Unit 5 Learning from Nature Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection 分级课时练习-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A级（必备知识）与B级（素养提升）分层设计，构建从词汇语法到语篇应用的进阶路径，适配高中英语新授课基础巩固与能力拓展需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|核心词汇拼写、基础语法（词性转换/时态等）、简单句型写作|整合高考真题改编题（如2023新课标卷语法填空），聚焦单一知识点夯实，培养语言能力| |B级|语篇理解（科普/人物类）、语篇语法填空、应用文与读后续写|设置跨学科情境（如蘑菇忆阻器、建筑师刘家琨），融合文化意识与思维品质，实现综合能力迁移|

Unit 5　Learning from Nature Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection A级 必备知识基础 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.To grow fresh vegetables in summer,many gardeners choose to s　　　　　 the seeds indoors in late winter.  2.The experienced 　　　　　　(医生) patiently listened to the patient’s description and made an accurate diagnosis.  3.The young musician b　　　　　 deeply to the judges to show his respect after finishing his performance.  4.Even though he didn’t get the top score,he still earned a d　　　　　 grade that made his parents proud.  5.After years of dedicated research,the scientist finally a　　　　　 the breakthrough he had been working toward.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)In more technical terms,the 　　　　　　(wise) of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.  2.(2023全国乙卷)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides,there are victories accidentally or 　　　　　　(deliberate) twisted,especially when only the victors know how to write.  3.(2023北京卷)I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying,and I thought the 　　　　　(reject) meant the end of the road for my science career.  4.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the 　　　　　(depart) of the last bus to Prague.  5.(2024 新课标Ⅱ卷)BMF 　　　　　　(employ) live out sustainability in their everyday lives.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.为了回报朋友们的支持与鼓励,她在演出结束后举办了一场小型聚会。 She held a small party after the performance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and encouragement.  2.他坐在图书馆的窗边,认真地阅读着一本关于宇宙探索的书籍。(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he read a book about space exploration carefully.  3.正如我们所知,团队合作在完成复杂任务的过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。(as 作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,teamwork plays a vital role in the process of completing complex tasks.  B级 能力素养提升 Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2026福建泉州高二下月考) What if the computers of tomorrow didn’t depend on metal and plastic,but instead grew from the soil beneath our feet?This idea is turning into reality in a laboratory,where researchers at The Ohio State University have found that common fungi—such as shiitake and button mushrooms—can be used to create memory components for computing. These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors(忆阻器),short for memory resistors.Unlike traditional resistors,memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states.When a current flows in one direction,their resistance increases;when it flows the opposite way,their resistance decreases.Even after the power is switched off,the resistance level remains,thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer. Mushrooms contain a dense,thread-like network known as mycelium(菌丝体),which can send tiny electrical signals—much like memristors do.To test this,scientists attached wires to dried mushrooms and sent small electrical pulses through them.The results were remarkable:the mushrooms switched between electrical states up to 5,850 times per second with about 90% accuracy.Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies,stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together—suggesting a kind of collective intelligence,similar to how brain cells function together. Beyond these exciting results,mushrooms come with major environmental advantages.Traditional memristors rely on scarce minerals and require high energy consumption.Mushrooms,however,are renewable,biodegradable,and easy to grow.Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures,making them suitable for wearable electronics,smart sensors,and other emerging technologies. “Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics—or as large as a culturing factory,” said John LaRocco,the study’s lead author.“All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.” In the not-too-distant future,the computers on our desks may very well have taken root—quite literally—in the forest. 1.What does the underlined word “retain” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Track. B.Store. C.Gather. D.Analyze. 2.What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning brain cells in paragraph 3? A.The complex structure of mushrooms. B.The rapid electrical response of mycelium. C.The cooperative nature of mycelium networks. D.The unstable performance of mushroom devices. 3.What advantages do mushroom-based memristors have according to paragraph 4? A.They are rare and special. B.They are smart and powerful. C.They are creative and productive. D.They are sustainable and adaptable. 4.What can be inferred about organic computing from John LaRocco’s words? A.It has a low barrier to entry. B.It will advance forest research. C.It helps reduce agricultural waste. D.It will create more jobs in factories. Ⅴ.语篇填空 (2026福建宁德高二下期中) Chinese architect Liu Jiakun was announced as the 54th winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize on March 4,2025,making him the second Chinese winner of this highest honor in architecture.Based in Chengdu,his career 1.　　　　　　(stretch) across four decades and more than 30 projects.  Liu’s works often combine local elements 2. a “low-tech” approach to elegance.This philosophy was powerfully demonstrated after the Wenchuan earthquake,when he created “rebirth bricks” 3.　　　　　　(aid) in rebuilding efforts.Made from local wheat fiber,cement,and rubble from collapsed buildings,these bricks were more than just recycled materials.They became a poetic symbol of both physical 4.　　　　　　 spiritual rebirth during a time of great sadness.  Similarly,Liu’s focus on ordinary people is reflected in his largest project,West Village.5.　　　　　　(complete) in 2015,this five-story urban complex in Chengdu includes a football field,paths for cyclists and pedestrians,and a market.Over the years,it has grown into a popular public space where 6.　　　　　(resident) enjoy their leisure time.Hearing the news that Liu won the Pritzker Prize,many online users 7. had visited West Village and other works noted that his architecture reflects a precious sense of relaxation—much like Chengdu,8.　　　　　 city known for its giant pandas,hotpot,and leisurely pace.  Beyond his architectural achievements,Liu has also been praised by the committee for 9.　　　　　(integrate) traditional Chinese philosophy into his designs.He believes that rather than seeking to conquer nature,Chinese philosophy emphasizes 10.　　　　　　(adapt) and coexistence with the natural world.  Ⅵ.应用文写作 (2026山西长治高二下开学考试) 在学校刚举办的Sci-Tech Innovation design competition中,你设计的一款老人智能陪护机器人荣获一等奖。请以“My Intelligent Robot for the Elderly”为题写一篇英语短文,内容包括: 1.设计理由; 2.功能介绍; 3.你的期望。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 My Intelligent Robot for the Elderly 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅶ.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2026湖南衡阳高二下期中) Now,people no longer support animal shows.More and more people think these shows do great harm to the animals,so they are paying more attention to the lives of wild animals back in nature that used to be caught and kept just for performances. Green Matters,a group that cares about animals,thinks it’s important to let people care about these animals returning to the wild.So it tells a warm and touching story about three former performing dolphins:Johnny,Rocky and Rambo.The story mainly describes their happy and free days after they go back to the open sea. When the three dolphins were performers,their lives were really terrible.They were kept in small tanks that were no bigger than small swimming pools.First,they lived in a mobile circus(马戏团),touring around the country.Later,they were even sent to a hotel to perform for guests.These gentle animals were always hungry,because the trainers kept them that way so they would follow orders when they had to do tricks like jumping for the crowds. The trapped dolphins also lost the chance to socialize with other dolphins.They spent 90 percent of their time on the water surface,waiting for orders.But wild dolphins spend most of their time underwater,swimming and searching for food freely.What’s worse,the trapped dolphins were made to do tricks every day,with no rest.All the three were too thin because they were not well-fed,and they often felt anxious and sad. As is known to all,dolphins can only be themselves fully in the ocean.There,they can make friends with other dolphins,explore the big and blue ocean,play games for fun and live without fear of being forced to perform. The three dolphins—who were once caught from the wild when they were young—spent three whole years living a terrible life. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150个左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Learning about the dolphins,Green Matters took action at once. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The day for the dolphins to go back to the sea finally came. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.resistance n.　　　　　　　　　　　  2.elegance n.　　　　　　　　　　　  3.demonstrate v.　　　　　　　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.component　本文义:n.　　　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.literally　本文义:adv.　　　　　　　　  其他义:adv.　　　　　　　　　　  3.complex　本文义:n.　　　　　  其他义:adj.　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.depend on 　　　　　　　　　　　  2.short for 　　　　　　　　　  3.energy consumption 　　　　　　　  4.a culturing factory 　　　　　　　  　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.sow　2.physician　3.bowed　4.decent　5.attained Ⅱ.1.wisdom　2.deliberately　3.rejection　4.departure　5.employees Ⅲ.1.in return for her friends’ support 2.Sitting by the library window 3.As we all know/As is known to us all Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现,蘑菇可制成有机忆阻器,具备信息存储功能,且环保可再生,未来可用于新型计算设备。 1.B　词句猜测题。根据第二段中“These mushroom-based devices act as organic memristors,short for memory resistors.Unlike traditional resistors,memristors have the unique ability to retain information about past electrical states.”以及“Even after the power is switched off,the resistance level remains,thus allowing memristors to function like tiny memory units inside a computer.”可知,忆阻器能存储过去电状态信息,断电后电阻水平仍保持,就像存储信息一样。retain意为“存储、保留”,与store意义相近。故选B项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Although their performance dropped under higher electrical frequencies,stability returned when several mushrooms were linked together—suggesting a kind of collective intelligence,similar to how brain cells function together.”可知,作者意在说明菌丝体网络的协作特性。故选C项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Mushrooms,however,are renewable,biodegradable,and easy to grow.Their mycelium can also be shaped into custom structures,making them suitable for wearable electronics,smart sensors,and other emerging technologies.”可知,蘑菇基忆阻器具有可持续性和适应性。故选D项。 4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Everything needed to explore organic computing could be as small as a pile of natural waste and some homemade electronics—or as large as a culturing factory,’ said John LaRocco,the study’s lead author.‘All of it is achievable with the resources we already have.’”可推知,探索有机计算所需资源简单,用已有资源就能实现,说明其进入门槛低。故选A项。 Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国建筑师刘家琨斩获普利兹克建筑奖。他的设计融合本土元素与人文关怀,巧用再生材料,兼顾民生需求,并将中式哲学融入创作,倡导人与自然共生。 1.stretches　考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处应填谓语动词,且该句陈述客观事实,为一般现在时;主语career为单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。 2.with　考查固定短语。combine A with B是固定短语,意为“将 A 与 B 结合起来”。故填with。 3.to aid　考查动词不定式。此处用动词不定式作目的状语,表示发明再生砖的目的。故填to aid。 4.and　考查连词。both...and...是固定并列结构,意为“既……又……”。故填and。 5.Completed　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语“this five-story urban complex”与动词“complete”之间是被动关系,且动作已完成,故用过去分词作状语,首字母需大写。故填Completed。 6.residents　考查名词复数形式。resident是可数名词,意为“居民”。此处指西村大院的众多居民,用复数形式。故填residents。 7.who　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是“many online users”,指人,且关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导定语从句。 8.a　考查冠词。空前“city”是可数名词单数,表泛指,且发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。 9.integrating　考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后面需接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填integrating。 10.adaptation　考查名词。此处与名词“coexistence(共存)”并列,作动词“emphasizes”的宾语,需用 adapt 的名词形式adaptation(适应)。 Ⅵ.My Intelligent Robot for the Elderly  As the population ages,the need for elderly care is increasing.My intelligent robot is designed to provide companionship and assistance for the elderly. My intelligent robot can chat with the elderly,tell stories,and play music to relieve their loneliness.It also has a monitoring function to detect the elderly’s health status and call for help in case of an emergency.Additionally,the robot can help the elderly with simple household chores such as cleaning and cooking,lightening their burden and improving their quality of life. I hope this robot can bring more warmth and convenience to the elderly and make their lives more comfortable. Ⅶ.Learning about the dolphins,Green Matters took action at once.They worked hard to help them.They talked to the hotel to free Johnny,Rocky and Rambo,sent them to a safe coastal center and brought in animal experts to teach them how to find food on their own and swim freely again.Caregivers spent hours with them every day,letting the dolphins play and bond with each other,just like they would in the wild.Slowly,the dolphins put on weight,their anxiety faded,and they started to show joy—all ready for the day they could return to the sea.  The day for the dolphins to go back to the sea finally came.The team from Green Matters took the dolphins to a quiet coastal area and gently guided them into the water,where the blue sea stretched endlessly.As soon as they touched the water,the three dolphins swam forward excitedly,leaping high to celebrate their freedom.Their story spread quickly,making more people refuse animal shows.It proves that every creature deserves a natural life,and when we stand up for animals,we’re not just saving them—we’re protecting the beauty and balance of the world we all share.  知识积累卡 一、1.阻力;电阻;抵抗　2.优雅;典雅;优美　3.证明;展示;演示 二、1.电子元件　组成部分,成分　2.确实地;不折不扣地 字面地,逐字地　3.建筑群　复杂的 三、1.依靠;依赖;取决于　2.是……的缩写　3.能源消耗 4.培育工厂 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $