Unit 5 Learning from Nature Developing ideas 语法填空-2025-2026学年高中英语外研版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 聚焦语法填空分层训练，通过基础语法、进阶结构到语篇综合应用的梯度设计，强化语言能力与文化意识培养，适配新授课知识巩固需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础|单一语法点（词性转换、固定搭配）|如名词复数（chickens）、介词搭配（in return for），夯实语言基础能力| |进阶|复杂语法结构（非谓语、从句）|如非谓语作状语（Born...）、定语从句（which），提升语法应用思维品质| |综合|语篇语境应用（篇章逻辑、文化对比）|结合陶渊明与梭罗的自然观语篇，考查语境中语法运用，渗透跨文化意识|

Back to Nature（B3 Unit 5 Developing Ideas） 一、学生设空版 ①______(bear) into a poor aristocratic family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming (365–427) was one of China’s ②______(great) poets and a ③______(note) recluse. ④______ master of the five-word line, Tao has been described ⑤______ the first great “poet of fields and gardens”. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) was an American ⑥______(essay), poet, and philosopher. He began writing nature poetry in his early ⑦______(twenty), ⑧______ poet Ralph Waldo Emerson ⑨______ a mentor and friend. In 1845, he began his famous two-year stay at Walden Pond, ⑩______ he wrote about in his masterwork, Walden. Para.1 Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but ⑪______(num.) lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. ⑫______(superficial), these two men, ⑬______ lives were ⑭______(separate) in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar ⑮______(opposite). And yet they shared ⑯______ intense respect ⑰______ nature, ⑱______ made them each an ⑲______(influence) figure of their time. Para.2 Both men made dramatic ⑳______(transform) to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. ㉑______ an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt ㉒______(conflict) over life at court. In 405, he ㉓______(quit) the service of the court for good, ㉔______(express) his unhappiness in the now famous line ㉕______ he would not “bow like a servant in return ㉖______ five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years ㉗______ his death, ㉘______(work) the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that ㉙______ his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding ㉚______(content) in its ㉛______(simple) and ㉜______ drawing pleasure from nature. Para.3 ㉝______ Tao’s return to nature was a reaction ㉞______ a lifestyle he was ㉟______(oppose) to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way ㊱______ he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest ㊲______ the edge of Walden Pond, ㊳______(focus) on himself and his writing. He explained his reason ㊴______ doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live ㊵______(deliberate), to front only the ㊶______(essence) facts of life.” Both men were happy ㊷______(withdraw) from contemporary life, seeking a ㊸______(harmony) relationship ㊹______ nature in the ㊺______(quiet) of their lives. Para.4 ㊻______ Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite ㊼______ same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as ㊽______(chicken) and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast ㊾______ and critical of the ㊿______(depress) court life: Beyond the dark and distance ①______(lie) a village, The smoke above reluctant to ②______(depart). A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. Para.5 Thoreau’s ③______(describe) of nature ④______(emphasis) the beauty and ⑤______(pure) of the wild areas around him. ⑥______(devote) himself to ⑦______(observe) of the natural ⑧______(phenomenon), he recorded his ⑨______(detail) findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed ⑩______(convince) people that animals and plants had a right ⑪______(live) and prosper, ⑫______ we do. We should live with them ⑬______ harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, ⑭______ he describes in his journals: Live in each season ⑮______ it passes; ⑯______(breathe) the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself ⑰______ the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and ⑱______(botany) medicines. Para.6 It takes ⑲______(consider) courage ⑳______(reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, ㉑______ both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices ㉒______(lead) them to quiet and ㉓______(reflect) lives with ㉔______(few) material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being ㉕______ ease with nature may take us a step ㉖______ to ㉗______(attain) personal well-being and ㉘______(fulfil). 二、答案+简要解析 前50空（①～㊿） 1.Born：过去分词作状语，表被动 2.greatest：one of+最高级+名词复数 3.noted：形容词，知名的 4.A：不定冠词，一位大师 5.as：be described as 被称作 6.essayist：名词，散文作家 7.twenties：in one’s twenties 在二十多岁 8.with：with复合结构作伴随 9.as：as a mentor 当作导师 10.which：定语从句指代事物 11.one：one…the other 一个……另一个 12.Superficially：副词修饰整句 13.whose：定语从句作定语 14.separated：被动语态be done 15.opposites：复数名词，对立面 16.an：元音音素开头用an 17.for：respect for 对……的敬重 18.which：非限制性定语从句 19.influential：形容词修饰名词 20.transformations：名词复数，转变 21.As：介词，身为官员 22.conflicted：形容词，内心矛盾的 23.quit：过去式，原形过去式同形 24.expressing：现在分词作伴随状语 25.that：同位语从句引导词 26.for：in return for 作为回报 27.until：介词，直到离世 28.working：spend…doing固定搭配 29.although：让步连词，尽管 30.contentment：名词，满足感 31.simplicity：名词，简朴 32.in：in doing 在……之中 33.While：连词，对比两者 34.to：reaction to 对……的反应 35.opposed：be opposed to 反对 36.that/不填：way定语从句引导词可省略 37.on：on the edge of 在边缘 38.focusing：现在分词作状语 39.for：reason for ……的原因 40.deliberately：副词修饰动词 41.essential：形容词修饰名词 42.to withdraw：be happy to do 43.harmonious：形容词，和谐的 44.with：relationship with 和……的关系 45.quietness：名词，宁静 46.Although：让步状语从句连词 47.the：the same固定搭配 48.chickens：名词复数 49.to：in contrast to 与……相比 50.depressive：形容词，压抑的 50空后重新编号①~㉘ 1.lies：倒装句，主语单数用lies 2.depart：reluctant to do sth. 3.descriptions：名词复数作主语 4.emphasised：过去式 5.purity：名词，与beauty并列 6.Devoting：现在分词作状语 7.observations：复数名词 8.phenomena：phenomenon复数 9.detailed：形容词修饰findings 10.to convince：aim to do 11.to live：have a right to do 12.as：正如，引导方式状语 13.in：in harmony 和谐地 14.as：正如 15.as：随着 16.breathe：并列动词原形 17.to：resign oneself to 顺从 18.botanical：形容词修饰名词 19.considerable：形容词，大量的 20.to reject：it takes courage to do 21.as：正如两人所为 22.led：lead过去式 23.reflective：形容词，沉思的 24.fewer：比较级，更少的 25.at：at ease 自在 26.closer：比较级，更进一步 27.attaining：介词to后动名词 28.fulfilment：名词，满足感 三、原文（标注对应序号） ①Born into a poor aristocratic family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming (365–427) was one of China’s ②greatest poets and a ③noted recluse. ④A master of the five-word line, Tao has been described ⑤as the first great “poet of fields and gardens”. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) was an American ⑥essayist, poet, and philosopher. He began writing nature poetry in his early ⑦twenties, ⑧with poet Ralph Waldo Emerson ⑨as a mentor and friend. In 1845, he began his famous two-year stay at Walden Pond, ⑩which he wrote about in his masterwork, Walden. Para.1 Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets, but ⑪one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. ⑫Superficially, these two men, ⑬whose lives were ⑭separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, were polar ⑮opposites. And yet they shared ⑯an intense respect ⑰for nature, ⑱which made them each an ⑲influential figure of their time. Para.2 Both men made dramatic ⑳transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. ㉑As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao felt ㉒conflicted over life at court. In 405, he ㉓quit the service of the court for good, ㉔expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line ㉕that he would not “bow like a servant in return ㉖for five dou of grain”. He spent the next 22 years ㉗until his death, ㉘working the land in a poor, rural area. From his poetry, we can learn that ㉙although his life was arduous, he succeeded in finding ㉚contentment in its ㉛simplicity ㉜in drawing pleasure from nature. Para.3 ㉝While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction ㉞to a lifestyle he was ㉟opposed to, Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way ㊱(that/省略) he lived. He had a decent quality of life, but he wanted to live in a simpler way. For two years, two months and two days, he lived in a cottage in the forest ㊲on the edge of Walden Pond, ㊳focusing on himself and his writing. He explained his reason ㊴for doing so in Walden: “I went to the woods because I wished to live ㊵deliberately, to front only the ㊶essential facts of life.” Both men were happy ㊷to withdraw from contemporary life, seeking a ㊸harmonious relationship ㊹with nature in the ㊺quietness of their lives. Para.4 ㊻Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite ㊼the same way, their works show its beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages, in other words, rural, and his animals are domestic ones, such as ㊽chickens and dogs. The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast ㊾to and critical of the ㊿depressive court life: Beyond the dark and distance ①lies a village, The smoke above reluctant to ②depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane, And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. Para.5 Thoreau’s ③descriptions of nature ④emphasised the beauty and ⑤purity of the wild areas around him. ⑥Devoting himself to ⑦observations of the natural ⑧phenomena, he recorded his ⑨detailed findings in his journals. Thoreau’s writing aimed ⑩to convince people that animals and plants had a right ⑪to live and prosper, ⑫as we do. We should live with them ⑬in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts, ⑭as he describes in his journals: Live in each season ⑮as it passes; ⑯breathe the air, drink the drink, taste the fruit, and resign yourself ⑰to the influences of each. Let them be your only diet, drink and ⑱botanical medicines. Para.6 It takes ⑲considerable courage ⑳to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature, ㉑as both Tao and Thoreau did. Their choices ㉒led them to quiet and ㉓reflective lives with ㉔fewer material desires. In today’s modern world, their ideas about living simply and being ㉕at ease with nature may take us a step ㉖closer to ㉗attaining personal well-being and ㉘fulfilment. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $