服) people of something, be clear and use as few words as possible. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、围绕 “Getting along” 主题，复习人际交往、朋友相处、矛盾化解、分享感悟的文本内容，理解故事传递的友善与分享的内涵。 2、重点掌握人际相处、矛盾、沟通、分享类词汇与短语。 3、能用现在完成时（for /since）描述延续至今的经历与状态；能够区分延续性动词、短暂性动词。 4、能围绕 “和朋友如何相处、遇到矛盾如何处理、分享带来什么收获” 开展口头问答与书面表达，提升人际交往感悟与文本理解表达能力。 复习重难点 重点：现在完成时（for/since 表延续）的结构与运用；延续性动词与短暂性动词辨析；人际交往主题的核心句型。 难点：for +时间段与since+时间点的辨析；短暂动词不能搭配时间段的易错点；写作中结合事例完整叙述相处经历，表达个人感悟。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1 Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there. 从那以后，他再也没有在那里见过孩子。 since作介词，意为“自从……以来；自从……之后”，后接时间点，常与现在完成时连用，谓语动词要用延续性动词；since作连词，意为“因为；既然”，可引导原因状语从句。 【固定搭配】 ① since + 时间点 自从……（介词） ② since + 一般过去时从句 自从…… 【例句】 1. I have lived here since 2020.自从2020年我就住在这里。 2. Since you are tired, you can have a rest.既然你累了，可以休息一下。 【易混辨析】since & for since后接时间点，表示动作开始的时间 for后接时间段，表示动作或状态持续多久 【例句】 1. We have known each other since May.我们从五月份就认识彼此。 2. We have known each other for ten years.我们已经认识十年了。 知识点2 The children look afraid. 孩子们看起来很害怕。 afraid为形容词，意为“害怕的；恐惧的”，常放在be动词后作表语。 【固定搭配】 ① be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕（做）某事 ② be afraid to do sth. 害怕去做某事 ③ I’m afraid… 恐怕……（口语委婉表达） 【例句】 1. She is afraid of the dark.她害怕黑暗。 2. He is afraid to go out alone.他害怕独自外出。 3. I’m afraid you are wrong.恐怕你错了。 知识点3Sharing has allowed/shown/taught me… 分享允许/展现/教会了我…… allow为动词，意为“允许；容许；准许”。 【固定搭配】 ① allow sth. 允许某事 ② allow sb. (not) to do sth.（不）允许某人做某事 ③ be (not) allowed to do sth.（不）被允许做某事 【例句】 1. We don’t allow smoking here.我们这里不允许吸烟。 2. My mum doesn’t allow me to stay out late.妈妈不允许我在外待到很晚。 3. You are not allowed to take photos.不允许你拍照。 知识点4 Examples include a fear of heights and a fear of attending social events.例子包括恐高和害怕参加社交活动。 attend为动词，意为“参加；出席；到场”，多用于正式场合。 【固定搭配】attend meetings / social events 出席会议/社交活动 【例句】 1. You should attend the meeting on time.你应当准时出席会议。 【易混辨析】attend / join / join in / take part in attend出席会议、典礼、讲座等正式活动 join加入团体、组织，成为其中一员 join in参与小型活动、游戏 take part in参加群众性大型活动，在活动中发挥作用 【辨析例句】 1. He will attend a wedding.他要出席一场婚礼。 2. I want to join the football club.我想加入足球俱乐部。 3. Please join in our game.请加入我们的游戏。 4. Many students take part in the sports meeting.很多学生参加运动会。 知识点5Two local families, the Zhangs and the Wus, argued over the dividing line between their houses. 当地的两个家庭，张家和吴家，就房屋之间的分界线发生了争执。 divide为动词，意为“（把……）分开”，指把整体划分成若干部分。 【固定搭配】 ① divide…into… 把……分成…… ② be divided into… 被分成…… 【例句】 1. Let’s divide the class into four groups.我们把班级分成四个小组。 2. The year is divided into four seasons.一年被分为四个季节。 知识点6 They couldn’t reach an agreement.他们无法达成协议。 agreement为名词，意为“（意见的）一致；相合”；动词形式为agree，反义词disagree。 【固定搭配】 ① agree with sb. 同意某人观点 ② reach an agreement 达成协议 ③ disagree with sb. 不同意某人观点 ④ in agreement with… 同意……；与……一致 【例句】 1. I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 2. They reached an agreement at last. 他们最终达成了协议。 3. I disagree with his idea. 我不赞同他的想法。 4. We are in agreement with the plan. 我们赞同这个计划。 【易混辨析】 · agree with（同意人/观点） · agree to（同意计划、提议） 【辨析例句】 1. I agree with him. 我同意他（的观点）。 2. He agreed to the new rule. 他同意了这项新规定。 知识点7 Whenever they walk down the lane, they remember how kindness encourages more kindness.每当他们走过这条巷子，他们就会想起善意如何激发更多的善意。 whenever连词，意为“每当；无论什么时候”，相当于no matter when。whenever引导时间/让步状语从句 【例句】 1. Whenever I meet difficulties, he helps me.每当我遇到困难，他都会帮助我。 2. Whenever you come, you are welcome.无论你何时来，都欢迎你。 1. Whatever you do, do it well.无论你做什么，都把它做好。 2. Wherever you go, I will follow you.无论你去哪里，我都会跟着你。 知识点8 There are no birds or flowers.没有鸟儿，也没有花朵。 表示“某地/某时有某人或某物”，be动词和就近的主语保持数的一致（就近原则）。 【用法】 ① There be +名词（就近原则） ② There be sb./sth. doing sth. 有某人/某物正在做某事 【例句】 1. There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。 2. There are some children playing in the park.公园里有一些孩子正在玩耍。 【注意】 there be句型不能和have同时连用 知识点9 Getting along with others is important because…与他人和睦相处很重要，因为…… 动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；两个及以上动名词并列作主语，谓语动词用复数。 【用法】doing sth. +谓语 动名词短语作主语 【例句】 1. Reading is good for us.阅读对我们有益。 2. Running and swimming help us keep healthy.跑步和游泳帮助我们保持健康。 【拓展】单个动名词作主语→谓语用三单；多个动名词并列作主语→谓语用复数形式 单元语法：现在完成时 一、现在完成时（表动作持续） 1. 核心用法 表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，且未来可能继续延续，强调动作的延续性，必须搭配可延续的时间状语使用。 2. 基本句式结构 以实义动词 live 为例，结构随人称变化，第三人称单数用 has，其余人称用 have： · 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 例句：I have lived in this city for 3 years. · 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他 缩写形式：haven't /hasn't 例句：She hasn't lived here since 2022. · 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ · 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. · 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. 例句：Have you known each other for a long time? 3. 核心考点：for 与 since 的辨析 引导词 表意 后接内容 常见搭配 例句 for 回答「持续了多久」，强调时长 时间段 for 5 years, for a long time, for two months I have studied English for five years. since 回答「从什么时候开始」，强调起点 时间点 / 一般过去时从句 since 2020, since last week, since I was a child She has worked here since she left college. 4. 必背规则：短暂性动词 → 延续性动词转换 易错提示：短暂性动词（瞬间完成的动作）不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，必须替换为对应的延续性表达。 短暂性动词（不可接时间段） 延续性表达（可接时间段） 例句 buy 购买 have 拥有 I have had this bike for five years. borrow 借入 keep 保存 You can keep the book for two weeks. die 死亡 be dead 去世的 His grandpa has been dead for ten years. leave 离开 be away 离开的 He has been away from home for a month. join 加入 be in / be a member of She has been in the club since 2023. begin/start 开始 be on 进行中 The film has been on for ten minutes. 5. 重点句型 · 时长提问句型 结构：How long + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？ 用法：专门对 for/since 引导的时间状语提问，答句必须含时间段 / 时间点。 例句：How long have you lived in this city? · 同义转换句型 结构：It is + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 等价于：主语 + 现在完成时 + for + 时间段 例句：It is three years since he moved here. = He has lived here for three years. 6. 解题判断技巧 ①　先看时间状语：出现「时间段」选 for，出现「时间点 / 过去的句子」选 since； ②　再看动词属性：只要与时间段搭配，必须将短暂性动词替换为延续性表达； ③　看到 How long 开头的问句，优先判断为现在完成时持续用法，答句必带 for/since。 一、单项选择 1．—Why not ________ inside? It’s raining outside. —Good idea! A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为什么不进去呢？外面正在下雨。——好主意！ 固定句型“Why not+动词原形”意思是“为什么不……呢”，用来提出建议。这里要用动词原形go。 2．Don’t ________ with your parents about small things. A．knock B．argue C．reach D．divide 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要因为小事和你的父母争吵。 knock敲；argue争吵；reach到达；divide分开。根据“with your parents about small things”可知，此处是建议不要因琐事与父母发生争执，argue with sb. about sth.意为“因某事与某人争吵”，符合语境，应填argue。 3．The road is too ________ for two cars to pass together. A．glad B．real C．narrow D．correct 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这条路太窄了，两辆车无法一起通过。 glad高兴的；real真实的；narrow窄的；correct正确的。根据“too...for two cars to pass together”可知，两辆车不能一起通过，说明路太“窄”，应填narrow。 4．Our class is ________ and full of fun every day. A．narrow B．lively C．spare D．basic 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的班级每天都很活泼且充满乐趣。 narrow狭窄的；lively活泼的；spare空闲的；basic基本的。根据“full of fun every day”可知班级氛围是活跃有趣的，lively符合语境。应填lively。 5．This classroom is ________, not ours. A．they B．their C．theirs D．them 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这间教室是他们的，不是我们的。 they他们；their他们的；theirs他们的；them他们。根据“not ours”可知，此处表示所属关系，且空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词theirs相当于their classroom。应填theirs。 6．I managed ________ the movie ticket before the film started. A．get B．to get C．getting D．got 【答案】B 【详解】句意：电影开始前，我设法买到了电影票。 固定搭配manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。 7．— Have you seen him ________? — No, I can’t find him these days. A．online B．recently C．exactly D．seldom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最近见过他吗？——没有，我这些天找不到他。 online在线地；recently最近；exactly确切地；seldom很少。根据问句“Have you seen”以及答句“I can’t find him these days.”可知，此处询问的是“最近”是否见过他，recently符合语境。 8．—Where is Tom? I haven’t seen him for a week. —He ________ Beijing on business. He will be back next Monday. A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．will go to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆在哪里？我已经一个星期没见到他了。——他去北京出差了。他下周一回来。 has been to去过某地，现在已经回来了；has gone to去了某地，人现在还在目的地，尚未返回；went to过去去了，一般过去时；will go to将要去，将来时。根据问句“Where is Tom?”可知，汤姆此刻不在说话现场，结合答语“He will be back next Monday.”可知，他还没回来，表示去了某地未回，应填has gone to。 9．—I often hear Miss Smith sing next door in the evenings. It always makes me happy. —That’s cool! Having a music teacher as a(n) ________ is really a gift! A．princess B．explorer C．hero D．neighbour 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我经常在晚上听到史密斯小姐在隔壁唱歌。这总是让我很开心。——太酷了！有一个音乐老师作为邻居真是件礼物！ princess公主；explorer探险家；hero英雄；neighbour邻居。根据“I often hear Miss Smith sing next door”可知史密斯小姐住在隔壁，所以她是邻居。应填neighbour。 10．—I hear Sam has gone to Shanghai. Is he coming back soon? —No. He has ________ there for a job interview. He won’t return until next Friday. A．been B．gone C．been in D．been to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说Sam已经去上海了。他很快回来吗？——不。他待在那里参加面试。他直到下周五才会回来。 have gone to 去了某地（尚未返回）；have been to 去过某地（已经返回）；have been in 在某地（持续停留）。地点副词there前面不加介词，不能使用in或to。根据“He won't return until next Friday”可知强调待在那里的状态，应用been。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．Uncle Lin does things ________. Sometimes I can’t understand him. (different) 【答案】differently 【详解】句意：林叔叔做事方式不同。有时我不能理解他。此处需用副词修饰动词“does”，“different”的副词形式是“differently”，表示“不同地”。应填differently。 2．________ media plays an important role in our daily life now. (society) 【答案】Social 【详解】句意：如今，社交媒体在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。所给的词society为名词，意为“社会”。空格后是名词media，需要形容词来修饰名词，society对应的形容词是social，social media为固定搭配，意为“社交媒体”。 3．The mid-term exam is coming and we are ________. (stress) 【答案】stressed 【详解】句意：期中考试即将来临，我们压力很大。所给的词stress为名词/动词，意为“压力；使焦虑”。此处主语是人we，需要用形容词修饰人，stress对应的形容人的形容词是stressed，意为“感到有压力的”。 4．________, we have learnt a lot about DeepSeek. (recent) 【答案】Recently 【详解】句意：最近，我们了解到了很多关于深度求索的信息。所给的词recent为形容词，意为“最近的”。此处位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，需要使用副词形式recently。 5．True friendship is ________, more valuable than diamonds. (price) 【答案】priceless 【详解】句意：真正的友谊是无价的，比钻石更珍贵。所给的词price为名词，意为“价格”。根据后半句“比钻石更珍贵”可知，此处表达友谊没有价格、无价的含义，需要变换为形容词priceless“无价的”作表语。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Once there were two close friends named Anna and Bella. They did everything together and shared all their secrets. However, one day, Anna accidentally told another classmate one of Bella’s secrets. When Bella found out, she felt very 1 and stopped talking to Anna. Anna was heartbroken. She knew she had made a 2 mistake and wanted to fix their friendship. For a whole week, she tried to talk to Bella, but Bella refused to 3 her. Anna didn’t give up. She wrote a long letter to Bella, 4 how sorry she was and promising never to break her trust again. Bella read the letter many times. She 5 that Anna truly regretted what she had done. Slowly, Bella began to 6 that nobody is perfect and everyone makes mistakes sometimes. After thinking it over for several days, Bella finally 7 Anna’s apology. She walked up to Anna at lunch and said, “I forgive you. Let’s 8 our friendship.” Anna was overjoyed. From that day on, their friendship became even 9 than before. They learnt that the key to getting along well is to 10 each other and communicate openly when problems arise. 1．A．excited B．angry C．relaxed D．surprised 2．A．serious B．simple C．funny D．common 3．A．agree with B．listen to C．look after D．wait for 4．A．asking B．guessing C．explaining D．wondering 5．A．realized B．promised C．introduced D．remembered 6．A．refuse B．understand C．doubt D．forget 7．A．received B．offered C．accepted D．refused 8．A．break B．repair C．compare D．test 9．A．weaker B．stronger C．shorter D．longer 10．A．trust B．change C．control D．protect 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了Anna和Bella两位好朋友之间因秘密泄露产生矛盾，最终通过沟通与原谅修复友谊的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：当Bella发现时，她感到非常生气，不再和Anna说话。 根据“stopped talking to Anna”及泄露秘密的情节，可知Bella很生气，angry“生气的”符合语境。excited“兴奋的”，relaxed“放松的”，surprised“惊讶的”情感不符。 2．句意：她知道她犯了一个严重的错误，想要修复友谊。 根据泄露朋友秘密这一行为，可知是严重的错误，serious“严重的”符合语境。simple“简单的”，funny“有趣的”，common“普通的”程度不符。 3．句意：整整一周，她都试图和Bella沟通，但Bella拒绝听她说话。 根据“tried to talk to Bella”可知Anna想沟通，Bella拒绝听。根据语境，talk对应listen to，意为“倾听”符合语境。agree with“同意”，look after“照顾”，wait for“等待”逻辑不通。 4．句意：她给Bella写了一封长信，解释自己有多愧疚，并承诺再也不辜负她的信任。 根据“how sorry she was”可知信中包含解释歉意，explaining“解释”符合语境。asking“询问”，guessing“猜测”，wondering“想知道”语境不符。 5．句意：她意识到Anna是真的为自己做过的事感到后悔。 根据“Bella read the letter many times”可知读信后明白真相用realize“意识到”。promised“承诺”，introduced“介绍”，remembered“记得”选项不符。 6．句意：慢慢地，Bella开始明白没有人是完美的，每个人都会偶尔犯错。 根据“nobody is perfect”可知这是一种道理上的理解，understand“明白、理解”符合语境。refuse“拒绝”，doubt“怀疑”，forget“忘记”选项不符。 7．句意：思考好几天之后，Bella最终接受了Anna的道歉。 根据“I forgive you”可知Bella选择原谅，主动接纳对方的道歉，accept侧重“主观接纳”。received“客观收到”，offered“主动提供”，refused“拒绝”语境不符。 8．句意：午餐时她走向Anna说：“我原谅你了，我们修复我们的友谊吧。” 根据前文“fix their friendship”可知目的是修复，矛盾后需要repair“修复”关系。break“破坏”，compare“对比”，test“测试”语境不符。 9．句意：从那天起，她们的友谊比从前更加牢固。 根据“overjoyed”及矛盾解决后的积极结果，可知友谊变强，than提示用比较级，stronger“更牢固”符合语境。weaker“更脆弱”，shorter“更短暂”，longer“更长”语境不符。 10．句意：她们学到，和睦相处的关键是彼此信任，出现问题时坦诚沟通。 根据前文“break her trust”及文章主旨，可知关键是信任，trust“信任”符合语境。change“改变”，control“控制”，protect“保护”语境不符。 四、阅读理解 (一) Do you still write letters now? If you still do it, you may know the World Letter Writing Day. It is on September 1st. It is a great day to pick up a pen and paper and write a letter to someone. People set the holiday to keep the art of letter writing alive (继续存在) in the digital (数字的) age. For a long time, letter writing was a great way of long-distance communication (远程沟通). However, the appearance of new ways of communication makes letter writing not popular any more. Few people would like to take the time to sit down and write a letter. Though the new technologies (技术) make us communicate with others quickly, letter writing is still important for a number of reasons. Writing a letter to someone shows that you really care about them, because you take the time and effort to do something people seldom do these days. Handwriting is also good for your brain. Writing by hand helps it think in a different way. Another reason is that writing a letter makes you really think about what you are writing. Now we often send texts and emails quickly without thinking about the feelings of the receivers. When you write by hand, you are more careful with the words you use. So, how do we celebrate this day? The best way is to write a letter to someone. It could be a friend or your family. Why not start now? 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a story. D．By showing a saying. 2．Why do people set the World Letter Writing Day? A．To keep the art of letter writing alive. B．To make people interested in hand writing. C．To let people know the history of letter writing. D．To teach people more writing skills. 3．Which question can help readers know the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．When does letter writing become popular? B．How does letter writing change people’s life? C．What do people do to keep up letter writing? D．Why is letter writing still important? 4．What does the underlined word “it” refer to (指代)? A．The hand. B．The email. C．The eye. D．The brain. 5．What’s the best title for the text? A．Celebrations for World Letter Writing Day B．Write a Letter on World Letter Writing Day C．Communicate with Others in a New Way D．Advice on Letter Writing 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文以世界写信日为核心，介绍了该节日的设立目的、手写书信在当下仍具备重要意义的多重原因，最后倡议大家以给他人写信的方式庆祝世界写信日，让书信书写的艺术在数字时代延续下去。 【详解】 1．文章第一段第一句“Do you still write letters now?”是一个一般疑问句。作者通过提出问题的方式引出下文。 2．根据第一段最后一句“People set the holiday to keep the art of letter writing alive (继续存在) in the digital (数字的) age.”可知，人们设立这个节日是为了在数字时代让书信写作这门艺术继续存在。 3．第三段首句提到“... letter writing is still important for a number of reasons”，接着列举了写信表示关心、对手脑有益、促使人仔细思考等原因。因此，问题“Why is letter writing still important?”最能概括该段主旨。 4．画线词“it”所在的前一句是“Handwriting is also good for your brain.”，紧接着说“Writing by hand helps it think in a different way.”，这里的“it”指代前句中提到的大脑（brain）。 5．文章介绍了“世界书信写作日”，分析了写信在当下的重要性，并在最后一段号召大家在这一天给亲友写信。选项B“Write a Letter on World Letter Writing Day”既点明了节日背景，又概括了文章的核心倡议，最适合作为标题。 （二） Having a good conversation is a pleasant thing for most people. But not every conversation is good. Sometimes there is a moment of uncomfortable silence when people try to think of something to say. And some conversations are one-sided. For example, one person asks all the questions, and the other just gives one-word answers. A good conversation needs two or more people to keep it going. They need to say things that others can share ideas on. To start a conversation, ask something about the other person. “What do you do?” is a good way to start. You can also simply say, “Tell me about yourself.” Most people love to talk about themselves. When the other person is talking, it’s important to show interest in what he says. When he finishes, ask some questions and listen to the answers. Don’t let your eyes wander (目光游移) around the room as he talks. That gives the other person the message that you’re not really interested in what he says. A good conversation should end well, too. After you talk for some time, you can say, “I need to leave now.” You may also give a reason. Say something like, “I really need to get going. My exercise class will start in 10 minutes.” Such ending might be the beginning of another good conversation. Now, go out and enjoy a good conversation. Good conversations play an important role in good relationships. So people who are good at talking may have better interpersonal (人际的) relationships. 1．What does the underlined (画线的) word “silence” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．A situation when someone is laughing. B．A situation when someone is making a noise. C．A situation when everyone is speaking. D．A situation when no one is speaking. 2．According to the text, what is a good way to start a conversation? A．Talk about your own interests. B．Ask something about the other person. C．Say “I don’t like small talk.” D．Keep quiet and wait for the other to speak. 3．How can you end a conversation politely? A．Start to watch your phone. B．Talk about boring topics. C．Change to another topic quickly. D．Say you need to leave and give a reason. 4．Which of the following will the writer agree with? A．Good conversations are not important for relationships. B．Only outgoing people can have good conversations. C．If you are good at talking, you may have better interpersonal relationships. D．One-sided conversations are pleasant. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Why People Need to Talk More B．Tips for Having Good Conversations C．How People Start a Good Conversation D．The Importance of Good Conversations 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了拥有愉快交谈的各类技巧，包括如何开启对话、认真倾听以及礼貌结束交谈，并指出良好的交谈有助于建立良好人际关系。 【详解】 1．第一段明确指出：“Sometimes there is a moment of uncomfortable silence when people try to think of something to say”，人们努力想找话说，说明此刻没有人发言。此时出现的尴尬“silence”指没人说话的状态。 2．第二段明确指出：“To start a conversation, ask something about the other person”，说明直接给出开启对话的方法，询问和对方有关的事情。 3．第四段指出：“You can say, ‘I need to leave now.’ You may also give a reason”，说明礼貌结束对话的方式是说明需要离开并给出理由。 4．最后一段指出：“So people who are good at talking may have better interpersonal relationships”，说明作者同意擅长谈话有助于人际关系。 5．本文详细介绍了如何开始、维持和结束对话，以及好对话的重要性，旨在提供拥有良好对话的建议。 五、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，回答问题。 My name is David, and I want to share a story about how I learned the importance of respect in friendship. Last year, my friend Sam got a new hobby—playing the guitar. He practised every day after school. At first, I thought it was cool. But soon, I started to feel a bit annoyed because the noise sometimes made it hard for me to do my homework. One day, I was trying to finish a difficult maths problem, and Sam was playing the guitar loudly next door. I was so frustrated that I went to his room and said angrily, “Can you stop that awful noise? No one wants to hear it!” Sam’s face turned red. He put his guitar down and didn’t say anything. After that day, he stopped playing when I was at home. Our friendship became a bit awkward. I realized I had been very rude and selfish. I only thought about my own problem, not his feelings. Playing guitar made him happy. I decided to apologize. I said, “Sam, I’m really sorry for what I said. Your playing isn’t awful. I was just frustrated with my homework. Could you maybe play a little softer when I’m studying?” Sam smiled and agreed. We also decided that I would tell him politely when I needed quiet time. Now, I sometimes even enjoy listening to him play. This experience taught me that respecting each other’s interests and needs is the key to getting along. 1．What was Sam’s new hobby? 2．Why did David feel annoyed at first? 3．What did David say to Sam that hurt his feelings? 4．What did David do after he realized his mistake? 5．What did David learn from this experience? 【答案】 1．Playing the guitar. 2．Because the noise sometimes made it hard for him to do his homework. 3．He said, “Can you stop that awful noise? No one wants to hear it!” 4．He apologized to Sam and suggested a solution (playing softer). 5．He learned that respecting each other’s interests and needs is the key to getting along. 【导语】本文主要讲述了David通过与朋友Sam之间关于弹吉他噪音的冲突及和解，学会了在友谊中尊重彼此兴趣和需求的重要性。 【详解】 1．第二段“Last year, my friend Sam got a new hobby—playing the guitar.”，这句话直接点明Sam的新爱好是弹吉他。 2．第二段“But soon, I started to feel a bit annoyed because the noise sometimes made it hard for me to do my homework.”，原文明确说明David感到恼火的原因是吉他噪音有时让他很难完成家庭作业。 3．第二段“I went to his room and said angrily, ‘Can you stop that awful noise? No one wants to hear it!’”，这句话是David 愤怒说出的话，伤害了Sam的感情。 4．第四段“I decided to apologize...Could you maybe play a little softer when I’m studying?”，可以推出David意识到错误后，主动向Sam道歉，并且提议自己学习的时候让Sam 弹得轻一点。 5．最后一段“This experience taught me that respecting each other’s interests and needs is the key to getting along.”，这句话点明了作者从这次经历中得到的感悟：尊重彼此的兴趣与需求是和睦相处的关键。 六、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 advice  word  easy  they  on  what  make  listen  simple  say Humans are born with the ability to communicate, but some people are better at it than others. Some people are very good at 1 and find it easy to express their ideas to others. Other people find it difficult to express 2 well, especially in public. The good news is that communication skills can be learned. Here are some pieces of 3 . Remember that talking to other people depends 4 body language and facial expressions besides words. If you look and sound confident, people will pay attention to what you 5 , even if you don’t feel so confident. Look people in the eye when you speak to them. It 6 you seem more honest and friendly, and people will find it 7 and more interesting to talk to you. Practice 8 to other people. The most important part of communication is listening. That’s why we have two ears and one mouth. When you listen to people, watching their face and body language will help you understand 9 they mean. Think before you open your mouth. The best communicators express their ideas in short and 10 ways. If you are trying to convince (使信服) people of something, be clear and use as few words as possible. 【答案】 1．words 2．themselves 3．advice 4．on 5．say 6．makes 7．easier 8．listening 9．what 10．simple 【导语】本文讲述了人类交流能力的差异，以及如何提高交流技能。文章指出，虽然有些人天生善于交流，但交流技能是可以通过学习获得的。同时，文章给出了一些提高交流能力的建议，包括利用肢体语言和面部表情、保持眼神交流、练习倾听以及简洁明了地表达观点等。 【详解】 1．句意：有些人很擅长言辞，很容易向别人表达自己的想法。根据后文“find it easy to express their ideas to others”可知，此处表示“擅长言辞”word的复数形式words表示“言语”，符合语境。 2．句意：另一些人则很难很好地表达自己，尤其是在公共场合。主语Other people为复数，此处指表达“他们自己”，需用they的反身代词themselves。 3．句意：这里有一些建议。此处指给出建议，不可数名词advice“建议”符合语境，固定搭配some pieces of advice表示“一些建议”。 4．句意：记住，与他人交谈除了语言之外，还要依靠肢体语言和面部表情。固定搭配depend on表示“依靠，依赖。 5．句意：如果你看起来和听起来都很自信，人们会注意到你说的话，即使你不那么自信。此处指“人们会关注你所说的内容”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是you，指“说话的内容”，用动词say，填原形。 6．句意：这会让你看起来更诚实、更友好，人们会发现和你交谈更容易、更有趣。主语It指代前文提到的“Look people in the eye when you speak to them.”眼神交流这种行为，会使人看起来更诚实也更友好，使役动词make表示“使变得，使处于”，符合语义，主语It为第三人称单数，句子时态为一般现在时，故动词make需用三单形式makes。 7．句意：这会让你看起来更诚实、更友好，人们会发现和你交谈更容易、更有趣。空处与more interesting并列，应用形容词的比较级形式，结合语境，诚实友好的人交谈起来会更容易和更有趣，easy“容易的”符合语境，比较级为easier。 8．句意：练习倾听他人。根据后文“The most important part of communication is listening.”可知，此处指倾听，listen“听”符合语境，practice doing sth.为固定用法，表示“练习做某事”，故listen变为动名词listening。 9．句意：当你听别人说话时，观察他们的脸和肢体语言会帮助你理解他们的意思。understand后接宾语从句，从句中mean缺少宾语，指“他们所说的意思”，应用what引导从句。 10．句意：最好的沟通者用简短而简单的方式表达他们的想法。空处与形容词short并列修饰名词ways，应用形容词原形，此处指简短且简单的方式，simple“简单的”符合语境。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $